Declension

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! colspan="4" |O-Stem
 
! colspan="4" |O-Stem
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''terra, -ae, f''
+
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''terra, -ae, f''<br>land
−
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''tribúnus, -í, m''
+
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''tribúnus, -í, m''<br>tribune
−
! colspan="2" | n<br>''auspicium, -í, n''
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! colspan="2" | n<br>''auspicium, -í, n''<br>auspice
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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! colspan="4" |U-Stem
 
! colspan="4" |U-Stem
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''léx, légis, f''
+
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''léx, légis, f''<br>law
−
! colspan="2" | n<br>''iús, iúris, n''
+
! colspan="2" | n<br>''iús, iúris, n''<br>right
−
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''cívis, -is, mf''
+
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''cívis, -is, mf''<br>citizen
−
! colspan="2" | n<br>''mare, -is, n''
+
! colspan="2" | n<br>''mare, -is, n''<br>sea
−
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''senátus, -ús, m''
+
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''senátus, -ús, m''<br>senate
−
! colspan="2" | n<br>''cornú, -ús, n''
+
! colspan="2" | n<br>''cornú, -ús, n''<br>horn
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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|-
 
|-
 
! [[Ablative]]
 
! [[Ablative]]
−
| lég'''e'''|| '''–e'''|| iúr'''e'''|| '''–e'''||cív'''e'''|| '''–e'''||mar'''e''' ||'''–í'''||senát'''ú''' ||'''–ú''' ||corn'''ú''' ||'''–ú'''
+
| lég'''e'''|| '''–e'''|| iúr'''e'''|| '''–e'''||cív'''e'''|| '''–e'''||mar'''í''' ||'''–í'''||senát'''ú''' ||'''–ú''' ||corn'''ú''' ||'''–ú'''
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="1" |
 
! colspan="1" |
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! colspan="4" |E-Stem
 
! colspan="4" |E-Stem
 
|-
 
|-
−
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''diés, éí, m''
+
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''diés, éí, m''<br>day
 
|-
 
|-
 
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''

Revision as of 21:24, 2 March 2011

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Latin is an inflected language, and as such its nouns, pronouns, and adjectives must be declined in order to serve a grammatical function. A set of declined forms of the same word pattern is called a declension. There are five declensions, which are numbered and grouped by ending and grammatical gender.

This is a summary of the declension of Latin nouns.

Contents


The "-rum/-ís" declension-group

The first and second declensions have common characteristics:

First declension Second declension
A-Stem O-Stem
mf
terra, -ae, f
land 		mf
tribúnus, -í, m
tribune 		n
auspicium, -í, n
auspice
Singular Singular Singular
Nominative terra —— tribúnus —— auspicium ——
Accusative terram –am tribúnum –um auspicium ——
Genitive terrae –ae tribúní –í auspicií –í
Dative terrae –ae tribúnó –ó auspició –ó
Ablative terrá –á tribúnó –ó auspició –ó
Plural Plural Plural
Nominative terrae –ae tribúní –í auspicia –a
Accusative terrás –ás tribúnós –ós auspicia –a
Genitive terrárum –árum tribúnórum –órum auspiciórum –órum
Dative-
Ablative 		terrís –ís tribúnís –ís auspiciís –ís


The "-um/-bus" declension-group

The third and fourth declensions have common characteristics:


Third declension Fourth declension
Consonant Stem I-Stem U-Stem
mf
léx, légis, f
law 		n
iús, iúris, n
right 		mf
cívis, -is, mf
citizen 		n
mare, -is, n
sea 		mf
senátus, -ús, m
senate 		n
cornú, -ús, n
horn
Singular Singular Singular Singular Singular Singular
Nominative léx —— iús —— cívis —— mare —— senátus —— cornú ——
Accusative légem –em iús —— cívem –em mare —— senátum –um cornú ——
Genitive légis –is iúris –is cívis –is maris –is senátús –ús cornús –ús
Dative légí –í iúrí –í cíví –í marí –í senátuí –uí cornú –ú
Ablative lége –e iúre –e cíve –e marí –í senátú –ú cornú –ú
Plural Plural Plural Plural Plural Plural
Nominative-
Accusative 		légés –és iúra –a cívés –és maria –ia senátús –ús cornua –ua
Genitive légum –um iúrum –um cívium –ium marium –ium senátuum –uum cornuum –uum
Dative-
Ablative 		légibus –ibus iúribus –ibus cívibus –ibus maribus –ibus senátibus –ibus cornibus –ibus


The mixed declension ("-rum/-bus")

The fifth declension shares the characteristics of the other two groups:


Fifth declension
E-Stem
mf
diés, éí, m
day
Singular
Nominative diés ——
Accusative diem –em
Genitive-
Dative 		diéí –éí
Ablative dié –é
Plural
Nominative-
Accusative 		diés –és
Genitive diérum –érum
Dative-
Ablative 		diébus –ébus
Retrieved from "http://novaroma.org/nr/Declension"
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