| Subject: |
Re: The Senate In Republican Rome |
| From: |
|
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 03:32:55 EST |
|
In a message dated 3/22/99 1:08:37 PM Pacific Standard Time,
<a href="/post/novaroma?prote--------=194232192180194153138149203043129208071" >rmerullo@--------</a> writes:
<< Nowhere is property mentioned above.>>
SENATUS.
ARISTOCRATIC AND REPUBLICAN ROME
The Make-up and Admission:
The Senate was formed to be the assembly of advisors to the Roman kings
and survived the monarchy. Traditionally the founder, Romulus, instituted the
establishment of a Senate of 100 members, but the oldest recorded number is
300,
an obvious connection with the 3 tribes and 30 curiae. L. Cornelius Sulla
increased the number to 600, J. Caesar to 900. As part his reforms, Augustus
reverted to
back to 600. The distinction between patrician and plebeian senators, appears
to have been already defined by 450 BCE
The patrician families' senators, were called "patres," and continued to hold
on to certain privileges. Plebeian senators were called "adlecti" or
"conscripti."
The two together were called "qui patres qui conscripti."
The "senatores pedarii," voted but were not allowed to speak during debates.
These were made up of those who had not ever held offices, but later the rule
was amended to include magistrates of low rank.
The senators were first chosen by the kings, later by the consuls, and after
the reforms of Ovinius, by the censors. Late in the 200s it was the custom to
choose, ex-curule magistrates, who as such, could take part in the assembly
before being formally designated as a senator. Later by 130s, the
Tribune of the Plebes were guaranteed the same privileges. C. Sulla in 81
made admission to the Senate depend mainly on the holding a quaestorship.
This meant that the Senate was now recruited indirectly by popular election.
The censors' authority was curtailed, by doing so, the Senate became the
supreme authority. By not allowing the Tribunes to enter the senate after
their
term was over, there was no longer any reason to enter the office, and it fell
into disuse.
Up till then, censors were the only people allowed to remove senators from the
rolls, if guilty of misconduct; the expulsion, however, could overturned by
later censors.
Certain professions as such as petty industry, or trade and certain civic
penalties
or moral lapses barred candidates from admission to the senate. Freedmen,
(former
slaves) or sons of freedmen were not usually admitted. Augustus first enacted
a property qualification, senatorial candidates had be worth one million
sesterces.
But up till then early senators had to have at least equestrian status.
Senators wore the toga marked with a broad purple stripe running vertically
and special shoes with straps of red leather. They had reserved seats at
religious rituals and public games. They were not allowed to leave Italy
without the Senate's permission. Because they were prohibited from being
merchants, moneylenders and traders and not allowed to own shipping companies
they were predominantly a landed class making their wealth from real estate.
As the office depended mainly on wealth and birth, new members (the novus
homo)
were rare, and the Senate seat itself inclined to become inherited.
Membership
being more or less permanent, allowing the senators to exercise great
influence on both Italian
and foreign policy.
The eventual metamorphosis of the Senate into a body of ex-magistrates avoided
the possibility of serious disagreements between the power of the magistrates
and the agenda of the senators. This sharing of power made the Senate
responsible in the centuries of the Republic, 300-100, for the direction of
the Roman State. The Republic of Rome only collapsed when military leaders
destroyed the authority of the Senate by using armies that were loyal to them
and not the state.
- Q. Fabius
|
| Subject: |
Re: Perennial Campaigning? |
| From: |
missmoon@-------- |
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 02:47:54 -0600 (CST) |
|
On 03/22/99 17:11:53 you wrote:
>
>From: Gail and Thomas Gangale <a href="/post/novaroma?protectID=123166234108158153184218249036129208" >gangale@--------</a>
>
>
>Forgive me, my Praetor, I couldn't resist. But seriously, how much
>enthusiasm is there for longer campaigns? Meanwhile, it seems to me that
>the most straightforward way to discourage vile campaigning is to not elect
>vile candidates.
Kind of hard to tell who's vile. Nobody ever puts up campaign posters that say "Vote for Teddius Kennedus...He's the Scum of the Earth!"
What we need is an Exit Poll and a 1 to 10 Vileness Rating Scale, with 10 being, say, Attila the Hun or Pat Buchanan and 1 being that guy from
Vermont who only spent $16 on his campaign for Congress and won anyway.
-- Flavia Claudia
"In the Senate, no one can hear you scream."
--- J. Caesar
|
| Subject: |
Trip to Athens |
| From: |
"Antonio Grilo" amg@-------- |
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 11:15:43 -0000 |
|
Salvete omnes
Tomorrow I'm going to Athens. Will spend there 4 days. There, I shall ask
Zeus/Iuppiter for the success of Nova Roma.
Valete
Antonius Gryllus Graecus
Aedile Plebis et Propraetor Provinciae Lusitaniae
|
| Subject: |
Cernophori |
| From: |
"Antonio Grilo" amg@-------- |
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 11:57:58 -0000 |
|
Salve
Perdona mihi amice
The name of the "Collegium of woods" was not cernophori. It was dendrophori.
Cernophori carried the mystical recipient.
Vale
Antonius Gryllus Graecus
|
| Subject: |
Spring Equinox |
| From: |
"Antonio Grilo" amg@-------- |
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 12:36:25 -0000 |
|
Salvete omnes
Don't forget that the Spring Equinox is the date when Mithras killed the
Bull to save manking. You can thank to Deus Mithras with the following
prayer:
"Mithras Sol Invictus, Deus rupe natus, gratias agimus tibi.
Tu nos servasti aeternali sanguine fuso."
The Spring Equinox also bears important dates for other Mystery cults. For
example Cybele and Attis:
15 March - The "reed bearers" enter and a six year old bull is sacrificed.
22 March (yesterday...oops!)- A pine is felled representing the death of the
god. The acolytes and initiates proceed to the Temple of Cybele with the
sacred pine bearing the effigy of the god in its branches. The tree is laid
to rest at the Temple of Cybele.
24 March - The "day of blood". The sacred pine tree and an effigy of Attis
is buried in a tomb and a day of mourning, fasting, sexual abstinence,
self-flagellation and self-mutilation commemorating the Mother's grief
follows. The High Priest playing the part of Attis draws blood from his arm
and offers it as a substitute for a human sacrifice. That night the tomb is
found brightly illuminated but empty, the god having risen on the third day.
Initiates undertake the Mysteries and are baptised in bull's blood at the
Taurobolium to wash away their sins whereupon they are "born again". They
then become ecstatic and frenzied and recruits to the priesthood, castrate
themselves in imitation of the god.
25 March - Hilaria: the resurrection of Attis and the onset of spring is
celebrated with a sacramental meal and a day of joy and feasting. Those who
castrated themselves become Gallicocksdress in women's clothes and wear
perfumed oils.
26 March - A quiet day of rest and recovery;
27 March - The conclusion of the festival with a procession in which the
statue of the goddess, meteorite embedded in her brow, is majestically
carried to her temple and a series of religious dramas and entertainments
follows.
Valete omnes
Antonius Gryllus Graecus
Aedile Plebis et Propraetor Provinciae Lusitaniae
|
| Subject: |
Re: The Senate In Republican Rome |
| From: |
<a href="/post/novaroma?protectID=045232113165042200148200112241225012177026038196249130152150" >jmath669642reng@--------</a> (James Mathe--------/td>
|
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 12:25:17 -0500 (EST) |
|
Salve, R. Merullo;
You are quite welcome my friend. I thought it was about time for
something besides argument, and these are at least educational. I
suppose they are not as detailed as they might be, but this is a
learning experience for me, and certainly is of great interest. I think
though between the Legions, the Navy, Engineering / Architechture, and
Politics, I am about tapped out. I will have to rely on others to get
the word out.
Respectfully and with all the best;
Marcus Mincius Audens
Fair Winds and Following Seas!!!
|
| Subject: |
[Fwd: London Conference 7 May 1999: Stoic Ethics (fwd)] |
| From: |
|
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 09:46:22 -0800 |
|
Stephen Clark wrote:
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> Date: Tue, 23 Mar 1999 14:17:59 +0000
> From: --------rar Ali <a href="/post/novaroma?protectID=061166235009146143033082190" >sali@--------</a>
> To: &-------- href="/post/novaroma?protectID=060073161029005143217197203064129208071" >PHILOS-L@--------&--------a>
>
> University of London School of Advanced Study Philosophy Programme
> Presents a One-Day Conference on
>
> STOIC ETHICS AND ITS LEGACIES
> 10.30 A.M. - 6.00 P.M, Friday 7 May 1999
> Senate House, London
>
> 10.30 Coffee and Registration
>
> 11.00 ANCIENT STOIC ETHICS
> Richard SORABJI (King's College London)
> Reply Jacques BRUNSCHWIG (University of Paris I)
>
> 12.45 Lunch (own arrangments)
>
> 2.00 STOIC ETHICS IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND RENAISSAINCE
> Martin STONE (King's College London) "Buridan and Seneca"
> Jan PAPY (Catholic University of Leuven) "Lipsius"
>
> 4.00 Tea
>
> 4.15 STOIC ETHICS AND MODERN MORAL PHILOSOPHY
> Lawrence BECKER (College of William and Mary)
> "The Stoic Theory of Emotion"
> Reply Anthony PRICE (Birkbeck College, London)
>
> 6.00 Close
>
> ______________________________________________________________________
> 7 M A Y P R I N T - O F F R E G I S T R A T I O N F O R M
>
> Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>
> Institution (if applicable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
>
> Telephone or Email (if you'd like confirmation) . . . . . . .
>
> FEE in pounds sterling (please highlight category below):
>
> 14 Standard
>
> 7 Retired, Unwaged, Students, Aristotelian Society,
> Society for Applied Philosophy, Philosophy Now subscribers
>
> 5 Current Staff and Students of the Philosophy Departments
> of the following Universities: Cambridge, Keele, Leeds,
> University of London, Nottingham, Oxford, Reading, Warwick OR
> Individual Philosophy Programme Subscribers
>
> Make cheque payable to "UNIVERSITY OF LONDON" and send to
>
> Philosophy Programme
> Senate House
> Malet Street
> London WC1E 7HU
>
> Enquirie-------- <a href="/po--------ovaroma?protectID=197015020078152209112242203219129208071" >philprog@--------</a>
> <a href="http://www.sas.ac.uk/Philosophy" target="_top" >http://www.sas.ac.uk/Philosophy</a>
> _________________________________________________________________
|
| Subject: |
Re: Perennial Campaigning? |
| From: |
|
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 16:56:29 -0800 |
|
>> Gangale said:
>> >
>> Meanwhile, it seems to me that
>> >the most straightforward way to discourage vile campaigning is to not elect
>> >vile candidates.
>>
>
Flavis Claudia said:
>> Kind of hard to tell who's vile. Nobody ever puts up campaign posters that say "Vote for Teddius Kennedus...He's the Scum of the Earth!"
>> What we need is an Exit Poll and a 1 to 10 Vileness Rating Scale, with 10 being, say, Attila the Hun or Pat Buchanan and 1 being that guy from
>>
>> Vermont who only spent $16 on his campaign for Congress and won anyway.
>
Here is what I said:
" Maybe if people started campaigning early some of the vileness of the last election's
campaigns [wouldn't develop]."
Not that it will stop anybody from shaping it to their own sense of humor.
I know things have been just too quite around here. There was even talk of pinky cups.
And pinky cups can lead to other types of cups, and there is no telling where that would lead.
NO. I am not telling. I said there was no telling and there isn't. Though I'm sure that there will
be "some people" trying to tell immediately, even if there is no telling. And why not?
It is a mystery. Simple. Eh?
C. Aelius Ericius
Postprepropraetor of the Strangest Province on the Planet [Period]
(If you don't believe me I will give a guided weird tour to anyone who foots the bill.)
(parenthetical post scriptum: I don't come cheap.)
|
| Subject: |
Planting Season on Mars |
| From: |
Gail and Thomas Gangale <a href="/post/novaroma?protectID=123166234108158153184218249036129208" >gangale@--------</a> |
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 18:14:33 -0800 (PST) |
|
Mars Pater, Mars Silvanus, august and vigilant protector of forests and
fields, Ave!
I have this day, the twenty-third in the month named for you, planted the
crops of the new year in soil which simulates the physical substance of the
planet named for you. Mars Pater, Mars Silvanus, I pray that you watch over
these crops. May they grow full and healthy. May their sustenance feed the
hopes and dreams of your twin peoples, they who call themselves Romans and
they who call themselves Martians, who gathered themselves together and
declared their existence in the past year. May they both grow numerous and
may their causes prosper. In the name of all your children I ask this.
Mars nos protegis! Ita est!
Thomas Gangale
Technical Coordinator, Northern California Chapter, Mars Society
Marcus Martianus Gangalius
Assistant to Quaestor Patricia Cassia, Nova Roma
-------------
Tom and Gail Gangale
<a href="/post/novaroma?protectID=123166234108158153184218249036129208" >gangale@--------</a>
<a href="http://www.jps.net/gangale/homepage.htm" target="_top" >http://www.jps.net/gangale/homepage.htm</a>
Mars Society California
The Martian Time Web Site
The Martian Ministry of Culture
Bunny Hill (and Catsville Too)
The National Primary System
World GenWeb Calabria
|
| Subject: |
Consules notice |
| From: |
|
| Date: |
Tue, 23 Mar 1999 23:47:46 -0500 |
|
Salvete Quirites Novae Romae
We would like to take this time to address the citizens to inform them of what projects are being worked on. Presently the Quaestores are forming a fiancial commitee to be able to keep the Senate informed so the the Senate will be able to begin and further projects and works, like the NovaRoma coins and the consideration of any tax. The Praetores Urbani and Senatrix F Claudia Juliana are forming an informal 'Law' commitee to perpare the way for the proposal of laws. The Senate along with other minor things is working on the formation of the Tribes and Comitiae so that voting will take place in accord with the constitution.
What we would like to see are organized contributions by the citizens. Citizens wishing to make proposals for laws or Senatus Consulta should organize themselves into committees and send a formal proposal to the Praetores Urbani for review for constitutional compatibility. These proposals would then either be returned for rework or forwarded on to the Consules for consideration or the Senate in the case of proposed Consulta. Or in the case of a proposed Sodalitas the proposal should be sent to the Consules to be brought to the Senate for approval.
Valete, Consules Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus et Decius Iunius Palladius
May the gods preserve the Senate and People of Nova Roma.
|
