Subject:	Re: Michael Grant's Constantine
From:	pythia kingan@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:46:22 -0400

> Another book catalog arrived in the mail today, and it offered something
> interesting - a biography "Constantine the Great" by Michael Grant.

> And before anyone gets over
> excited - I am just looking for opinions on a particular book, not suggesting
> that we revive the fourth century.

Hiss Boo (Thumbs down!!) I LOATH Michael Grant........

Pythia...(snarling....)

_______________________________________________________________________
the Studio at the Sign Of The Harp:

Beautuful and Unique Jewelry inspired by the Ancient World.
<a href="http://www.angelfire.com/ma/signoftheharp/jewelry.html" target="_top" >http://www.angelfire.com/ma/signoftheharp/jewelry.html</a>
<a href="http://www.signoftheharp.com" target="_top" >http://www.signoftheharp.com</a>

Subject:	Re: Michael Grant's Constantine
From:	legion6@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 01:18:09 -0500 (CDT)

>Hiss Boo (Thumbs down!!) I LOATH Michael Grant........
>
>Pythia...(snarling....)

Thank you for sharing.

In all seriousness, do you really think you're helping a fellow Citizen
decide on reading material by such statements? Unless you (or anyone
speaking on the subject) can provide a cogent reason *why* a particular
author or work is to be recommended or otherwise, you add nothing to
the debate and ought to leave the field to those willing to discuss it
in an informed and well-reasoned fashion.

Wasn't there an Apollo Lycaeus--Wolfish Apollo? There's been an awful
lot of snapping and snarling on this List of late. I am not immune to
the effects this has on the climate of discussion. Do let's discuss
things on their merits (or lack thereof). I'd like to know *what*
makes Michael Grant's stuff loathsome (if such it is), not having read
him much myself...
---
__________ _<~) __________
<-\\\\@@@@@) /##\ (@@@@@////-> Märia Villarroel legion6@--------
<-\\\@@@@(#####@@@@///-> Historical Re-Creationist
<-\\\*##*///-> and Citizen of Rome
o---<<<<||SPQR||>>>>---o Latin lessons, History lectures
///\\\ Role-playing Games, too!

aka Lucius Marius Fimbria on the weekends

Subject:	Re: Michael Grant's Constantine
From:	SFP55@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 02:42:50 EDT

In a message dated 98-10-20 01:54:45 EDT, you write:

<< Any thoughts, anyone ? It would be nice to have a rational account of
Constantine's era, to offset the sectarian treatises that are usually passed
off as the history of the fourth century cen. >>
Salve,
Michael Grant is what I call a "coffee book" historian, wonderful to read,
but he sets forth opinions, lacking in citations. He has a large body of
work, and he is fine for the non historians, but his texts are written for the
average non latin speaking public. His books are often used in beginning
ancient civ courses for that reason.
If that is your comfort zone, then read him, otherwise you would be better off
reading Ammianus Marcellinus.

Vale!!
Q Fabius Maximus
Roman Historian

Subject:	In defense of Consul Metellus
From:	"D. Iunius Palladius" amcgrath@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 02:48:55 -0400 (EDT)

Salvete Cives! While it is true that as a patrician I cannot vote for
Tribune of the Plebs, I feel compelled to write to defend our junior
consul, Quintus Caecilius Metellus against the accusations leveled against
him by Antonius Gryllus Graecus, a rival of his for the position of
Tribune.

Metellus was essentially accused of being in a conspiracy (I presume with
me and my fellow candidate for the Consulship, Lucius Equitius) to take
over one of the Tribune's positions, which is a position to protect the
plebs from the excesses of those in power. The implication of Graecus was
that Metellus did not run for consul because he was either afraid of
running or that he is in a conspiracy to control all the positions of Nova
Roma. Either idea is absurd. Metellus cannot run for consul because he
respects the cursus honorum and Roman tradition (the Mos Maiorum) which
prevents one from seeking such an office in consecutive terms. One of the
conditions that he stated before his taking the office was that he
would not run for reelection even though he did not serve a full term. To
imply otherwise is to see dishonor where there is none. Metellus
deliberately chose to be a plebian to defend their rights even before most
patricians had joined Nova Roma. When he joined there were only three
gentes, the now defunct Vedia, as well as Cassia and Iunia. Caecilia
Metella could have been a senior Patrician gens but he made it *the*
senior plebian gens for the reason of watching out for the rights of the
plebians. Metellus is his own man and is seeking to be Tribune of the
Plebs for the good of the people, not any other motive.

I hope you will forgive the temerity of a patrician speaking to you about
a plebian position and a plebian running for that position but I could not
let a slight go unanswered. The facts I have mentioned are not things
that Metellus, out of a sense of modesty, would be able to say easily, but
a third party such as myself can more easily point them out.

In closing, I have attached a message of our former consul and founder,
the former Flavius Vedius Germanicus. He wrote it back in
June when he announced he was not running again for consul and why not.
Perhaps his explanation of the cursus honorum will seem less prejudicial
than mine since I have an admitted immediate interest in the current
electoral process.


Your obedient servant,

Decius Iunius Palladius

Praetor Urbanus, Censor, Consular Candidate

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Sun, 21 Jun 1998 00:25:07 -0400
From: Flavius Vedius Germa--------s --------roma@--------
Reply-To: novaro--------...
To: Multiple recipients of novaro--------...
Subject: NOVA ROMA: Consulship

Salve!

I believe that, regardless of what the Constitution may technically
authorize, there exists a greater tradition; the Mos Maiorum and the Cursus
Honorum. They represent the historical tradition of the ancient Republic,
which I choose to follow, and which I would urge all those who follow me,
not only as Consul but in any position as magistrate, to follow as well.

These traditions include the notion that one should not seek high office
(such as Consul) consecutively. Thus, I don't know if it has ever been
officially announced or not, but I would like to take this moment to state
that I will not seek election to the position of Consul for next year.

Too, I would hope that, as the field of suitable candidates becomes larger,
we adopt ever-more-stringent criteria for the election of magistrates. In
our first year, such measures were impossible for sheer lack of numbers. I
would hope that, as we grow, we can enforce the Cursus Honorem through the
ballot box; that we would not elect a Consul that has not held the office of
Praetor, etc.

In the context of the current debate about the changes to our Constitution,
I'm hoping to make the statement that we need not legislate those principles
that men of character and honor are willing to abide by willingly. And it is
my greatest hope that it is such men are these that shall be elected to
office.

Vale,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus
Nova Roma
Post Office Box 1688
Morristown, NJ 07962
www.novaroma.org


---------------------------------------------------------------------------

End of Forwarded Message

Subject:	Re: First Booting/Chatroom Problems
From:	legion6@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 01:54:02 -0500 (CDT)

Okay. This is what I hear Marconius saying, if indeed 'twas he who
said it (to suppose otherwise would, for me, be a venture into paranoia
and a few other head-problems that I've lived with, lived without, and
found that I much prefer the latter):

Beneath the strident wording, one painful truth: Nova Roma is a
fragile construct. It will continue to be so as long as it exists
primarily in the virtual realm. This being the case, any threat to its
electronic embodiment can readily be construed as a threat to the
realm. We haven't crossed the threshold yet that would differentiate
us from an on-line role-playing game (like SPQR) or a...what? What is
the minimum amount of sustance a thing must have before an onlooker--or
even a participant--can readily recognize it as 'real'? The depth of
feeling, emotional and spiritual, that we bear towards our little
community is not yet matched by its solidity, its to-be-hoped-for
permanence. We are cradling an infant, and we are perhaps
overprotective as a consequence.

Let us do what we must to discourage the scum--I say discourage,
because you can never lock them out completely without also barring the
gates against potential Citizens, friends, and allies. We do not want
to do this. A fortress mentality will bring the thing crashing down
around our heads as surely as anything else I can think of.

Let us nurture our little micronation until it is strong enough to take
its lumps with the rest of them--until it is as well-established and
visible as the SCA at least, online, in print, and on the streets.
This is not too much to hope for in a lifetime; the SCA has only been
around for 30 years, and yet anyone who's into 'Medieval' at all has at
least heard of them and likely knows where to find them!

Pax vobiscum...
---
__________ _<~) __________
<-\\\\@@@@@) /##\ (@@@@@////-> Märia Villarroel legion6@--------
<-\\\@@@@(#####@@@@///-> Historical Re-Creationist
<-\\\*##*///-> and Citizen of Rome
o---<<<<||SPQR||>>>>---o Latin lessons, History lectures
///\\\ Role-playing Games, too!

aka Lucius Marius Fimbria on the weekends

Subject:	Nova Roma, the delicate infant
From:	pjane pjane@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 04:13:58 -0400 (EDT)

>Let us nurture our little micronation until it is strong enough to take
>its lumps with the rest of them--until it is as well-established and
>visible as the SCA at least, online, in print, and on the streets.
>This is not too much to hope for in a lifetime; the SCA has only been
>around for 30 years, and yet anyone who's into 'Medieval' at all has at
>least heard of them and likely knows where to find them!

Thank you, Fimbria, for saying that so well! Apropos of which, I'll
reiterate something that's already been posted here: Members of the New
England Provincia (and anyone else foolish enough to drive to Maine in
January) are invited to a ritual honoring the goddess Concordia (rather
appropriate given recent events) on Saturday, Jan. 16, 1999, in Wells,
M--------. If you're interested, e-m--------me or C--------us (Nov------------------------) for
more information.

Patricia Cassia

Subject:	Attn: Campaign of Antonius Gryllus Graecus for the office of Tribune of the Plebs
From:	"Antonio M. R. C. Grilo" amg@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 10:46:13 +0100

Antonius Gryllus Graecus, the man who makes the magistrates speak the truth!
Vote Antonius Gryllus Graecus for Tribune of the Plebs!

"They won't cheat the people!" - Antonius Gryllus Graecus

Subject:	Attn: Campaign of Antonius Gryllus Graecus for the office of Tribune of the Plebs
From:	"Antonio M. R. C. Grilo" amg@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 14:16:50 +0100

Quintius Caecilius Metellus does not speak. They speak for him:

"In the interest of keeping the facts known, Quintius Caecilius Metellus
CANNOT
run again for Consul in the next election." - Consul Marcus Cassius Julianus

"While it is true that as a patrician I cannot vote for
Tribune of the Plebs, I feel compelled to write to defend our junior
consul, Quintus Caecilius Metellus against the accusations leveled against
him" - Praetor Urbanus, Censor, Consular Candidate Decius Iunius Palladius

Who speaks for Antonius Gryllus Graecus?

"I speak for myself and the people!" - Antonius Gryllus Graecus

Subject:	Websight Problems
From:	dean6886@--------)
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 10:13:07 -0500 (CDT)

It looks like our websight is down again.


Gaius Drusus Domitianus

Subject:	Only *slightly* insulted
From:	amethystcrystallight@--------)
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 10:08:19 -0500

Salvete!

I hardly know if I even have a right to speak, having no Internet access
and so not being to even *think* of getting into the chatroom, but I'll
do it anyway.

Nova Roma is chock full of highly educated people. I am *not* one of
them. I realize that the citizen was speaking of a couple of people in
particular, but I found myself a bit taken aback anyway. I don't live in
a fantasy world. I know a bit about 'Reality'. My reality almost kept
me from joining Nova Roma in the first place, knowing of the education
and backgrounds of some of the citizens. I have no idea how 'lily white'
their lives have been, but mine has been about as far from it as could
be. Occasionally, when I read the historical posts, I feel most like an
outsider. Fortunately, my 'Reality' has taught me to basically ignore
differences and try to do my thing. That, for me is simple Roman
Paganism. I'm not much for politics (regardless of where I was raised)
and am admittedly ignorant on history. I like the family atmosphere. It
is, at the moment anyway, a relatively stuffy family, but I suppose that
is to be expected (I admit to my own prejudices against those who have
managed to do what I could not, and will likely never be able to do)
since it is such a *new* family. I posted to the list asking prayers for
myself when I feared for the position of Lapis' placenta and got a
wonderfully warm response when all came out well, so you guys aren't
always so stuffy :-). I still feel a bit distant, and doubt I will ever
really meet any of you. I cannot afford to go to Maine ,although I would
LOVE to. I look forward to announcing that Pallidus is a 'GrandPater'
and bringing a citizen in 'the old fashioned way'. I just like it better
when it isn't so 'formal' (?). Maybe this is the feeling of Marconius.
When I had to listen to teens and jerks online, I was slightly amused by
them. I didn't take them personally and simply ignored them. Sometimes
I didn't even do that, just sat back, let them rave on, that people would
know them coo-coo's and enjoyed them make a fool of themselves.

Well, enough of my own senseless raving. Off to the dentist (another
highly educated man -- and sadist) for another round of fillings before
the 'Extraction' (which reminds me -- wish me luck. Apparently getting a
tooth pulled at 6 months preggers in not a bunch o' fun. sigh

Fara Med Godanum! -- Crys and Terry and Lapis Stone (due late Feb.)
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
Amethystia Ivnia Crystallina and Primus Ivnia Terrelina
amethystcrystallight@--------
<a href="http://members.tripod.com/~acl_pit/amethyst.htm" target="_top" >http://members.tripod.com/~acl_pit/amethyst.htm</a>

___________________________________________________________________
You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail.
Get completely free e-mail from Juno at <a href="http://www.juno.com" target="_top" >http://www.juno.com</a>
or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

Subject:	Re: Only *slightly* insulted
From:	dean6886@--------)
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 11:01:34 -0500 (CDT)

Of course you have the right to post here just about anything you'd
like - well sort of-lol. It would seem that way sometimes that the
dialog can get too formal. As far as ever meeting anyone I believe that
as we are a very new organization that in time we will start to develop
local study and worship groups, using our websight and all the trimmings
as a central place to coordinate localized activities and act as a
central clearinghouse of information. We will have more open rituals
eventually that aren't only from Maine but maybe within driving distance
for virtually anyone one day. We can have more festivals and events and
such but that will come in time when we have proper funding and the
community desire to do certain things.
We only have roughly 160 citizens from around the world but yet look
how quickly Nova Roma has been growing with very limited efforts in
making ourselves known to people- though some people like Dex and others
have been known to stand out on the street corner handing out flyers.
Stuffiness- sometimes here and there but on the whole this entire
organization is built ffor the general public. You don't have to be an
archeologist or a history scholor or speak Latin or even know a thing
about history. There can be innumerable reasons for a citizen to join.
Personally my attraction to Nova Roma is to see the Religio Romana
revive in a very modern context. As I have always had an interest in
history and politics it was an added incentive for me to join the
citizen list right away. I also find Nova Roma as a set of values,
ideals. and the basis of our Western culture that can be apart of the
modern world in our lives ( not as a fantasy or escapism or some kind of
game).
We do have reenactor groups and that is just fine- fun for those
people involved, very educational, and can also have a lot of ceremonial
uses but it sort of bothers me to ever see even loose references to Nova
Roma to a fantasy organization such as the SCA. When we do that to the
outside public view I could see that as potentially detrimental to the
credibility of the Religio Romana itself- which is central to the goals
set forth in Nova Roma.
I'm certainly not ripping on that post from Fimbria yesterday
either because I understand the context-( I hope so anyway) in which it
was made- about citizens being defensive and getting larger and more
stable- beyond any potential view that this is some kind of fantasy
organization or game. It shouldn't be any kind of escapism either. It's
more the idea of creating a community or subculture which in a way we
are. We are just evolving and trying to find the best ways of doing just
that.
Enough said for one post huh- and I hope nothing I ever write is
taken out of context from what I mean but I'm sure sooner or later it
will be-lol.

Gaius Drusus Domitianus

Subject:	Re: Website Problems
From:	Cassius622@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 12:37:15 EDT

In a message dated 10/20/98 11:13:24 AM Eastern Daylight Time,
dean6886@-------- --------es:

<<
It looks like our websight is down again.

>>

Sigh... yes, it is. We DID complain to the server last time this happened.
They assured us that it was a problem with their outside wiring connection to
the Internet, and that Bell South had come and fixed the problem. I've just
sent them yet another Email complaint, and we'll see what they've got to say
for themselves.

Vale,

Marcus Cassius Julianus

Subject:	Election of praetors and other - was In defense of Consul Metellus
From:	"RMerullo" merullo@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 14:03:15 -0400

Salvete

Decius Iunius Palladius' forwarded message from Germanicus brings up again
the issue of electing praetors. We visited this topic briefly when Lucius
Cornelius Sulla asked about electing quaestors.

I might have missed something, because I do not remember the outcome of some
of these discussions on electoral issues, namely:

1. Are praetors and quaestors elected? If yes, how many of each? The NR
constitution, as I recall, does state that the number of quaestors to be
elected is determined by the Senate. Is this done annually? Has it been
done by the sitting Senate?

2. Running on joint tickets versus running as individuals.

On issue #1 and the relevance of Germanicus' message, I doubt that
Germanicus' intention was that consuls should be elected from a field of
candidates who had previously served in a senatorially appointed office. If
one takes that view, then one believes that people who have never been
appointed should not even bother running for an office. If we adopt this
tradition, we'll have a small closed clique at the magisterial top of
things.

Thus far, candidates for Consul have apparently made up their minds on issue
#2. I, for one, would like to see some individual candidates for Consul. I
may be wrong in doing so, but I associate joint candidacy with partisanship,
and I am hoping that we can avoid creating parties, platforms, and other
obstacles to selection of individuals based on ideas and performance.

Valete

Gaius Marius Merullus

-----Original Message-----
From: D. Iunius Palladius amcgrath@--------
To: <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a> <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a>
Date: Tuesday, October 20, 1998 2:49 AM
Subject: [novaroma] In defense of Consul Metellus



>
>---------- Forwarded message ----------
>Date: Sun, 21 Jun 1998 00:25:07 -0400
>From: Flavius Vedius Germa--------s --------roma@-------- >Reply-To: novaro--------...
>To: Multiple recipients of novaro--------...
>Subject: NOVA ROMA: Consulship
>
>Salve!
>
>I believe that, regardless of what the Constitution may technically
>authorize, there exists a greater tradition; the Mos Maiorum and the Cursus
>Honorum. They represent the historical tradition of the ancient Republic,
>which I choose to follow, and which I would urge all those who follow me,
>not only as Consul but in any position as magistrate, to follow as well.
>
>These traditions include the notion that one should not seek high office
>(such as Consul) consecutively. Thus, I don't know if it has ever been
>officially announced or not, but I would like to take this moment to state
>that I will not seek election to the position of Consul for next year.
>


---Deleted for space----
I
>would hope that, as we grow, we can enforce the Cursus Honorem through the
>ballot box; that we would not elect a Consul that has not held the office
of
>Praetor, etc.
>
>
>Flavius Vedius Germanicus
>Nova Roma
>Post Office Box 1688
>Morristown, NJ 07962
>www.novaroma.org
>
>
>---------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>End of Forwarded Message
>

Subject:	Re: Election of praetors and other - was In defense of Consul Metellus
From:	"Antonio M. R. C. Grilo" amg@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 19:36:37 +0100

Salvete omnes!

>Thus far, candidates for Consul have apparently made up their minds on
issue
>#2. I, for one, would like to see some individual candidates for Consul.
I
>may be wrong in doing so, but I associate joint candidacy with
partisanship,
>and I am hoping that we can avoid creating parties, platforms, and other
>obstacles to selection of individuals based on ideas and performance.
I agree. Consuls should run individually like the other magistrates.

Antonius Gryllus Graecus
(Praetor ad Lusitaniam Provinciam)


-----Original Message-----
From: RMerullo merullo@--------
To: <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a> <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a>
Date: Tuesday, October 20, 1998 7:21 PM
Subject: [novaroma] Election of praetors and other - was In defense of
Consul Metellus


>From: "RMerullo" merullo@--------
>
>Salvete
>
>Decius Iunius Palladius' forwarded message from Germanicus brings up again
>the issue of electing praetors. We visited this topic briefly when Lucius
>Cornelius Sulla asked about electing quaestors.
>
>I might have missed something, because I do not remember the outcome of
some
>of these discussions on electoral issues, namely:
>
>1. Are praetors and quaestors elected? If yes, how many of each? The NR
>constitution, as I recall, does state that the number of quaestors to be
>elected is determined by the Senate. Is this done annually? Has it been
>done by the sitting Senate?
>
>2. Running on joint tickets versus running as individuals.
>
>On issue #1 and the relevance of Germanicus' message, I doubt that
>Germanicus' intention was that consuls should be elected from a field of
>candidates who had previously served in a senatorially appointed office.
If
>one takes that view, then one believes that people who have never been
>appointed should not even bother running for an office. If we adopt this
>tradition, we'll have a small closed clique at the magisterial top of
>things.
>
>Thus far, candidates for Consul have apparently made up their minds on
issue
>#2. I, for one, would like to see some individual candidates for Consul.
I
>may be wrong in doing so, but I associate joint candidacy with
partisanship,
>and I am hoping that we can avoid creating parties, platforms, and other
>obstacles to selection of individuals based on ideas and performance.
>
>Valete
>
>Gaius Marius Merullus
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: D. Iunius Palladius amcgrath@--------
>To: <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a> <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a>
>Date: Tuesday, October 20, 1998 2:49 AM
>Subject: [novaroma] In defense of Consul Metellus
>
>
>
>>
>>---------- Forwarded message ----------
>>Date: Sun, 21 Jun 1998 00:25:07 -0400
>>From: Flavius Vedius Germa--------s --------roma@-------- >>Reply-To: novaro--------...
>>To: Multiple recipients of novaro--------...
>>Subject: NOVA ROMA: Consulship
>>
>>Salve!
>>
>>I believe that, regardless of what the Constitution may technically
>>authorize, there exists a greater tradition; the Mos Maiorum and the
Cursus
>>Honorum. They represent the historical tradition of the ancient Republic,
>>which I choose to follow, and which I would urge all those who follow me,
>>not only as Consul but in any position as magistrate, to follow as well.
>>
>>These traditions include the notion that one should not seek high office
>>(such as Consul) consecutively. Thus, I don't know if it has ever been
>>officially announced or not, but I would like to take this moment to state
>>that I will not seek election to the position of Consul for next year.
>>
>
>
>---Deleted for space----
>I
>>would hope that, as we grow, we can enforce the Cursus Honorem through the
>>ballot box; that we would not elect a Consul that has not held the office
>of
>>Praetor, etc.
>>
>>
>>Flavius Vedius Germanicus
>>Nova Roma
>>Post Office Box 1688
>>Morristown, NJ 07962
>>www.novaroma.org
>>
>>
>>--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
>>
>>End of Forwarded Message
>>
>
>
>
>------------------------------------------------------------------------
>To unsubscribe from this mailing list, or to change your subscription
>to digest, go to the ONElist web site, at <a href="http://www.onelist.com" target="_top" >http://www.onelist.com</a> and
>select the User Center link from the menu bar on the left.
>

Subject:	Re: Election of praetors and other - was In defense of Consul Metellus
From:	"D. Iunius Palladius" amcgrath@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 15:49:35 -0400 (EDT)

On Tue, 20 Oct 1998, RMerullo wrote:

> From: "RMerullo" merullo@--------
>
> Salvete

> I might have missed something, because I do not remember the outcome of some
> of these discussions on electoral issues, namely:
>
> 1. Are praetors and quaestors elected?

Yes if you are referring to the Praetor Urbanus. The Propraetors,
governors of provinces, are appointed.

> If yes, how many of each? The NR
> constitution, as I recall, does state that the number of quaestors to be
> elected is determined by the Senate. Is this done annually? Has it been
> done by the sitting Senate?

It is done annually and has been determined by the Senate. I will announce
now that the Senate is looking for 3 Quaestors for the coming year and I
encourage people to run for these positions. So far, we have one
candidate, the quite able Patricia Cassia.

Quaestors serve in whatever capacity assigned by the Senate, either to aid
specific magistrates or to aid several magistrates. We are looking for one
quaestor to handle advertising, promoting Nova Roma. Also, quaestors
handle funds and do finacial oversight work so abilities in those areas
are especially needed.

Of course, anybody can run for quaestor and I encourage people to do so
but I thought I would tell you what their duties will be so please keep
those qualitires in mind and if it sounds like you, consider running for
office. The 3 candidates who receive the most votes will receive the
positions.

> 2. Running on joint tickets versus running as individuals.
>
> On issue #1 and the relevance of Germanicus' message, I doubt that
> Germanicus' intention was that consuls should be elected from a field of
> candidates who had previously served in a senatorially appointed office.

All positions this year were Senatorially appointed in accordance with
the Constitution, but all the positions this coming year will be elected
so the point will soon be a moot one.

> Thus far, candidates for Consul have apparently made up their minds on issue
> #2. I, for one, would like to see some individual candidates for Consul. I
> may be wrong in doing so, but I associate joint candidacy with partisanship,
> and I am hoping that we can avoid creating parties, platforms, and other
> obstacles to selection of individuals based on ideas and performance.

Running as a pair is an ancient tradition in the Mos Maiorum. Whether
I am a separate candidate I am still supporting L. Equitius and vice
versa. Is that partisanship or a good working relationship built over
months as being the Praetores Urbanii? I say the latter.


Valete,

Decius Iunius Palladius




----------------------------------------------------------------------------


Non scholae sed vitae discimus.

Seneca


----------------------------------------------------------------------------

"Such things have often happened and still happen,
and how can these be signs of the end of the world?"

Julian, Emperor of Rome 361-363 A.D.
Extant 331-363 A.D.

Subject:	Basic Mead
From:	Megas-Robinson amgunn@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 14:54:55 -0700

Salus et Fortuna Omnes, Salvete!

Interest in Brewing and Vinting is running high, thank you all. I'm
still not offering to start a Sodalitas until after the Saturnalia
season is over. But, in response to requests, I shall post information
here, and write for the Eagle.

Attached is a basic (basic, basic) guide to Mead brewing with a starter
recipe.

I also think I've come across a couple of good low alcohol recipes. I'm
brewing them this weekend. If all goes well, I'll have information to
offer our Citizens who choose to not imbibe the recreational toxin.

There are finings which can be substituted for egg white, gelatin and
isinglas, which are animal products. Irish Moss - a type of kelp and
Polyclar - a plastic powder come to mind immediately. Any good homebrew
and wine shop should have them. Look in the "Yellow Pages" under "Beer:
Homebrewing Equipment and Supplies" or "Winemaking: Equipment and
Supplies" or other similar topic heading.

To emphasize Sanitation and Safety: If the equipment, work surfaces and
ingredients are not clean, you'll be wasting time and money to make a
lousy brew. Other procedures you can play around with, a little bit.
Never skimp on cleaning. Use white paper towels to keep dye and
bacteria contamination out (an old sponge or cloth towel is a haven for
contaminating organisms). Keep the small children, cats and dogs away,
no matter how much they want to help. We're dealing with cleaning
solutions, large quantities of HOT liquid, heavy containers, etc.

There must be something else... But I can't think of it now.

Ah!...

My experience:
I made my first wine with a "Little Home Winemaker" kit in early 1974,
from a block of compressed raisins, honey (my first Pyment, but I didn't
know aboud Meads then) and the kit wine yeast. This wasn't too bad,
kicky and kind of fizzy.
I started brewing during the summer of 1975, a prohibition era recipe of
"Blue Ribbon" malt extract, white cane sugar and bread yeast. It was so
bad, I was only able to down 3 bottles over the course of 2 months. It
was a cidery, skunky beer.
It's been lots better since those starting experiments. I've been
brewing (the making of beer, ale, mead and saki) and vinting (the making
of wine) regularly the past 20 years.
I like to make dark beers and ales (porter, stout, oatmeal stout, nice
heavy lagers), wines and meads. My wife likes to brew high hop ales and
pilsener style beers, and likes the mead brewing too.
I have been a judge in the SCA for brewing/vinting/cordial-liquor making
competitions. I started a Guild for such in one of the Shires in which
I lived. I've belonged to several homebrew clubs (including the "Forest
City Brewers" of Rockford, IL at present).

Well, enough about me.

Again, I am glad to be of service. Remember the primary maxims: Relax,
Don't worry, have a homebrew! (Beer, ale, mead, wine, tea or lemonade
as appropriate :{) )

Benedicte, Valete,

Stephanus Ullerius Venator, Coqueror

Subject:	Re: Election of praetors and other - was In defense of Consul Metellus
From:	"Lucius" vergil@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 16:02:08 -0400

Salvete
>
>Decius Iunius Palladius' forwarded message from Germanicus brings up again
>the issue of electing praetors. We visited this topic briefly when Lucius
>Cornelius Sulla asked about electing quaestors.
>
>I might have missed something, because I do not remember the outcome of
some
>of these discussions on electoral issues, namely:
>
>1. Are praetors and quaestors elected?
>
YES, The Praetor Urbanus and Quaestores are elected. The Praetores
Provinciae (governors) are appointed by the Senate.

> If yes, how many of each?

Right now there are Two Praetores Urbani

>The NR constitution, as I recall, does state that the number of quaestors
to be
>elected is determined by the Senate. Is this done annually?

Yes.

> Has it been done by the sitting Senate?
>
I have been pushing for a statment from the Senate on the Quaestor situation
so the candidates will have plenty of time. But so far we only have two
candidates, so it's a moot point. We will have at least two in any case.

>2. Running on joint tickets versus running as individuals.
>
What about it?

>On issue #1 and the relevance of Germanicus' message, I doubt that
>Germanicus' intention was that consuls should be elected from a field of
>candidates who had previously served in a senatorially appointed office.
If
>one takes that view, then one believes that people who have never been
>appointed should not even bother running for an office. If we adopt this
>tradition, we'll have a small closed clique at the magisterial top of
>things.
>
You need to do some study on the Cursus Honorum. Quaestores are the
first step in the ladder they are elected. The Senate only requires so many
and right now. Nova Roma only has ~160 cives and Rova Roma only started with
four and in eight months we have grown 40 time over. This is the first year
and we have to start somewhere. So why don't you apply for an appointed
position or run for Quaestor, Aedilis or Tribune Plebis?

>Thus far, candidates for Consul have apparently made up their minds on
issue
>#2. I, for one, would like to see some individual candidates for Consul.
I
>may be wrong in doing so, but I associate joint candidacy with
partisanship,
>and I am hoping that we can avoid creating parties, platforms, and other
>obstacles to selection of individuals based on ideas and performance.
>
At this eary development we need more cooperation than competition. We are
trying to begin with the "mos maiorum" and establish the Coursus Honorum.

>Valete, Gaius Marius Merullus

Valete et Vale L Equitius Cincinnatus

Subject:	Re: Election of praetors and other - was In defense of Consul Metellus
From:	"Lucius" vergil@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 16:18:03 -0400

Salvete
>> 1. Are praetors and quaestors elected?
>Yes if you are referring to the Praetor Urbanus. The Propraetors,
>governors of provinces, are appointed.
>
>It is done annually and has been determined by the Senate. I will announce
>now that the Senate is looking for 3 Quaestors for the coming year and I
>encourage people to run for these positions. So far, we have one
>candidate, the quite able Patricia Cassia.
>
I thought that Gaius Drusus Domitianus had announced as well.

>Quaestors serve in whatever capacity assigned by the Senate,
>
>The 3 candidates who receive the most votes will receive the
>positions.
>
>All positions this year were Senatorially appointed in accordance with
>the Constitution, but all the positions this coming year will be elected
>so the point will soon be a moot one.
>
>> Thus far, candidates for Consul have apparently made up their minds on
issue
>> #2.
>
>Running as a pair is an ancient tradition in the Mos Maiorum. Whether
>I am a separate candidate I am still supporting L. Equitius and vice
>versa. Is that partisanship or a good working relationship built over
>months as being the Praetores Urbanii? I say the latter.
>Valete, Decius Iunius Palladius


Quite so, Palladius! Etiam dico.
Valete , L Equitius Cincinnatus

Subject:	Re: Election of praetors and other - was In defense of Consul Metellus
From:	"D. Iunius Palladius" amcgrath@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 16:32:45 -0400 (EDT)

On Tue, 20 Oct 1998, Lucius wrote:

> From: "Lucius" v--------l@--------

> >It is done annually and has been determined by the Senate. I will announce
> >now that the Senate is looking for 3 Quaestors for the coming year and I
> >encourage people to run for these positions. So far, we have one
> >candidate, the quite able Patricia Cassia.
> >
> I thought that Gaius Drusus Domitianus had announced as well.

I have just checked my Censorial files and I see only one "intention to
run" on file.

Remember, anyone, if you plan to run for an office, you must file such
i--------tio--------th the ce--------s at ce--------s@-------- by November 14. U--------
you do so you are not an official candidate.

Valete,

Palladius


----------------------------------------------------------------------------


Non scholae sed vitae discimus.

Seneca


----------------------------------------------------------------------------

"Such things have often happened and still happen,
and how can these be signs of the end of the world?"

Julian, Emperor of Rome 361-363 A.D.
Extant 331-363 A.D.

Subject:	Cursus honorum, specifically, praetors, was Re: Election of praetors and other
From:	"RMerullo" merullo@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 18:24:01 -0400

Salvete Luci Equiti et alii

Thanks for your answers. I understand a bit better now.

A couple of things, however, remain unclear. In your reply, you indicated
that -

> You need to do some study on the Cursus Honorum.

Do you mean the Cursus Honorum of Rome or the Cursus Honorum of Nova Roma?
I think that, as we are just starting and there are only about 150 of us, we
are still building the Cursus Honorum of Nova Roma. I would think that it
would mirror the Cursus Honorum of Rome as closely as possible, in
accordance with the restorative aims of Nova Roma in general. With that in
mind, I assumed that you were referring to the older Cursus Honorum.

I obeyed this directive, and found a very useful url for a handy guide to
this topic: <a href="http://ancienthistory.miningco.com/" target="_top" >http://ancienthistory.miningco.com/</a>
A link to this site can be found on the Nova Roma website as well. Anyway,
if you go there, it lists all the magistrates, provides descriptions of
their duties, and even summarizes this information in table form.

The description of praetor from that page:
"Praetor (6)

This magistrates (sic) were in charge of judicial matters.
They dealt with the law and with foreigners in Roman territory.
They could introduce legislation through the assemblies, and held imperium
power.
When their term of office expired, the Senate allocated each Praetor on a
propraetorship (sic).
This involved either military leadership, provincial governorship, or
control over special commissions
(such as the forestry commission - silvae callesque, and the corn
commission).
Eventually, one did not need to be a praetor to obtain propraetorian powers.
The Senate bestowed Cn. Pompey with propraetorian powers when he raised his
army of mercenaries,
yet he had not honoured the requirements for the office of propraetor."

The number six in parentheses indicates that there were six (usually)
praetors. If you look at the information on Praetor in the table, you'll
see that the office was elected by the comitia centuriata, not appointed by
the senate.

I think that it is true that Praetor Urbanus was a special function assigned
to one of the several elected praetors, as was Praetor Peregrinus. Can
anyone confirm or refute that?

I am not a senator, consul, praetor or anything else, but, can I propose
that we discuss the election of praetors? It seems to me that we should
maintain the old way, elect 6 praetors, and then have the senate assign
responsibilities such as those of Praetor Urbanus to them individually.

-----Original Message-----
From: Lucius v--------l@--------
To: <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a> <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a>
Date: Tuesday, October 20, 1998 4:02 PM
Subject: [novaroma] Re: Election of praetors and other - was In defense of
Consul Metellus

>and we have to start somewhere. So why don't you apply for an appointed
>position or run for Quaestor, Aedilis or Tribune Plebis?


I cannot run for office at this time because I am certain that I cannot
commit myself to my duties as a good magistrate should. I hope that Nova
Roma thrives under good leadership nonetheless, and I'll try to contribute
somehow.

>
>>
>At this eary development we need more cooperation than competition. We are
>trying to begin with the "mos maiorum" and establish the Coursus Honorum.

I agree, and think that the mos maiorum would dictate election of praetors;
as Germanicus pointed out on the message forwarded by D. Iunius Palladius,
the office of praetor was, by the mos maiorum rather than by law, a
prerequisite to the office of consul.

Vale

Gaius Marius Merullus

Subject:	Slight change in chat room
From:	pjane pjane@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 18:06:54 -0400 (EDT)

I was just in the chat room and we were discussing the time-stamp feature,
which apparently is not working correctly. It also came up that I had
rather parochially set it to U.S. Eastern time. Nova Roma's membership is
worldwide, so there's no one time that's "right" for all of us.

After a brief informal discussion with the people in the chat room, it was
decided to set it to the only time that's relevant for all of us - Rome
time.

After this change takes effect (probably sometime Wednesday), Eastern U.S.
participants will need to subtract six hours to get their local time.
Western U.S. participants will need to subtract nine hours (and I only know
that because Sulla's girlfriend is in Zurich). Everybody else can figure it
out for themselves.

As for the time stamp not working correctly, I'll check into it and take it
up with BeSeen.

Is this OK with everybody?

Patricia Cassia

Subject:	On Michael Grant
From:	Masterofhistory masterofhistory@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 16:41:34 -0700 (PDT)

> In all seriousness, do you really think you're helping a fellow
Citizen
> decide on reading material by such statements? Unless you (or anyone
> speaking on the subject) can provide a cogent reason

I find Michael Grant to be obnoxious. He has no scholarly background,
and he
doesn't ask for any help from anyone who does.He reminds me of the
mentality
of British Colonials of the last century who figured that based on the
strength of their British educations, and their "good" intentions ,
this put
them in some sort of "expert" position. So I don't like him, and his
recent
Alexander thing on PBS really ticked me off.....OKAY?

lol, really Marius, you didn't need to scold me.........

Pythia....(muttering...)......


Is it really Michael Grant you are thinking of? Michael Grant
certainly has some credentials. Former Fellow of the Trinity College
at Cambridge. Professor of Humanities at Edinburgh University. Vice
Chancellor of the University of Khartoum and Chancellor of Queens
University in Belfast.

What often upsets people, at least fellow Ancient Historians, is his
levity. In most of his books, Mr. Grant provides the reader with the
basic outline of the topic along with some of the basic conclusions
made by scholars. I think he avoids many of the quagmires that the
more "hardcore" scholars dig into because he is writing for a more
general audience. This is necessary as I believe that a novice to
Ancient History would be put off the subject if they started out
reading modern works like: The Limits of Empire, The Roman Army in the
Near East, The Constraints of Desire, Law and Life in Ancient Rome.
These sort of academic works are brutal, and the topics are seemingly
pointless to people who just want to read a book about the past. I
think Michael Grant provides a service to those who want to begin
learning about the ancient past.

Respectfully,
Avidius Tullius Qf Callidus, Praedans
Paterfamilias, gens Tullia
Candidate for Tribune of the People

Subject:	Re: Website Problems
From:	Ricci razenna@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 17:52:36 -0700

Cassius

> a problem with their outside wiring connection to
> the Internet, and that



> **Bell South**

In Maine? Are you sure they're not hold over Confederae symps playing at
sabotage?Maybe it would help if you told them Nova Roma is neutral in THAT civil
war.
(Don't waste your breath teling them the war is over. If they don't know by
now... [Damn, Rebs!] )

> had come and fixed the problem. I've just
> sent them yet another Email complaint, and we'll see what they've got to say
> for themselves.
>
> Vale,
>
> Marcus Cassius Julianus
>

{ In Fun}
Ericius

Subject:	Re: Election of praetors and other - was In defense of Consul Metellus
From:	Ricci razenna@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 18:03:52 -0700

RMerullo wrote:

> Salvete
>
>
> 2. Running on joint tickets versus running as individuals.
>
>
> Thus far, candidates for Consul have apparently made up their minds on issue
> #2. I, for one, would like to see some individual candidates for Consul. I
> may be wrong in doing so, but I associate joint candidacy with partisanship,
> and I am hoping that we can avoid creating parties, platforms, and other
> obstacles to selection of individuals based on ideas and performance.
>

For what it is worth, and I fear that is as much as the paper this isn't written
on,I agree with Merullus to a fair degree on this point.
I do not think we should make it mandatory for consular candidates to run as a
team.
Yeah. This was probably done at some point of the Republic. (I do not recall it
ever
having been a part of Their constitution of mos maiorum.) It was done on a de
facto basis,
and did not always work. Look as C. Julius Caesar and Bibilus. Such a situation
need
be bad for our infant cyber republic. It could be what is needed to prevent
premature
calcification. It is certainly not stated in our constitution. Two individual
who are not partners
by previous agreement, yet are Romans, might be just the thing for a vital Nova
Roma.

Valete
Caius Aelius Ericius

Subject:	Re: Website Problems
From:	missmoon@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:26:27 -0400

Ricci wrote:
>
> From: Ricci raz--------@--------
>
> Cassius
>
> > a problem with their outside wiring connection to
> > the Internet, and that
>
> > **Bell South**
>
> In Maine? Are you sure they're not hold over Confederae symps playing at
> sabotage?Maybe it would help if you told them Nova Roma is neutral in THAT civil
> war.
> (Don't waste your breath teling them the war is over. If they don't know by
> now... [Damn, Rebs!] )
>
The War of Northern Aggression is OVER??? Who won?

-- Flavia Claudia Scarlett

Subject:	Re: Website Problems
From:	Josette@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:40:55 EDT

<< > (Don't waste your breath teling them the war is over. If they don't know
by
> now... [Damn, Rebs!] )
>
The War of Northern Aggression is OVER??? Who won?
>>

I'll second that -- last I heard the battles were still raging!! When they
finally call it quits I'll let y'all know!

---
Emerentiana Palatina Indara
Materfamilias, gens Palatina

Subject:	Re: Only *slightly* insulted
From:	legion6@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:11:18 -0500 (CDT)

Salvete iterum...!

Friend Drusus said:

>...it sort of bothers me to ever see even loose references to Nova
>Roma to a fantasy organization such as the SCA.

I hope this doesn't constitute taking something he says out of context,
but as a reenactor and an SCA camp-follower for many years I just
couldn't let this one slide. No offense taken and none dealt, I hope!
>({|;-)

I know full well what kind of rep the SCA 'enjoys'--more like
endures--in the living-history community. Yes, many serious reenactors
look quite a ways down their noses at the organization. Yet the SCA
actually started out very much like Nova Roma, and at its best still
exemplifies the same spirit.

The original SCA event was a 1966 student parade (in medieval dress)
down Telegraph Avenue in Berkeley to protest "the insanity of the 20th
Century". At its core it is still an effort to revive a set of values
and a lifestyle its members feel is admirable but sadly lacking in
modern times. Members get 'into' it in varying degrees; the most
dedicated believe very much in the importance, the inner resonance of
what they do in the framework of what they term the Current Middle
Ages. For these, it's not a fantasy--they feel more like their real
selves at a campout, a tournament, or quietly researching in a library
than they ever will in their day jobs.

We could learn a lot from the SCA. The main differences I see between
what the SCAdians are up to and what we're doing are our proclaimed
sovereignty as a nation and NR's aspect of being an active religious
revival. As has been stated elsewhere and -when, not every Citizen is
going to be 'into' every facet of the Nova Roman movement. Like in the
SCA, some's are soldiers--some's are craftsmen--some's are organizers
and some's are just here for the company. All are Romans, all find a
home here in some way, and all are needed.

>It's more the idea of creating a community or subculture which in a
>way we are.

I hope the preceding has gone a little ways to show that the SCA, too,
has a little to teach us about creating a subculture. We maybe do and
maybe don't want to grow up to be just like them, but they've been
doing this jazz for thirty years and that's too much experience (good
and bad) to ignore.

---
__________ _<~) __________
<-\\\\@@@@@) /##\ (@@@@@////-> Märia Villarroel legion6@--------
<-\\\@@@@(#####@@@@///-> Historical Re-Creationist
<-\\\*##*///-> and Citizen of Rome
o---<<<<||SPQR||>>>>---o Latin lessons, History lectures
///\\\ Role-playing Games, too!

aka Lucius Marius Fimbria on the weekends

Subject:	[Fwd: Basic Mead]
From:	Megas-Robinson amgunn@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:20:41 -0700

Avete Omnes;

I'm not sure if this get sent out, so I'm retransmitting.

Hope it's of use.

Benedicte, Venator

Subject:	Candidacy
From:	"Robert Woolwine" Alexious@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:13:38 -0700

Salvete Cives,

I formally announce my candidacy for one of the Praetores Urbanii positions. I have thought about this for a while and after consulting respected members of Nova Roma, I believe that I can be an asset to this position. My qualifications for this position include a Law Degree (paralegal), a Bachelors Degree in Political Science, and I am about to enroll in Law School. With this experience I believe that I would be able to carry out the legal duties that the position requires. In addition to my legal experience I have administrative experience through my Bachelors Degree and various employment positions to met the requirements of calling on voting procedures and legal drafting. I believe that I can successfully honor and carry out all duties and responsbilities that this position requires. And, I hope that I can count on your support when it comes to election day. Valete Omnes.

Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Quaestor

Subject:	Re: Candidacy
From:	"Jonathan Robison" jonathan99@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:42:19 -0700

I wish you spent as much time on the business as you do on this stuff. I understand that you need to play pretend, but sometimes you need to focus on real life issues.
-----Original Message-----
From: Rob--------Woolwin----------------us@--------
To: <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a> <a href="mailto:novaroma@--------" >novaroma@--------</a>
Date: Tuesday, October 20, 1998 11:15 PM
Subject: [novaroma] Candidacy


Salvete Cives,

I formally announce my candidacy for one of the Praetores Urbanii positions. I have thought about this for a while and after consulting respected members of Nova Roma, I believe that I can be an asset to this position. My qualifications for this position include a Law Degree (paralegal), a Bachelors Degree in Political Science, and I am about to enroll in Law School. With this experience I believe that I would be able to carry out the legal duties that the position requires. In addition to my legal experience I have administrative experience through my Bachelors Degree and various employment positions to met the requirements of calling on voting procedures and legal drafting. I believe that I can successfully honor and carry out all duties and responsbilities that this position requires. And, I hope that I can count on your support when it comes to election day. Valete Omnes.

Lucius Cornelius Sulla
Quaestor

Subject:	Re: Cursus honorum, specifically, praetors, was Re: Election of praetors and other
From:	"Lucius" vergil@--------
Date:	Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:08:43 -0400

>>Ave et Salvete
>
>Do you mean the Cursus Honorum of Rome or the Cursus Honorum of Nova Roma?

Mostly Nova Roma. Rome lasted 1,200yrs with more than a few changes.

>I think that, as we are just starting and there are only about 150 of us,
we
>are still building the Cursus Honorum of Nova Roma.

Now we're getting somewhere.

> I would think that it would mirror the Cursus Honorum of Rome as closely
as >possible, in accordance with the restorative aims of Nova Roma in
general. With >that in mind, I assumed that you were referring to the older
Cursus Honorum.
>
True, but remember the republic evolved during it's ~500 yrs.

>I obeyed this directive, and found a very useful url for a handy guide to
>this topic: <a href="http://ancienthistory.miningco.com/" target="_top" >http://ancienthistory.miningco.com/</a>
>A link to this site can be found on the Nova Roma website as well. Anyway,
>if you go there, it lists all the magistrates, provides descriptions of
>their duties, and even summarizes this information in table form.
>
Thanks, this is the kind of help everyone appreciates.

>The description of praetor from that page:
>"Praetor (6)
>
Right now Nova Roma doesn't need six, but we may in the future.

>The Senate bestowed Cn. Pompey with propraetorian powers when he raised his
>army of mercenaries, yet he had not honoured the requirements for the
office of >propraetor."
>
Yep, the death throws of the Republic!

>The number six in parentheses indicates that there were six (usually)
>praetors. If you look at the information on Praetor in the table, you'll
>see that the office was elected by the comitia centuriata, not appointed by
>the senate.
>
Do you recall what period of time this was? We will change thru time just as
all governments have.

>I think that it is true that Praetor Urbanus was a special function
assigned
>to one of the several elected praetors, as was Praetor Peregrinus. Can
>anyone confirm or refute that?
>
Non sequitor. See site below.

>I am not a senator, consul, praetor or anything else, but, can I propose
>that we discuss the election of praetors?

We have a Constitution that we are trying to follow for this election.

> It seems to me that we should maintain the old way, elect 6 praetors, and
then >have the senate assign responsibilities such as those of Praetor
Urbanus to them >individually.


According to th eOxford Classical Dictionary, pg.1240 , Praetor
originally started as a single office in 367BC and it wasn't untill ~244BC
that another was added, then designated Urbanus et Inter Peregrinos. So if
Rome could wait 123 years to add 1 Praetor we can wait untill we have more
citizens.
>
>I cannot run for office at this time because I am certain that I cannot
>commit myself to my duties as a good magistrate should.
>
>>At this eary development we need more cooperation than competition. We are
>>trying to begin with the "mos maiorum" and establish the Coursus Honorum.
>
There you go!

>I agree, and think that the mos maiorum would dictate election of praetors;

We do elect them, two of them. Governors are assigned by the Senate.


Valete, L Equitius Cincinnatus