Roman calendar - Revision history

Gaius Decius Laterensis: Removed outdated 'Related Products' section as the indicated product is no longer available.

2013-02-06T18:37:27Z

Removed outdated 'Related Products' section as the indicated product is no longer available.

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:37, 6 February 2013
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	[[Category:Roman religion]]		[[Category:Roman religion]]
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−	~~{{Commercial\|Gaius Curius Saturninus}}~~

M. Lucretius Agricola at 09:12, 1 June 2010

2010-06-01T09:12:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:12, 1 June 2010
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	The [[calendar]] used by Romans. Years are counted ''ab urbe condita (AUC)'', that is "from the founding of the city".		The [[calendar]] used by Romans. Years are counted ''ab urbe condita (AUC)'', that is "from the founding of the city".

−	Originally, the Roman calendar was what is now considered a lunisolar calendar<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar Wikipedia (English): Lunisolar Calendar]</ref>. It was intended to align with both the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, through the means of intercalation<ref>Scheid~~, John. ''An Introduction to Roman Religion''. ISBN 0253216605~~</ref>.	+	Originally, the Roman calendar was what is now considered a lunisolar calendar<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar Wikipedia (English): Lunisolar Calendar]</ref>. It was intended to align with both the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, through the means of intercalation<ref>{{Scheid}}</ref>.

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: "Special days" is inappropriate, since they're the general characters found; reference to page 'Roman dates' is already listed at end of page; commented missing image.

2010-02-10T20:09:42Z

"Special days" is inappropriate, since they're the general characters found; reference to page 'Roman dates' is already listed at end of page; commented missing image.

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:09, 10 February 2010
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	Originally, the Roman calendar was what is now considered a lunisolar calendar<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar Wikipedia (English): Lunisolar Calendar]</ref>. It was intended to align with both the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, through the means of intercalation<ref>Scheid, John. ''An Introduction to Roman Religion''. ISBN 0253216605</ref>.		Originally, the Roman calendar was what is now considered a lunisolar calendar<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar Wikipedia (English): Lunisolar Calendar]</ref>. It was intended to align with both the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, through the means of intercalation<ref>Scheid, John. ''An Introduction to Roman Religion''. ISBN 0253216605</ref>.

−	~~The Roman calendar operated through the use of three main days (the Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides), in reference to which all [[Roman_dates\|dates]] were given.~~

	===The Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides===		===The Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides===

−	~~''See Also:~~ [[~~Roman~~ dates]]''	+	The Roman calendar operated through the use of three main days (the Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides), in reference to which all [[Roman_dates\|dates]] were given.

	====The Kalends====		====The Kalends====
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	The Ides, also, were always ''dies Nefasti Publici'', given their permanent status as Feriae Iovi, without exception.		The Ides, also, were always ''dies Nefasti Publici'', given their permanent status as Feriae Iovi, without exception.

−	==~~Special days~~ in the ~~calendar~~==	+	==Character of Days in the Calendar==

−	These are the rules which are pronounced by the [[Pontifex (Nova Roma)\|pontifices]], and breaking them is nefas (though it may sometimes be expiated).	+	These are the rules which are pronounced by the [[Pontifex (Nova Roma)\|pontifices]], and breaking them is ''nefas'' (though it may sometimes be expiated).

	===Dies fasti [F]===		===Dies fasti [F]===
−	[[Image:Roman-calendar-sample.gif\|thumb\|300px\|right\|Section of a Roman-style calendar. Market Days are indicated with <span style="color:#ff0000">'''red lettering'''</span>.]]	+	<!-- [[Image:Roman-calendar-sample.gif\|thumb\|300px\|right\|Section of a Roman-style calendar. Market Days are indicated with <span style="color:#ff0000">'''red lettering'''</span>.]] -->
	*ordinary citizens may do anything;		*ordinary citizens may do anything;
	*the ''comitia tributa'', ''concilium plebis'', and ''comitia centuriata'' may not be convened;		*the ''comitia tributa'', ''concilium plebis'', and ''comitia centuriata'' may not be convened;
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	''[[Nundinae]]'' were originally market-days, held every eighth day, on which Romans came into the city to trade and do business. On Roman calendars the days were given nundinal letters (A to H) to help people see when the next market-day would be. The markets were held on a different day each year.		''[[Nundinae]]'' were originally market-days, held every eighth day, on which Romans came into the city to trade and do business. On Roman calendars the days were given nundinal letters (A to H) to help people see when the next market-day would be. The markets were held on a different day each year.

−	==~~Vide~~==	+	==Additional reading==

	[[Roman dates]]		[[Roman dates]]
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	[[Feriae]]		[[Feriae]]

−	==~~References~~==	+	==Notes==

	<references/>		<references/>

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: divide into sub-sections

2009-09-28T18:56:18Z

divide into sub-sections

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:56, 28 September 2009
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	''See Also: [[Roman dates]]''		''See Also: [[Roman dates]]''
		+
		+	====The Kalends====

	The Kalends (''Kalendae''), which was always the first day of the month, was sacred to [[Iuno]]. The first of the month, following the lunar part of the calendar's operation, was the day following the appearance of the New Moon. On this day, the Rex Sacrorum, together with a pontifex minor, offered a sacrifice to Iuno, and announced the date of the coming Nones, which fell on the day after the First Quarter.		The Kalends (''Kalendae''), which was always the first day of the month, was sacred to [[Iuno]]. The first of the month, following the lunar part of the calendar's operation, was the day following the appearance of the New Moon. On this day, the Rex Sacrorum, together with a pontifex minor, offered a sacrifice to Iuno, and announced the date of the coming Nones, which fell on the day after the First Quarter.
		+
		+	====The Nones====

	The Nones (''Nonae''), falling on either the fifth or seventh day of the month, came the day after the First Quarter of the lunar cycle. On this day, the [[Rex sacrorum\|Regina Sacrorum]] offered to Iuno at the Regia either a lamb or a pig <ref>Lesley and Roy Adkins. "Nones", ''Dictionary of Roman Religion''. ISBN 0195142330</ref>, after which the [[feriae]] for the entire month were announced. Before the Nones of any given month (with the exception of the [[Poplifugium]]), no feriae publicae were held.		The Nones (''Nonae''), falling on either the fifth or seventh day of the month, came the day after the First Quarter of the lunar cycle. On this day, the [[Rex sacrorum\|Regina Sacrorum]] offered to Iuno at the Regia either a lamb or a pig <ref>Lesley and Roy Adkins. "Nones", ''Dictionary of Roman Religion''. ISBN 0195142330</ref>, after which the [[feriae]] for the entire month were announced. Before the Nones of any given month (with the exception of the [[Poplifugium]]), no feriae publicae were held.
		+
		+	====The Ides====

	Lastly, the Ides (''Idus'') came, either on the thirteenth or fifteenth day of the month, on the day after the full moon. On this day, a sacrifice was given to [[Iuppiter]], for which reason it is commonly noted as ''Feriae Iovi'' in the ancient Fasti. From here, the Pontifices determined the number of days remaining until the next New Moon, which would restart the cycle.		Lastly, the Ides (''Idus'') came, either on the thirteenth or fifteenth day of the month, on the day after the full moon. On this day, a sacrifice was given to [[Iuppiter]], for which reason it is commonly noted as ''Feriae Iovi'' in the ancient Fasti. From here, the Pontifices determined the number of days remaining until the next New Moon, which would restart the cycle.

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: recat

2009-03-31T15:00:14Z

recat

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:00, 31 March 2009
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−	[[Category:~~Religio Romana~~]]	+	[[Category:Roman religion]]


	{{Commercial\|Gaius Curius Saturninus}}		{{Commercial\|Gaius Curius Saturninus}}

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: update ref

2009-02-08T05:04:47Z

update ref

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:04, 8 February 2009
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	*ordinary citizens may do anything;		*ordinary citizens may do anything;
	*proceedings of the ''comitia tributa'', ''concilium plebis'', and ''comitia centuriata'' are prohibited;		*proceedings of the ''comitia tributa'', ''concilium plebis'', and ''comitia centuriata'' are prohibited;
−	*exercise of their judicial functions by curule magistrates is prohibited<ref>Michels, Agnes Kirsopp. ''The Calendar of the Roman Republic.''</ref>	+	*exercise of their judicial functions by curule magistrates is prohibited<ref>Michels, Agnes Kirsopp. ''The Calendar of the Roman Republic.'' Princeton UP, 1967.</ref>

	===Dies nefasti publici [NP]===		===Dies nefasti publici [NP]===

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: clarify and add references

2009-02-05T05:16:48Z

clarify and add references

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:16, 5 February 2009
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	The [[calendar]] used by Romans. Years are counted ''ab urbe condita (AUC)'', that is "from the founding of the city".		The [[calendar]] used by Romans. Years are counted ''ab urbe condita (AUC)'', that is "from the founding of the city".

−	Originally, the Roman calendar was what is now considered a lunisolar calendar<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar Wikipedia (English): Lunisolar Calendar]</ref>. It was intended to align with both the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, through the means of intercalation<ref>Scheid, John. ~~<u>~~An Introduction to Roman Religion~~</u>. Bloomington, IN, USA: Indiana UP, 2003~~. ISBN 0253216605</ref>.	+	Originally, the Roman calendar was what is now considered a lunisolar calendar<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunisolar_calendar Wikipedia (English): Lunisolar Calendar]</ref>. It was intended to align with both the lunar calendar and the solar calendar, through the means of intercalation<ref>Scheid, John. ''An Introduction to Roman Religion''. ISBN 0253216605</ref>.

	The Roman calendar operated through the use of three main days (the Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides), in reference to which all [[Roman_dates\|dates]] were given.		The Roman calendar operated through the use of three main days (the Kalends, the Nones, and the Ides), in reference to which all [[Roman_dates\|dates]] were given.
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	''See Also: [[Roman dates]]''		''See Also: [[Roman dates]]''

−	The Kalends (''Kalendae''), which was always the first day of the month, was sacred to [[Iuno]]. The first of the month, following the lunar part of the calendar's operation, was the day following the appearance of the New Moon. On this day, the Rex Sacrorum, together with a pontifex minor, offered a sacrifice to Iuno, and announced~~, by edict,~~ the date of the coming Nones, which fell on the day after the First Quarter.	+	The Kalends (''Kalendae''), which was always the first day of the month, was sacred to [[Iuno]]. The first of the month, following the lunar part of the calendar's operation, was the day following the appearance of the New Moon. On this day, the Rex Sacrorum, together with a pontifex minor, offered a sacrifice to Iuno, and announced the date of the coming Nones, which fell on the day after the First Quarter.

−	The Nones (''Nonae''), falling on either the fifth or seventh day of the month, came the day after the First Quarter of the lunar cycle. On this day, the [[Rex ~~Sacrorum~~\|Regina Sacrorum]] offered to Iuno at the Regia, after which the [[feriae]] for the entire month were announced. Before the Nones of any given month (with the exception of the [[Poplifugium]]), no feriae publicae were held.	+	The Nones (''Nonae''), falling on either the fifth or seventh day of the month, came the day after the First Quarter of the lunar cycle. On this day, the [[Rex sacrorum\|Regina Sacrorum]] offered to Iuno at the Regia either a lamb or a pig <ref>Lesley and Roy Adkins. "Nones", ''Dictionary of Roman Religion''. ISBN 0195142330</ref>, after which the [[feriae]] for the entire month were announced. Before the Nones of any given month (with the exception of the [[Poplifugium]]), no feriae publicae were held.

	Lastly, the Ides (''Idus'') came, either on the thirteenth or fifteenth day of the month, on the day after the full moon. On this day, a sacrifice was given to [[Iuppiter]], for which reason it is commonly noted as ''Feriae Iovi'' in the ancient Fasti. From here, the Pontifices determined the number of days remaining until the next New Moon, which would restart the cycle.		Lastly, the Ides (''Idus'') came, either on the thirteenth or fifteenth day of the month, on the day after the full moon. On this day, a sacrifice was given to [[Iuppiter]], for which reason it is commonly noted as ''Feriae Iovi'' in the ancient Fasti. From here, the Pontifices determined the number of days remaining until the next New Moon, which would restart the cycle.

−	The Ides, also, were always dies Nefasti Publici, given their permanent status as Feriae Iovi, without exception.	+	The Ides, also, were always ''dies Nefasti Publici'', given their permanent status as Feriae Iovi, without exception.

	==Special days in the calendar==		==Special days in the calendar==

−	These are the rules which are pronounced by the [[Pontifex (Nova Roma)\|pontifices]], and breaking them is nefas (though it ~~can~~ sometimes be expiated).	+	These are the rules which are pronounced by the [[Pontifex (Nova Roma)\|pontifices]], and breaking them is nefas (though it may sometimes be expiated).

	===Dies fasti [F]===		===Dies fasti [F]===
	[[Image:Roman-calendar-sample.gif\|thumb\|300px\|right\|Section of a Roman-style calendar. Market Days are indicated with <span style="color:#ff0000">'''red lettering'''</span>.]]		[[Image:Roman-calendar-sample.gif\|thumb\|300px\|right\|Section of a Roman-style calendar. Market Days are indicated with <span style="color:#ff0000">'''red lettering'''</span>.]]
	*ordinary citizens may do anything;		*ordinary citizens may do anything;
−	*~~magistrates may not hold a meeting of~~ the comitia tributa, concilium plebis, or comitia centuriata.	+	*the ''comitia tributa'', ''concilium plebis'', and ''comitia centuriata'' may not be convened;
	*curule magistrates may exercise their judicial functions.		*curule magistrates may exercise their judicial functions.

	===Dies comitiales [C]===		===Dies comitiales [C]===
−	*~~ordinary citizens may do anything;~~	+	*similar to ''dies fasti'', except that the ''comitia tributa'' and ''centuriata'', and the ''concilium plebis'' may be convened.
−	*magistrates may hold a meeting of the comitia tributa, concilium plebis~~, or comitia centuriata.~~	+
−	*curule magistrates may ~~exercise their judicial functions~~.	+

	===Dies nefasti [N]===		===Dies nefasti [N]===
	*ordinary citizens may do anything;		*ordinary citizens may do anything;
−	*~~magistrates may do anything except hold a meeting~~ of the comitia tributa, concilium plebis, or comitia centuriata~~, or~~ exercise their judicial functions.	+	*proceedings of the ''comitia tributa'', ''concilium plebis'', and ''comitia centuriata'' are prohibited;
		+	*exercise of their judicial functions by curule magistrates is prohibited<ref>Michels, Agnes Kirsopp. ''The Calendar of the Roman Republic.''</ref>

	===Dies nefasti publici [NP]===		===Dies nefasti publici [NP]===
−	*~~ordinary citizens may not commit~~ acts of physical violence~~, or begin lawsuits,~~ and ~~should try to avoid~~ quarrels (but robust and lively debate was acceptable);	+	*similar to ''dies nefasti'' with the following modifications:
−	*slaves are allowed the day off work;	+	**acts of physical violence and beginning of lawsuits are nefas;
−	*~~magistrates may do anything except hold a meeting of the comitia tributa, concilium plebis, or comitia centuriata, or exercise their judicial functions;~~	+	**quarrels should be avoided (but robust and lively debate was acceptable);
−	*ordinary citizens ~~may not do~~ any physical labour except what is urgently necessary and ~~can't~~ be postponed;	+	**slaves are allowed the day off work;
−	*the flamines and the rex sacrorum may not see anyone doing any physical labour, and may fine anyone they see doing physical labour.	+	**ordinary citizens should avoid any physical labour except what is urgently necessary and ca not be postponed;
		+	**the flamines and the rex sacrorum may not see anyone doing any physical labour, and may fine anyone they see doing physical labour.

	===Dies endotercisi [EN]===		===Dies endotercisi [EN]===

−	(also called ~~dies~~ ''intercisi'')	+	(also called ''dies intercisi'')
−	*same as dies nefasti in the morning;	+	*same as ''dies nefasti'' in the morning;
−	*same as dies fasti in the afternoon;	+	*same as ''dies fasti'' in the afternoon;
−	*same as dies nefasti in the evening.	+	*same as ''dies nefasti'' in the evening.

	===Dies fasti publici or principio [FP]===		===Dies fasti publici or principio [FP]===
	There are two interpretations of this designation presented by scholars. They are:		There are two interpretations of this designation presented by scholars. They are:
−	*as dies fasti principio:	+	*as ''dies '''fasti principio''''':
−	**same as dies fasti in the morning;	+	**same as ''dies fasti'' in the morning;
−	**same as dies nefasti in the afternoon and evening.	+	**same as ''dies nefasti'' in the afternoon and evening.
−	*as dies fasti publici:	+	*as ''dies '''fasti publici''''':
−	**same as dies nefasti publici.	+	**same as ''dies nefasti publici''.

	===Quando Rex Comitiavit fas [QRCF]===		===Quando Rex Comitiavit fas [QRCF]===
−	*same as dies nefasti until the rex sacrorum appears in the comitia;	+	*same as ''dies nefasti'' until the rex sacrorum appears in the comitia;
−	*same as dies fasti after that.	+	*same as ''dies fasti'' after that.

	===Quando Stercus Delatum fas [QSDF]===		===Quando Stercus Delatum fas [QSDF]===
−	*same as dies nefasti until the ~~Temple of~~ [[Vesta]] has been cleaned;	+	*same as ''dies nefasti'' until the [[Vesta\|Temple of Vesta]] has been cleaned;
−	*same as dies fasti after that.	+	*same as ''dies fasti'' after that.

	===Dies atri and dies religiosi (or vitiosi)===		===Dies atri and dies religiosi (or vitiosi)===
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	'''Dies atri:''' unlucky days;		'''Dies atri:''' unlucky days;

−	*try to avoid making journeys, starting new projects, or doing anything risky;	+	*one should try to avoid making journeys, starting new projects, or doing anything risky;
−	*certain ~~gods~~, including [[Iuppiter]] and [[Ianus]], ~~may~~ not be named.	+	*certain deities, including [[Iuppiter]] and [[Ianus]], should not be named.
	*these days are ill-omened to begin any new project, and any new project would necessarily begin by performing a rite calling for the assistance of the gods. Such religious rites, beginning something new, are not to be performed.		*these days are ill-omened to begin any new project, and any new project would necessarily begin by performing a rite calling for the assistance of the gods. Such religious rites, beginning something new, are not to be performed.
−	*~~Normal~~ work would still be performed on dies atri, and as part of performing any work one performs rites for the patron deities, geni locii, and other appropriate deities. Naturally enough, the daily routine is also performed before the [[lararium]].	+	*normal work would still be performed on dies atri, and as part of performing any work one performs rites for the patron deities, geni locii, and other appropriate deities. Naturally enough, the daily routine is also performed before the [[lararium]].

−	'''Dies religiosi (vitiosi):''' ~~like~~ dies atri~~, but less bad~~:	+	'''Dies religiosi (vitiosi):''' similar to ''dies atri'':
−	*no private religious rites ~~may~~ be performed, but public rites may, subject to the same exclusions as for ''dies atri'';	+	*no private religious rites should be performed, but public rites may, subject to the same exclusions as for ''dies atri'';
	*try to avoid making journeys, starting new projects, or doing anything risky.		*try to avoid making journeys, starting new projects, or doing anything risky.

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	<references/>		<references/>

−	~~; Dictionary of Roman Religion : (Lesley Adkins, Roy A. Adkins / Hardcover / Published 1995 / ISBN 0816030057).~~

	[[Category:Religio Romana]]		[[Category:Religio Romana]]

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus: navbox

2008-12-23T14:46:06Z

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−	{{LanguageBar\|Roman_calendar}}	+	{{LanguageBar\|Roman_calendar}}{{Calendar articles}}

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Caius Curius Saturninus at 08:06, 9 December 2008

2008-12-09T08:06:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:06, 9 December 2008
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	[[Category:Religio Romana]]		[[Category:Religio Romana]]
		+
		+
		+	{{Commercial\|Gaius Curius Saturninus}}

Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus at 09:55, 24 October 2008

2008-10-24T09:55:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:55, 24 October 2008
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−	~~{{Translate\|IT}}~~
−	~~{{Translate\|ES}}~~
−	~~{{Translate\|DE}}~~
−	~~{{Translate\|PT}}~~
−	~~{{Translate\|FR}}~~
−	~~{{Translate\|LA}}~~
−

	The [[calendar]] used by Romans. Years are counted ''ab urbe condita (AUC)'', that is "from the founding of the city".		The [[calendar]] used by Romans. Years are counted ''ab urbe condita (AUC)'', that is "from the founding of the city".