Forum Romanum


Subject:	[novaroma] Peruvian Prexy Pagan???
From:	Steven - Piparskeggr <catamount_grange@-------->
Date:	Sun, 29 Jul 2001 20:08:09 -0500

Hail all,

Interesting development with Peru's new president.

http://dailynews.yahoo.com/htx/nm/20010729/wl/peru_leadall_dc_7.html

Excerpt:

Sunday July 29 8:52 PM ET

Peru's Toledo Thanks Gods in Machu Picchu Rite

By Tania Mellado

MACHU PICCHU, Peru (Reuters) - Heralded by traditional Andean panpipes
and Indians in red ponchos making music on sea shells, Peru's President
Alejandro Toledo followed in the footsteps of his Inca ancestors on
Sunday at a symbolic inauguration at the emblematic citadel of Machu
Picchu.

In a suit and flanked by dignitaries, including Chile's President
Ricardo Lagos, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and Spain's Prince
Felipe, the former shoeshine boy who prides himself on being Peru's
first elected leader of Andean Indian descent praised the site as ``the
glory of our past.''

``I have come to give thanks for the force and the courage that the
'Apus' (mountain gods) and the earth gave me,'' said Toledo, 55, a day
after vowing at his inauguration in Lima to be the president of Peru's
poor and honor its Andean culture.

--
=========================================
In Frith under Troth, may the Gods see you!
- Piparskeggr skjaldberi Ullar
AKA
- Piperbarbus Ullerius Venator

Quid quid latine dictum sit, altum videtur.
(That which is said in Latin sounds profound.)


Subject:	[novaroma] EDICTUM PROPRAETORICIUM DE REGULA PROVINCIAE HISPANIAE
From:	"salix" <salice@-------->
Date:	Sun, 29 Jul 2001 19:25:09 +0100

Marcus Salix Vigilius, Propraetor Hispaniae.

EDICTUM PROPRAETORICIUM DE REGULA PROVINCIAE HISPANIAE

Ex Officio Propraetoris Hispaniae

I. This edictum sets the standards by which the Provincia of Hispania
will be organized during my term in office. It can be admended in the
future by the edicta of the propraetor of Hispania, or by any lex or
edictum of superior rank, as ruled by the Constitutio Novae Romae.

II. The following officers and organisms shall form the official
government of the Provincia of Hispania. The use of the masculine form
in this document is solely for practical purpose; the equivalent
femenine form shall be used whenever appropriate.

A. Propraetor Hispaniae (excerpt from the Constitutio Novae Romae V.
C.)

"The Senate may, by Senatus Consultum, create provincia for
administrative purposes and to appoint provincial governors therefore.
The Senate may review each governor on a yearly basis and it remains in
the discretion of the Senate whether or not to prorogue such governors.
These governors may have assistants to handle the disbursements of any
funds that might come from the central government, as well as to manage
any local funds.

1. Governors shall have the following honours, powers, and obligations:

a. To hold imperium and have the honor of being preceeded by six
lictors
solely within the jurisdiction of their provincia;

b. To proclaim those edicta (edicts) necessary to engage in those tasks
which advance the mission and function of Nova Roma solely within the
jurisdiction of their provincia (such edicts being binding upon
themselves as well as others);

c. To manage the day-to-day organization and administration of their
provincia;

d. To appoint legati (legates) to administer sub-divisions of their
province with all of the authority of the governor and to remove the
same as they see fit;

e. To appoint scribae (clerks) to assist with administrative and other
tasks, as the governor shall see fit.

2. The titles for provincial governors are as follow:

a. Those currently serving as consuls or praetors shall go by their
normal title;

b. Consuls serving as governors whose term in office as consul has
expired, yet who are continuing in their role as governor, shall be
called proconsuls;

c. Praetors serving as governors whose term in office as praetor has
expired, yet who are continuing in their role as governor, as well as
those citizens whom the Senate shall appoint who are not currently
serving as consul or praetor shall be called propraetors."

B. Consilium Propraetoris

1. The Consilium Propraetoris shall consist of the Legati and Scribae
appointed by the Propraetor Hispaniae to help him in the organization
and day-to-day management of the Provincia, as stems from the
paragraphs V.C.1.d and V.C.1.e of the Constitutio Novae Romae (see
above). The members of the Consilum Propraetoris shall be collectively
referred to as Consiliarii in this document, and shall have different
titles which represent their function, although this titles will make
reference, in their definition, to their constitutional names of
"legatus" and "scriba".

2. The Consiliarii must provide the Propraetor Hispaniae with some
standard contact information (e-mail address and telephone number).
The Propraetor will keep records of this information, and ensure that
all Consiliores know how to contact the Propraetor and the other
Consiliarii. The primary method of administrative communication will be
via e-mail, with telephone being used when e-mail is not available.

3. The names of the Consiliarii will be displayed, with their
locations,
on the provincial website, with links to their e-mail addresses.
Prospective citizens and citizens will be encouraged to contact the
Consiliores as a line of first enquiry.

4. After their first appointment, the positions of the Consiliarii must
be reaffirmed each year on the first of January by the Propraetor, if
the Propraetor so decides. When a position in the Consilium becomes
open, or a new one is created by a propraetorial edictum, the
Propraetor shall invite all citizens of the Provincia to put themselves
forward as candidates for office. All citizens of Nova Roma shall be
eligible to stand for such office, although a working knowledge of
Spanish (as the official langauge of the Provincia) will be required.
The choice shall be at the Propraetor's discretion, to be determined by
any means deemed appropriate.
If the Propraetor deems it appropriate, he will wait to appoint a
Consiliarius until he finds a suitable person to appoint.

5. The Propraetor Hispaniae shall at all times retain the right of veto
over all actions of the Consiliarii. He also retains the right to
dismiss a certain Consiliarius at any time, provided he provides a
reason for the dismission.

6. All Consiliarii shall retain the right to resign from their
positions at any time, without penalty, provided they provide a reason
for their resignation.

7. The specific titles, functions and duties of each member of the
Consilium shall be defined by the Propraetor in future edicta.

8. Candidates for the Consilium Propraetoris should be aware that
participation in rites pertaining to the Religio Romana (the pagan
state religion of Nova Roma) might be required of them in the course of
their duties. Should such participation cause difficulties for
prospective Consiliarii, they are advised not to apply for the post.

9. All Consiliarii are asked to, within one week after the date of
their appointment, swear the public oath shown on
http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/lex99191002.html , using both their
Novoroman name and within parenthesis their macronational (real) name.
Observe that the Oath must include all the appointed positions of each
official. The Oath must be published on the Hispania List and on the
Nova Roma Main List, in English and in Spanish.

10. The Consiliarii are personally held responsable for their actions,
should they be contrary to the laws of Nova Roma or of the Kingdom of
Spain.

C. Curia Hispanica

1. The Propraetor shall create, by edictum, a provincial Curia, which
will provide "auxilium et consilium" to the provincial government. This
Curia shall be formed solely by citizens of Hispania.

2. The members of the Curia, from now on referred to as Decuriones,
shall have equal vote in the votations held in this organism. The
resolutions approved by the Decuriones through this votations shall be
referred to as Curiaeconsulta.

3. The composition of the Curia shall consist of the following:

1. The Propraetor Hispaniae
2. The Consiliarii Propraetoris Hispaniae
3. Those citizens of Hispania appointed to the Curia through the
means that the Curia itself shall establish and according to their
potential work at the service of the Provincia and the Res Publica.

4. The Propraetor recognizes by this edictum the Autoritas of the
Provincial Curia and compromises himself to act accordingly, presenting
his edicta for approval to the Curia, prior to enacting them. The
approval or disapproval of these edicta shall not be binding nor will
it question the Propraetor's ability to enact them; it will
solely serve as an exercise of auctoritas (as opposed to potestas). The
Propraetor will expressly announce those edicta that deserve the
approval of the Provincial Curia.

5. The Curia is free, through its Curiaeconsulta, to enact any rules
pertaining to its internal functioning. It can also collectively
present petitions and exortions to the Propraetor, the cives of
Hispania, and any particular civis of Nova Roma.

6. The affairs of the Curia will take place on the official Hispania
mailing list and on the official site of the Curia Hispanica at:
http://www.communityzero.com/nrhispania

D. Comitia Provincialia

1. The Propraetor can, at his own discretion, call the general
citizenry of Hispania to vote on any issue through an edictum that
states this call. The calling edictum shall define the way to handle
the votation.

2. The results of the vote of the Comitia Provincialis shall not be
binding to any one, including the Propraetor; their sole purpose is to
represent the will of the cives of Hispania about certain issues.

3. The Comitia can only be held in the days deemed appropriate for it
by the Pontifex Maximus of Nova Roma (dies comitiales).

E. Sacerdotes Provinciales

1. The Propraetor shall enact edicta regarding to the official
provincial cult.

2. The Propraetor shall appoint, by edict, priests to take care of the
provincial cult.

F. Official Mailing List

1. The official communication means of the provincial government shall
be the NRHispania mailing list at:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NRHispania

2. All propraetorial edicta shall be published there and on the Nova
Roma mail list.

3. All Curiaeconsulta and provincial comitial results shall be
published on the NRHispania list.

G. Official Web Site

1. The Propraetor shall create, through an edictum, an official web
site.

2. The location of this web site will be broadcasted by all possible
means.

III. This edictum becomes effective immediately.

Given on the IV kal. aug. a.u.c MMDCCLIV in the year of the consulship of Flavius
Vedius Germanicus and Marcus Cassius Iulianus, 2754 AUC.

Marcus Salix Vigilius, Propraetor Hispaniae.

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


Subject:	[novaroma] Nova Roma PUBLIC RITUAL 8/1/2001
From:	cassius622@--------
Date:	Sun, 29 Jul 2001 22:10:53 EDT

Salvete Omnes,

I am pleased to announce that a Public Ritual is being made available by the
Collegium Pontificum, so that interested Citizens may participate.

Wednesday, August 1st is sacred to Iuno, Spes (Hope), Victory, and Ceres. On
this day, members of the Collegium and the Nova Roma Priesthood will be doing
a Supplication Rite to these Goddesses. We invite those Citizens who are
interested in the Religio Romana to join us.

The idea is simple enough. Even though we are still separated by distance,
there is no reason why we cannot "share" a rite by performing it on the same
day.

I will be posting to the Religio Romana list before and after the ritual, and
ask that those who participate do the same. It will be interesting to compare
experiences! There is a part of the supplication rite which allows for
personal prayer and meditation, so everyone will hopefully have something
unique to discuss afterward.

I will be posting the text of the Supplication Rite after this message. The
rite itself was written by Pontiff Graecus - he's done a wonderful job of
creating a historically accurate ritual.

If anyone would like to participate in the rite, but would like to ask some
questions first, please do feel free to Email me privately and I'll be happy
to assist.

Valete,

Marcus Cassius Julianus

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


Subject:	[novaroma] (unknown)
From:	"Marcus Cassius Julianus" <cassius622@-------->
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 11:49:47 -0000

Salvete,

This Supplication ritual will be done by members of the Collegium
Pontificum and the NR Priesthood on Wednesday, August 1. The ritual
may be done at any time on that day. Prayers are given both in
English and in Latin, and may be done in either, (or in any other
language the participant prefers.)

I will be posting to the Religio Romana list before and after
performing this ritual, and hope others can do the same! Many thanks
to Pontiff Graecus for creating this rite, and I look forward to
sharing the experience of it with other Citizens!

8/1/2001

SUPPLICATION RITUAL TO IUNO, SPES, VICTORY, AND CERES

I. Preparation

Incense burner, if available. Prayers should be directed at the
Lararium (ideally with statuettes or pictures of Iuno, Spes, Victoria
and Ceres), or towards East if a Lararium is not available. Men may
hold laurel leaves and also adorn their heads with laurel or other
foliage. Women can let their hair loose, and during prayer they can
kneel and outstretch the arms if they feel prone to the idea.

II. Offering

On a supplication, prayers can be spoken freely, as each individual
asks his/her desired blessings, offering incense in return, and/or
reminding the goddesses that prayers are being said and thought. The
suppliant is kneeling, and/or reminding the deities that the Roman
people are pious and are showing their piety together in this
supplication, etc.. At this time people should concentrate on the
following blessings, and ask to one deity at a time. Those who are
too shy to pray aloud can also participate by praying in silence.

- To Iuno (goddess to whom the Kalends belong):
. To accept and favor this supplication of the Roman people of the
Quirites.
. To favor the senate and people of Roma.
. To favor the women and children of Roma and to favor the growth of
the nation.

- To Spes (Hope):
. To accept this supplication of the Roman people of the Quirites.
. To never fail the senate and people of Roma, independently of the
obstacles encountered.

- To Victoria (Victory)
. To accept this supplication of the Roman people of the Quirites.
. To never fail the senate and people of Roma.
. To guide the senate and the people of Rome to achieve their
objectives and be recognized as a nation with its land and temples.

- To Ceres (goddess of grain, equated with Tellus, the Earth)
. To accept this supplication of the Roman people of the Quirites.
. To favor the agriculture in all the Roman provinces.
. To favor the growth of the grain.

For those who wish to do it in Latin and/or in a more orderly
fashion, a supplication by the incense (ideally it should be incense
and wine) can be done as follows. The suppliants should again be
holding laurel leaves, and if possible be crowned with laurel or
other foliage.

1) Offering to Iuno

Before offering, say the following prayer:
"Iuno Regina, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, uti huius
supplicationis acceptrix sies; uti sies volens propitia senatui
populoque romano et utique faveas matribus liberisque populi romani."
"Iuno Regina, while offering this incense I pray good prayers so that
you may accept this supplication; may you be willingly propitious to
the senate and the people of Rome; and may you favor the mothers and
children of the Roman people."

Then light the incense or throw it to the fire of the hearth with the
following words:
"Harum rerum ergo macte hoc ture esto. Fito volente propitia populo
romano."
"For these things shall you be honoured by this incense. Make
yourself willingly propitious to the Roman people."

2) Offering to Spes

Before offering, say the following prayer:
"Spes, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, uti huius
supplicationis acceptrix sies; utique sies volens propitia senatui
populoque romano et nunquam desoles populum romanum."
"Spes, while offering this incense I pray good prayers so that you
may accept this supplication; may you be willingly propitious to the
senate and the people of Rome; and may you never abandon the Roman
people."

Then light the incense or throw it to the fire of the hearth with the
following words:
"Harum rerum ergo macte hoc ture esto. Fito volente propitia populo
romano." "For these things shall you be honored by this incense. Make
yourself willingly propitious to the Roman people."

3) Offering to Victoria

Before offering, say the following prayer:
"Victoria, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, uti huius
supplicationis acceptrix sies; uti sies volens propitia senatui
populoque romano; uti nunquam desoles populum romanum, immo auxilies
senatum populumque romanum construendo patriam romanam cum terra
aedibusque suis.
"Victoria, while offering this incense I pray good prayers so that
you may accept this supplication; may you be willingly propitious to
the senate and the people of Rome; may you never abandon the Roman
people, on the contrary may you guide the senate and the people of
Rome in building a Roman nation with its own land and its own
temples."

Then light the incense or throw it to the fire of the hearth with the
following words:
"Harum rerum ergo macte hoc ture esto. Fito volente propitia populo
romano." "For these things shall you be honored by this incense. Make
yourself willingly propitious to the Roman people."

4) Offering to Ceres

"Ceres, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, uti huius
supplicationis acceptrix sies; uti sies volens propitia senatui
populoque romano; uti agriculturae fautrix sies utique faveas
incremento farris in totis romanis provinciabus."
"Ceres, while offering this incense I pray good prayers so that you
may accept this supplication; may you be willingly propitious to the
senate and the people of Rome; may you be the patron of the
agriculture and may you promote the growth of the grain in all Roman
provinces."

Then light the incense or throw it to the fire of the hearth with the
following words: "Harum rerum ergo macte hoc ture esto. Fito volente
propitia populo romano."
"For these things shall you be honored by this incense. Make yourself
willingly propitious to the Roman people."


Subject:	[novaroma] AMERICA AUSTRORIENTALIS EDICTUM NUMBER SIX
From:	"L. Sicinius Drusus" <lsicinius@-------->
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 07:29:07 -0700 (PDT)

AMERICA AUSTRORIENTALIS EDICTUM NUMBER SIX

APPOINTMENT OF PRAEFECTUS REGIO

I, Lucius Sicinius Drusus, Propraetor America
Austrorientalis, issue the following Edictum to
appoint the Praefectus Regio (Legate) for the Magna
Flumen Regio of America Austrorientalis.

1. Gaius Popillius Laenas is appointed as Praefectus
Regio for the Magna Flumen Regio of America
Austrorientalis.

L. Sicinius Drusus,
Propraetor America Austrorientalis

__________________________________________________
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Subject:	Re: [novaroma] New Feature
From:	bsmith3121@--------
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 11:17:38 EDT

Salve,

Great website. It make me even more proud to be in this Regio!

Caius Titinius Varus


Subject:	[novaroma] Oath of Office
From:	ksterne@--------
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 15:21:22 -0000

I, Gaius Popillius Laenas (John Keith Sterne) do hereby solemnly
swear to uphold the honor of Nova Roma, and to act always in the best
interests of the people and the Senate of Nova Roma.

As a magistrate of Nova Roma, I, Gaius Popillius Laenas (John Keith
Sterne) swear to honor the Gods and Goddesses of Rome in my public
dealings, and to pursue the Roman Virtues in my public and private
life.

I, Gaius Popillius Laenas (John Keith Sterne) swear to uphold and
defend the Religio Romana as the State Religion of Nova Roma and
swear never to act in a way that would threaten its status as the
State Religion.

I, Gaius Popillius Laenas (John Keith Sterne) swear to protect and
defend the Constitution of Nova Roma.

I, Gaius Popillius Laenas (John Keith Sterne) further swear to
fulfill the obligations and responsibilities of the office of
Praefectus Regio (Legate) for the Magna Flumen Regio of America
Austrorientalis to the best of my abilities.

On my honor as a Citizen of Nova Roma, and in the presence of the
Gods and Goddesses of the Roman people and by their will and favor,
do I accept the position of Praefectus Regio (Legate) for the Magna
Flumen Regio of America Austrorientalis and all the rights,
privileges, obligations, and responsibilities attendant thereto.

Gaius Popillius Laenas


Subject:	[novaroma] The Comitia Centuriata is Convened
From:	"Flavius Vedius Germanicus" <germanicus@-------->
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 11:51:38 -0400

Flavius Vedius Germanicus novaromanis S.P.D.

By the authority vested in me by the Constitution of Nova Roma, and
according to the procedures of the Lex Vedia de Ratione Centuriatorum
Comitiorum, the People are hereby summoned in their respective Centuries to
vote on the laws set forth herein. May the Gods of Rome grant us wisdom.

The timing of the vote shall be thus (all times given in Roma time; subtract
6 hours to calculate Eastern time):

6 PM July 30: Contio/Discussion begins.
6 PM July 31: Deadline for exercise of nuntatio or intercessio.
6 PM August 7: Vote-casting begins.
6 PM August 24: Vote-casting ends.

Please note that this vote will be conducted using the old voting rules;
tied centuries are still a possibility. The rogatores and curator araneum
are reminded of this fact.

-----

ITEM I: LEX VEDIA DE RATIONE COMITIORUM CENTURIATORUM

I. The Lex Vedia de Ratione Eligium and Lex Vedia de Ratione Centuriatorum
Comitiorum are hereby rescinded as they apply to the election of magistrates
and the voting of leges by the Comitia Centuriata. This Lex Vedia de Ratione
Comitiorum Centuriatorum is hereby enacted to define the procedures by which
the Comitia Centuriata shall conduct the business of electing magistrates
and voting on leges.

II. Calling the Comitia to Order.
Either a Consul or Praetor may, as described in the Constitution, call the
Comitia to order, to hold a vote on a lex or leges, or to hold an election.
The magistrate who calls the Comitia to order shall be referred to herein as
the presiding magistrate.

A. This shall be done by making a public announcement announcing the call
in those public fora which shall have been designated for such purpose, in
which must be included:

1. The names of candidates for office and the office for which they are
running (when the Comitia is being called for an election);

2. The full text of any leges which are being voted on (when the Comitia
is being called to legislate);

3. The dates when the members of the Comitia shall begin and finish
voting;

4. Any special instructions that pertain to the mechanics of the vote,
if any.

B. The presiding magistrate shall have the responsibility for taking all
reasonable precautions to ensure that candidates for a vote hold whatever
qualifications are required by law. The Censors shall assist in such efforts
as to the best of their ability.

III. Timing of the vote.
A. The edictum containing the call to vote must be issued at least 192
hours (8 days) prior to the start of the vote. This period shall be known as
the Contio, and shall be used for formal discussion of the issues and/or
candidates before the People for vote.

B. During the Contio, the following conditions shall apply:

1. Those Constitutionally empowered to do so may exercise their powers
of intercessio or nuntiatio.

a. The exercise of intercessio shall cancel the vote or election
outright, although another call with the same items may be made at a later
date.

b. The exercise of nuntiatio shall extend the Contio, postponing the
start and end dates of the voting period by 24 hours, during which time
nuntiatio may again be exercised.

c. Should the exercise of nuntatio cause the voting period to move
such that it conflicts with calendarical restrictions as defined by the
Collegium Pontificum, the presiding magistrate may change or extend the
dates of the vote and/or contio at his discretion.

2. A member of the Collegium Augurum shall be invited by the presiding
magistrate to seek favorable auspices for the conduct of the vote, subject
to those rules and regulations the Collegium Augurum shall set forth by
decreta. Should the presiding magistrate himself be a member of the
Collegium Augurum, he may take the auspices for the vote himself.

C. The period between the start and end of the voting must last no less
than 192 hours (8 days).

D. The ability to vote during the voting period may be impacted and/or
suspended due to calendrical issues as enacted by decreta of the Collegium
Pontificum.

E. The rogatores shall tally the vote and shall deliver the results to the
presiding magistrate within 48 hours of the close of the voting period.

F. The presiding magistrate shall announce the results of the vote within
24 hours of receiving the results from the rogatores, in at least the same
venues as the original announcement calling the vote was published.

IV. Voting procedures.
A. The censors shall issue to each citizen a unique voter identification
code. This code shall be used to maintain anonymity in the voting process,
and to minimize the possibility of vote fraud. In a timely fashion prior to
the a vote, the censors shall make available to the rogatores a list of
valid voter identification codes and the centuries with which they are
associated. The rogatores shall not have access to the names of the citizens
associated with particular voter identification codes.

B. In consultation with the rogatores, the curator araneum shall make
available a cista; a secure web-based form to allow citizens to vote
directly through the official Nova Roma web site. This form shall record the
voter identification number and desired vote(s) of the individual. The
information thus collected will either be forwarded to the rogatores as it
is gathered, or at the end of the process, at their discretion. Alternative
methods of voting may be enacted by other legislation as required.

C. Each Citizen shall have the opportunity to vote for a single candidate
for each office for which a vacancy exists, regardless of the number of
vacancies within a given magistracy. Citizens may cast a vote for a
candidate not listed on the ballot, or may waive their right to cast a vote
for a given magistracy. Once cast, no vote may be altered, even with the
correct voter identification code. Should multiple votes be registered with
the same voter identification code, only the first one recorded shall be
used when tallying the vote.

V. Procedures for counting votes.
A. Votes shall be counted by centuries.

1. In the case of a magisterial election, each century shall cast a
number of votes equal to the number of vacancies for the magistracy in
question. Votes shall be assigned to those candidates who received votes by
members of the century, with those candidates receiving the most valid
individual votes receiving the century's vote first, then working down in
descending order until all the century's votes have been assigned.

EXAMPLE: Four candidates are running for Consul. Each century casts two
votes, because there are two vacant positions. In century III, there are 26
votes for candidate A, 32 votes for candidate B, 2 votes for candidate C,
and 13 votes for candidate D. The century's two votes are cast for
candidates A and B, since they received the two highest vote-totals within
the century.

2. In the case of a vote on a lex, each century shall vote in favor of
the lex if a majority of the votes received by members of the century are in
favor. Otherwise, the century shall be considered to have voted against the
proposed lex.

3. Should a tie occur within a given century, the winner shall be the
candidate who is a paterfamilias or materfamilias, or if such shall not
decide the issue, the winner shall be decided by lot. The rogatores may
decide how such decisions by lot shall be made in a fair manner.

B. A vote or election shall be decided by a majority of the centuries.

1. In the case of a magisterial election, candidates must receive votes
from at least 97 of the 193 centuries in order to win.

a. Should not enough candidates receive votes from at least 97 of the
193 centuries to fill all vacancies, a new election shall be called within
30 days from the end of the current election.

b. Should more candidates receive votes from at least 97 of the 193
centuries than there are vacancies, the winner shall be the candidate who is
a paterfamilias or materfamilias, or if such shall not decide the issue, the
winner shall be decided by lot. The rogatores may decide how such decisions
by lot shall be made in a fair manner.

2. In the case of a vote on a lex, 97 of the 193 centuries must vote in
favor for the lex to be adopted.

C. Votes may be tallied by automated means should the rogatores determine
such is preferable to, and at least as accurate as, a manual count.

D. Only the aggregate votes of the centuries shall be delivered to the
presiding magistrate; the votes of individual citizens shall be secret.

-----

ITEM II: LEX VEDIA DE PRIVATUS REBUS

The Lex Cornelia de Privatus Rebus is hereby amended to include the
following:

"Provincial governors, or their lawfully appointed assistants, may receive
confidential information, but only relating to those citizens within their
provincia, in accordance with the restrictions and procedures governing
release of such information for magistrates.

"Individual citizens may, at their express request, allow confidential
information of their choice to be made available and/or public, and may
rescind such permission as they see fit."

-----

Valete,

Flavius Vedius Germanicus,
Consul


Subject:	[novaroma] "Spolia Opima"
From:	"M Arminius Maior" <m_arminius@-------->
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 13:42:16 -0300

Salvete

I was reading about the life of M. Claudius Marcellus, or "The Sword of Rome", who was consul five times, fought Hannibal and took Siracusae.
It is said that, when he was consul for the first time, in 222 BC, that
he "fought the Insubres and won the "spolia opima", or "spoils of honour", the arms taken by a general who killed an enemy chief in single combat, for the third and last time in Roman history". [www.britannica.com].

My question is, who are the two others who won the "spolia opima" ?

M Arminius Maior

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Subject:	Re: [novaroma] Spolia Opima
From:	labienus@--------
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 12:14:21 US/Central

Salve M Armini

> I was reading about the life of M. Claudius Marcellus,...
> the Insubres and won the "spolia opima",... for the third and last
> time in Roman history". [www.britannica.com].
>
> My question is, who are the two others who won the "spolia opima" ?

The first was Romulus, who dedicated the spoils to Iuppiter Feretrius. I don't
remember off-hand who the second was, though I vaguely remember someone named
Cossus (Consus? Cassius? Crassus?) dedicating one to Mars prior to Numa
Pompillius' decree that the third should be dedicated to Quirinus.

Vale
T Labienus Fortunatus


Subject:	[novaroma] Re: "Spolia Opima"
From:	ksterne@--------
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 17:33:06 -0000

Salve Marce Armini,

I found this:

>>The importance to Augustus, as well as to the state, of his
monopolization of army loyalties is revealed in two suggestive
incidents in 27 BC, when the Augustan order was still in its infancy.
At this delicate time, M. Licinius Crassus, grandson of the great
Late Republican magnate, raised a serious problem for Augustus. As
governor of Macedonia he had undertaken successful campaigns south of
the Danube in 29-28 BC and had personally killed the enemy leader in
battle. In 27 BC, then, he was awarded a triumph but he went further:
he claimed the ancient honor of spolia opima ("the most honorable
spoils"), awarded to a Roman commander who had slain his counterpart
with his own hand. These honors, involving the dedication of the
enemy commander's captured panoply to Jupiter Feretrius, had only
been earned on three prior occasions in all of Roman history. Since
Crassus's claim to the spolia opima would have raised Crassus into
the uppermost echelons of military glory, it had the potential to
confuse the soldiers' loyalty toward Augustus. So Augustus blocked
the claim on a technicality. Crassus held his triumph and promptly
disappears from our records.

On the Crassus affair, see Dio 52.23.2-27.3; Livy 4.19-20 (the
previous awards of spolia opima were to A. Cornelius Cossus in the
late fifth century BC and M. Claudius Marcellus in 222 BC).<<

Based on soem things I saw looking for this info., I believe the
third was Romulus himself.

Hope this is helpful.

Vale,
Gaius Popillius Laenas


Subject:	Re: [novaroma] Re: "Spolia Opima"
From:	QFabiusMaxmi@--------
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 14:40:14 EDT

Salvete
The honor, involved the dedication of the dead enemy ARMY commander's
captured arms to Iuppiter the weapons bestower in his Temple in Rome,
happened four times. The first was The first was Romulus the founder, A.
Cornelius Cossus around 590 BCE, M. Claudius Marcellus in 222 BCE. A Marcus
Crassius in 27 BCE claimed the fourth, but it was determined that he had not
killed the army commander and just had to be content with an ovation. The
fact that Crassius was related to that rich fool that got beaten and killed
by the Parthians might have something to do with that.

Valete
Q. Fabius Maximus

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]


Subject:	Re: [novaroma] The Comitia Centuriata is Convened
From:	Gnaeus Salix Astur <salixastur@-------->
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 14:16:26 -0700 (PDT)

Salvete hispanici.

El consul ha convocado a los Comitia Centuriata para votar. A
continuaci�n siguen los particulares.

--- Flavius Vedius Germanicus <germanicus@--------> wrote:
> Flavius Vedius Germanicus novaromanis S.P.D.
>
> By the authority vested in me by the Constitution of Nova Roma, and
> according to the procedures of the Lex Vedia de Ratione Centuriatorum
> Comitiorum, the People are hereby summoned in their respective
> Centuries to
> vote on the laws set forth herein. May the Gods of Rome grant us
> wisdom.
>
> The timing of the vote shall be thus (all times given in Roma time;
> subtract
> 6 hours to calculate Eastern time):
>
> 6 PM July 30: Contio/Discussion begins.
> 6 PM July 31: Deadline for exercise of nuntatio or intercessio.
> 6 PM August 7: Vote-casting begins.
> 6 PM August 24: Vote-casting ends.
>
> Please note that this vote will be conducted using the old voting
> rules;
> tied centuries are still a possibility. The rogatores and curator
> araneum
> are reminded of this fact.
>
> -----
>
> ITEM I: LEX VEDIA DE RATIONE COMITIORUM CENTURIATORUM
>
> I. The Lex Vedia de Ratione Eligium and Lex Vedia de Ratione
> Centuriatorum
> Comitiorum are hereby rescinded as they apply to the election of
> magistrates
> and the voting of leges by the Comitia Centuriata. This Lex Vedia de
> Ratione
> Comitiorum Centuriatorum is hereby enacted to define the procedures
> by which
> the Comitia Centuriata shall conduct the business of electing
> magistrates
> and voting on leges.
>
> II. Calling the Comitia to Order.
> Either a Consul or Praetor may, as described in the Constitution,
> call the
> Comitia to order, to hold a vote on a lex or leges, or to hold an
> election.
> The magistrate who calls the Comitia to order shall be referred to
> herein as
> the presiding magistrate.
>
> A. This shall be done by making a public announcement announcing
> the call
> in those public fora which shall have been designated for such
> purpose, in
> which must be included:
>
> 1. The names of candidates for office and the office for which
> they are
> running (when the Comitia is being called for an election);
>
> 2. The full text of any leges which are being voted on (when the
> Comitia
> is being called to legislate);
>
> 3. The dates when the members of the Comitia shall begin and
> finish
> voting;
>
> 4. Any special instructions that pertain to the mechanics of the
> vote,
> if any.
>
> B. The presiding magistrate shall have the responsibility for
> taking all
> reasonable precautions to ensure that candidates for a vote hold
> whatever
> qualifications are required by law. The Censors shall assist in such
> efforts
> as to the best of their ability.
>
> III. Timing of the vote.
> A. The edictum containing the call to vote must be issued at least
> 192
> hours (8 days) prior to the start of the vote. This period shall be
> known as
> the Contio, and shall be used for formal discussion of the issues
> and/or
> candidates before the People for vote.
>
> B. During the Contio, the following conditions shall apply:
>
> 1. Those Constitutionally empowered to do so may exercise their
> powers
> of intercessio or nuntiatio.
>
> a. The exercise of intercessio shall cancel the vote or
> election
> outright, although another call with the same items may be made at a
> later
> date.
>
> b. The exercise of nuntiatio shall extend the Contio,
> postponing the
> start and end dates of the voting period by 24 hours, during which
> time
> nuntiatio may again be exercised.
>
> c. Should the exercise of nuntatio cause the voting period to
> move
> such that it conflicts with calendarical restrictions as defined by
> the
> Collegium Pontificum, the presiding magistrate may change or extend
> the
> dates of the vote and/or contio at his discretion.
>
> 2. A member of the Collegium Augurum shall be invited by the
> presiding
> magistrate to seek favorable auspices for the conduct of the vote,
> subject
> to those rules and regulations the Collegium Augurum shall set forth
> by
> decreta. Should the presiding magistrate himself be a member of the
> Collegium Augurum, he may take the auspices for the vote himself.
>
> C. The period between the start and end of the voting must last no
> less
> than 192 hours (8 days).
>
> D. The ability to vote during the voting period may be impacted
> and/or
> suspended due to calendrical issues as enacted by decreta of the
> Collegium
> Pontificum.
>
> E. The rogatores shall tally the vote and shall deliver the results
> to the
> presiding magistrate within 48 hours of the close of the voting
> period.
>
> F. The presiding magistrate shall announce the results of the vote
> within
> 24 hours of receiving the results from the rogatores, in at least the
> same
> venues as the original announcement calling the vote was published.
>
> IV. Voting procedures.
> A. The censors shall issue to each citizen a unique voter
> identification
> code. This code shall be used to maintain anonymity in the voting
> process,
> and to minimize the possibility of vote fraud. In a timely fashion
> prior to
> the a vote, the censors shall make available to the rogatores a list
> of
> valid voter identification codes and the centuries with which they
> are
> associated. The rogatores shall not have access to the names of the
> citizens
> associated with particular voter identification codes.
>
> B. In consultation with the rogatores, the curator araneum shall
> make
> available a cista; a secure web-based form to allow citizens to vote
> directly through the official Nova Roma web site. This form shall
> record the
> voter identification number and desired vote(s) of the individual.
> The
> information thus collected will either be forwarded to the rogatores
> as it
> is gathered, or at the end of the process, at their discretion.
> Alternative
> methods of voting may be enacted by other legislation as required.
>
> C. Each Citizen shall have the opportunity to vote for a single
> candidate
> for each office for which a vacancy exists, regardless of the number
> of
> vacancies within a given magistracy. Citizens may cast a vote for a
> candidate not listed on the ballot, or may waive their right to cast
> a vote
> for a given magistracy. Once cast, no vote may be altered, even with
> the
> correct voter identification code. Should multiple votes be
> registered with
> the same voter identification code, only the first one recorded shall
> be
> used when tallying the vote.
>
> V. Procedures for counting votes.
> A. Votes shall be counted by centuries.
>
> 1. In the case of a magisterial election, each century shall cast
> a
> number of votes equal to the number of vacancies for the magistracy
> in
> question. Votes shall be assigned to those candidates who received
> votes by
> members of the century, with those candidates receiving the most
> valid
> individual votes receiving the century's vote first, then working
> down in
> descending order until all the century's votes have been assigned.
>
> EXAMPLE: Four candidates are running for Consul. Each century
> casts two
> votes, because there are two vacant positions. In century III, there
> are 26
> votes for candidate A, 32 votes for candidate B, 2 votes for
> candidate C,
> and 13 votes for candidate D. The century's two votes are cast for
> candidates A and B, since they received the two highest vote-totals
> within
> the century.
>
> 2. In the case of a vote on a lex, each century shall vote in
> favor of
> the lex if a majority of the votes received by members of the century
> are in
> favor. Otherwise, the century shall be considered to have voted
> against the
> proposed lex.
>
> 3. Should a tie occur within a given century, the winner shall be
> the
> candidate who is a paterfamilias or materfamilias, or if such shall
> not
> decide the issue, the winner shall be decided by lot. The rogatores
> may
> decide how such decisions by lot shall be made in a fair manner.
>
> B. A vote or election shall be decided by a majority of the
> centuries.
>
> 1. In the case of a magisterial election, candidates must receive
> votes
> from at least 97 of the 193 centuries in order to win.
>
> a. Should not enough candidates receive votes from at least 97
> of the
> 193 centuries to fill all vacancies, a new election shall be called
> within
> 30 days from the end of the current election.
>
> b. Should more candidates receive votes from at least 97 of the
> 193
> centuries than there are vacancies, the winner shall be the candidate
> who is
> a paterfamilias or materfamilias, or if such shall not decide the
> issue, the
> winner shall be decided by lot. The rogatores may decide how such
> decisions
> by lot shall be made in a fair manner.
>
> 2. In the case of a vote on a lex, 97 of the 193 centuries must
> vote in
> favor for the lex to be adopted.
>
> C. Votes may be tallied by automated means should the rogatores
> determine
> such is preferable to, and at least as accurate as, a manual count.
>
> D. Only the aggregate votes of the centuries shall be delivered to
> the
> presiding magistrate; the votes of individual citizens shall be
> secret.
>
> -----
>
> ITEM II: LEX VEDIA DE PRIVATUS REBUS
>
> The Lex Cornelia de Privatus Rebus is hereby amended to include the
> following:
>
> "Provincial governors, or their lawfully appointed assistants, may
> receive
> confidential information, but only relating to those citizens within
> their
> provincia, in accordance with the restrictions and procedures
> governing
> release of such information for magistrates.
>
> "Individual citizens may, at their express request, allow
> confidential
> information of their choice to be made available and/or public, and
> may
> rescind such permission as they see fit."
>
> -----
>
> Valete,
>
> Flavius Vedius Germanicus,
> Consul
>
>
> ------------------------ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor
>
>
>
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>

=====
Bene Valete in Pace Deorum!
Gnaeus Salix Astur.
Scriba ad Res Externas Academiae Thules.

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Subject:	Re: [novaroma] The Comitia Centuriata is Convened
From:	Gnaeus Salix Astur <salixastur@-------->
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 14:16:17 -0700 (PDT)


Subject:	[novaroma] thanks
From:	lollia4@--------
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 20:09:45 -0000

salvete!

I would like to thank all people who answered to me, and in
particular Manius Constantinius Serapio, who often send to me
messages to help me in understanding the life of Nova Roma and the
contacts with people!
thanks to you all! valete, Clodia.


Subject:	[novaroma] Re: The Comitia Centuriata is Convened
From:	"Robert Woolwine" <alexious@-------->
Date:	Mon, 30 Jul 2001 23:51:34 -0000

> -----
>
> ITEM II: LEX VEDIA DE PRIVATUS REBUS
>
> The Lex Cornelia de Privatus Rebus is hereby amended to include the
> following:
>
> "Provincial governors, or their lawfully appointed assistants, may
receive
> confidential information, but only relating to those citizens
within their
> provincia, in accordance with the restrictions and procedures
governing
> release of such information for magistrates.
>
> "Individual citizens may, at their express request, allow
confidential
> information of their choice to be made available and/or public, and
may
> rescind such permission as they see fit."

Ave,

As Censor, let me comment on this revision. I believe that the Lex
Cornelia de Privatus Rebus needs to be altered to give governors
confidential information. However, I am very concerned in letting
Legates petition and gain access to this information. I am concerned
for the following reasons.

1. Legates are not appointed by the People NOR the Senate of Nova
Roma. Their only check is a governor, and given that some legates
might have a very active governor..or not an active governor this
holds potential confidentiality issues.

2. Legates are not oath binding magistrates. They are not bound to
anyone except the governor. This is a precarious situation, by
relasing confidential information. We have already seen Oath Binding
magistrates violate their oath without a second thought. I am very
hesistant about releasing private and confidential information to
individuals who might not in essence be accountable to anyone. I say
this given the fact that some of our governors have disappeared after
being appointed as governor.

Once again, I state, that I believe that there needs to be revision
in this. However, this proposed law goes way too far. Give the
authority to the Governor. He/She has Imperium. Legates do not have
Imperium.

Respectfully,

Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Censor of Nova Roma