Choosing a Roman name - Revision history

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 18:01, 2 November 2023

2023-11-02T18:01:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:01, 2 November 2023
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	We encourage you to choose a personal, unique name to identify you, and to express your Roman identity, unique and indivitual to you. '''Please study this article diligently before you apply for citizenship.'''		We encourage you to choose a personal, unique name to identify you, and to express your Roman identity, unique and indivitual to you. '''Please study this article diligently before you apply for citizenship.'''

−	The [[~~censores~~ (Nova Roma)\|''''Censorial Office''']] will approve any Roman name that follows the characteristics of [[Roman name\|classical Roman naming conventions]], but we also highly encourage you to follow the ancient practice of the new citizens of the old Roman Empire, who, upon receiving Roman citizenship, latinized their own original foreign name to make it part of their Roman name. [[Choosing_a_Roman_name#Latinizing your own name\|'''Latinizing your native name''']] to make it your [[cognomen]] is '''the most Roman thing to do''': please [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com ask help from us] and we will latinize your original name.	+	The [[censor (Nova Roma)\|'''Censorial Office''']] will approve any Roman name that follows the characteristics of [[Roman name\|classical Roman naming conventions]], but we also highly encourage you to follow the ancient practice of the new citizens of the old Roman Empire, who, upon receiving Roman citizenship, latinized their own original foreign name to make it part of their Roman name. [[Choosing_a_Roman_name#Latinizing your own name\|'''Latinizing your native name''']] to make it your [[cognomen]] is '''the most Roman thing to do''': please [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com ask help from us] and we will latinize your original name.

	The name you choose is the name you will be known by in Nova Roma '''forever''', because '''name change will not be allowed''' after the 90 days of probationary citizenship period has ended; so '''choose carefully and seriously'''. These pages, and other articles on our website, contain information to help you.		The name you choose is the name you will be known by in Nova Roma '''forever''', because '''name change will not be allowed''' after the 90 days of probationary citizenship period has ended; so '''choose carefully and seriously'''. These pages, and other articles on our website, contain information to help you.

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: updated reference to Censorial Office instead of censors

2023-07-21T18:58:26Z

updated reference to Censorial Office instead of censors

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: Undo revision 54645 by Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (talk)

2020-11-23T19:22:35Z

Undo revision 54645 by Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (talk)

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:22, 23 November 2020
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	{{LanguageBar \| Choosing a Roman name}}		{{LanguageBar \| Choosing a Roman name}}
−	~~<div style="font-variant:small-caps;border:thin dotted #2d0f69;background-color:#efeff3">~~	+	{{Censores}}
−	~~[[Image:Proto-Final-PrincepsSenatus-logo.png]] '''~~{{~~GlobalText\|~~	+
−	~~EN=This page is maintained under authority of the\|~~	+
−	~~PT=Esta página é mantida sob a autoridade dos\|~~	+
−	~~FR=Cette page est maintenue sous l'autorité des\|~~	+
−	~~ES=Esta página es mantenida bajo de la autoridad de los\|~~	+
−	}} ~~{{Global\|Princeps senatus (Nova Roma)\|Princeps senatus}}.''' {{GlobalText\|~~	+
−	~~EN=Make no unauthorized changes\|~~	+
−	~~PT=Faça só alterações autorizadas\|~~	+
−	~~FR=Aucune modifiction ne doit y être apportée sans autorisation consulaire préalable\|~~	+
−	~~ES=No hacer cambios sin su autorización\|~~	+
−	~~}}.</div>~~	+
−		+
	The system of [[Roman name]]s was unique and distinctive in the ancient world. A foreigner becoming a Roman citizen took a new Roman name as a mark of citizenship. In [[Nova Roma]], too, we ask that you choose a Roman name when you become a citizen.		The system of [[Roman name]]s was unique and distinctive in the ancient world. A foreigner becoming a Roman citizen took a new Roman name as a mark of citizenship. In [[Nova Roma]], too, we ask that you choose a Roman name when you become a citizen.

Gnaeus Iulius Caesar: Due to SCU prospective citizens and granting of citizenship now under the jurisdiction of the Senate

2018-04-20T08:56:27Z

Due to SCU prospective citizens and granting of citizenship now under the jurisdiction of the Senate

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:56, 20 April 2018
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	{{LanguageBar \| Choosing a Roman name}}		{{LanguageBar \| Choosing a Roman name}}
−	{{~~Censores~~}}	+	<div style="font-variant:small-caps;border:thin dotted #2d0f69;background-color:#efeff3">
		+	[[Image:Proto-Final-PrincepsSenatus-logo.png]] '''{{GlobalText\|
		+	EN=This page is maintained under authority of the\|
		+	PT=Esta página é mantida sob a autoridade dos\|
		+	FR=Cette page est maintenue sous l'autorité des\|
		+	ES=Esta página es mantenida bajo de la autoridad de los\|
		+	}} {{Global\|Princeps senatus (Nova Roma)\|Princeps senatus}}.''' {{GlobalText\|
		+	EN=Make no unauthorized changes\|
		+	PT=Faça só alterações autorizadas\|
		+	FR=Aucune modifiction ne doit y être apportée sans autorisation consulaire préalable\|
		+	ES=No hacer cambios sin su autorización\|
		+	}}.</div>
		+
	The system of [[Roman name]]s was unique and distinctive in the ancient world. A foreigner becoming a Roman citizen took a new Roman name as a mark of citizenship. In [[Nova Roma]], too, we ask that you choose a Roman name when you become a citizen.		The system of [[Roman name]]s was unique and distinctive in the ancient world. A foreigner becoming a Roman citizen took a new Roman name as a mark of citizenship. In [[Nova Roma]], too, we ask that you choose a Roman name when you become a citizen.

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 22:55, 18 October 2017

2017-10-18T22:55:11Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:55, 18 October 2017
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	There are only a small number of ''praenomina'' in ordinary use. These are used by the vast majority of Novi Romani, as they were by the vast majority of ancient Romans. There are also some rarer ''praenomina'', most of them very old ones. If you have some good reason to want a rare ''praenomen'', you may be allowed to have one, but such requests are very rarely granted and must be personally authorized by the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censor]]. We strongly recommend that you choose one of the standard ones.		There are only a small number of ''praenomina'' in ordinary use. These are used by the vast majority of Novi Romani, as they were by the vast majority of ancient Romans. There are also some rarer ''praenomina'', most of them very old ones. If you have some good reason to want a rare ''praenomen'', you may be allowed to have one, but such requests are very rarely granted and must be personally authorized by the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censor]]. We strongly recommend that you choose one of the standard ones.

−	Even if it will be an important part of your ''Romanitas'', we shall note that you will almost never be called by your ''praenomen''. It was used only within family, and in society it served to indicate politeness when adding before the rest of the name (similarly to the function of "Mr" and "Mrs" today). What's more, '''women don't use their ''praenomen'' at all''', except in extremely formal situations.	+	Even if it will be an important part of your ''Romanitas'', we shall note that you will almost never be called by your ''praenomen''. It was used only within family, and in society it served to indicate politeness when adding before the rest of the name (similarly to the function of "Mr" and "Mrs" today). What's more, '''women don't use their ''praenomen'' at all''', except in extremely formal situations when you must pronounce your entire official name.

	When choosing a Roman name you are advised to try to find out whether any particular traditions are followed within the ''gens'' you wish to join. This can be done, for example, by contacting existing members and by looking at information about [[:Category:Gentes (Nova Roma)\|''gentes'']] on this website.		When choosing a Roman name you are advised to try to find out whether any particular traditions are followed within the ''gens'' you wish to join. This can be done, for example, by contacting existing members and by looking at information about [[:Category:Gentes (Nova Roma)\|''gentes'']] on this website.

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: more on female names

2017-10-18T22:52:35Z

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: added summary

2015-09-25T19:32:21Z

added summary

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:32, 25 September 2015
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	==''Cognomen''==		==''Cognomen''==

−	{{:Cognomen}}	+	{{:Cognomen}}

	*Read more about [[cognomen\|''cognomina'' in ancient Rome]].		*Read more about [[cognomen\|''cognomina'' in ancient Rome]].

	Almost everyone has a ''cognomen'', and it is difficult to distinguish different families within a ''gens'' unless ''cognomina'' are used. However, strictly speaking, ''cognomina'' are not compulsory. If you don't choose one when you first apply for citizenship, you will still be able to add one later.		Almost everyone has a ''cognomen'', and it is difficult to distinguish different families within a ''gens'' unless ''cognomina'' are used. However, strictly speaking, ''cognomina'' are not compulsory. If you don't choose one when you first apply for citizenship, you will still be able to add one later.
		+
		+	The Censorial Office will accept only authentic Roman ''cognomina'', which does not mean that you may not use "innovations". New words, that were never used as ''cognomina'' in ancient Rome, will also be accepted if they follow the characteristics of the genuine Roman ''cognomina''. What words can be, then, accepted as your cognomen?
		+	:'''1.''' '''Attested ancient Roman ''cognomina''''' from the Roman republican period;
		+	:'''2.''' '''Latin words'''
		+	:::'''a)''' describing your '''geographical or ethnic origin''';
		+	:::'''b)''' describing your '''occupation''';
		+	:::'''c)''' describing your '''physical or personality traits''': these must be, according to the principles of Roman cognomina, '''objective''' rather than subjective, '''concrete''' rather than abstract, and '''neutral or insulting''' rather than complimentary.
		+	:'''3.''' '''Latinization of your native (real) name''': this happens with the help of the Onomastic Advisory Board of the Censorial Office, consisting of Latinists, and they will give you the '''etymologically correct and researched latinization of your real name'''.

	Some suggestions before you start thinking on your cognomen:		Some suggestions before you start thinking on your cognomen:

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: more on cognomina

2013-01-15T12:29:28Z

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 14:22, 11 January 2013

2013-01-11T14:22:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:22, 11 January 2013
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	The name you choose is the name you will be known by in Nova Roma '''forever''', because '''name change will not be allowed''' after the 90 days of probationary citizenship period has ended; so '''choose carefully and seriously'''. These pages, and other articles on our website, contain information to help you.		The name you choose is the name you will be known by in Nova Roma '''forever''', because '''name change will not be allowed''' after the 90 days of probationary citizenship period has ended; so '''choose carefully and seriously'''. These pages, and other articles on our website, contain information to help you.

−	If, '''after reading ~~this~~''', you have any more questions, please [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com contact the ''censores''].	+	If, '''after reading everything below''', you have any more questions, please [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com contact the ''censores''].
	<div style="float:left; padding: 0em 1em 0em 0em">__TOC__</div>		<div style="float:left; padding: 0em 1em 0em 0em">__TOC__</div>
	===Before you start selecting the name===		===Before you start selecting the name===

	Before you would start thinking about the perfect Roman name for you, take into consideration that Nova Roma pays special attention to real family structure and Roman family system. Individual family branches, called '''''domús''''', within the '''''[[gens (Nova Roma)\|gens]]''''', are distinguished by the '''''[[nomen]]-[[cognomen]]'' combination'''. If you like a certain nomen-cognomen combination, you should check it in our [http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album ''Album Civium''] if the same nomen-cognomen combination has already been taken by others. If it's already taken, you will have to request the family's approval that they acknowledge you as their relative. Nova Roman families usually welcome new members into their ''domus'', but you might not want to belong to a virtual cousinhood. Therefore it's advisable to choose a nomen-cognomen combination that has not yet been taken, and to start your own ''domus''. '''[[gens (Nova Roma)\|Learn more...]]'''		Before you would start thinking about the perfect Roman name for you, take into consideration that Nova Roma pays special attention to real family structure and Roman family system. Individual family branches, called '''''domús''''', within the '''''[[gens (Nova Roma)\|gens]]''''', are distinguished by the '''''[[nomen]]-[[cognomen]]'' combination'''. If you like a certain nomen-cognomen combination, you should check it in our [http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album ''Album Civium''] if the same nomen-cognomen combination has already been taken by others. If it's already taken, you will have to request the family's approval that they acknowledge you as their relative. Nova Roman families usually welcome new members into their ''domus'', but you might not want to belong to a virtual cousinhood. Therefore it's advisable to choose a nomen-cognomen combination that has not yet been taken, and to start your own ''domus''. '''[[gens (Nova Roma)\|Learn more...]]'''
		+
		+	If you have '''your family members joining''' Nova Roma, please make sure so that '''your father, brother or sister''' take the same Roman family name, the '''''[[nomen]]-[[cognomen]]'' combination''' as you, but '''your mother''' takes a '''different Roman family name''' than you. If you are a father, your children take the same Roman family name, but if you are a mother, make sure your children take your husband's Roman family name (or if he isn't a citizen, a Roman family name that could be your husband's if he were a citizen).
		+
		+	Another important thing to keep in mind is that Roman wives did not take their husbands' name: so, '''if you have a married name''' (a family name or surname adopted upon marriage) '''you should not take it into account''' when you search for your Roman name, but '''you always have to latinize or romanize your maiden name''' (your name before marriage).

	<br style="clear:both"/>		<br style="clear:both"/>
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	{{:Roman name}}		{{:Roman name}}
	*Read more about [[Roman name\|names in ancient Rome]].		*Read more about [[Roman name\|names in ancient Rome]].
		+
		+	=== Roman family name ===
		+
		+	While the '''''[[praenomen]]''''' can be understood as the equivalent of modern '''first name''', the '''''[[nomen]]-[[cognomen]]'' combination''' represents the '''Roman surname or family name'''. This is a bit more complex than our modern surnames, because your Roman family name must have two parts: the ''nomen'' and the ''cognomen''. The ''nomen'' is the name of your '''''[[gens (Nova Roma)\|gens]]''''', the ''cognomen'' differentiates your family's branch or lineage within the gens. This ''nomen-cognomen'' combination makes up your Roman family name, or, more correctly, your ''domus'' (lineage or branch). '''[[gens (Nova Roma)\|Learn more...]]'''

	==''Praenomen''==		==''Praenomen''==
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	If you choose this option, you can use either your first name or your surname, or both. If you use both, they will be put in reverse order. For example, Robert Grant would take the ''cognomina'' '''Grandis Robertus'''. This is because in a Roman name the second ''cognomen'' is more individual than the first.		If you choose this option, you can use either your first name or your surname, or both. If you use both, they will be put in reverse order. For example, Robert Grant would take the ''cognomina'' '''Grandis Robertus'''. This is because in a Roman name the second ''cognomen'' is more individual than the first.

−	If you would like to use a Latin form of your own name, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|~~''censores''~~]] will work with you to find the appropriate form.	+	If you would like to use a Latin form of your own name, the Onomastic Advisory Board of the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censorial Office]] will work with you to find the appropriate form if you [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com contact the ''censores''].

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 12:24, 14 November 2012

2012-11-14T12:24:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:24, 14 November 2012
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	{{Template:Roman name articles}}		{{Template:Roman name articles}}
	{{:Roman name}}		{{:Roman name}}
−		+	*Read more about [[Roman name\|names in ancient Rome]].
−	Read more about [[Roman name\|names in ancient Rome]].	+

	==''Praenomen''==		==''Praenomen''==
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	{{:Praenomen}}		{{:Praenomen}}

−	Read more about [[Praenomen\|''praenomina'' in ancient Rome]].	+	*Read more about [[Praenomen\|''praenomina'' in ancient Rome]].

	There are only a small number of ''praenomina'' in ordinary use. These are used by the vast majority of Novi Romani, as they were by the vast majority of ancient Romans. There are also some rarer ''praenomina'', most of them very old ones. If you have some good reason to want a rare ''praenomen'', you may be allowed to have one, but such requests are very rarely granted and must be personally authorized by the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censor]]. We strongly recommend that you choose one of the standard ones.		There are only a small number of ''praenomina'' in ordinary use. These are used by the vast majority of Novi Romani, as they were by the vast majority of ancient Romans. There are also some rarer ''praenomina'', most of them very old ones. If you have some good reason to want a rare ''praenomen'', you may be allowed to have one, but such requests are very rarely granted and must be personally authorized by the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censor]]. We strongly recommend that you choose one of the standard ones.
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	{{:Nomen}}		{{:Nomen}}

−	Read more about [[nomen\|''nomina'' in ancient Rome]].	+	*Read more about [[nomen\|''nomina'' in ancient Rome]].

	In ancient times a new citizen would almost always join an existing ''gens'', and similarly in Nova Roma we ask you to choose a ''nomen'' from a closed list. '''Many ancient Roman ''nomina'' which are not listed here may also be acceptable.''' If you want to use a ''nomen'' which is not on this list, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|''censores'']] will consider your request (please read about [[:Category:Unhistorical_Gentes\|Unhistorical or Unattested Gentes]]).		In ancient times a new citizen would almost always join an existing ''gens'', and similarly in Nova Roma we ask you to choose a ''nomen'' from a closed list. '''Many ancient Roman ''nomina'' which are not listed here may also be acceptable.''' If you want to use a ''nomen'' which is not on this list, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|''censores'']] will consider your request (please read about [[:Category:Unhistorical_Gentes\|Unhistorical or Unattested Gentes]]).
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	{{:Cognomen}}		{{:Cognomen}}

−	Read more about [[cognomen\|''cognomina'' in ancient Rome]].	+	*Read more about [[cognomen\|''cognomina'' in ancient Rome]].

	Almost everyone has a ''cognomen'', and it is difficult to distinguish different families within a ''gens'' unless ''cognomina'' are used. However, strictly speaking, ''cognomina'' are not compulsory. If you don't choose one when you first apply for citizenship, you will still be able to add one later.		Almost everyone has a ''cognomen'', and it is difficult to distinguish different families within a ''gens'' unless ''cognomina'' are used. However, strictly speaking, ''cognomina'' are not compulsory. If you don't choose one when you first apply for citizenship, you will still be able to add one later.
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	===How many names?===		===How many names?===

−	As a general rule, the more formal the context, the more names are used. The use of all three (or more) names is very formal. Calling someone '''M. Tullius Cicero''' is roughly equivalent to calling someone '''Mr Robert James Grant, Esquire'''.	+	As a general rule, the more formal the context, the more names are used. The use of all three (or more) names is very formal. Calling someone '''M. Tullius Cicero''' is roughly equivalent to calling someone '''Mr Robert James Grant, Esquire'''. Two names are normally enough to make it clear who you are talking to or about.
−		+
−	Two names are normally enough to make it clear who you are talking to or about. Using two names is formal and polite. Calling someone '''M. Tullius''' is roughly equivalent to calling someone '''Robert Grant''' or '''Mr Grant'''. When you mention someone for the first time in a speech or a letter, or when greeting someone, it is common to use two names.	+
−		+
−	Use of one name is relatively relaxed and informal. If you already in the middle of a conversation with someone, or in the middle of talking about someone, you might well call him by just one name, especially if you know him reasonably well. Calling someone '''Cicero''' is roughly equivalent to calling someone '''Robert'''. But in formal situations or when first mentioning someone, using only one name may be over-familiar and could be impolite.	+

	Which names you call someone by depends partly on how many names you are using.		Which names you call someone by depends partly on how many names you are using.

	====Two names====		====Two names====
		+
		+	Using two names is formal and polite. Calling someone '''M. Tullius''' is roughly equivalent to calling someone '''Robert Grant''' or '''Mr Grant'''. When you mention someone for the first time in a speech or a letter, or when greeting someone, it is common to use two names.

	When calling someone by two names, which names you use depends on the status of the person you're naming. If the person is a [[nobilis (Nova Roma)\|''nobilis'']], it is proper to call him by his ''praenomen'' and ''cognomen'', e.g. '''P. Scipio'''. If he is a [[homo novus (Nova Roma)\|''homo novus'']], one would normally call him by his ''praenomen'' and ''nomen'', e.g. '''M. Tullius'''. Most people in Nova Roma are ''homines novi'', so most people are normally called by their ''praenomen'' and ''nomen''.		When calling someone by two names, which names you use depends on the status of the person you're naming. If the person is a [[nobilis (Nova Roma)\|''nobilis'']], it is proper to call him by his ''praenomen'' and ''cognomen'', e.g. '''P. Scipio'''. If he is a [[homo novus (Nova Roma)\|''homo novus'']], one would normally call him by his ''praenomen'' and ''nomen'', e.g. '''M. Tullius'''. Most people in Nova Roma are ''homines novi'', so most people are normally called by their ''praenomen'' and ''nomen''.

	====One name====		====One name====
		+
		+	Use of one name is relatively relaxed and informal. If you already in the middle of a conversation with someone, or in the middle of talking about someone, you might well call him by just one name, especially if you know him reasonably well. Calling someone '''Cicero''' is roughly equivalent to calling someone '''Robert'''. But in formal situations or when first mentioning someone, using only one name may be over-familiar and could be impolite.

	When calling someone by only one name, it is normal to use the ''nomen'' or ''cognomen'' for males, and the ''nomen'' for females. A ''nobilis'' should always be called by his ''cognomen''. A ''homo novus'' is normally called by his ''nomen'' unless the frequency of this particular ''nomen'' would make it unclear who you are talking about. Where a person has more than one ''cognomen'', you should normally use the first one.		When calling someone by only one name, it is normal to use the ''nomen'' or ''cognomen'' for males, and the ''nomen'' for females. A ''nobilis'' should always be called by his ''cognomen''. A ''homo novus'' is normally called by his ''nomen'' unless the frequency of this particular ''nomen'' would make it unclear who you are talking about. Where a person has more than one ''cognomen'', you should normally use the first one.
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	Some modern Latin-speakers use "''dominus''" and "''domina''" as equivalents of English "Mr" and "Miss" or "Mrs". This is strongly discouraged. "''Dominus''" means "lord" or "master", and addressing someone in this way is very servile and grovelling. Expressing respect, honor and formality is possibly by the use of ''praenomen'' before the nomen or cognomen, as it has been described above in the section "'''Two names'''".		Some modern Latin-speakers use "''dominus''" and "''domina''" as equivalents of English "Mr" and "Miss" or "Mrs". This is strongly discouraged. "''Dominus''" means "lord" or "master", and addressing someone in this way is very servile and grovelling. Expressing respect, honor and formality is possibly by the use of ''praenomen'' before the nomen or cognomen, as it has been described above in the section "'''Two names'''".

−	Though Romans do not generally go in for titles in a big way, it is not uncommon to call a [[Consul (Nova Roma)\|~~Consul~~]] by the title "Consul", for example, especially when speaking in a political context or discussing business relevant to the office. Likewise one may call one's patron by the title "''patronus''".	+	Though Romans do not generally go in for titles in a big way, it is not uncommon to call a [[Consul (Nova Roma)\|consul]] by the title "Consul", for example, especially when speaking in a political context or discussing business relevant to the office. Likewise one may call one's patron by the title "''patronus''".
		+
		+	Most of the time people who know each other but are not especially close call each other by name, sometimes with "''mi''" (or "''mea''" for addressing a woman). Sometimes they will use brief descriptions, e.g. ''iuvenis'' (young man), ''amicus'' (friend), ''senex'' (old man).

−	Most of the time people who know each other but are not especially close call each other by name, sometimes with "''mi''" (see below). Sometimes they will use brief descriptions, e.g. ''iuvenis'' (young man), ''amicus'' (friend), ''senex'' (old man).	+	===More about using Roma names===

		+	*Read more about [[using Roman names\|how to use Roman names and addresses]].

	==References==		==References==

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:56, 20 April 2018
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	{{LanguageBar \| Choosing a Roman name}}		{{LanguageBar \| Choosing a Roman name}}
−	{{~~Censores~~}}	+	<div style="font-variant:small-caps;border:thin dotted #2d0f69;background-color:#efeff3">
		+	[[Image:Proto-Final-PrincepsSenatus-logo.png]] '''{{GlobalText\|
		+	EN=This page is maintained under authority of the\|
		+	PT=Esta página é mantida sob a autoridade dos\|
		+	FR=Cette page est maintenue sous l'autorité des\|
		+	ES=Esta página es mantenida bajo de la autoridad de los\|
		+	}} {{Global\|Princeps senatus (Nova Roma)\|Princeps senatus}}.''' {{GlobalText\|
		+	EN=Make no unauthorized changes\|
		+	PT=Faça só alterações autorizadas\|
		+	FR=Aucune modifiction ne doit y être apportée sans autorisation consulaire préalable\|
		+	ES=No hacer cambios sin su autorización\|
		+	}}.</div>
		+
	The system of [[Roman name]]s was unique and distinctive in the ancient world. A foreigner becoming a Roman citizen took a new Roman name as a mark of citizenship. In [[Nova Roma]], too, we ask that you choose a Roman name when you become a citizen.		The system of [[Roman name]]s was unique and distinctive in the ancient world. A foreigner becoming a Roman citizen took a new Roman name as a mark of citizenship. In [[Nova Roma]], too, we ask that you choose a Roman name when you become a citizen.

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:52, 18 October 2017
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	There are only a small number of ''praenomina'' in ordinary use. These are used by the vast majority of Novi Romani, as they were by the vast majority of ancient Romans. There are also some rarer ''praenomina'', most of them very old ones. If you have some good reason to want a rare ''praenomen'', you may be allowed to have one, but such requests are very rarely granted and must be personally authorized by the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censor]]. We strongly recommend that you choose one of the standard ones.		There are only a small number of ''praenomina'' in ordinary use. These are used by the vast majority of Novi Romani, as they were by the vast majority of ancient Romans. There are also some rarer ''praenomina'', most of them very old ones. If you have some good reason to want a rare ''praenomen'', you may be allowed to have one, but such requests are very rarely granted and must be personally authorized by the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censor]]. We strongly recommend that you choose one of the standard ones.
		+
		+	Even if it will be an important part of your ''Romanitas'', we shall note that you will almost never be called by your ''praenomen''. It was used only within family, and in society it served to indicate politeness when adding before the rest of the name (similarly to the function of "Mr" and "Mrs" today). What's more, '''women don't use their ''praenomen'' at all''', except in extremely formal situations.

	When choosing a Roman name you are advised to try to find out whether any particular traditions are followed within the ''gens'' you wish to join. This can be done, for example, by contacting existing members and by looking at information about [[:Category:Gentes (Nova Roma)\|''gentes'']] on this website.		When choosing a Roman name you are advised to try to find out whether any particular traditions are followed within the ''gens'' you wish to join. This can be done, for example, by contacting existing members and by looking at information about [[:Category:Gentes (Nova Roma)\|''gentes'']] on this website.
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	When calling someone by two names, which names you use depends on the status of the person you're naming. If the person is a [[nobilis (Nova Roma)\|''nobilis'']], it is proper to call him by his ''praenomen'' and ''cognomen'', e.g. '''P. Scipio'''. If he is a [[homo novus (Nova Roma)\|''homo novus'']], one would normally call him by his ''praenomen'' and ''nomen'', e.g. '''M. Tullius'''. Most people in Nova Roma are ''homines novi'', so most people are normally called by their ''praenomen'' and ''nomen''.		When calling someone by two names, which names you use depends on the status of the person you're naming. If the person is a [[nobilis (Nova Roma)\|''nobilis'']], it is proper to call him by his ''praenomen'' and ''cognomen'', e.g. '''P. Scipio'''. If he is a [[homo novus (Nova Roma)\|''homo novus'']], one would normally call him by his ''praenomen'' and ''nomen'', e.g. '''M. Tullius'''. Most people in Nova Roma are ''homines novi'', so most people are normally called by their ''praenomen'' and ''nomen''.
		+
		+	There is a difference in the use of female names: '''female ''praenomina'' are never used'''. If a woman is named by using two names, these must be the ''nomen'' and the ''cognomen'', never the ''praenomen''. In ancient Rome, women didn't have praenomina, or never used it. We know of only a handful of cases when they had, mostly Vestal Virgins, but Nova Roma decided to require the adoption of ''praenomen'' for our female citizens in order underline gender equality in our modern Roman commonwealth.

	====One name====		====One name====

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:29, 15 January 2013
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	*Read more about [[nomen\|''nomina'' in ancient Rome]].		*Read more about [[nomen\|''nomina'' in ancient Rome]].

−	In ancient times a new citizen would almost always join an existing ''gens'', and similarly in Nova Roma we ask you to choose a ''nomen'' from a closed list. '''Many ancient Roman ''nomina'' which are not listed here may also be acceptable.''' If you want to use a ''nomen'' which is not on this list, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|''censores'']] will consider your request (please read about [[:Category:Unhistorical_Gentes\|~~Unhistorical~~ or ~~Unattested Gentes~~]]).	+	In ancient times a new citizen would almost always join an existing ''gens'', and similarly in Nova Roma we ask you to choose a ''nomen'' from a closed list. '''Many ancient Roman ''nomina'' which are not listed here may also be acceptable.''' If you want to use a ''nomen'' which is not on this list, but it is attested in Roman sources, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|''censores'']] will consider [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com your request] (please read about [[:Category:Unhistorical_Gentes\|unhistorical or unattested ''gentes'']]).

	<br style="clear:both"/>		<br style="clear:both"/>
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	Almost everyone has a ''cognomen'', and it is difficult to distinguish different families within a ''gens'' unless ''cognomina'' are used. However, strictly speaking, ''cognomina'' are not compulsory. If you don't choose one when you first apply for citizenship, you will still be able to add one later.		Almost everyone has a ''cognomen'', and it is difficult to distinguish different families within a ''gens'' unless ''cognomina'' are used. However, strictly speaking, ''cognomina'' are not compulsory. If you don't choose one when you first apply for citizenship, you will still be able to add one later.

−	'''We do discourage taking typical ''cognomina'' of very popular and extremely famous Roman historical characters''' like	+	Some suggestions before you start thinking on your cognomen:
		+
		+	'''We discourage taking typical ''cognomina'' of very popular and extremely famous Roman historical characters''' like
	*'''Caesar, Cato, Cicero, Scipio, Sulla etc.'''		*'''Caesar, Cato, Cicero, Scipio, Sulla etc.'''
−	and '''some other popular nicely ringing names that are very much overused in ~~our community~~,''' like	+	and '''some other popular nicely ringing names that are very much overused in Roman communities,''' like
−	*'''Agricola, Agrippa, Aquila, Lupus, Marcellus, ~~Saturninus~~, Severus'''.	+	*'''Agricola, Agrippa, Aquila, Aquilinus, Corvus, Lupus, Marcellus, Metellus, Severus'''.
	'''You are encouraged to choose a unique name''' to identify '''you''', but the most Roman thing to do is to incorporate the [[Choosing_a_Roman_name#Latinising_your_own_name\|latinized]] version of your own name into your new Roman ''tria nomina'': [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com you can ask help from the censors here].		'''You are encouraged to choose a unique name''' to identify '''you''', but the most Roman thing to do is to incorporate the [[Choosing_a_Roman_name#Latinising_your_own_name\|latinized]] version of your own name into your new Roman ''tria nomina'': [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com you can ask help from the censors here].

	It is important to understand that a ''cognomen'' is not a way for you to express your innermost thoughts or aspirations, or to boast about your wonderful qualities. It is just a name.		It is important to understand that a ''cognomen'' is not a way for you to express your innermost thoughts or aspirations, or to boast about your wonderful qualities. It is just a name.

−	To help you choose a ''cognomen'', there is a list of ancient Roman ''cognomina'' below. But this is not a complete list - ~~the Romans often created new~~ ''cognomina''~~, and if~~ you want to have ~~one~~ which is not on the list we will be happy to discuss this with you. A ''cognomen'' used in the ancient republic will normally be acceptable ~~so long as it complies~~ with the ~~general characteristics noted above~~.	+	===Attested ancient Roman ''cognomina''===
		+
		+	To help you choose a ''cognomen'', there is a list of ancient Roman ''cognomina'' below. But this is not a complete list - there were thousands of other ''cognomina'' which aren't listed here. If you want to have an ancient Roman cognomen from the republican period which is not on the list below, we will be happy to discuss this with you. A ''cognomen'' used in the ancient republic will normally be acceptable except special or honorary ''cognomina''. Discuss your request [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com with the Censorial Office].
		+
		+	===Geographical or occupational ''cognomina''===

	Names referring to whole countries or [[Provincia (Nova Roma)\|provinces]] (e.g. '''Hispanus''', "man from Hispania") are not normally allowed because they are not distinctive enough: if everyone in Hispania were called '''Hispanus''', it would be very confusing! But such names may be appropriate if you live away from your native country (e.g. a citizen from Hispania living in America might be called '''Hispanus''').		Names referring to whole countries or [[Provincia (Nova Roma)\|provinces]] (e.g. '''Hispanus''', "man from Hispania") are not normally allowed because they are not distinctive enough: if everyone in Hispania were called '''Hispanus''', it would be very confusing! But such names may be appropriate if you live away from your native country (e.g. a citizen from Hispania living in America might be called '''Hispanus''').

−	If you would like to use a geographical or occupational ''cognomen'', the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|''censores'']] will work with you to find an appropriate ~~one~~.	+	If you would like to use a geographical or occupational ''cognomen'', the [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com Censorial Office will work with you] to find an appropriate one.
		+
		+	===Other Latin words===
		+
		+	The Romans often created new ''cognomina'', and so long as it complies with the [[Cognomen#Characteristics_of_cognomina\|general characteristics of ''cognomina'']] noted below, you are also entitled to request a new ''cognomen'' which wasn't used or isn't attested in ancient sources.
		+
		+	Many ordinary Latin nouns and adjectives can be used as ''cognomina''. Please make sure the Latin word you choose follows these characteristics of republican ''cognomina'': it must be objective rather than subjective, concrete rather than abstract, and neutral or insulting rather than complimentary. It can be an adjective describing physical or personality traits, occupation, place or ethnic of origin. Nouns may also became ''cognomen'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy metonymy], for example, instead of calling a small man Paullus ("Little"), he can take the ''cognomen'' Mus ("Mouse"), because a mouse is little. Among nouns, names of animals and plants (Lupus - wolf, Corvus - crow, Cicero - chick pea), objects, especially tools (Scipio - rod, Dolabella - hatchet, Malleolus - hammer) and parts of the body (Ahala - armpit, Barba - beard, Costa - rib) may be acceptable.
		+
		+	If there is some particular Latin word you would like to use as a ''cognomen'', or if you would like a ''cognomen'' with a particular meaning, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|''censores'']] will work with you to find an appropriate name. Write to the Censorial Office and [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com ask their assistance].
		+
		+	===Latinizing your own name===
		+
		+	Often when a foreigner became a Roman citizen in ancient times he would keep his old name as a ''cognomen'', adjusting it to make it easier for Latin-speakers to say and giving it a Latin ending. This is also a common option in Nova Roma.
		+
		+	If you choose this option, you can use either your first name or your surname, or both. If you use both, they will be put in reverse order. For example, Robert Grant would take the ''cognomina'' '''Grandis Robertus'''. This is because in a Roman name the second ''cognomen'' is more individual than the first.
		+
		+	If you would like to use a Latin form of your own name, the Onomastic Advisory Board of the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censorial Office]] will work with you to find the appropriate form if you [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com contact the ''censores''].

	===Multiple ''cognomina''===		===Multiple ''cognomina''===
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	In some cases it may be appropriate to have more than one ''cognomen''. This is normally only allowed where you use a Latinized form of your own name, but may also be appropriate if you are joining a family which contains a large number of people who all have the same ''nomen''		In some cases it may be appropriate to have more than one ''cognomen''. This is normally only allowed where you use a Latinized form of your own name, but may also be appropriate if you are joining a family which contains a large number of people who all have the same ''nomen''
	and ''cognomen''. If you think you have a good reason to want more than one ''cognomen'', the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|''censores'']] will discuss it with you.		and ''cognomen''. If you think you have a good reason to want more than one ''cognomen'', the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|''censores'']] will discuss it with you.
−
−	~~===Other Latin words===~~
−
−	Many ordinary Latin nouns and adjectives can be used as ''cognomina''. If there is some particular Latin word you would like to use as a ''cognomen'', or if you would like a ''cognomen'' with a particular meaning, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|''censores'']] will work with you to find an appropriate name. Write to the Censorial Office and [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com ask their assistance].

	===''Agnomina''===		===''Agnomina''===
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	{{TableOfCognomina}}		{{TableOfCognomina}}
	<br style="clear:both"/>		<br style="clear:both"/>
−
−	~~===Latinizing your own name===~~
−
−	Often when a foreigner became a Roman citizen in ancient times he would keep his old name as a ''cognomen'', adjusting it to make it easier for Latin-speakers to say and giving it a Latin ending. This is also a common option in Nova Roma.
−
−	If you choose this option, you can use either your first name or your surname, or both. If you use both, they will be put in reverse order. For example, Robert Grant would take the ''cognomina'' '''Grandis Robertus'''. This is because in a Roman name the second ''cognomen'' is more individual than the first.
−
−	If you would like to use a Latin form of your own name, the Onomastic Advisory Board of the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censorial Office]] will work with you to find the appropriate form if you [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com contact the ''censores''].

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:58, 21 July 2023
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	We encourage you to choose a personal, unique name to identify you, and to express your Roman identity, unique and indivitual to you. '''Please study this article diligently before you apply for citizenship.'''		We encourage you to choose a personal, unique name to identify you, and to express your Roman identity, unique and indivitual to you. '''Please study this article diligently before you apply for citizenship.'''

−	The [[censores (Nova Roma)\|''~~censores~~'']] will approve any Roman name that follows the characteristics of [[Roman name\|classical Roman naming conventions]], but we also highly encourage you to follow the ancient practice of the new citizens of the old Roman Empire, who, upon receiving Roman citizenship, latinized their own original foreign name to make it part of their Roman name. [[Choosing_a_Roman_name#Latinizing your own name\|'''Latinizing your native name''']] to make it your [[cognomen]] is '''the most Roman thing to do''': please [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com ask help from us] and we will latinize your original name.	+	The [[censores (Nova Roma)\|''''Censorial Office''']] will approve any Roman name that follows the characteristics of [[Roman name\|classical Roman naming conventions]], but we also highly encourage you to follow the ancient practice of the new citizens of the old Roman Empire, who, upon receiving Roman citizenship, latinized their own original foreign name to make it part of their Roman name. [[Choosing_a_Roman_name#Latinizing your own name\|'''Latinizing your native name''']] to make it your [[cognomen]] is '''the most Roman thing to do''': please [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com ask help from us] and we will latinize your original name.

	The name you choose is the name you will be known by in Nova Roma '''forever''', because '''name change will not be allowed''' after the 90 days of probationary citizenship period has ended; so '''choose carefully and seriously'''. These pages, and other articles on our website, contain information to help you.		The name you choose is the name you will be known by in Nova Roma '''forever''', because '''name change will not be allowed''' after the 90 days of probationary citizenship period has ended; so '''choose carefully and seriously'''. These pages, and other articles on our website, contain information to help you.

−	If, '''after reading everything below''', you have any more questions, please [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com contact the ''~~censores~~''].	+	If, '''after reading everything below''', you have any more questions, please [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com contact the ''Censorial Office''].
	<div style="float:left; padding: 0em 1em 0em 0em">__TOC__</div>		<div style="float:left; padding: 0em 1em 0em 0em">__TOC__</div>
	===Before you start selecting the name===		===Before you start selecting the name===
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	*Read more about [[Praenomen\|''praenomina'' in ancient Rome]].		*Read more about [[Praenomen\|''praenomina'' in ancient Rome]].

−	There are only a small number of ''praenomina'' in ordinary use. These are used by the vast majority of Novi Romani, as they were by the vast majority of ancient Romans. There are also some rarer ''praenomina'', most of them very old ones. If you have some good reason to want a rare ''praenomen'', you may be allowed to have one, but such requests are very rarely granted and must be personally authorized by the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|~~Censor~~]]. We strongly recommend that you choose one of the standard ones.	+	There are only a small number of ''praenomina'' in ordinary use. These are used by the vast majority of Novi Romani, as they were by the vast majority of ancient Romans. There are also some rarer ''praenomina'', most of them very old ones. If you have some good reason to want a rare ''praenomen'', you may be allowed to have one, but such requests are very rarely granted and must be personally authorized by the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censorial Office]]. We strongly recommend that you choose one of the standard ones.

	Even if it will be an important part of your ''Romanitas'', we shall note that you will almost never be called by your ''praenomen''. It was used only within family, and in society it served to indicate politeness when adding before the rest of the name (similarly to the function of "Mr" and "Mrs" today). What's more, '''women don't use their ''praenomen'' at all''', except in extremely formal situations when you must pronounce your entire official name.		Even if it will be an important part of your ''Romanitas'', we shall note that you will almost never be called by your ''praenomen''. It was used only within family, and in society it served to indicate politeness when adding before the rest of the name (similarly to the function of "Mr" and "Mrs" today). What's more, '''women don't use their ''praenomen'' at all''', except in extremely formal situations when you must pronounce your entire official name.
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	*Read more about [[nomen\|''nomina'' in ancient Rome]].		*Read more about [[nomen\|''nomina'' in ancient Rome]].

−	In ancient times a new citizen would almost always join an existing ''gens'', and similarly in Nova Roma we ask you to choose a ''nomen'' from a closed list. '''Many ancient Roman ''nomina'' which are not listed here may also be acceptable.''' If you want to use a ''nomen'' which is not on this list, but it is attested in Roman sources, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|~~''censores''~~]] will consider [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com your request] (please read about [[:Category:Unhistorical_Gentes\|unhistorical or unattested ''gentes'']]).	+	In ancient times a new citizen would almost always join an existing ''gens'', and similarly in Nova Roma we ask you to choose a ''nomen'' from a closed list. '''Many ancient Roman ''nomina'' which are not listed here may also be acceptable.''' If you want to use a ''nomen'' which is not on this list, but it is attested in Roman sources, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censorial Office]] will consider [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com your request] (please read about [[:Category:Unhistorical_Gentes\|unhistorical or unattested ''gentes'']]).

	<br style="clear:both"/>		<br style="clear:both"/>
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	and '''some other popular nicely ringing names that are very much overused in Roman communities,''' like		and '''some other popular nicely ringing names that are very much overused in Roman communities,''' like
	*'''Agricola, Agrippa, Aquila, Aquilinus, Corvus, Lupus, Marcellus, Metellus, Severus'''.		*'''Agricola, Agrippa, Aquila, Aquilinus, Corvus, Lupus, Marcellus, Metellus, Severus'''.
−	'''You are encouraged to choose a unique name''' to identify '''you''', but the most Roman thing to do is to incorporate the [[Choosing_a_Roman_name#Latinising_your_own_name\|latinized]] version of your own name into your new Roman ''tria nomina'': [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com you can ask help from the ~~censors~~ here].	+	'''You are encouraged to choose a unique name''' to identify '''you''', but the most Roman thing to do is to incorporate the [[Choosing_a_Roman_name#Latinising_your_own_name\|latinized]] version of your own name into your new Roman ''tria nomina'': [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com you can ask help from the Censorial Office here].

	It is important to understand that a ''cognomen'' is not a way for you to express your innermost thoughts or aspirations, or to boast about your wonderful qualities. It is just a name.		It is important to understand that a ''cognomen'' is not a way for you to express your innermost thoughts or aspirations, or to boast about your wonderful qualities. It is just a name.
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	Many ordinary Latin nouns and adjectives can be used as ''cognomina''. Please make sure the Latin word you choose follows these characteristics of republican ''cognomina'': it must be objective rather than subjective, concrete rather than abstract, and neutral or insulting rather than complimentary. It can be an adjective describing physical or personality traits, occupation, place or ethnic of origin. Nouns may also became ''cognomen'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy metonymy], for example, instead of calling a small man Paullus ("Little"), he can take the ''cognomen'' Mus ("Mouse"), because a mouse is little. Among nouns, names of animals and plants (Lupus - wolf, Corvus - crow, Cicero - chick pea), objects, especially tools (Scipio - rod, Dolabella - hatchet, Malleolus - hammer) and parts of the body (Ahala - armpit, Barba - beard, Costa - rib) may be acceptable.		Many ordinary Latin nouns and adjectives can be used as ''cognomina''. Please make sure the Latin word you choose follows these characteristics of republican ''cognomina'': it must be objective rather than subjective, concrete rather than abstract, and neutral or insulting rather than complimentary. It can be an adjective describing physical or personality traits, occupation, place or ethnic of origin. Nouns may also became ''cognomen'' by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy metonymy], for example, instead of calling a small man Paullus ("Little"), he can take the ''cognomen'' Mus ("Mouse"), because a mouse is little. Among nouns, names of animals and plants (Lupus - wolf, Corvus - crow, Cicero - chick pea), objects, especially tools (Scipio - rod, Dolabella - hatchet, Malleolus - hammer) and parts of the body (Ahala - armpit, Barba - beard, Costa - rib) may be acceptable.

−	If there is some particular Latin word you would like to use as a ''cognomen'', or if you would like a ''cognomen'' with a particular meaning, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|~~''censores''~~]] will work with you to find an appropriate name. Write to the Censorial Office and [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com ask their assistance].	+	If there is some particular Latin word you would like to use as a ''cognomen'', or if you would like a ''cognomen'' with a particular meaning, the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|censorial scribes]] will work with you to find an appropriate name. Write to the Censorial Office and [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com ask their assistance].

	===Latinizing your own name===		===Latinizing your own name===
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	If you choose this option, you can use either your first name or your surname, or both. If you use both, they will be put in reverse order. For example, Robert Grant would take the ''cognomina'' '''Grandis Robertus'''. This is because in a Roman name the second ''cognomen'' is more individual than the first.		If you choose this option, you can use either your first name or your surname, or both. If you use both, they will be put in reverse order. For example, Robert Grant would take the ''cognomina'' '''Grandis Robertus'''. This is because in a Roman name the second ''cognomen'' is more individual than the first.

−	If you would like to use a Latin form of your own name, the Onomastic Advisory Board of the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censorial Office]] will work with you to find the appropriate form if you [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com contact the ~~''censores''~~].	+	If you would like to use a Latin form of your own name, the Onomastic Advisory Board of the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|Censorial Office]] will work with you to find the appropriate form if you [mailto:novaromacontact@gmail.com contact the Censorial Office].

	===Multiple ''cognomina''===		===Multiple ''cognomina''===

	In some cases it may be appropriate to have more than one ''cognomen''. This is normally only allowed where you use a Latinized form of your own name, but may also be appropriate if you are joining a family which contains a large number of people who all have the same ''nomen''		In some cases it may be appropriate to have more than one ''cognomen''. This is normally only allowed where you use a Latinized form of your own name, but may also be appropriate if you are joining a family which contains a large number of people who all have the same ''nomen''
−	and ''cognomen''. If you think you have a good reason to want more than one ''cognomen'', the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|~~''censores''~~]] will discuss it with you.	+	and ''cognomen''. If you think you have a good reason to want more than one ''cognomen'', the [[Censor (Nova Roma)\|censorial scribes]] will discuss it with you.

	===''Agnomina''===		===''Agnomina''===