http://novaroma.org/vici/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&feed=atom&deletedOnly=&limit=250&target=Quintus+Caecilius+Metellus+Pius+Postumianus&topOnly=NovaRoma - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T00:26:33ZFrom NovaRomaMediaWiki 1.17.0http://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Minucia_de_civitate_eiuranda_(Nova_Roma)Lex Minucia de civitate eiuranda (Nova Roma)2015-11-10T01:11:34Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: date to template; remove excess line breaks; add links</p>
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<div class="scriptum"><br />
Citizenship in [[Nova Roma]] may be voluntarily relinquished or involuntarily revoked as per the [[Constitution (Nova Roma)|Constitution of Nova Roma]], paragraph II.A.4, or may be temporarily suspended under the [[Lex Fabia de Censu (Nova Roma)|Lex Fabia de Censu]], paragraph VI.<br />
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Further provision is made by this [[Lex Minucia Moravia de Civitate Eiuranda (Nova Roma)|Lex Minucia Moravia de Civitate Eiuranda]] by which citizenship in Nova Roma may be involuntarily terminated at the discretion of the Censors when a Citizen fails to register in two consecutive censuses. Outlined in this lex are the procedures by which a Citizen may voluntarily relinquish his or her citizenship by a process of resignation from Nova Roma, guidelines for censorial termination of citizenship for non-compliance with the Lex Fabia de Censu, and procedures to be followed when a person returns into citizenship following suspension of citizenship or relinquishment of citizenship.<br />
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==I. ((Supercedes))==<br />
The leges [[Lex Cornelia et Maria de civitate eiuranda (Nova Roma)|Cornelia et Maria de civitate eiuranda]] and [[Lex Equitia de civitate eiuranda (Nova Roma)|Equitia de civitate eiuranda]] are hereby repealed.<br />
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==II. Resignation of Citizenship==<br />
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A: Citizenship from Nova Roma may be voluntarily relinquished by notification of the [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censor]]s. Submission to the Censors of an intention to resign citizenship should be made in writing with the intention clearly stated, and may be transmitted in writing via any available means.<br />
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B. In keeping with Constitutional clause II.A.5, a parent or guardian may voluntarily rescind Nova Roma citizenship of Impuberes (minors) as provided for above.<br />
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==III. ((Forfeiture of Offices))==<br />
If citizenship is resigned, any and all public offices held by the Citizen are immediately vacated at the time that the Censors receive a resignation. No public offices, elected or appointed, shall carry over into a new citizenship should a resigning citizen later reestablish citizenship.<br />
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==IV. ((Socius))==<br />
A Citizen whose citizenship is temporarily suspended under the Lex Fabia de Censu or by process of law is known as a Socius. A Citizen who voluntarily relinquishes citizenship by submitting a resignation from Nova Roma may also be treated as a Socius for the purposes of this lex. Under the lex Fabia de Censu, a Citizen becomes a Socius after failing to register with one census. Any Socius or former Citizen in a Socius status who fails to register with a census or who fails to otherwise reestablish citizenship may, at the discretion of the Censors, have his or her status terminated, and thus be removed from the censorial Album Civium.<br />
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B. A Socius or a former Citizen in a Socius status may request that he or she be removed from the Album Civium and thus all records of the former Citizen's or Socius' former membership in Nova Roma are to be deleted. The Censors must comply with such a request if no exceptions are provided for under the law.<br />
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==V. ((Reapplication))==<br />
A former Citizen or Socius may reapply for citizenship to the Censors under prevailing legal procedures.<br />
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==VI ((Reinstatement))==<br />
A. When a former Citizen applies for reinstatement of citizenship, a waiting period of ninety (90) days precedes reestablishment of citizenship. When citizenship is reestablished a Socius, or a former Citizen who was in a Socius status, shall have restored any titles, honors and/or effects of past public offices (including century points) that he or she may have held at the time that citizenship was either suspended or resigned. A former Citizen whose Socius status was legally terminated, and whose records were thus lawfully removed from the Album Civium, is not entitled to a restoration of any titles, honors and/or effects of past public offices (including century points).<br />
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B. Once citizenship is reestablished, a returning Citizen may apply to the [[Collegium Pontificum (Nova Roma)|Collegium Pontificum]] for reappointment to any religious offices that he or she may have previously held. Only the Collegium Pontificum, or an otherwise designated religious body, is authorized to reappoint a returning Citizen to a religious office.<br />
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C: Century points that are due to a returning Citizen for any and all public and/or religious offices that he or she may have previously held shall be restored at the time that citizenship is reestablished, provided that citizenship was reestablished while the former Citizen was in a Socius status, as per VI.A.<br />
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D. Senatorial status may be resumed by a returning Citizen at the discretion of the Censors collegially.<br />
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==VII. ((Multiple Resignations))==<br />
If a Citizen resigns his or her citizenship, is subsequently reinstated, and resigns a second time, the Censors may bar this former Citizen from reinstatement as a Citizen of Nova Roma. An exception to IV.B is hereby made such that the Censors may retain records in addition to the Album Civium on any person who has been barred from citizenship in Nova Roma for any reason.<br />
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==VIII. ((Returnee Rights))==<br />
A: All rights and privileges of citizenship are restored in full to a returning Citizen at the time his or her citizenship is reestablished. This lex does not in itself restrict a returning Citizen in any way from lawfully pursuing any entitlements or official positions (via election or appointment) for which he or she would again become eligible.<br />
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B. At the discretion of the Senate, the normal waiting period of ninety (90) days may be waived.<br />
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<div class="lexcomment"><br />
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.<br />
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<strong>Note from Praetor C. Aemilius Crassus:</strong> The present lex was amended on several points by the [[Lex Cornelia de civitate eiuranda (Nova Roma)|Lex Cornelia de civitate eiuranda]]<br />
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[[Category:Leges (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Cornelia_de_civitate_eiuranda_(Nova_Roma)Lex Cornelia de civitate eiuranda (Nova Roma)2015-11-10T01:03:48Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: cat; remove excess spaces</p>
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I. For the purpose of section V of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda, the “prevailing legal procedures” shall be defined as those procedures contained within a Senatus consultum, which at the time of the enactment of this lex is the “Senatus consultum on the reapplication process for citizenship”, passed 2765 A.U.C. A senatus consultum issued after the enactment of this lex may amend, or enhance, the “prevailing legal procedures”.<br />
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II. Section II.A of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:<br />
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“Citizenship from Nova Roma may be voluntarily relinquished by either:<br />
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1. Notification of the Censors. Submission to the Censors by the citizen intending to resign of an intention to resign citizenship should be made in writing with the intention clearly stated, and may be transmitted in writing via any available means.<br />
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2. A statement of intent to resign citizenship made in writing by the citizen intending to resign in a public communications forum, list, board or venue, electronic or otherwise, whether that forum is owned or controlled by Nova Roma or not, to which the censors or another magistrate (as described in section IV.A or section IV.B of the Nova Roman Constitution) or a provincial governor of Nova Roma has access. Such intent may also be made by email to a magistrate or provincial governor. The magistrate or governor shall forward verbatim the text of the resignation and provide any electronic hyperlink to such a statement or a forwarded copy of the email concerned. The censors shall exercise collegiate judgment in whether to accept any such communication at section II.A.2 as intent to resign citizenship.”<br />
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III. Section IV.A of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:<br />
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“A Citizen whose citizenship is temporarily suspended under the Lex Fabia de Censu is known as an exsilius. A Citizen who voluntarily relinquishes citizenship by submitting a resignation from Nova Roma may also be treated as a exsilius for the purposes of this lex. Under the lex Fabia de Censu, a Citizen becomes a excensus after failing to register with one census. Any excensus or former Citizen in a excensus status who fails to register with a census or who fails to otherwise reestablish citizenship may, at the discretion of the Censors, have his or her status terminated, and thus be removed from the censorial Album Civium.”<br />
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IV. Section IV of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended by the insertion of a subsection C to read:<br />
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“A citizen subject to banishment imposed under the terms of any lex shall not be treated as exsilius and upon imposition of the banishment shall be treated as a former citizen, devoid of any and all legal rights within Nova Roma.”<br />
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V. Section VI.A of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:<br />
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“When a former Citizen applies for reinstatement of citizenship, a waiting period of ninety (90) days must precede the reestablishment of citizenship. A former Citizen whose citizenship was removed by the process of banishment is not entitled to a restoration of any titles, honors and/or effects of past public offices (including census points). In the case of any other Citizen who was exsilius or excensus the restoration of any titles, honors and/or effects of past public offices (excluding census points) shall be at the discretion of, the censors acting in a collegiate manner. The restoration of census points for a person who was exsilius or excensus shall be determined by the process in section XXXX of this lex.”<br />
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VI. Section VI.C of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:<br />
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“Any census points that are due under the terms of this lex to a returning Citizen must be restored at the time that citizenship is legally re-established by the censors.”<br />
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VII. Section VIII.A of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:<br />
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“All rights and privileges of citizenship are restored to a Citizen at the time his or her citizenship is re-established, subject to any legal prohibitions, cancellations, or any other such restriction, that may exist at the time of re-establishment of citizenship.”<br />
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VIII. The Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended by the insertion of a section IX. ((Census Point loss)) which shall have the following sub-sections:<br />
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“A. Voluntary resignations shall be classified as follows:<br />
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1. Personal: The reason provided, in the judgment of the censors acting collegiately, clearly relates to a situation of a non-Nova Roman nature<br />
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2. NR dispute: The reason provided, in the judgment of the censors acting collegiately, clearly relates to a situation where a conflict, conducted in public or private, has occurred over matters that relate to Nova Roman matters, between the Citizen resigning Citizenship and another Citizen(s), or a former Citizen(s) or another person(s)<br />
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3. No reason: No reason is provided in the judgment of the censors acting collegiately<br />
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4. No warning: The Citizen resigning, while holding office, whether elected or appointed, gave no prior notice of an intent to resign, thus preventing alternative solutions to resignation being discussed<br />
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5. 2nd resignation: The Citizen has resigned his/her citizenship twice.<br />
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6. 3rd plus resignations: The Citizen has resigned his/her citizenship three or more times.<br />
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B. A Citizen who has voluntarily resigned shall be classed as either “citizen” (not holding elected or appointed office at the time of resignation), “minor official” (holding an office at the time of resignation, whether that office was elected or by appointment, that was not censor, consul, praetor or provincial governor) or “major official” (held office at the time of resignation as censor, consul, praetor or provincial governor).<br />
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C. Upon restoration of Citizenship, except in cases where the returning Citizen is returning from a period of legal banishment that has now expired, the amount of Citizen Points (CP) that must be returned to the Citizen is based on the table below “at VIII.D”, Where the amount of loss is listed as a percentage, that percentage must be deducted from the CP held by the Citizen at the time of his/her resignation, or the fixed amount of actual CP that must be deducted. After calculation of a percentage loss, the result of CP if less than a whole number shall be rounded down. If after deduction of a fixed amount of CP this results in a negative number, that shall be recorded in the Citizen’s Album Civium. The censors shall administer the application of the CP deductions in the table below.<br />
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D. Census Point loss table<br />
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Personal<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | NR Dispute<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | No reason<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | No warning<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | 2nd resignation<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | 3rd resignation<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Citizen<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 20% loss <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 35% loss <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 50% loss<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | N/A<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 100% loss<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Set CP to -100<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Minor official<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 30% loss <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 60% loss <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 80% loss<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | +20% loss<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 2x % loss<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Set CP to -250<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Major official<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 50% loss <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 80% loss <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 100% loss<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 2x % loss<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 3x % loss<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Set CP to -500<br />
|}<br />
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Notes: <br />
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1) 2nd resignation of a person deemed at the time of resignation does not require that he/she was also an official on 1st resignation. <br />
2) Results of CP loss may place the resigned citizen in negative balance, which he/she will have to work off balance before CP can be earned. <br />
3) Tax rates will be addressed through Senatus consultum (tax is the prerogative of the Senate) but persons who have resigned and returned will be required to pay the Nova Roman tax for the class they were in prior to CP loss. <br />
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4) CP loss will be calculated at the time of resignation, not upon returning, and amount of loss noted on citizen's Album page together with the class and century they were in at time of resignation.<br />
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5) The table is read left to right, so the censors shall first determine which applies; Personal, NR dispute or No reason. Then they shall determine if warning was not given and apply the enhanced penalties indicated, and finally evaluate if the citizen has resigned two, or three (or more) times and apply those penalty enhancers.<br />
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6) +20% means that this 20% is added to either, 30%, 60% or 80% depending on which applies to the Citizen.<br />
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7) 2x % loss means that the prior amount calculated is multiplied by a factor of two; 3x % loss means that the prior amount calculated is multiplied by a factor of three.<br />
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<hr><br />
<strong>Note from Praetor C. Aemilius Crassus:</strong> The present lex changes several points of the [[Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda (Nova Roma)|Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda]]<br />
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[[Category:Leges (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Roman_religionRoman religion2015-11-08T01:22:58Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: mark some needed citations</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|Roman religion}}<br />
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[[Image:romangods-banner.png|center]]<br />
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The '''''[[cultus deorum Romanorum]]''''' ('cults of the [[Roman gods]]') is a collective term for the various cults and rituals which constituted the religious life of Rome until the edict of Theodosius in 390 C.E. [[Abolition_of_gods|barred public cult]]. <br />
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==Variety==<br />
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<!-- EDITORS Do not put any ref tags inside the ONLYINCLUDE tags. --><onlyinclude>It is difficult to talk about [[Roman religion]] as a whole, since it is really composed of a large number of separate cults. In this sense there are many Roman religions. A number of specific terms are in use that let us focus on specific aspects of this large whole. Most inclusively, "'''Roman religion'''" could mean any religious belief or practice that was held or performed by any person who ever held Roman citizenship. In addition to the traditional '''''sacra publica''''' (state cults) and '''''sacra privata''''' (private cults), this includes such "'''[[foreign cults]]'''" as Judaism, early Christianity, various Egyptian cults and much more. Also included would be '''[[mystery cults]]''' that catered to the individual and the many fraternal '''''[[collegia]]'''''.</onlyinclude><ref name="rupke">Rupke, Jörg "Religion of the Romans"(ISBN 0745630154)</ref><br />
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==="Numa Tradition"===<br />
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Romans themselves identified certain aspects of their religion, the so-called "[[Numa tradition]]", as embodying important attitudes and practices which they sometimes turned to in times of stress. Cicero<ref name="natura_deorum">[[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]] "On the Nature of the Gods"</ref>wrote, "I am quite certain that Romulus by instituting auspices, and Numa ritual, laid the foundations of our state, which would never have been able to be so great had not the immortal gods been placated to the utmost extent."{{cite|translation}}<br />
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===''Sacra Publica''===<br />
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Influenced by their Etruscan, Greek and Phonecian neighbors, the Romans developed a complex state religion that emphasised the patron - client relationship between the gods and Romans: the ''pax deorum ''(''[[religio]]'') and maintained it by scrupulous observance of [[:Category:Ritus|rituals]]. <ref name="scheid">{{Scheid}}</ref>This is the "''[[sacra publica]]''" and it was concerned with the state as a whole, not with regulating the specific beliefs or practices of individual citizens.<br />
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===''Sacra Privata''===<br />
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The term "''[[sacra privata]]''" refers to the relationships, practices and traditions with the gods of individuals and families. <br />
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===Foreign Cults===<br />
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===Mystery Cults===<br />
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===''Collegia''===<br />
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==Roles==<br />
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There were many diverse roles in the Roman tradition. Religious specialists such as ''[[sacerdotes]]'', ''[[flamines]]'', ''[[pontifices]]'' and ''[[augures]]'' advised [[magistrates]] on point of ritual and law.<ref name="rupke"/>The paterfamilias in his home and the magistrates in public normally performed religious rituals.<br />
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==Beliefs and attitudes==<br />
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Romans believed the gods were benevolent and respected the social code of the city. They abhorred ''superstitio'' which was a belief that the gods were vengeful, jealous and the attendant excessive and slavish behavior to placate them.<ref name="scheid"/>[[Varro]] said, "The religious man reveres the Gods as he would his parents, for they are good, more apt to spare than to punish" and "The Gods do not want sacrifice, their statues even less."{{cite}}<br />
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A perfunctory performance of a ritual, without any feeling, was simply not acceptable. Even Cicero, known for his cynical attitudes toward religion, speaks to the requirement of mental attitude in approaching the Gods, and that material gifts are less important <ref>Cicero: De Legibus 2.8.19; 2.10.24</ref>.<br />
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Cicero also cites the stoic philosopher Q. Lucilius Balbus' opinion about the ''cultus deorum'':<br />
"''Quos deos et venerari et colere debemus, cultus autem deorum est optumus idemque castissimus atque sanctissimus plenissimusque pietatis, ut eos semper pura integra incorrupta et mente et voce veneremur. Non enim philosophi solum verum etiam maiores nostri superstitionem a religione separaverunt.''" <ref name="natura_deorum"/>{{rp|(II, 71)}} ("We must revere and worship the gods, and the best "cultus doerum" is the most sacred, the most holy and the most full of dutifulness, in order to adorn them always with pure, whole and uncorrupted mind and word. Not only the philosophers but also our ancestors divided the ''superstitio'' from the ''religio''.")<br />
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Roman religion was embedded in Rome's culture<ref name="rupke"/>.Because of this it is difficult to make a clear distinction between culture and religion. <br />
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==References==<br />
<references/><br />
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==As practised in Nova Roma==<br />
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For details on how ''religio'' is practised in [[Nova Roma]], see [[:Category:Religio Romana (Nova Roma)]].<br />
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==The Roman Pantheon==<br />
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For more specific information on the Roman Pantheon, see '''[[List of Roman Deities]]'''<br />
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{{Commercial|Sacred Source}}<br />
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<noinclude>[[Category:Roman religion]][[Category:Religio Romana (Nova Roma)]]</noinclude></div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Roman_godsRoman gods2015-11-08T01:06:02Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: mark for citations</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|Roman gods}}{{cite-many}}<br />
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At the founding of Rome, the gods were ''[[numen|numina]]'', divine manifestations, faceless, formless, but no less powerful. The idea of gods as anthropomorphized beings came later, with the influence from Etruscans and Greeks, whose gods had human form. Some of the Roman Gods are at least as old as the founding of Rome.<br />
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The concept of '''''numen''''' continued to exist and it was related to any manifestation of the divine. For the Romans, everything in nature is thought to be inhabited by ''numina'', which explains the large number of deities in the Roman pantheon. ''Numina'' manifest the divine will by means of natural phenomena, which the pious Roman constantly seeks to interpret. Great attention is paid to omens and portents in every aspect of Roman daily life.<br />
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==''Dii Consentes''==<br />
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A group of twelve gods called [[Dii Consentes]] (also ''Dii Complices'') is especially honored by the Romans:<br />
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* [[Iuppiter]] - or Jupiter, King of the gods; god of the sky, thunder, and justice<br />
* [[Iuno]] - Queen of the gods and of the heavens; goddess of women, marriage, and motherhood<br />
* [[Minerva]] - goddess of wisdom, crafts, and strategic battle<br />
* [[Vesta]] - goddess of the hearth and the Roman state<br />
* [[Ceres]] - goddess of fertility, agriculture, nature, and the seasons<br />
* [[Diana]] - goddess of the hunt, the moon, virginity, and childbirth, twin sister of Apollo<br />
* [[Venus]] - goddess of love, beauty, desire, and fertility<br />
* [[Mars]] - warrior god of honour, valour, and fertility; father of Romulus, the founder of Rome<br />
* [[Mercurius]] - or Mercury, messenger of the gods; god of commerce, speed, thieves, and trade<br />
* [[Neptunus]] - or Neptune, god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses<br />
* [[Volcanus]] - or Vulcan, god of the forge, fire, and blacksmiths<br />
* [[Apollo]] - god of light, healing, music, poetry, prophecy, archery and truth<br />
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These are the ones listed by the poet [[Ennius]] about the 3rd Century, BCE. {{:Dii Consentes}}<br />
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==''Dii Familiares''==<br />
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What better characterizes {{:Dii Familiares}}<br />
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==''Dii Indigetes''==<br />
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There is also a group of mysterious deities {{:Dii Indigetes}}<br />
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==''Dii Novensiles''==<br />
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{{:Dii Novensiles}}<br />
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==''Dii Inferi''==<br />
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{{:Dii Inferi}}<br />
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{{Commercial|Sacred Source}}<br />
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==The Roman Pantheon==<br />
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For more specific information on the Roman Pantheon, see '''[[List of Roman Dieties]]'''<br />
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<noinclude>[[Category:Roman Gods]]</noinclude></div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/User:Quintus_Caecilius_Metellus_Pius_PostumianusUser:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus2015-11-08T01:02:44Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: </p>
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<div>==Contact==<br />
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If any citizen has need of my assistance or a question which I might answer, please feel free to contact me, <!-- either directly or via my page in the [http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=4031 Album Civium] --> directly via email: q &lt;dot&gt; caecilius &lt;dot&gt; metellus &lt;at&gt; gmail &lt;dot&gt; com.<br />
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[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus (Nova Roma)|Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus]]<br />
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==My Sandbox==<br />
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[[/Sandbox|Here]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/LectisterniumLectisternium2015-11-08T01:01:23Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: mark stub</p>
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A '''''lectisternium''''' is a banquet of the [[gods]], where the statues of the gods were put upon cushions, and where these statues were offered meals. <br />
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[[Category:Roman religion]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/PomeriumPomerium2015-11-08T01:00:26Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: add language bar; mark stub</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|{{PAGENAME}}}}{{Template:ArticleStub}}<br />
The '''''pomerium''''' was the sacred boundary of the city of Rome. In legal terms, Rome existed only within the ''pomerium''; everything beyond it was simply land belonging to Rome.<br />
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[[Category:Law and politics]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Dius_FidiusDius Fidius2015-11-08T00:59:04Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: add language bar; mark stub</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|{{PAGENAME}}}}{{Template:ArticleStub}}<br />
[[Category:Roman Gods]]<br />
The Sabine and later Roman god of oaths, Dius Fidus was associated with [[Jupiter]].</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Talk:SerapisTalk:Serapis2015-11-08T00:30:53Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: NfD information</p>
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<div>==Nomination for Deletion==<br />
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Reason: possible plagiarism<br />
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[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serapis&oldid=367849316 Serapis], from the English Wikipedia, showing the revision in place as of the creation of this page, is an exact match for the text of the page. -- [[User:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus|Q Caecilius Metellus Postumianus]] 01:30, 8 November 2015 (CET)</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/SerapisSerapis2015-11-08T00:21:27Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix AfD info</p>
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<div>{|border=0 style="background-color:#ffe6e6; clear:both"<br />
!style="font-size: 125%; color:#800000"|'''This article has been nominated for deletion.'''<br />
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|Please see the [[Talk:Serapis|talk page for this article]] to review and contribute to discussion on deleting this article.<br />
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|While deletion is being considered, you should '''not''' blank this page. This notice '''must not''' be removed until discussion is closed by an [[NovaRoma:WikiMagisters|administrator]].<br />
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|If you have added this notice, be sure to provide an explanation of your nomination in the [[Talk:Serapis|talk page for this article]], with the heading ''"Nomination for Deletion"'' within forty-eight hours of nomination, else an administrator may remove this notice without further discussion.<br />
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|}<br />
[[Category:Articles for deletion]]<br />
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<br />
<br />
[[Category:Roman Gods]]<br />
Serapis (Latin spelling, or Σάραπις, Sarapis in Greek) was a syncretic Hellenistic-Egyptian god in Antiquity. His most renowned temple was the Serapeum of Alexandria.[1] Under Ptolemy Soter, efforts were made to integrate Egyptian religion with that of their Hellenic rulers. Ptolemy's policy was to find a deity that should win the reverence alike of both groups, despite the curses of the Egyptian priests against the gods of the previous foreign rulers (i.e Set who was lauded by the Hyksos). Alexander the Great had attempted to use Amun for this purpose, but he was more prominent in Upper Egypt, and not as popular with those in Lower Egypt, where the Greeks had stronger influence. The Greeks had little respect for animal-headed figures, and so a Greek-style anthromorphic statue was chosen as the idol, and proclaimed as the equivalent of the highly popular Apis.[2] It was named Aser-hapi (i.e. Osiris-Apis), which became Serapis, and was said to be Osiris in full, rather than just his Ka (life force).<br />
<br />
== Contents ==<br />
<br />
1 History<br />
2 Notes<br />
3 References<br />
<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The earliest mention of a Serapis is in the disputed death scene of Alexander (323 BC).[3] Here, Serapis has a temple at Babylon, and is of such importance that he alone is named as being consulted on behalf of the dying king. His presence in Babylon would radically alter perceptions of the mythologies of this era, though fortunately it has been discovered that the unconnected Babylonian god Ea (Enki) was titled Serapsi, meaning king of the deep, and it is possible this Serapsi is the one referred to in the diaries. The significance of this Serapsi in the Hellenic psyche, due to its involvement in Alexander's death, may have also contributed to the choice of Osiris-Apis as the chief Ptolemaic god.<br />
According to Plutarch, Ptolemy stole the cult statue from Sinope, having been instructed in a dream by the unknown god, to bring the statue to Alexandria, where the statue was pronounced to be Serapis by two religious experts. One of the experts was of the Eumolpidae, the ancient family from whose members the hierophant of the Eleusinian Mysteries had been chosen since before history, and the other was the scholarly Egyptian priest Manetho, which gave weight to the judgement both for the Egyptians and the Greeks.<br />
Plutarch may not however be correct, as some Egyptologists allege that the Sinope in the tale is really the hill of Sinopeion, a name given to the site of the already existing Serapeum at Memphis. Also, according to Tacitus, Serapis (i.e. Apis explicitly identified as Osiris in full) had been the god of the village of Rhakotis, before it suddenly expanded into the great capital of Alexandria.<br />
The statue suitably depicted a figure resembling Hades or Pluto, both being kings of the Greek underworld, and was shown enthroned with the modius, a basket/grain-measure, on his head, since it was a Greek symbol for the land of the dead. He also held a sceptre in his hand indicating his rulership, with Cerberus, gatekeeper of the underworld, resting at his feet, and it also had what appeared to be a serpent at its base, fitting the Egyptian symbol of rulership, the uraeus.<br />
With his (i.e. Osiris') wife Isis, and their son (at this point in history) Horus (in the form of Harpocrates), Serapis won an important place in the Greek world,[4] reaching Ancient Rome, with Anubis being identified as Cerberus. In Rome, Serapis was worshiped in the Iseum Campense, the sanctuary of the goddess Isis located in the Campus Martius and built during the Second Triumvirate. The Roman cults of Isis and Serapis gained in popularity late in the first century thanks to the god's role in the miracles that the imperial usurper Vespasian experienced in the city of Alexandria, where he stayed prior to his return to Rome as emperor in 70 AD. From the Flavian Dynasty on, Serapis sometimes appeared on imperial coinage with the reigning emperor. The great cult survived until 385, when a Christian mob destroyed the Serapeum of Alexandria, and subsequently the cult was forbidden by the Theodosian decree.<br />
The early Alexandrian Christian community appears to have been rather syncretic in their worship of Serapis and Jesus and would prostrate themselves without distinction between the two.[5] A letter inserted in the Augustan History, ascribed to the Emperor Hadrian, refers to the worship of Serapis by residents of Egypt who described themselves as Christians, and Christian worship by those claiming to worship Serapis, suggesting a great confusion of the cults and practices:<br />
The land of Egypt, the praises of which you have been recounting to me, my dear Servianus, I have found to be wholly light-minded, unstable, and blown about by every breath of rumour. There those who worship Serapis are, in fact, Christians, and those who call themselves bishops of Christ are, in fact, devotees of Serapis. There is no chief of the Jewish synagogue, no Samaritan, no Christian presbyter, who is not an astrologer, a soothsayer, or an anointer. Even the Patriarch himself, when he comes to Egypt, is forced by some to worship Serapis, by others to worship Christ.[6]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
<br />
^ "Of the Egyptian sanctuaries of Serapis the most famous is at Alexandria", Pausanias noted (Description of Greece, 1.18.4, second century AD), in describing the Serapeion at Athens erected by Ptolemy on the steep slope of the Acropolis: "As you descend from here to the lower part of the city, is a sanctuary of Serapis, whose worship the Athenians introduced from Ptolemy."<br />
^ According to Sir J.G. Frazer's note to the Biblioteca of Pseudo-Apollodorus, 2.1.1: "Apollodorus identifies the Argive Apis with the Egyptian bull Apis, who was in turn identified with Serapis (Sarapis)"; Pausanias also conflates Serapis and Egyptian Apis: "Of the Egyptian sanctuaries of Serapis the most famous is at Alexandria, the oldest at Memphis. Into this neither stranger nor priest may enter, until they bury Apis" (Pausanias,Description of Greece, 1.18.4).<br />
^ Reported from Arrian, Anabasis, VII. 26.<br />
^ In his Description of Greece, Pausanias notes two Serapeia on the slopes of Acrocorinth, above the rebuilt Roman city of Corinth (2.4.5) and one at Copae in Boeotia (9.24.1).<br />
^ Otto Friedrich August Meinardus, Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity (American University in Cairo Press), 2002, p. 143, ISBN 9774247574A.<br />
^ Firmus et al. 8 Historia Augusta 8.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Serapis<br />
E. R. Bevan: The House of Ptolemy, Chapter. II<br />
James Grout: "Temple of Serapis", part of the Encyclopædia Romana<br />
"Immoralities of the Gods: Of the fugitive Serapis chased from Sinope to Alexandria", by Theophilus of Antioch<br />
"Greco-Egyptian Mythology: The Alexandrian Synthesis"</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/SerapisSerapis2015-11-08T00:20:04Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: AfD</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
{|border=0 style="background-color:#ffe6e6; clear:both"<br />
!style="font-size: 125%; color:#800000"|'''This article has been nominated for deletion.'''<br />
|-<br />
|Please see the [[Talk:Serapis|talk page for this article]] to review and contribute to discussion on deleting this article.<br />
|-<br />
|While deletion is being considered, you should '''not''' blank this page. This notice '''must not''' be removed until discussion is closed by an [[NovaRoma:WikiMagisters|administrator]].<br />
|-<br />
|If you have added this notice, be sure to provide an explanation of your nomination in the [[Talk:Serapis|talk page for this article]], with the heading ''"Nomination for Deletion"'' within forty-eight hours of nomination, else an administrator may remove this notice without further discussion.<br />
|-<br />
|<hr/><br />
|-<br />
|align=right|''This nomination for deletion was posted: 2015-11-8''<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
[[Category:Articles for deletion]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Roman Gods]]<br />
Serapis (Latin spelling, or Σάραπις, Sarapis in Greek) was a syncretic Hellenistic-Egyptian god in Antiquity. His most renowned temple was the Serapeum of Alexandria.[1] Under Ptolemy Soter, efforts were made to integrate Egyptian religion with that of their Hellenic rulers. Ptolemy's policy was to find a deity that should win the reverence alike of both groups, despite the curses of the Egyptian priests against the gods of the previous foreign rulers (i.e Set who was lauded by the Hyksos). Alexander the Great had attempted to use Amun for this purpose, but he was more prominent in Upper Egypt, and not as popular with those in Lower Egypt, where the Greeks had stronger influence. The Greeks had little respect for animal-headed figures, and so a Greek-style anthromorphic statue was chosen as the idol, and proclaimed as the equivalent of the highly popular Apis.[2] It was named Aser-hapi (i.e. Osiris-Apis), which became Serapis, and was said to be Osiris in full, rather than just his Ka (life force).<br />
<br />
== Contents ==<br />
<br />
1 History<br />
2 Notes<br />
3 References<br />
<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
<br />
The earliest mention of a Serapis is in the disputed death scene of Alexander (323 BC).[3] Here, Serapis has a temple at Babylon, and is of such importance that he alone is named as being consulted on behalf of the dying king. His presence in Babylon would radically alter perceptions of the mythologies of this era, though fortunately it has been discovered that the unconnected Babylonian god Ea (Enki) was titled Serapsi, meaning king of the deep, and it is possible this Serapsi is the one referred to in the diaries. The significance of this Serapsi in the Hellenic psyche, due to its involvement in Alexander's death, may have also contributed to the choice of Osiris-Apis as the chief Ptolemaic god.<br />
According to Plutarch, Ptolemy stole the cult statue from Sinope, having been instructed in a dream by the unknown god, to bring the statue to Alexandria, where the statue was pronounced to be Serapis by two religious experts. One of the experts was of the Eumolpidae, the ancient family from whose members the hierophant of the Eleusinian Mysteries had been chosen since before history, and the other was the scholarly Egyptian priest Manetho, which gave weight to the judgement both for the Egyptians and the Greeks.<br />
Plutarch may not however be correct, as some Egyptologists allege that the Sinope in the tale is really the hill of Sinopeion, a name given to the site of the already existing Serapeum at Memphis. Also, according to Tacitus, Serapis (i.e. Apis explicitly identified as Osiris in full) had been the god of the village of Rhakotis, before it suddenly expanded into the great capital of Alexandria.<br />
The statue suitably depicted a figure resembling Hades or Pluto, both being kings of the Greek underworld, and was shown enthroned with the modius, a basket/grain-measure, on his head, since it was a Greek symbol for the land of the dead. He also held a sceptre in his hand indicating his rulership, with Cerberus, gatekeeper of the underworld, resting at his feet, and it also had what appeared to be a serpent at its base, fitting the Egyptian symbol of rulership, the uraeus.<br />
With his (i.e. Osiris') wife Isis, and their son (at this point in history) Horus (in the form of Harpocrates), Serapis won an important place in the Greek world,[4] reaching Ancient Rome, with Anubis being identified as Cerberus. In Rome, Serapis was worshiped in the Iseum Campense, the sanctuary of the goddess Isis located in the Campus Martius and built during the Second Triumvirate. The Roman cults of Isis and Serapis gained in popularity late in the first century thanks to the god's role in the miracles that the imperial usurper Vespasian experienced in the city of Alexandria, where he stayed prior to his return to Rome as emperor in 70 AD. From the Flavian Dynasty on, Serapis sometimes appeared on imperial coinage with the reigning emperor. The great cult survived until 385, when a Christian mob destroyed the Serapeum of Alexandria, and subsequently the cult was forbidden by the Theodosian decree.<br />
The early Alexandrian Christian community appears to have been rather syncretic in their worship of Serapis and Jesus and would prostrate themselves without distinction between the two.[5] A letter inserted in the Augustan History, ascribed to the Emperor Hadrian, refers to the worship of Serapis by residents of Egypt who described themselves as Christians, and Christian worship by those claiming to worship Serapis, suggesting a great confusion of the cults and practices:<br />
The land of Egypt, the praises of which you have been recounting to me, my dear Servianus, I have found to be wholly light-minded, unstable, and blown about by every breath of rumour. There those who worship Serapis are, in fact, Christians, and those who call themselves bishops of Christ are, in fact, devotees of Serapis. There is no chief of the Jewish synagogue, no Samaritan, no Christian presbyter, who is not an astrologer, a soothsayer, or an anointer. Even the Patriarch himself, when he comes to Egypt, is forced by some to worship Serapis, by others to worship Christ.[6]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Notes ==<br />
<br />
<br />
^ "Of the Egyptian sanctuaries of Serapis the most famous is at Alexandria", Pausanias noted (Description of Greece, 1.18.4, second century AD), in describing the Serapeion at Athens erected by Ptolemy on the steep slope of the Acropolis: "As you descend from here to the lower part of the city, is a sanctuary of Serapis, whose worship the Athenians introduced from Ptolemy."<br />
^ According to Sir J.G. Frazer's note to the Biblioteca of Pseudo-Apollodorus, 2.1.1: "Apollodorus identifies the Argive Apis with the Egyptian bull Apis, who was in turn identified with Serapis (Sarapis)"; Pausanias also conflates Serapis and Egyptian Apis: "Of the Egyptian sanctuaries of Serapis the most famous is at Alexandria, the oldest at Memphis. Into this neither stranger nor priest may enter, until they bury Apis" (Pausanias,Description of Greece, 1.18.4).<br />
^ Reported from Arrian, Anabasis, VII. 26.<br />
^ In his Description of Greece, Pausanias notes two Serapeia on the slopes of Acrocorinth, above the rebuilt Roman city of Corinth (2.4.5) and one at Copae in Boeotia (9.24.1).<br />
^ Otto Friedrich August Meinardus, Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity (American University in Cairo Press), 2002, p. 143, ISBN 9774247574A.<br />
^ Firmus et al. 8 Historia Augusta 8.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
<br />
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Serapis<br />
E. R. Bevan: The House of Ptolemy, Chapter. II<br />
James Grout: "Temple of Serapis", part of the Encyclopædia Romana<br />
"Immoralities of the Gods: Of the fugitive Serapis chased from Sinope to Alexandria", by Theophilus of Antioch<br />
"Greco-Egyptian Mythology: The Alexandrian Synthesis"</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/PT:Roman_VirtuesPT:Roman Virtues2015-11-07T23:58:03Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix double redirect</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[PT:Virtudes Romanas]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Cornelia_de_Arminia_de_fovenda_lingua_latina_corrigendaLex Cornelia de Arminia de fovenda lingua latina corrigenda2015-11-07T23:57:00Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix double redirect</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Lex Cornelia de Arminia de fovenda lingua Latina corrigenda (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/User:Gaia_Veturia_SacerdosUser:Gaia Veturia Sacerdos2015-11-07T23:55:55Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix double redirect</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Gaia Veturia Sacerdos (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/List_of_ius_sententiae_dicendaeList of ius sententiae dicendae2015-09-20T09:25:03Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: corrigendum minus</p>
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<div>{{Censores}}<br />
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Current '''flamen Dialis''', '''dictator''', '''censors''', '''consuls''', and '''praetors''' who are not Senators, as listed in the album senatorium, shall be entitled to attend meetings of the senate and to vote therein. Any dictatorius, censorius, consularis, or praetorius who is not a Senator, as listed in the album senatorium, shall be entitled to attend meetings of the senate and to vote therein, except one who has been deliberately passed over for sublection.<br><br> <br />
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| 21. [[Sextus Lucilius Tutor (Nova Roma)|Sex. Lucilius Tutor]] <br />
|Consul<br />
|Pannonia<br />
|-<br />
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| 22. [[Aulus Liburnius Hadrianus (Nova Roma)|A. Liburnius Hadrianus]] <br />
|Praetor<br />
|California Franciscensis<br />
|-<br />
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| 23. [[Gaius Popillius Laenas (Nova Roma)|C. Popillius Laenas]] <br />
|Censorius<br />
|America Transappalachiana<br />
|-<br />
|<br />
| 24. [[Aula Tullia Scholastica (Nova Roma)|A. Tullia Scholastica]] <br />
|Censoria<br />
|America Noveboracensis<br />
|-<br />
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|}</onlyinclude><br />
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[[Category: Content templates]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Provincia_America_Deserta_(Nova_Roma)Provincia America Deserta (Nova Roma)2015-08-22T04:42:55Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: minor formatting fix</p>
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| <h1 class="firstHeading">Provincia <br><br><span style="font-size:150%">America Deserta</span><br><br>Nova Roma</h1><br />
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{|width="100%"<br />
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|align="right"|'''Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus'''<br/>''Proconsul'' <br />
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The [[Provincia (Nova Roma)|Provincia]] of '''America Deserta''' in [[Nova Roma]] comprises the States of '''Arizona''', '''Nevada''' and '''Utah'''.<br />
<br />
The Provincia was organized and created by order of the Senate of Nova Roma on a.d. IX Kal. Nov. 2766 a.u.c. (Oct. 24, 2013) and is one of the numerous Provinciae of Nova Roma, each of which has its own governor and organizes its own events and activities. <br />
<br />
Nova Roma has much to offer to all those interested in the many facets of Ancient Rome. We have many associations known as Sodalitates which are dedicated to studying a wide range of topics, including but not limited to the Roman military, the Latin Language, and various cultural arts. Provinces hold events to promote membership and encourage participation. Nova Roma is diverse enough to accommodate almost any field of interest in Ancient Rome, including the Religio Romana.<br />
<br />
For administrative purposes, the provincia is also divided into Regiones, geographically corresponding to modern political districts, each of which is assigned a Legate, who deals with the day-to-day running of his or her Regio. <br />
<br />
The Provincia is administered by a Governor appointed by the Senate of Nova Roma. The Governor has the power of imperium and can issue edicts (laws on the provincial level). The Governor can also appoint Legati and Scribae. All of these have different titles (see the Cohors Propraetoris).<br />
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The Provincia is not a self-governing entity, rather it is managed by the Governor who acts according to the will of the Senate of Nova Roma.<br />
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<br />
==Praetorium==<br />
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The [[Praetorium (Nova Roma)|Praetorium]] is the office of the [[governor (Nova Roma)|governor]] of a Nova Roman province. The governor is assisted by a staff like that of a present day government.<br />
<br />
The staff personnel of the Praetorium, the ''[[Cohors praetoria (Nova Roma)|Cohors praetoria]]'', handle areas like the treasury, the military, interprovincial relations, and public games and gatherings. The Cohors Praetoria consists of all the assistants ([[Legatus_(Nova_Roma)|''legati'']], [[praefectus_(Nova_Roma)|''praefecti'']] and [[scriba_(Nova_Roma)|''scribae'']]) of the governor.<br />
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All ''legati'' and ''praefecti'' are part of the [[Consilium_provinciae_(Nova_Roma)|Consilium provinciae]], the inner circle of the Cohors. All other officials appointed by the governor are parts of the outer circle of the Cohors. This does not mean that they lack in importance. On the contrary, they each have an important field of responsibility.<br />
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The whole Cohors is the modern equivalent of the advisors of the provincial Governor of Roma Antiqua. The governor's retinue in antiquity was in many respects a military one, today they are valuable advisors and administrative assistants.<br />
<br />
As the governors of the old days, the governor expects a certain loyalty, discipline and unity from the Cohors Praetoria. The members of the Consilium Provinciae should, as a kind of General's staff, set an example in this and all Roman behavior to the rest of the Cohors.<br />
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===Proconsul===<br />
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:[Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus]<br />
:Praetorium: [Phoenix, AZ]<br />
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===Praefecti===<br />
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:[VACANT] <br />
:[VACANT] <br />
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===Other Staff Members===<br />
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:[VACANT]<br />
:[VACANT]<br />
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==TABULARIUM PROVINCIORUM==<br />
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===Edicta===<br />
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* ''nemo''<br />
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===Propraetor's Annual Report to the Senate===<br />
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* ''nemo''<br />
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===Provincial Blank Forms===<br />
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* Foedus (Application) for New Oppidum/Municipium<br />
* Provincial Handbook<br />
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==Local Communities==<br />
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'''Start a Local Chapter of Nova Roma TODAY!'''<br />
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Citizens are encouraged to establish local communities under the guidance and direction of Nova Roma. Local groups may be formally recognized in two ways. First, a group of five (5) or more citizens may apply for and be granted the status of an Oppidum. Groups consisting of thirty-five (35) or more citizens may apply for and be granted the status of a Municipium. Oppidia and Municipia are self-governing entities, which elect their own Magistrates and Assemblies, and issue their own edicts (edicta) and laws (leges).<br />
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Leges approved by the comitia of a local community shall have precedence over edicta of local magistrates of that community. Leges of a local community and edicta issued by local magistrates shall take a lower precedence than the constitution and laws of Nova Roma, the senatus consulta of the Senate of Nova Roma, and the decreta of the pontifical and augural colleges of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
The actions of local comitia and magistrates shall be subject to intercessio by the Propraetor (provincial governor) and by the Tribuni Plebis and Curule Magistrates of Nova Roma in accordance with the constitution and laws of Nova Roma.<br />
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Local magistrates shall be considered under the authority of the Governor of the Provincia, and/or as delegated/regulated through his/her Legates (Praefectus/Praefecta Regionis) in terms of authority conflict.<br />
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'''For more information on forming an Oppidum or Municipium in your area, contact the Praefectus Regio for your home region or the Governor of the Provincia.'''<br />
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==Current Projects==<br />
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Consider the question: Do we wish to establish a provincial cultus, and if so, what would that look like, and of what deities?<br />
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==Upcoming Events==<br />
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Meetups in the Phoenix area:<br />
<br />
http://www.meetup.com/Nova-Roma/<br />
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==Provincial History==<br />
<br />
The Provincia was organized and created by order of the Senate of Nova Roma on a.d. IX Kal. Nov. 2766 a.u.c. (Oct. 24, 2013).<br />
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<br />
Idibus Quintilibus A.U.C. MMDCCLXVIII (7/15/15)<br />
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Provincial Meeting at Taberna Dionysii, proconsul Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus presiding. Planning for provincial activities for the remainder of the year, and discussion of the establishment of provincial cultus.<br />
<br />
<br />
a.d. XIV Kalendas Septembres A.U.C. MMDCCLXVIII (8/19/15)<br />
<br />
Provincial Meeting at the proconsular residence, proconsul Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus presiding. Vinalia Rustica celebrated. Provincial cultus planned.<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
<br />
Annales Provinciae (Annals of the Province): http://annalesprovinciaeamericaedesertae.blogspot.com/<br />
<br />
Provincial Main List: https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/NRAmericaDeserta/info<br />
<br />
Provincial Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/280782755404752/<br />
<br />
Nova Roma Meetup in Phoenix: http://www.meetup.com/Nova-Roma/<br />
<br />
==Provincial Mailing Lists==<br />
<br />
https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/NRAmericaDeserta/info<br />
<br />
:[Consilium provinciae List - Add Link Here]<br />
:[Cohores praetoria List - Add Link Here]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
[[Category:Provincia America Deserta (Nova Roma)|America Deserta]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Collegium_augurum_(Nova_Roma)Collegium augurum (Nova Roma)2015-07-04T17:53:33Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: Minor update</p>
<hr />
<div>{{LanguageBar|Collegium augurum (Nova Roma)}}<br />
{{NR State councils articles}}<br />
<onlyinclude>Nine [[Augur (Nova Roma)|''augures'']] are high priests assisting magistrates in taking the [[auspicium|auspices]] and advising the [[Senate (Nova Roma)|Senate]] and the [[:Category:Magistrates (Nova Roma)|magistrates]] on various aspects of divination, not the least of which is the proper handling of prodigies and portents. They create [[templum|templa]], or sacred spaces. <br />
<br />
The [[Collegium augurum (Nova Roma)|Collegium Augurum]] is the second highest ranking of the four major priestly colleges in [[Nova Roma]], too; the president of the augural college is the '''''magister collegii'''''. The duties of the ''augures'' include taking auspices before military and political actions, before the holding of the [[comitia centuriata (Nova Roma)|comitia centuriata]] or the [[comitia populi tributa (Nova Roma)|comitia populi tributa]], consecrating the sites of temples and shrines, overseeing the laws of augury ([[ius augurium (Nova Roma)|Ius augurium]] — the discipline or art of augury itself) and advising the Senate.<br />
<br />
===Active Augures===<br />
<br />
{{Table Augures}}<br />
<br />
''(9 positions; 2 filled; 7 open (3 plebeian, 4 patrician))''<br />
<br />
===Augures Emeriti===<br />
<br />
* [[Flavius Vedius Germanicus (Nova Roma)|Fl. Vedius Germanicus]]<br />
* [[Marcus Lucretius Agricola (Nova Roma)|M. Lucretius Agricola]]<br />
* [[Caeso Fabius Buteo Modianus (Nova Roma)|K. Fabius Buteo Modianus]]<br />
* [[Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus (Nova Roma)|M. Moravius Piscinus Horatianus]]<br />
* [[Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus (Nova Roma)|L. Equitius Cincinnatus]]<br />
* [[Gaius Aelius Ericius (Nova Roma)|C. Aelius Ericius]]<br />
* [[Marcus Gladius Saevus (Nova Roma)|M. Gladius Saevus]]<br />
* [[Damianus Lucianus Dexippus (Nova Roma)|Damianus Lucianus Dexippus]]</onlyinclude><br />
<br />
<br />
==Powers and duties of the College of the Augurs==<br />
<br />
The College of Augurs is established by the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
<div class="scriptum"><br />
::'''2'''. The ''Collegium Augurum'' (College of Augurs) shall be the second-highest ranked of the priestly ''Collegia''. The eldest member of the ''Collegium'' shall be the ''Magister Collegii''. The ''Collegium Augurum'' shall consist of nine Augurs, five from the Plebeian order and four from the Patrician order. They shall be appointed by the ''Collegium Pontificum'', and shall hold their offices for life, excepting in cases of resignation of office, resignation of citizenship, or loss of ''Assiduus'' citizenship by process of law. Resignation of office or citizenship by an Augur must be made in writing to the ''Pontifex Maximus'' and the ''Magister Collegii''; the ''Pontifex Maximus'' and ''Magister Collegii'' shall be informed in writing of any process of law by which such an ''Augur'' has lost citizenship. Augurs who have resigned their office, resigned their citizenship, or have lost their citizenship by process of law shall remain ''sacri'' in their persons but may exercise no augural powers or functions, nor shall they be accounted members of the ''Collegium Augurum''.<br />
:::'''a'''. The ''collegium augurum'' shall have the following honors, powers, and responsibilities:<br />
::::'''1'''. To research, practice, and uphold the ''ars auguria'' (the art of interpreting divine signs and omens, solicited or otherwise); <br />
::::'''2'''. To issue ''decreta'' (decrees) on matters of the ''ars auguria'' and its own internal procedures (such ''decreta'' may not be overruled by laws passed in the ''comitia'' or ''Senatus consultum'').<br />
:::'''b'''. Individual augurs shall have the following honors, powers, and responsibilities:<br />
::::'''1'''. To define ''templum'' (sacred space) and celebrate ''auguria'' (the rites of augury);<br />
::::'''2'''. To declare ''obnuntiatio'' (a declaration that unfavorable and unsolicited omens have been observed that justify a delay of a meeting of one of the ''comitia'' or the Senate).<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Priests and priesthoods (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Decretum_pontificum_about_the_system_of_the_creation_of_priests_in_Nova_Roma_(Nova_Roma)Decretum pontificum about the system of the creation of priests in Nova Roma (Nova Roma)2015-04-14T09:03:01Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: moved Decretum pontificum about the system of the creation of priests in Nova Roma to Decretum pontificum about the system of the creation of priests in Nova Roma (Nova Roma): Namespace</p>
<hr />
<div>'''DECRETUM PONTIFICUM ABOUT THE SYSTEM OF THE CREATION OF PRIESTS IN NOVA ROMA.'''<br />
<br />
<br />
Passed on {{Mar 31}} {{2014}}<br />
<br />
<br />
'''A. Application to priesthood in Nova Roma.'''<br />
<br />
1. Any public priesthood or religious position may only be conferred upon citizens of Nova Roma, who have submitted an application, have 18 years old at the date when the application is submitted and is assidui/assidua (tax payer).<br />
<br />
2. Applications for any priesthood or religious position shall be made through an e-mail sent to the owner address of the official mailing list of the Collegium Pontificum (collegium_pontificum_nr owner@yahoogroups.com).<br />
<br />
3. There shall be a separate application submitted for every different or every new priesthood or religious position that the applicant wishes to undertake.<br />
<br />
4. The Collegium Pontificum shall decide about the application within the first session of its receipt.<br />
<br />
'''B. Priesthood appointments requirements in Nova Roma.'''<br />
<br />
'''1. Camillus/camilla.'''<br />
<br />
An applicant shall be approved camillus by the decision of the Collegium Pontificum.<br />
<br />
'''2. Sacerdos /Vestales Virgines/Flamines and/or Flaminicae Minores/Augures/ Fetiales/Sodales.'''<br />
<br />
An aplicant shall be appointed sacerdos/vestalis/flamen/augur/fetialis/sodalis by the collegium pontificum if meet these requirements:<br />
<br />
a. Served as camillus/camilla for six months.<br />
<br />
b. Followed a training program based of one of these methods: by himself/herself, by a pontifical school or was trained and have the recommendation of at least one pontifex or in the case of vestales, of the Virgo Vestalis Maxima or the Pontifex Maximus.<br />
<br />
c. In addition of the application submit a work (article), strictly related to the position that applied, composed of a minimum of 1000 words without spaces, with quality academic resources referenced within the article.<br />
<br />
'''3. Virgo Vestalis Maxima.'''<br />
<br />
An applicant shall be appointed Virgo Vestalis Maxima by the Collegium Pontificum if meet these requirements:<br />
<br />
a. Served as vestalis for six month. b. Have the Pontifex Maximus recommendation.<br />
<br />
'''4. Pontifex'''<br />
<br />
An aplicant shall be appointed pontifex by the Collegium Pontificum if meet these requirements:<br />
<br />
a. Passed all requirements of point B.2.<br />
<br />
b. Served as sacerdos/vestalis/flamen/augur/fetialis/sodalis for six months.<br />
<br />
c. In addition of the application submit a work (article), strictly related to the position that applied, composed of a minimum of 1200 words without spaces, with quality academic resources referenced within the article.<br />
<br />
'''5. Pontifex Maximus'''<br />
<br />
The Pontifex Maximus shall be elect by the Collegium Pontificum if meet these requirements:<br />
<br />
a. Passed all requirements of point B.4.<br />
<br />
b. Meet all other specific requirements of the position based of the CP decrees and specifications.<br />
<br />
'''6. Flamen and Flaminica Dialis/Flamen Quirinalis/Flamen Martialis.'''<br />
<br />
An aplicant shall be appointed Flamen Dialis and Flaminica Dialis/Flamen Quirinalis/Flamen Martialis by the Collegium Pontificum if meet these requirements:<br />
<br />
a. Must be a patrician citizen of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
b. Passed all requirements of point B.2.<br />
<br />
c. Served as sacerdos/flamen/augur/fetialis/sodalis for six months.<br />
<br />
d. Must be married by confarreatio. This condition might be waived through a special dispense through a responsum of the Collegium Pontificum.<br />
<br />
e. Meet all other specific requirements of the position based of the Collegium Pontificum decrees and specifications.<br />
<br />
f. In addition of the application submit a work (article), strictly related to the position that applied, composed of a minimum of 1200 words without spaces, with quality academic resources referenced within the article.<br />
<br />
'''7. Rex and Regina Sacrorum.'''<br />
<br />
The Rex Sacrorum shall be elect by the Collegium Pontificum if meet these requirements:<br />
<br />
a. Must be a patrician citizen of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
b. The Rex Sacrorum passed all requirements of point B.2.<br />
<br />
c. The Rex Sacrorum shall not be a magistrate or senator of Nova Roma. If he is a magistrate or a senator in the moment of his appointment as Rex Sacrorum, he shall resign his magistracy or his membership of the Senate before he is eligible to be elect as Rex Sacrorum.<br />
<br />
d. The Rex Sacrorum shall be married through confarreatio. His wife shall automatically receive the title of Regina Sacrorum, and the rights and duties associated with that title.<br />
<br />
e.Meet all other specific requirements of the position based of the Collegium Pontificum decrees and specifications.<br />
<br />
'''C. Priesthood removal and suspension in Nova Roma.'''<br />
<br />
1. The priesthood removal in Nova Roma is stipulated in the current decrees of the Collegium Pontificum.<br />
<br />
2. The suspension of Nova Roma priesthood takes effect only in the cases of the loss of the tax payer status and if sentenced by the laws.<br />
<br />
3. The suspension is effective as long as the cause is in effect.<br />
<br />
4. In the case of a priesthood removal it is the duty of the Pontifex Maximus to perform a piaculum in the name of the entire collegium.<br />
<br />
'''D. Other instructions.'''<br />
<br />
1. This decree does not apply retroactively.<br />
<br />
2. All the works submitted in addition of the applications for priesthood become the property of Nova Roma and are published on the Nova Roma website.<br />
<br />
'''E. Exemption procedures'''<br />
<br />
1. In exceptionally situations the Collegium Pontificum can waive partially these requirements if it is not in contradiction with the Constitution and the laws of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
2. The exemption is valid if approved by a vote of two-thirds of the Collegium Pontificum.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Decreta (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Cornelia_de_cursu_honorum_(Nova_Roma)Lex Cornelia de cursu honorum (Nova Roma)2015-04-14T06:47:01Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: wiki format</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Praetores}}<br />
<br />
{|width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|__NOTOC__<br />
|align="right"| <br />
{{LexStatusActive}}<br />
{{LexPassed <br />
| when={{Jul 30}} {{2013}}<br />
| com=Comitia centuriata <br />
| yes=30 | no=4 | abs=0 |<br />
}}<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<div class="scriptum"><br />
<br />
As a means of consolidating the laws regarding the eligibility of individuals to serve in magisterial positions (Section IV of the Constitution), this law seeks to make it easier for citizens to know the requirements to run and hold office as well as aid magistrates in cross checking the eligibility of candidates who wish to run for office.<br />
<br />
This lex repeals the following:<br />
<br />
* [[Lex Iunia de magistratuum aetate (Nova Roma)|Lex Iunia de magistratuum aetate]]<br />
* [[Lex Vedia de cursu honorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Vedia de cursu honorum]]<br />
<br />
==I==<br />
<br />
1. To run for and assume the office of Censor one must meet all of these requirements:<br />
* Must be at least 30 years old.<br />
* Must be an Assiduus/Assidua (tax payer).<br />
* Must have been a citizen of Nova Roma for at least 4 years.<br />
* Must have previously held the position of Praetor or Consul for at least 6 months OR held the position of Senator of Nova Roma for a year.<br />
<br />
2. To run for and assume the office of Consul one must meet all of these requirements:<br />
<br />
* Must be at least 30 years old<br />
* Must be an Assiduus/Assidua (tax payer).<br />
* Must have been a citizen of Nova Roma for at least 4 years.<br />
* Must have previously held the position of Praetor, or Tribune of the Plebs for at least 6 months; or have served as a Provincial Governor for at least 3 years; or Senator for a year.<br />
<br />
3. To run for and assume the office of Praetor (NOT Provincial Praetor) one must meet all of these requirements:<br />
<br />
* Must be at least 27 years old.<br />
* Must be an Assiduus/Assidua (Tax Payer).<br />
* Must have been a citizen of Nova Roma for at least 3 years.<br />
* Must have previously held one or more of the following positions for at least six months: Tribune of the Plebs, Plebeian Aedile, Curule Aedile, Quaestor, or Senator for 6 months.<br />
<br />
3a. To be appointed Provincial Governor one must meet all of these requirements:<br />
<br />
* Must be at least 27 years old<br />
* Must be an Assiduus/Assidua (Tax Payer).<br />
* Must have been a citizen of Nova Roma for at least 2 years.<br />
* Must have previously held one or more of the following positions for at least six months: Tribune of the Plebs, Plebeian Aedile, Curule Aedile, Quaestor, or a Senator for 6 months. An applicant may substitute service in an apparitor position for at least one year for the previous requirements.<br />
<br />
EXEMPTION: In the case of this position only, the senate may waive the previously held exemption if and only if no other candidate steps forward to serve as Governor/Provincial Praetor of a province.<br />
<br />
4. To run for and assume the office of Curule Aedile one must meet all of these requirements:<br />
<br />
* Must be at least 25 years old<br />
* Must be an Assiduus/Assidua (Tax payer).<br />
* Must have been a citizen of Nova Roma for at least 2 years.<br />
* Must have previously held the position of Plebeian Aedile, Provincial Governor, Quaestor or a Senator for at least 6 months.<br />
<br />
5. To run for and assume the office of Quaestor one must meet all of these requirements:<br />
<br />
* Must be at least 21 years old.<br />
* Must be an Assiduus/Assidua (Tax Payer).<br />
* Must have been a citizen of Nova Roma for at least a year.<br />
* Must have previously have held the position of an Apparitor for at least 6 months of service.<br />
<br />
6. To be appointed as an election official, minor magistrate, or Apparitor of Nova Roma as defined by IV.A.8 or IV.A.9 of the Constitution of Nova Roma one must meet all of these requirements '''*''':<br />
<br />
* Must be at least 18 years of age.<br />
* Must be an Assiduus/Assidua (Tax Payer).<br />
* Must be a citizen of Nova Roma for at least 6 months.<br />
<br />
''* Serving in the positions that fall under the umbrella that are classified under item 6 are generally described to be our entry level positions within Nova Roma and we encourage any and all citizens to being their process of learning about Nova Roma and volunteering their time in one of the many apparitore positions that are available both within one’s province and within the positions that serve Nova Roma in its entirety (consul, censor, praetor.).''<br />
<br />
==II==<br />
<br />
Age Exemption Procedure<br />
<br />
An age Exemption can be granted to a person by the approval of both Censors and receiving an age dispensation via Senatus Consultum from the Senate of Nova Roma via 2/3s approval of the Senate of Nova Roma<br />
<br />
Citizens who wish to run for office must present the Consuls with their petition for exemption to the age restriction.<br />
<br />
In the case of the annual December magisterial elections, such petitions must be presented to the Consuls no later than the 15th of October.<br />
<br />
In the case of mid-year elections, such petitions must be presented to the Consuls as soon as possible, but the presentation of such petitions shall not be regarded as sufficient reason to postpone replacement elections more than thirty days as required by the Constitution, and the right of underage cives to run for office shall not override the Constitutional requirement to fill vacant magistracies in a timely manner.<br />
<br />
The petition will include the following information: a. Full Roman name b. Length of Citizenship c. Prior experience within Nova Roma d. The office for which the applicant intends to run<br />
<br />
The Consuls shall present the petition to the Senate for a vote in such manner as to allow due consideration of the petition.<br />
<br />
==III==<br />
<br />
There shall be no exemption for citizens who are not in the Assiduus/Assidua status or any other magisterial requirement unless directly specified in this lex.<br />
<br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[Category:Leges (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Talk:VertumnusTalk:Vertumnus2014-09-25T07:11:34Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: NfD information</p>
<hr />
<div>==Nomination for Deletion==<br />
<br />
Reason for nomination: Plagiarism<br />
<br />
Both the content of the page and the summary entered when the page was created indicate that this page was simply copied from the Wikipedia. -- [[User:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus|Q Caecilius Metellus Postumianus]] 09:11, 25 September 2014 (CEST)</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/LiberaliaLiberalia2014-09-25T07:04:37Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: mark overquoting</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Overquoting | page | passage}}<br />
<br />
The festival of the Liberalia marked the passage of young male Romans into manhood. Priests and aged priestesses,<br />
adorned with garlands of ivy, carried through the city wine, honey,<br />
cakes, and sweet-meats, together with an altar with a handle (''ansata<br />
ara''), in the middle of which there was a small fire-pan (''foculus''), in<br />
which from time to time sacrifices were burnt. On this day Roman youths who had attained their sixteenth year<br />
received the ''toga virilis''. The boys removed the phallic bullae<br />
charms - which had protected them in youth - from around their necks<br />
and offered them to the household gods. Their fathers took them to the<br />
Forum in Rome and presented them as adults and citizens. This was in<br />
the days when male rites of passage were encouraged.<br />
<br />
An ''infans'' was incapable of doing any legal act. An impubes, who had<br />
passed the limits of infantia, could do any legal act with the<br />
auctoritas of his tutor; without such auctoritas he could only do<br />
those acts which were for his benefit. With the attainment of<br />
pubertas, a person obtained the full power of his property, and the<br />
tutela ceased: he could also dispose of his property by will; and he<br />
could contract marriage.<br />
<br />
<br />
"There’s a popular festival of Bacchus, on the third day<br />
After the Ides: Bacchus, favour the poet who sings your feast.<br />
I’ll not speak about Semele: you’d have been born defenceless,<br />
If it hadn’t been that Jupiter brought her his lightning too.<br />
Nor will I tell how the mother’s labour was fulfilled<br />
In a father’s body, so you might duly be born their son.<br />
It would take long to tell of the conquered Sithonians,<br />
And the Scythians, and the races of incense-bearing India.<br />
I’ll be silent about you too, Pentheus, sad prey to your own mother,<br />
And you Lycurgus, who killed your own son in madness.<br />
Lo, I’d like to speak of the monstrous Tyrrhenians, who<br />
Suddenly became dolphins, but that’s not the task of this verse.<br />
The task of this verse is to set out the reasons, <br />
Why a vine-planter sells his cakes to the crowd.<br />
Liber, before your birth the altars were without offerings,<br />
And grass appeared on the stone-cold hearths.<br />
They tell how you set aside the first fruits for Jupiter,<br />
After subduing the Ganges region, and the whole of the East.<br />
You were the first to offer up cinnamon and incense<br />
From conquered lands, and the roast entrails of triumphal oxen.<br />
Libations derive their name from their originator,<br />
And cake (liba) since a part is offered on the sacred hearth.<br />
Honey-cakes are baked for the god, because he delights in sweet<br />
Substances, and they say that Bacchus discovered honey.<br />
He was travelling from sandy Hebrus, accompanied<br />
By Satyrs, (my tale contains a not-unpleasant jest)<br />
And he’d come to Mount Rhodope, and flowering Pangaeus:<br />
With the cymbals clashing in his companions’ hands. <br />
Behold unknown winged things gather to the jangling,<br />
Bees, that follow after the echoing bronze.<br />
Liber gathered the swarm and shut it in a hollow tree,<br />
And was rewarded with the prize of discovering honey.<br />
Once the Satyrs, and old bald-headed Silenus, had tasted it,<br />
They searched for the yellow combs in every tree.<br />
The old fellow heard a swarm humming in a hollow elm,<br />
Saw the honeycombs, but pretended otherwise:<br />
And sitting lazily on his hollow-backed ass,<br />
He rode it up to the elm where the trunk was hollow.<br />
He stood and leant on the stump of a branch,<br />
And greedily reached for the honey hidden inside.<br />
But thousands of hornets gathered, thrusting their stings<br />
Into his bald head, leaving their mark on his snub-nosed face.<br />
He fell headlong, and received a kick from the ass,<br />
As he shouted to his friends and called for help.<br />
The Satyrs ran up, and laughed at their father’s face,<br />
While he limped about on his damaged knee.<br />
Bacchus himself laughed and showed him the use of mud:<br />
Silenus took his advice, and smeared his face with clay.<br />
Father Liber loves honey: its right to offer its discoverer<br />
Glittering honey diffused through oven-warm cakes.<br />
The reason why a woman presides isn’t obscure:<br />
Bacchus stirs crowds of women with his thyrsus.<br />
Why an old woman, you ask? That age drinks more,<br />
And loves the gifts of the teeming vine.<br />
Why is she wreathed with ivy? Ivy’s dearest to Bacchus:<br />
And why that’s so doesn’t take long to tell.<br />
They say that when Juno his stepmother was searching<br />
For the boy, the nymphs of Nysa hid the cradle in ivy leaves.<br />
It remains for me to reveal why the toga virilis, the gown <br />
Of manhood, is given to boys on your day, Bacchus:<br />
Whether it’s because you seem to be ever boy or youth,<br />
And your age is somewhere between the two:<br />
Or because you’re a father, fathers commend their sons,<br />
Their pledges of love, to your care and divinity:<br />
Or because you’re Liber, the gown of liberty<br />
And a more liberated life are adopted, for you: <br />
Or is it because, in the days when the ancients tilled the fields<br />
More vigorously, and Senators worked their fathers’ land,<br />
And ‘rods and axes’ took Consuls from the curving plough,<br />
And it wasn’t a crime to have work-worn hands,<br />
The farmers came to the City for the games,<br />
(Though that was an honour paid to the gods, and not <br />
Their inclination: and the grape’s discoverer held his games<br />
This day, while now he shares that of torch-bearing Ceres):<br />
And the day seemed not unfitting for granting the toga,<br />
So that a crowd could celebrate the fresh novice?<br />
Father turn your mild head here, and gentle horns,<br />
And spread the sails of my art to a favourable breeze.<br />
If I remember rightly, on this, and the preceding day,<br />
Crowds go to the Argei (their own page will tell who they are).<br />
The Kite star turns downwards near <br />
The Lycaonian Bear: on this night it’s first visible.<br />
If you wish to know who raised that falcon to heaven,<br />
It was when Saturn had been dethroned by Jupiter:<br />
Angered, he stirred the mighty Titans to battle,<br />
And sought whatever help the Fates could grant him.<br />
There was a bull, a marvellous monster, born of Mother<br />
Earth, the hind part of which was of serpent-form:<br />
Warned by the three Fates, grim Styx had imprisoned him<br />
In dark woods, surrounded by triple walls.<br />
There was a prophecy that whoever burnt the entrails<br />
Of the bull, in the flames, would defeat the eternal gods.<br />
Briareus sacrificed it with an adamantine axe,<br />
And was about to set the innards on the flames:<br />
But Jupiter ordered the birds to snatch them: and the Kite <br />
Brought them, and his service set him among the stars." - Ovid, Fasti III<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Roman religion]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Talk:IustitiaTalk:Iustitia2014-09-25T06:57:59Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: NfD information</p>
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<div>==Nomination for Deletion==<br />
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Reason for nomination: Plagiarism<br />
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Both the content of the page and the summary entered when the page was created indicate that this page was simply copied from the Wikipedia. -- [[User:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus|Q Caecilius Metellus Postumianus]] 08:57, 25 September 2014 (CEST)</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Template:AfDTemplate:AfD2014-09-25T06:52:00Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: minor fix to date format</p>
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</noinclude></div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Senate_Membership_for_2751Senate Membership for 27512014-09-25T06:42:01Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: link to individual pages</p>
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<div>'''ALBUM SENATORIUM 2751 a.u.c.'''<br />
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="85%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Chr. rank<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Name<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Entered on<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Out on<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Reintegrated on<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Observation<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | 1<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | '''[[Flavius Vedius Germanicus (Nova Roma)|Flavius Vedius Germanicus]]'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Mar. 1, 1998 (Kal. Mart. 2751 auc)<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Sep. 7, 1998 (a.d. VII Id. Sep. 2751 auc)<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Dec. 22, 1998 (a.d. XI Kal. Ian. 2752 auc)<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Founder<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | 2<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | '''[[Marcus Cassius Iulianus (Nova Roma)|Marcus Cassius Iulianus]]'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Mar. 1, 1998 (Kal. Mart. 2751 auc)<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Founder<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | 3<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" |'''[[Decius Iunius Palladius Invictus (Nova Roma)|Decius Iunius Palladius]]'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Mar. 1, 1998 (Kal. Mart. 2751 auc)<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Original member<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | 4<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | '''[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus (Nova Roma)|Quintus Caecilius Metellus]]'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Mar. 1, 1998 (Kal. Mart. 2751 auc)<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Original member<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | 5<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | '''[[Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus Augur (Nova Roma)|Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus]]'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Sep. 10, 1998 (a.d. VI Id. Sep. 2751 auc)<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Appointed Member<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | 6<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | '''[[Flavia Claudia Iuliana (Nova Roma)|Flavia Claudia Iuliana]]'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Dec. 22, 1998 (a.d. XI Kal. Ian. 2752 auc)<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | Appointed Member<br />
|}<br />
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[[Category:Senate sessions (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Lucius_Ulpius_Atellus_(Nova_Roma)Lucius Ulpius Atellus (Nova Roma)2014-09-25T06:33:06Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: /* Cursus honorum */ minor correction + link</p>
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<div>'''Lucius Ulpius Atellus''' serves as Procurator Factionis Venetus and helped organize the [[Neptunalia ludos intramural 2766]].<br />
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==[[Cursus honorum (Nova Roma)|''Cursus honorum'']]==<br />
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*'''[[Tribunus plebis (Nova Roma)|Tribunus Plebis]]'''<br />
:''Elected by the [[Comitia Plebis Tributa (Nova Roma)|Comitia Plebis Tributa]] on {{Dec 1}} (Dec 1)''<br />
:{{2013}} - ''2013''<br />
<br />
==Other posts==<br />
<br />
*'''[[Factio Veneta (Nova Roma)|Procurator factionis]]'''<br />
:''Factio Veneta, the Blues''<br />
:{{2013}} - ''Present''<br />
<br />
*'''[[Scriba (Nova Roma)|Scriba]]'''<br />
:to Aedilis curulis, [[Lucius Vitellius Triarius (Nova Roma)| L. Vitellius Triarius]]<br />
:{{2014}} - Present<br />
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==Provincial posts==<br />
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*'''[[Governor (Nova Roma)|Legatus pro praetor]]'''<br />
:''for [[Provincia Georgia Florida (Nova_Roma)|Provincia Georgia Florida]]''<br />
:Appointed by the Senate on {{Dec 12}} (Dec 12)<br />
:{{2013}} - ''Present''<br />
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[[Category:Factio Veneta|Ulpius Atellus, L.]]<br />
[[Category: Magistrates (Nova Roma)|Ulpius Atellus, L.]]<br />
[[Category: Gens Ulpia (Nova Roma)|Ulpius Atellus, L.]]<br />
[[Category: Provincia Georgia Florida (Nova Roma)|Ulpius Atellus, L.]]<br />
[[Category: Provincia Georgia Florida - Citizens (Nova Roma)|Ulpius Atellus, L.]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Vibius_Valerius_Volusus_(Nova_Roma)Vibius Valerius Volusus (Nova Roma)2014-02-09T03:45:04Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: add cursus and cat</p>
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<div>{{BioHeader|name=Vibius Valerius Volusus|id=13674}}<br />
'''Vibius Valerius Volusus''' is paterfamilias of a proud plebeian family: Familia Valeria Volusa, celebrants of the ancient lineage of the gens Valeria; who were great founders and defenders of the Early Res Publica Romana Antiqua.<br />
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Volusus became a citizen of Nova Roma Februarius MMDCCLXIV a.u.c. and immediately began to participate in the cultural and political life of the Res Publica. He won a literary competition in the Ludi, and a Mythology competition and was very soon drafted into service by the Curule Aedile Sta. Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia to help organize the Ludi Romani MMDCCLXIV.<br />
<br />
==[[Cursus Honorum (Nova Roma)|''Cursus Honorum'']]==<br />
<br />
* [[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|''Tribunus Plebis'']]<br />
:{{2012}}<br />
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[[Category: Magistrates (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Senatus_consultum_de_ratione_senatus_MMDCCLIX_(Nova_Roma)Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLIX (Nova Roma)2014-02-09T00:48:48Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix cat due to repeal</p>
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<div>{|width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|__TOC__<br />
|align="right"| <br />
{{SenConStatusRepealed}}<br />
{{SenConPassed <br />
| when={{Aug 6}} {{2006}}<br />
| yes=23 | no=0 | abs=2 <br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
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'''Note: parenthesised section titles within are unofficial, and are present for convenience only'''<br />
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<div class="scriptum"><br />
In accordance with paragraph V.D. of the [[Current constitution (Nova Roma)|Constitution of Nova Roma]], the Senatus Consultum de Ratione Senatus is hereby enacted to set forth the rules and procedures for debate and the taking of votes in the Senate.<br />
<br />
===(Informal Senate Discussion)===<br />
I. Any member of the Senate may, at his discretion, introduce a topic for discussion by sharing it with the rest of the Senate. Such discussion is to be encouraged, but should not be mistaken for the formal process of calling for a vote on a given issue, which may only be done after the Senate has been convened for such a purpose, and by procedures as described below.<br />
<br />
===(Convening the Senate)===<br />
II. The Senate may be convened by a [[Consul (Nova Roma)|consul]], [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|praetor]], or [[Tribunus plebis (Nova Roma)|tribunus plebis]]. The magistrate convening the Senate shall hereafter be referred to as the presiding magistrate.<br />
:A. A consul may convene the Senate for any purpose.<br />
:B. A praetor may convene the Senate for any purpose when both consuls are unavailable.<br />
:C. A tribunus plebis may convene the Senate in order to ask the Senate's advice on any subject which is clearly within the scope of his or her constitutionally mandated powers and obligations.<br />
<br />
===(Notifying the Senate)===<br />
III. Prior to convening the Senate, all of the members of the Senate, and all those by law permitted to witness the discussions of the senate, must be informed no less than twenty-four hours prior to the Senate being formally convened. This is to be accomplished by sending a simple e-mail of intent to the Senate e-mail list by the presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
===(Presenting Items to the Senate)===<br />
IV. After the interval described in section III above, the presiding magistrate may convene the Senate and present one or more matters for their consideration. Should the presiding magistrate wish to do so, he may yield the floor to a member of the Senate or another magistrate, allowing that person to present one or more items for the Senate's consideration.<br />
<br />
===(Procedure for Senate Debate)===<br />
V. Once the matters for consideration have been presented, each of the members of the Senate may offer their opinions thereon. The debate shall be limited to the presiding magistrate, members of the Senate, and any magistrate which the presiding magistrate has allowed to present items in accord with section IV above. The tribunes of the plebs, shall keep the citizens informed as to the progress and content of the debate. There shall be no limit on the length of the opinions rendered.<br />
:A. Debate is to be conducted via electronic mail through the Senate e-mail list (the exception being a face-to-face meeting described below), and each Senator shall have up to ninety-six hours to issue his or her opinion. Should that time elapse, the Senator shall be assumed to have abrogated his right to speak on the issues at hand (but such silence shall not be considered a waiver of the right to vote thereon).<br />
:B. Senator who is unable to vote may, during the debate phase, give his proxy to another member of the Senate, as long as such is done openly and within the prescribed period of debate.<br />
<br />
===(Voting)===<br />
VI. Once each Senator has been given the opportunity to state his position on the issues under discussion, the presiding magistrate shall call the issue to a vote. Voting shall be done openly on the Senate e-mail list, and matters being voted on shall be decided by majority vote unless otherwise mandated.<br />
:A. Voting is to be conducted on the Senate e-mail list, unless it is conducted in a face-to-face venue, and each Senator shall have at least forty-eight hours to cast his or her vote. Should the voting period elapse, any Senator that has yet to vote shall be assumed to have abrogated his or her right to vote on the matters at hand.<br />
<br />
:B. On items that are presented for approval by affirmative or negative vote, a Senator may either vote or abstain from voting as follows:<br />
::1. An AFFIRMATIVE vote is registered by the Senator's statement of "YES", "UTI ROGAS", or another clearly synonymous phrase of support;<br />
::2. A NEGATIVE vote is registered by the Senator's statement of "NO", "ANTIQUO", or another clearly synonymous phrase of opposition;<br />
::3. An ABSTENTION is expressed with the Senator's statement of "ABSTINEO", "I ABSTAIN", by leaving the item blank, or with another clearly synonymous phrase of neutrality. Such abstentions are not considered to be votes, and are not counted when calculating the number required for a majority as defined below. Abstentions do not diminish the number of Senators considered present when determining whether a quorum is achieved.<br />
<br />
:C. Except where otherwise stated, a Senatus Consultum is enacted when the number of affirmative votes (as described above) equals or exceeds the number required for a "simple majority".<br />
::1. Simple Majority: A simple majority is defined as the number of affirmative votes plus the number of negative votes, divided by two, with one added to that result. Abstentions are not counted when determining this number. An equivalent result may be obtained by directly comparing the numbers of affirmative and negative votes, again ignoring abstentions; if the number of affirmative votes EXCEEDS (not merely equals) the number of negative votes, the item has succeeded, and the Senate has voted in favour of the item.<br />
::2. Super Majority: When particular items are required by law to have a super majority of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative and negative votes (ignoring abstentions), multiplying by the fraction required by law, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
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:D. The presiding magistrate must stipulate the voting period of no less than forty-eight, and no more than ninety-six hours. The voting period shall be stipulated at the time that the Senate is called to a vote and cannot be shortened by the presiding magistrate, but can be extended up to the ninety-six hour maximum.<br />
:E. It is recommended that the voting period begin at sunrise in Rome on the first day of the voting period and end at sunset in Rome on the last day of the voting period.<br />
<br />
===(Publishing of Results)===<br />
VII. Once voting on the matters at hand is complete, one of the tribunus plebis shall inform the people of the outcome of the vote and the presiding magistrate shall officially end the meeting of the Senate.<br />
<br />
===(Physical Meetings)===<br />
VIII. When a meeting of the Senate is conducted in a face-to-face session the following special conditions apply:<br />
<br />
:A. The debate phase shall last as long as necessary, giving each Senator present the opportunity to discuss each item on the agenda. The debate phase shall end after every Senator has been given the opportunity to speak, waiving a right to speak does not waive a Senators right to vote.<br />
:B. Voting shall start after the debate phase has ended and shall continue until every Senator present has voted. Voting shall be done by a show of hands or some other equally unambiguous method.<br />
:C. Senate meetings shall occur only between sunrise and sunset. A meeting may adjourn for the night and reconvene the next morning at the discretion of the presiding magistrate.<br />
:D. Senate meetings should occur, if possible, in a public building which has been consecrated according to specifications established by the [[Collegium augurum (Nova Roma)|Collegium Augurium]].<br />
:E. Voting shall be done by a show of hands or some other equally unambiguous method.<br />
<br />
===(Superceding previous procedures)===<br />
IX. The procedures indicated here shall supersede all other approved Senate voting procedures including, but not limited to, the [[Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLVIII (Nova Roma)|procedure approved on a.d. III Id. Nov. MMDCCLVI 11 Nov 2756]].<br />
</div><br />
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[[Category:Repealed senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|2006 08 06]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLIX]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Senatus_consultum_de_ratione_senatus_MMDCCLXV_(Nova_Roma)Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLXV (Nova Roma)2014-02-09T00:47:53Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: add link</p>
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<div>[[Category:Senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|2012 {{#time:m|Jan}} {{padleft:31|2|0}}]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLXV]]<br />
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{|width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|__TOC__<br />
|align="right"| <br />
{{SenConStatusActive}}<br />
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{{SenConPassed <br />
| when={{Jan 31}} {{2012}}<br />
| yes=12 | no=5 | abs=0<br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
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<div class="scriptum"><br />
Under the authority of section V.F. of the [[Current constitution (Nova Roma)|Constitution of Nova Roma]], the Senatus Consultum de Ratione Senatus MMDCCLXV is hereby enacted to set forth the rules governing the internal procedures of the Senate.<br />
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==I. DEFINITIONS==<br />
<br />
The definitions below shall be the only meaning applicable to their usage in this Senatus consultum. Any requirement(s), limit(s) or other condition(s) specified within a definition shall have the full legal force of this Senatus Consultum attached to it and therefore compliance with such a requirement(s), limit(s) or other condition(s) shall be mandatory. The absence of a definition in this section shall not be construed as any lack of full legal force of the word or phrase in question. Other sections of this Senatus consultum may also provide definitions for words or phrases not included in this section. Issues over meaning of a phrase or word shall be resolved under section XVIII of this Senatus consultum. Inclusion of quotation marks around a word or phrase and its highlighting in bold type in section I of this Senatus consultum is only for ease of reference to indicate that such a word or phrase is included in section I of this Senatus consultum and no additional or lesser legal force shall be construed from that. Exclusion of quotation marks around a word or phrase and any highlighting in bold type in any section of this Senatus consultum shall not construe any additional or lesser legal force arising from that exclusion, nor shall it be construed that such a word or phrase has a different meaning or definition from an identical occurrence of it in section I of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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* Active agenda item: An item on the agenda that has not been withdrawn.<br />
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* Agenda: The list of items that are initially proposed for debate during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” contained within the “call to convene”, and which may subsequently amended according to the terms of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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* Arbitrate: With or without invitation by all, or by any, of the parties to a dispute or disagreement, make an authoritative decision to resolve such a dispute or disagreement, and to have the authority to compel all the parties to accept and/or comply with that result. Such a resolve shall be a final and absolute result not subject to any appeal.<br />
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* Another magistrate / other magistrate: A magistrate, not being a “member of the senate”, who has been specifically permitted by the “presiding magistrate” to address the Senate during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. This definition includes a curule aedile, a plebeian aedile, a quaestor, any other person elected by one of the comitia, a governor of a Nova Roman province, a provincial magistrate of first to fourth rank, a magistrate of an oppidum or municipium and any person appointed by the Senate to their position. This definition does not include a scribe and accensus, who shall not be permitted to join the “Senate list” unless he/she is also, in addition to that position of scribe or accensus already a “member of the Senate”. The invitation to such “another magistrate” is for one “formal meeting of the Senate in session” only. Such a magistrate is bound by all the restrictions in relation to posting, conduct, and confidentiality within this Senatus Consultum. There must be a clearly established and pressing need for such “other magistrate” to have access to the “Senate list” during the session and the “presiding magistrate” shall explain that need in his/her “call to order”. If in the opinion of the princeps senatus there has been a flagrant abuse of this right of invitation with no such need established, or there was no reason for the need stated in the “call to order”, then such behaviour on the part of the “presiding magistrate” shall be deemed to be “contempt of the Senate”. For the purposes of posting to the “Senate list” during the “debate period”, this “other magistrate” must first obtain either specific permission for each such post, or a standing right of posting for any time during the “debate period”. The standing right applies only to that one “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The choice between specific permission and standing right is at the discretion of the “presiding magistrate”.<br />
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* Both consuls are unavailable/unavailable: When both consuls have indicated, by means of individual messages from each Consul posted to the “Senate list”, that they will be unavailable to receive and send messages to the Senate list for a period of time that includes the entire period of time that the “call to convene” post and the “call to order” post is made by a praetor or the princeps senatus.<br />
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* Business of the Senate: The functions, fulfilment of the purposes of and compliance with the lawful duties of the Senate, such functions, purposes and duties being as defined within the “legal code”. Also this includes the management and operation of the “Senate list”.<br />
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* Call for order: A post made by a presiding magistrate for purpose of restoring order to the Senate list, where if in the opinion of the presiding magistrate a post(s) is/are likely to lead to a violation of III.E, either by the member of the Senate or other magistrate posting such or by another member(s) of the Senate or other magistrate, then he/she may issue a post to the Senate list titled “Call for order” in the subject line of that post. He/she may attach such directions in the body of the post as are necessary in his/her opinion to prevent such a violation. Such directions shall not include a stated or implied sanction. The presiding magistrate may issue as many calls for order as he/she deems necessary in relation to any occurrence of such a type of posting, until it is clear that the risk of a violation of III.E has, in his/her opinion, ceased. Should such a call for order not be complied with then it may be deemed to be contempt of the Senate at the discretion of the presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
* Call to close: A post by the presiding magistrate sent to the “Senate list” stating that the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” has concluded. The presiding magistrate may include comments in the “call to close”. The “call to close” must have no other function than notifying the Senate of the close of session. After the “call to close” is posted no further business of the Senate that requires a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” shall be conducted without the issue of a new “call to convene”.<br />
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* Call to convene: A post by the presiding magistrate sent to the “Senate list” stating his/her intent to “call the Senate to order”. This post is the commencement of the process to initiate a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”.<br />
<br />
* Call to order / called to order / call the Senate to order: A post of the presiding magistrate during the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” indicating that Senate is in session. This shall be issued either at or after the time and date when the session first commences as defined in the “call to convene”, or following the expiration of a recess of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. No “business of the Senate” shall be conducted until the “call to order” has been posted. The most recent periods of time allocated to debate and/or voting shall continue to decrease after the time and date of the “call to order”, as specified in the “call to convene”, or after the expiration of a period of recess in the “call to recess”, whether the “call to order” is posted or not. The “call to order” shall also include the most recent “agenda”.<br />
<br />
* Call to recess: A post by the “presiding magistrate” sent to the “Senate list” stating his/her intent to recess the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” until a time and date as specified in that post. The most recent periods of time allocated to debate and/or voting shall cease to decrease after the “call to recess” is posted and no “business of the Senate” that requires a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” shall be conducted until the expiration of the period of recess and the “call to order” is posted.<br />
<br />
* Call to vote: A post by the presiding magistrate on the “Senate list” that initiates the “voting period”. No “voting posts” shall be posted until the “call to vote” is posted.<br />
<br />
* Closed session: A discussion on an “active agenda” item of a confidential nature that automatically invokes the requirement of the tribunes to confer with the Senate as under the requirements of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the [[Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum]]. This requirement shall exist and survive regardless of any superseding, alteration or repeal of, the above sections of/the entire Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum.<br />
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* Collegiately: A state of affairs where two magistrates have to agree to an act, or to a decision, before that act or decision can be legally held to exist.<br />
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* Debate period / period of debate: The period of time in a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” during which the “agenda” is discussed and which must be no less than 96 hours in length. No voting may occur during this period.<br />
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* Deemed: A state of affairs, or a fact, the existence of which is created by provision of this Senatus consultum. Once deemed to exist by this Senatus consultum then that state of affairs, or fact, shall for the purposes of, and within the context of, this Senatus consultum so exist.<br />
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* Disappearance of more than 30 days: Where a magistrate has failed to communicate with his/her colleague, or in a communication venue, for at least 30 days and where no known statement of future absence with a return date specified has been published by the magistrate in a communication venue prior to the 30 day period.<br />
<br />
* Draft Senatus consultum / draft Senatus consultum ultimum: The final version of a proposed Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum that is put to the vote. If passed and then when enacted, such a draft becomes a “legal instrument”.<br />
<br />
* Enacted: When an agenda item has passed then the Senatus consultum, or Senatus consultum ultimum, that was the subject of that “active agenda item” and that was included in the items put to the vote receives the immediate force of law upon the posting of the “official result of the vote”. Also, the posting of a “rule of session” shall cause it to be enacted.<br />
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* Extraordinary majority: When particular items are required by “law” to have a “extraordinary majority” of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative and negative votes (ignoring abstentions), multiplying by the fraction required under the legal code, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
<br />
:For the purposes of this Senatus consultum any requirement for an “extraordinary majority” shall require a majority vote of at least four fifths (4/5ths) of all the “voting members of the Senate” as recorded on the Album senatorum, which can be found here: [[:Category:Senators_(Nova_Roma)]]<br />
:A calculation of 4/5ths that produces a result that includes less than one senator shall be rounded up to next whole number so for example 11.2 as a calculation of 4/5ths becomes 12.<br />
<br />
* Favourable: In the context of the auspices, a result that indicates no reason to delay a proposed “formal meeting of the Senate in session”, based on observations made by the person taking the auspices and where such observations are subject to rules of interpretation enacted by the Collegium augurum.<br />
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* Final authority: On matters relating to the internal procedures of the Senate as defined by this Senatus consultum and “rules of session”.<br />
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* Forbidden / prohibited: A requirement that, in respect of an act, or attempted act, that is “illegal”, places a lawful compulsion, and a lawful requirement for obedience with that compulsion, on the person committing the act, or attempting to do so, to either immediately cease that act and/or rescind that act and reverse and cancel any consequences that flow from it, or if an attempt then not to undertake such an act.<br />
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* Force of law: To be possessed of the proportionate weight of legal authority granted under the Constitution of Nova Roma to an item that is defined as “law”.<br />
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* Formal meeting of the Senate in session / session: The period of time between the time and date of the “call to convene” and the time and date of the “call to close” of a session of the Senate. This period of time is the only time that the “business of the Senate” can be addressed by way of Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum.<br />
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* Grossly inaccurate: The reported summary of a post being so obviously a complete distortion of the actual contents of the post.<br />
<br />
* Holds the rods / hold the rods: A state of affairs deriving from the right to the fasces and in Nova Roma where a consul (or praetor) exercises the exclusive right in respect of his/her colleague of equal rank, to conduct a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” for a set period of time. The set period of time is monthly though by mutual agreement between the consul (or praetor) who does not “hold the rods” and his/her magisterial colleague who does “hold the rods” this may change. Such a change may see the rods transferred on a single session basis, a session-to-session basis, for an entire month or any other arrangement that is agreeable to both colleagues. The senior consul, or the consul elected with most centuries, or in the case of a tie then the oldest, shall “hold the rods” first in the January of the next year following his/her election. A suffect consul shall “hold the rods” as and when his/her predecessor would have held them had he/she remained in office.<br />
<br />
* Inclusive: Includes all “sections” between the first and last quoted, including the first and last themselves.<br />
<br />
* Law: Those items defined as comprising the “legal code” with the exception of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
* Law passed in comitia: A lex.<br />
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* Lawful / legal: A state of affairs in accordance with the requirements of the “legal code” of Nova Roma and/or not contradicting a requirement of the “legal code”, and thus a state of affairs permitted under the “legal code”.<br />
<br />
* Legal code: The Constitution, leges, decreta, Senatus consultum ultima, Senatus consulta and edicta of Nova Roma Inc.<br />
<br />
* Legal instrument: A formal text that is one of those items defined as comprising the “law”.<br />
<br />
* Macronational: Being of the world outside of Nova Roma, excluding that which is of, from and in Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
* Management of Senate business: The administration of the functions, fulfilment of the purposes of and compliance with the lawful duties of the Senate, such functions, purposes and duties being as defined within the “legal code”. The princeps senatus may avail himself/herself of this definition for the purpose of, and reason for, issuing a “call to convene”, when those other magistrates defined as a “presiding magistrate”, excluding those that are Tribunes due to their having only limited legal scope of purpose in respect of a “call to convene”, are unavailable due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, death, resignation from the Senate, renunciation of citizenship, or a “disappearance of more than 30 days”,<br />
<br />
* May: (Not the calendar month) Optional and discretionary.<br />
<br />
* Member(s) of the Senate: Any person appointed to the Senate under III. [[Lex Popillia senatoria (Nova Roma)|Lex Popillia senatoria]] and any person having the right of ius sententiae dicendae under IV. Lex Popillia senatoria, and any person holding the office of a Nova Roman Tribune. All such persons must also be both a current citizen of Nova Roma and be recorded by the Censors as holding assidui status, by virtue of having paid the annual Nova Roman tax. For the purposes of posting to the “Senate list” during the debate period, a Tribune, who is not also a voting member of the Senate, must first obtain either specific permission for each such post, or a standing right of posting for any time during the debate period. The standing right applies only to that one “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The choice between specific permission and standing right is at the discretion of the “presiding magistrate”. A Tribune who is also a “voting member of the Senate” may post without specific permission or standing right.<br />
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* Must / shall: A mandatory requirement. Failure to perform that specified requirement shall render the act attached to the condition illegal.<br />
<br />
* Official: State of being or existence of an object, office, position or other thing that has specific authorization or recognition within the “legal code” as being a formal part of Nova Roma, or which is specifically referred to within the “legal code” as official, authorized, state sponsored, state maintained or any similar phrase.<br />
<br />
* Official result of the vote: The final and validated result(s) of the calculations to determine whether an item(s) put to the vote during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” passed or failed to pass. No Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum shall be enacted until that final and validated result(s) has been posted to the “Senate list”.<br />
<br />
* Passed: Where after a calculation of result of votes cast, such calculation subject to the type of majority required, an item succeeds.<br />
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* Period of the session: The “debate period” or “voting period”<br />
<br />
* Presiding magistrate: The consul, praetor, tribune or the princeps senatus who intends to issue, or issues, or issued the “call to convene”. This term is only ever used in connection with a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The presiding magistrate that issued the call to convene must also issue the “call to order”, the “call to vote”, the “call to close” and any “call to recess”. The duties, honors, powers, limits and obligations of any member of the Senate who is a “presiding magistrate” shall be limited to only those as specified in this Senatus consultum.<br />
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* Prohibited day: Any day that the [[Decretum Pontificum de Calendario Perpetuo (Nova Roma)|Decretum Pontificum de Calendario Perpetuo]] decrees as dies nefastus publicus or dies fasti publici or ater dies. It is prohibited and illegal for a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” to take place on any such day.<br />
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* Prorogued: The re-appointment of a person in an official position for a term of office which if not specified shall be either the term as set by the “legal code”, or in the absence of such a provision in the “legal code” shall be for a term equal to the length of the expired term he/she held that office for immediately before the act of prorogation.<br />
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* Restricted day: Any day that the Decretum pontificum de calendario perpetuo decrees as: dies nefasti, annotated as (N), or dies endotercisi, annotated as (EN), quando rex comitiavit fas annotated as (QRCF), or quando stercus delatum fas, (QSTDF or QSDF), or is indicated as religiosus is deemed to be dies nefasti for the purpose of a determining if a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” can be conducted on a particular day.<br />
<br />
* Results of the vote: The preliminary result(s) of the calculations to determine whether an item(s) put to the vote during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” passed or failed to pass that have yet to be validated.<br />
<br />
* Rule of session: A temporary rule that shall have accorded to it the full force and legal authority of this Senatus consultum, as though it was specifically enshrined within this Senatus consultum, which is enacted solely for the purpose of resolving an issue that is not specifically covered by this Senatus consultum and where such a rule does not conflict or alter or constrain the application of any part of this Senatus consultum. Such a rule shall only be enacted, and only have force and legal authority, for the duration of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” in which it was created and issued. The princeps senatus shall post the “rule of session” to the “Senate list” and upon posting such a rule shall be enacted. A “rule of session” shall not, where a similar issue arises again, be binding by way of precedent upon the princeps senatus, his/her successor, or a person delegated under the terms of this Senatus consultum to act as princeps senatus, but instead shall be considered advice only. A record must be kept in the file section of the Senate list of all such rules issued, indicating the post number, time and date of enactment, content and the name of the princeps senatus enacting such a rule. Such rules may form the basis of subsequent amendments to this Senatus consultum. The expiration of the full force and legal authority of a “rule of session” due to the close of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” in which it was enacted shall not remove the full force and legal authority that “rule of session” had during that “formal meeting of the Senate in session”.<br />
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* Sanction: A lawful penalty and/or consequence of an act that is unlawful, illegal.<br />
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* Section(s): A section(s) is a part of the Constitution of Nova Roma or any other “legal instrument” that is delineated by the use of combinations of numerals and/or letters as described at XXI.B and XXI.C.<br />
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* Senate list: The electronic meeting place where a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” is held. Currently this is: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SenatusRomanus/<br />
:No other electronic meeting place shall be used for “formal meetings of the Senate in session”, though informal Senate discussion shall be held in such a place. Membership and/or participation in any other place or list, or using any other medium, that is used for informal Senate discussion is discretionary and must not be mandatory for a “member of the Senate”. Informal Senate discussion shall only take place on the Senate list when a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” is not in progress.<br />
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* Senate seal: A condition where all “members of the Senate” and any “other magistrate” are bound by confidentially and shall not report, or discuss, in any way with any other person(s) other than those who are “members of the Senate”, or any “other magistrate” who was present during such discussion, by any medium or means including but not limited to, regular mail, email, posting to lists or message boards, texting, telephone conversations, or in person conversations, the existence, nature and details of the “closed session” agenda item. The “presiding magistrate” invoking the “Senate seal” may specify a time period for which the “Senate seal “is in effect, but in the absence of such the time period is deemed to be in perpetuity or until released from the “Senate seal” conditions by that, or any subsequent, “presiding magistrate”. Such a release must be by means of the “presiding magistrate” releasing the “Senate seal” posting that decision to the “Senate list”. All “members of the Senate” are bound by the invocation of the “Senate seal”, whether they were present for the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” or not when the “Senate seal” was invoked.<br />
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* Senator: Person currently included in the Album senatorum<br />
<br />
* Simple Majority: A “simple majority” is defined as the number of affirmative votes plus the number of negative votes, divided by two, with one added to that result. Abstentions are not counted when determining this number. An equivalent result may be obtained by directly comparing the numbers of affirmative and negative votes, again ignoring abstentions; if the number of affirmative votes exceeds (not merely equals) the number of negative votes, the item has succeeded, and the Senate has voted in favour of the item.<br />
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* Super Majority / special majority: When particular items are required by law to have a “super majority” or “special majority” of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative (yes) and negative (no) votes while ignoring abstentions, multiplying by the fraction required under the “legal code”, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
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:For the purposes of a change to the Constitution of Nova Roma and as required by I.D of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the type of majority required shall be described in this Senatus consultum as a “super majority” or “special majority”. For the purposes of I.D of the Constitution of Nova Roma the fraction required is a majority vote of at least two thirds (2/3rds) of all the “voting members of the Senate” as recorded on the Album senatorum, which can be found here: [[:Category:Senators_(Nova_Roma)]]<br />
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:A calculation of 2/3rds that produces a result that includes less than one senator shall be rounded up to next whole number so for example 10.777 as a calculation of 2/3rds becomes 11.<br />
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* Terms of Service / ToS: The combination of:<br />
**the contents of the general Terms of Service (ToS) of Yahoo! Inc that can be located here: http://info.yahoo.com/legal/us/yahoo/utos/utos-173.html<br />
**and the contents Yahoo! Inc. Groups Guidelines that can be located here: http://groups.yahoo.com/local/guidelines.html<br />
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* Unfavourable: In the context of the auspices, a result that indicates a reason to delay a proposed “formal meeting of the Senate in session”, based on observations made by the person taking the auspices and where such observations are subject to rules of interpretation enacted by the Collegium augurum.<br />
<br />
* Unlawful / illegal: A state of affairs or act in not in accordance with the requirements of the “legal code” and/or contradicting a requirement of the “legal code”, and thus a state of affairs or act not permitted under the “legal code”. A person is not required to comply or obey with the intent or consequences of such a state of affairs or act<br />
<br />
* Voting member(s) of the Senate: Any person appointed to the Senate under III. Lex Popillia senatoria and any person having the right of ius sententiae dicendae under IV.A or IV.C Lex Popillia senatoria, excluding at IV.C Lex Popillia senatoria a Tribune, and any person holding the office of Tribune who is also a person appointed to the Senate under III. Lex Popillia senatoria, or any person holding the office of Tribune who also holds a right to vote in the Senate granted by the Lex Popillia. A Tribune not being a Senator or who does not also hold a right to vote in the Senate granted by the Lex Popillia senatoria cannot vote in the Senate, and shall not be defined as a “voting member of the Senate”, as prohibited from doing so by IV.A Lex Popillia senatoria and/or by this definition of “voting member of the Senate, by right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma. A “voting member of the Senate” shall have the right to post to the “Senate list” without asking prior permission to do so, unless he/she is subject to a lawful sanction, lawfully imposed under any section of this Senatus consultum concerning such sanction(s).<br />
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* Voting period / period of voting: The period of time in a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” during which the “voting members of the Senate” cast their votes. That period must be no less than 48 hours in length and no greater than 96 hours in length. No debate shall take place during this period, except as permitted under VII.G.7.<br />
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* Voting posts: The posts made by “voting members of the Senate” by which mechanism those members register a vote according to the requirements of VII.G on items presented to the vote.<br />
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* Withdrawal / withdrawn: Removing an item from the agenda of a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” and thus removing the right of a “member of the Senate” or “other magistrate” to post further on that item after the time and date of removal, and removing the right of a “voting member of the Senate” to vote on that item.<br />
<br />
==II. INFORMAL SENATE DISCUSSION==<br />
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A. Any member of the Senate may, at his/her discretion, when a formal meeting of the Senate in session is not being held, introduce any topic for discussion by sharing it with the rest of the Senate by means of posting to the Senate list.<br />
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B. No call to convene, call to order, or call to close is required to start or end an informal Senate discussion. A vote may not take place nor any Senatus Consultum or Senatus Consultum Ultimum be enacted during informal Senate discussion.<br />
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C. Members of the Senate remain bound by the requirements of XII.E. Moderation of posting rights shall not occur during informal Senate discussion, unless in the opinion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, that such discussion has resulted in a violation of XII.E, in which case the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, must:<br />
<br />
:1. Post a requirement to the Senate list for the member of the Senate who, in his/her or their opinion, violated XII.E to cease posting. A period of time maybe requested, but not imposed, during which the member of the Senate should desist from posting. At the expiration of such time, which must be no greater than 4 hours, the member of the Senate can post freely without further sanction, provided he/she does not further violate XII.E.<br />
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:2. Should that member of the Senate fail and/or refuse to comply with the direction to cease posting and continue posting in a manner that in the opinion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors has, or is likely to, lead to a breach of XII.E, then that member of the Senate may have his/her posting rights set to a moderated status requiring approval of posts.<br />
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:3. Such moderated status at II.C.2 must last no longer than 24 hours and at the expiration of that period the moderated status must be removed.<br />
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:4. Should the period of moderated status at II.C.2 still be in force after a call to order is posted, then that moderated status must be immediately removed to allow the member of the Senate to participate in the session.<br />
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:5. Moderated status removed as at II.C.4 prior to its expiration will not be re-imposed for the remaining balance of the 24 hours after the call to close is posted, unless the member of the Senate continued, in the opinion of the princeps senatus, to violate XII.E during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
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:6. The re-imposition of the remaining balance at II.C.5 is not affected by the removal of any moderated status imposed during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
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:7. If a member of the Senate commits numerous violations in separate posts before moderation of posting rights is imposed, the period of moderation shall still be no longer than 24 hours.<br />
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:8. Repeated violations of XII.E resulting in a combined total of 72 hours of moderated status in any five day consecutive period may result, notwithstanding II.C.3 and II.C.7, in moderated status being continuously imposed until the next call to order of the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. An imposition of this continuous moderation is at the discretion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors. At such a call to order the moderated status must be removed. After the call to close, the decision whether to re-impose moderated status is at the discretion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors and may be based on the behaviour / posts of that moderated member of the Senate during the formal meeting of the Senate in session. Removal of continuous moderated status before any set maximum number of hours is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
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:9. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the first time in any 365 day period must in no cases last longer than a maximum of 720 hours, excluding the total periods of time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session during that first occurrence of continuous moderation.<br />
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:10. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the second time in any 365 day period must in no cases last longer than a maximum of 2160 hours, excluding the total periods of time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session during that first occurrence of continuous moderation.<br />
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:11. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the third time in any 365 day period shall result in continuous moderation with no limit, the removal of which is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
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:12. If after release from such a third time of moderation at II.C.8, the member of the Senate is subject to a further period of moderation of any length, whether imposed during an informal Senate discussion period or during session, within 6 months since the date of release from the third time of moderation at II.C.8, the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, may impose continuous moderation with no limit during informal Senate discussion periods. Removal of such continuous moderation is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
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:13. Regardless of the length of moderated status, either set or until removal, this moderated status only applies to informal Senate discussion periods. Any member of the Senate so moderated must be released temporarily from that moderated status for the time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
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:14. A member of the Senate subject to moderation imposed during informal Senate discussion periods is still bound by the requirements on members of the Senate during formal meetings of the Senate in session, and no such moderation can exonerate or indemnify him/her from further sanctions that may be imposed on him/her as a result of any violations of behaviour during formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
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:15. Hours of moderation imposed during session do not subtract from, or add to, any total of moderated hours a member of the Senate is subject to during informal Senate discussion periods.<br />
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:16. Release from a period of moderation imposed during informal Senate discussion periods, either by the expiration of the period of moderation or by decision of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, does not imply or result in the alteration, suspension or termination of any sanctions imposed as a result of behavioural infractions during formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
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D. No person other than a member of the Senate shall participate in informal Senate discussion, nor shall be added to the Senate list during such a period.<br />
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E. During informal Senate discussion a Tribune(s) must not be subject to any requirement to obtain permission from any member of the Senate prior to posting to the Senate list, nor must any other conditions, other than those applicable to all members of the Senate as specified within this Senatus Consultum, be imposed or applied to a Tribune(s).<br />
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F. The rights of reporting at VI.B.1 to VI.B.4 inclusive do not apply to informal Senate discussion periods and such reporting during these periods is forbidden.<br />
<br />
==III. PRESIDING MAGISTRATE==<br />
<br />
A. A consul may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose.<br />
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B. A praetor may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose, but only if both consuls are unavailable.<br />
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C. A Tribune may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session only in order to ask the Senate's advice on any subject that is clearly within the scope of his or her constitutionally mandated concerns.<br />
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:1. The Tribune must clearly state in the call to convene the subject that he/she seeks advice on together with any relevant sections of the legal code that is the subject of advice sought, or which the Tribune will reference in any way during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
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:2. Any failure to comply with III.C.1 above shall be deemed to be an automatic termination of the call to convene and deemed contempt of the Senate.<br />
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:3. The Tribune must not deviate from, alter, or add to, the content of the call to convene at any time and any deviation, alteration or addition shall be deemed to be illegal and an automatic termination of the formal meeting of the Senate in session and deemed contempt of the Senate. The only item(s) that the Tribune shall present to the Senate during the voting period is/are that one/those contained within the call to convene.<br />
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:4. In any formal meeting of the Senate in session where a Tribune is the presiding magistrate, no Senatus Consultum Ultimum can be enacted and any such attempt to do so shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate. The only lawfully permitted content of any draft Senatus Consultum put to the vote during such a session is in the form of advice and the content must state: “The advice of the Senate of Nova Roma is as follows”. Such a Senatus Consultum must also state at the end of the advice “This advice is non-binding and is not, and shall not be interpreted as, a direction, order or command of the Senate of Nova Roma.”<br />
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:5. A Tribune who is the presiding magistrate must not recess a formal meeting of the Senate in session, except for the reasons specified at XIII.A.<br />
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:6. A Tribune who is the presiding magistrate must not put to the vote a draft Senatus consultum as at III.C.4 the content of which seeks to interpret, define or offer advice on this Senatus consultum or any part of it thereof. Any such act shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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:D. The princeps senatus may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose connected with the procedures of the Senate, conduct of members of the Senate or management of Senate business.<br />
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:E. The presiding magistrate may require, by means of a call for order, a member of the Senate, or other magistrate, to cease his/her posting, but that requirement must only be when such posting:<br />
<br />
::1. Violates XII.E.<br />
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::2. Is not concerned with any item on the agenda currently under debate.<br />
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::3. Causes a disruption in the proceedings of the formal meeting of the Senate in session and/or the business of the Senate, and/or the period of the session.<br />
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:If the member of the Senate, or other magistrate, fails and/or refuses to comply with the direction of the presiding magistrate to cease posting in the call for order, and where such posts continue to violate any or all of the sections III.E.1 to III.E.3 inclusive, then that member of the Senate, or other magistrate, may have his/her posting rights set to a moderated status requiring approval of posts, but only where such continued posting if unchecked, in the opinion of the presiding magistrate and the princeps senatus, would result in extreme disruption to and/or abandonment of, the session. Where a member of the Senate is placed on moderation that shall also be deemed contempt of the Senate. Ratification of such moderated status is required by the means specified at IX.A.2 during the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. Should such ratification not occur within 60 days from the date of suspension, then that moderated status is deemed cancelled and the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the Censors, shall ensure that the member of the Senate subject to such moderated status has his/her membership of the Senate list reinstated. Additionally if any other magistrate fails and/or refuses to comply with the direction of the presiding magistrate in the call for order to cease posting, then that other magistrate may be removed from the Senate list by the princeps senatus.<br />
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:4. Only the presiding magistrate or the princeps senatus may approve a post from a member of the Senate on moderated status.<br />
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:5. Such a post at III.E.4 must not be rejected in lieu of approval, except in cases of a clear and obvious breach of XII.E or such a post deleted after approval. Such a post must be left pending approval.<br />
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:6. Such a post pending approval must be approved and released for publication to the Senate list as soon as is reasonably practicable after the call to close has been posted. The definition of “reasonably practicable” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
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:7. Such an approval at III.E.6 does not imply approval of the contents and does not indemnify the member of the Senate from any consequences arising from the content. The presiding magistrate or princeps senatus approving such a post are indemnified from any sanction that may be applied under the provisions of this Senatus Consultum if such a post is found to constitute contempt of the Senate, or any other provision that results in a sanction being applied.<br />
<br />
:8. The exception to the approval of such a post at III.E.7 shall be in circumstances where there is a clear and obvious breach of XII.E, in which case the post must be rejected and a post made to the Senate list stating the name of the poster and the fact that the post had been rejected for a breach of XII.E. In justifying such rejection no part of the rejected post shall be quoted verbatim, but may be summarized in a manner that does not breach XII.E. Verbatim reposting shall be a breach of XII.E.<br />
<br />
:9. No indemnification at III.E.8 exists if quoted verbatim or the summary at breaches XII.E, but the member of the Senate on moderated status who originally authored the post shall not himself/herself be subject to a sanction based on either the verbatim quote or the summary. The responsibility in such a case for a breach of XII.E rests solely with the approver of the post.<br />
<br />
F. The presiding magistrate may not delegate or share his role or functions, or part thereof, at any time, but may permit another member of the Senate to introduce an item on the agenda and post his/her opinion on it.<br />
<br />
G. The presiding magistrate must observe the following consecutive sequence of events in the below order during a formal meeting of the Senate in session:<br />
<br />
:1. Call to convene<br />
<br />
:2. Call to order<br />
<br />
:3. Call to vote<br />
<br />
:4. Call to close<br />
<br />
As an exception to the above consecutive sequence, the call to order must also be issued after the expiration of the period of time specified in a call to recess.<br />
<br />
H. A Consul, or if both Consuls are unavailable a Praetor, who is presiding magistrate must ensure that a formal meeting of the Senate in session does not extend into a period when his/her colleague holds the rods:<br />
<br />
:1. Without first obtaining permission from his/her colleague prior to issuing the call to convene,<br />
<br />
:2. Or if the overlap occurs during the session then the presiding magistrate must obtain the permission from his/her colleague fast as is reasonably practicable.<br />
<br />
:3. The definition of “reasonably practicable” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:4. If his/her colleague refuses permission, at III.H.1 or III.H.2 then the presiding magistrate shall either:<br />
<br />
::a. Shorten any period of the session, but not below that permitted as a minimum by this Senatus Consultum, to prevent or correct any such extension, or<br />
<br />
::b. Issue the call to close on no later than the last day he/she holds the rods, provided that last day is one that the Senate is permitted to hold a session on subject to that last day not being one prohibited by XIII.A.<br />
<br />
:5. If the extension occurs as a result of proposing to increase the vote period and the vote period has not commenced, the length of vote period automatically remain as it was prior to the increase.<br />
<br />
:6. If the vote period is already underway when the extension is identified and brought to the attention of the Senate, or is not brought to the attention of the Senate, then the vote period shall continue regardless of the fact that it extends into the period the colleague of the presiding magistrate holds the rods.<br />
<br />
==IV. CONVENING THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. In order to commence a lawful formal meeting of the Senate in session a call to convene must be issued by only one presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
B. A call to order cannot be made until 24 hours have elapsed after the call to convene was issued.<br />
<br />
C. The presiding magistrate may also send the call to convene post to any other list at his/her discretion.<br />
<br />
D. In cases of discrepancy of content between the call to convene post made to the Senate list and one or more call to convene post(s) made to any other list, the call to convene post to the Senate list shall be considered the definitive and only legal call to convene.<br />
<br />
E. An initial agenda must be included in the call to convene detailing the items to be discussed. Substantive details are not required, but may be included by the presiding magistrate, but sufficient detail must be included such that members of the Senate can reasonably be expected to understand the general nature of the topic of each and every agenda item. The definition of “reasonably expected” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
F. The call to convene post must specify the time and date when the Senate will be called to order, the times and dates of the commencement and end of the debate period, and times and dates of the of the commencement and end of the voting period.<br />
<br />
G. The length of the debate period specified for all the items on the agenda, within the call to convene, must be a minimum of 96 hours.<br />
<br />
:1. If there is more than one item on the agenda, none of these items can have any individual times/dates of commencement/end of debate applied to them. Debate on all items on the agenda is to be simultaneous during the debate period.<br />
<br />
:2. The exception to IV.G.1 is a cultus or religio item(s) described at XIII.B, which must be placed first on the agenda. Where there is more than one such items then debate on them must comply with the conditions at IV.G.1.<br />
<br />
:3. Where there are more than one such cultus or religio XIII.B items at IV.G.2, they must be allocated, as a block of items, a minimum of 96 hours of debate, and the end time and date of the debate period on such block of cultus or religio XIII.B items must be specified in the agenda.<br />
<br />
:4. All other civil agenda items must then be allocated, as a block of items, a separate minimum of 96 hours that must follow the items specified at IV.G.2 and debate on such civil items must comply with the conditions at IV.G.1. The end time and date of the debate period on such block of XIII.B civil items must be specified.<br />
<br />
H. A call to convene must be made by only one presiding magistrate, who must not act jointly with any other member(s) of the Senate, whether any such other(s) are defined as a presiding magistrate or not.<br />
<br />
I. If after the call to convene is posted, but before the call to order is issued, the presiding magistrate wishes to cancel that formal meeting of the Senate in session, then he/she must do so by way of a post to the Senate list, with a subject heading “Formal meeting of the Senate in session cancelled”, stating in the body of the post the reason(s) for such cancellation.<br />
<br />
==V. PRESENTING AGENDA ITEMS TO THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. The presiding magistrate must post the call to order to commence the formal meeting of the Senate in session and must present to the Senate one or more matters on the agenda for debate.<br />
<br />
B. The presiding magistrate may introduce items to the agenda other than those listed in the call to convene. These maybe his/her items or he/she may accept items from a member of the Senate or another magistrate.<br />
<br />
C. Any new item(s) to the agenda may be included at any time between when the call to convene is issued and the commencement of the voting period. If its inclusion on the agenda occurs after the call to order, then 96 hours must be allowed for debate on that new item, with that 96 hours commencing from the time and date of its inclusion on the agenda. The debate period will need to be increased after such an inclusion after the call to order, but such increase is subject to the permitted maximum number of hours for debate at VI.A.4.a and if the inclusion of the item would exceed that permitted maximum, then the item shall not be included.<br />
<br />
==VI. DEBATE, REPORTING, PROXY AND CLOSE==<br />
<br />
A. After the call to order, members of the Senate may offer their opinions on any item on the agenda presented by the presiding magistrate in the call to order by means of a post to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:1. The debate shall include members of the Senate and any other magistrate.<br />
<br />
:2. There shall be no limit on the text length of such opinions.<br />
<br />
:3. The presiding magistrate may at his/her discretion extend the period of debate, and may shorten it, but a reduction in the debate period must never reduce the number of hours allotted for debate from the number specified in the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:4. The number of hours allocated by the presiding magistrate to the debate period must always be between a minimum of 96 hours, or the number of hours set in the call to convene whichever is greater, and a maximum of 288 hours.<br />
<br />
::a. Amendments to the debate period at the time of, or after the call to order, shall never result in the debate period exceeding 288 hours.<br />
<br />
::b. The addition of the number of hours of debate at IV.G.3 and the number of hours of debate at IV.G.4 must never exceed the maximum of 288 hours.<br />
<br />
B. In addition to the provisions of the [[Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum]], the Tribunes may, at their discretion collectively or individually, keep the citizens informed as to the progress and content of the debate period. The format for informing the citizens between these periods must be as follows:<br />
<br />
:1. Full verbatim transcripts of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on.<br />
<br />
:2. Partial transcripts of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on, with a summation of the parts of that post not recorded as verbatim transcript.<br />
<br />
:3. A summation of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on.<br />
<br />
:4. Any mix of VI.B.1, VI.B.2) or VI.B.3 above during the formal meeting of the Senate in session that the Tribune is reporting on. Such a mix is at the discretion of the Tribune reporting.<br />
<br />
C. The right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive is a privilege the Senate grants to the Tribunes in addition to those rights under the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum.<br />
<br />
:1. Any departure from, or abuse of, the process at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, including but not limited to, inaccurate or false reporting of verbatim transcripts and/or grossly inaccurate summations may, at the discretion of the Consuls, lead to a revocation of the privileges granted, at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, to the Tribune responsible, for a period of time at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:2. The presiding officer may not alter, suspend or cancel the right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, except under the conditions and terms of this Senatus Consultum.<br />
<br />
D. If an agenda item concerns an item which is the presiding magistrate determines is of a confidential nature, he/she may:<br />
<br />
:1. Declare the Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
:2. Declare that the Senate seal is active and in effect for that item.<br />
:Declaration that the Senate seal is active automatically invokes closed session for that item. Such a determination by the presiding officer to invoke closed session and/or Senate seal requires the consent of the princeps senatus. If the consent of the princeps senatus is not granted, the senate is deemed not to be in closed session and/or Senate seal is not invoked.<br />
<br />
:In respect of reporting the business of the Senate under the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum, or under the right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4, where the Senate seal is active in respect of an agenda item, the Tribunes shall report only “A confidential item was discussed”. Reporting such an agenda item using any other text, by way of description, explanation or other purpose, will constitute contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
E. Debate is only to be conducted by posts to the Senate list. The requirements of IV.G.1 apply throughout the debate period. Each member of the Senate:<br />
<br />
:1. Shall be able to post an opinion on any active agenda item that the presiding magistrate has put to the Senate to debate. Such a right to post shall be for a minimum of 96 hours and a maximum number of hours as defined in the agenda as presented to the Senate during the call to order, or as defined by the most recent amendment by the presiding magistrate to that maximum number of hours for debate.<br />
<br />
:2. Shall not commence, or continue, debate on an item that has been withdrawn by the presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
:3. Shall be assumed to have abrogated his/her right to post an opinion as at VI.E.1 if he/she has failed to post at the expiry of the maximum number of hours for debate. Such a failure shall not be considered a waiver of the right to vote.<br />
<br />
F. Any voting member of the Senate who will be unable to vote during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, may between the time and date of the call to convene the Senate up to the call to vote give his proxy vote to another voting member of the Senate. In order for such a grant of a proxy vote to be considered valid and legal the voting member of the Senate who will be unable to vote must:<br />
<br />
:1. Send a post to the Senate list. This must be at least 24 hours before the time and date of the call to order, such time and date as specified in the call to convene. This post must state the reason he/she is unable to have access to the Senate list at the time and date of the voting stage, such time and date as specified in the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:2. Specify whom his/her proxy is granted to. The person receiving the grant of his/her proxy vote must be a voting member of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:3. Specify any directions on how he/she wishes his/her proxy vote used in respect of the agenda items known at the time of his posting at VI.F.1. This is discretionary and there is no obligation to specify any directions, but if none are specified the voting member of the Senate receiving the grant of the proxy vote is entitled to vote how he/she wishes using the proxy vote. If directions are included they must be followed and any deviation from them will render the vote on the agenda item(s) subject of the deviation invalid, and counted as an abstention.<br />
<br />
:4. The presiding magistrate for the formal meeting of the Senate in session for which a grant of a proxy vote is made has no power to alter, impede, refuse or terminate such a grant in any way.<br />
<br />
:5. If a member of the Senate will be absent and unable to attend any known or future meetings of the due to any reason for a known period of time, he/she may issue a standing grant of a proxy vote to one or more members of the Senate. The process to be followed for such a standing grant to be considered legal is:<br />
<br />
::a. The process at VI.F.1 must be complied with.<br />
<br />
::b. In the post to the Senate list the voting member of the Senate shall grant his/her proxy to either:<br />
<br />
:::i. One voting member of the Senate for the whole period of absence.<br />
<br />
:::ii. Two or more voting members of the Senate for specified time, giving the start and end dates of such a grant.<br />
<br />
:::iii. Two or more voting members of the Senate with no specific start and end dates for the grant to each of them, but by ranking them in order of precedence, numbering them (1) onwards, (1) being the highest in ranking. If there is a formal meeting of the Senate in session during the period of the grant of the proxy, the presiding magistrate for that session shall post to the Senate list requiring all those on the absent voting member of the Senate’s proxy list, to identify themselves as present. He shall then assign the proxy to the highest ranked choice present.<br />
<br />
::c. That absent voting member can specify directions, as at VI.F.3, for any known agenda for a formal meeting of the Senate in session that call to convene the Senate has been issued for prior to the posting of his/her standing proxy grant and which falls within the period of the grant at either VI.F.5.b.i to VI.F.5.b.iii inclusive. Any such directions issued, apply to all recipients of the grant of the proxy and they are bound as under VI.F.3 to follow such directions. Failure to do so shall be dealt with as at VI.F.3.<br />
<br />
::d. If no such call at VI.F.5.iii has been issued then the recipient(s) of the grant of the proxy is entitled to vote how he/she wishes using the proxy vote.<br />
<br />
==VII. VOTING PERIOD==<br />
<br />
A. After the minimum of 96 hours of debate on an agenda has elapsed, that item is eligible to be put to the vote. The call to vote must specify all those items that, having first been subject to the minimum of 96 hours, are to be put to the vote in one vote period during that formal meeting of the Senate in session. Multiple vote periods, whether overlapping or consecutive, are illegal except as allowed for at XVI.P and XVI.Q.<br />
<br />
B. The presiding magistrate may present none, any or all of the items on the initial agenda, or which were added to the agenda subsequently, to a vote. The agenda presented to the Senate cannot be altered once the voting period has commenced. If the vote required for an agenda item to be passed is not calculated on a simple majority, then the presiding magistrate shall indicate the majority required against that specific item contained in the agenda items submitted to the vote.<br />
<br />
C. The presiding magistrate may at his/her discretion extend the period of voting, but may not shorten it, from the period specified in the call to convene. The period of voting may only be extended to a maximum of 96 hours. If the presiding officer issues no post to the Senate list indicating that he/she is extending the voting period, then the length of time of that period shall be the period specified in the call to convene the Senate. Once the voting period has commenced no alteration to its length, either shorter or greater, shall be considered legal and the period shall remain unchanged from that length of the voting period last posted to the Senate prior to the voting period commencing.<br />
<br />
D. Voting shall only be conducted on the Senate list by means of voting members of the Senate posting to the Senate list. The subject line of that post must identify that it is a vote and may include which votingmember of the Senate it is from.<br />
<br />
E. Matters being voted on shall be decided by majority vote unless mandated otherwise.<br />
<br />
F. Should the voting period elapse, any voting member of the Senate that has yet to vote shall be assumed to have abrogated his/her right to vote.<br />
<br />
G. On items that are presented for to the senate during the voting period for approval, a voting member of the Senate may either vote or abstain from voting as follows:<br />
<br />
:1. An AFFIRMATIVE vote is registered by a voting member of the Senate stating in his/her post "YES", "UTI ROGAS", or another clearly synonymous phrase of support in respect of an agenda item.<br />
<br />
:2. A NEGATIVE vote is registered by a voting member of the Senate stating in his/her post "NO", "ANTIQUO", or another clearly synonymous phrase of opposition in respect of an agenda item.<br />
<br />
:3. An ABSTENTION is expressed with a voting member of the Senate’s stating in his/her post "ABSTINEO", "I ABSTAIN" or another clearly synonymous phrase of abstention in respect of an agenda item. Abstentions are not considered to be votes, and are not counted when calculating the number required for a majority. Abstentions do not diminish the number of Senators considered present when determining whether a quorum is achieved.<br />
<br />
:4. VII.G.7.1 to VII.G.7.3 inclusive may include supporting comments to explain the reason why the voting member of the Senate cast his vote in manner he/she did. There shall be no limit on the text length of such comments.<br />
<br />
:5. Except where otherwise stated, a Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum is passed and enacted when the number of affirmative votes (as described above) equals or exceeds the number required for a "simple majority".<br />
<br />
:6. The voting period may begin at sunrise in Rome on the first day of the voting period and may end at sunset in Rome on the last day of the voting period, or may be set to sunrise and sunset in the time zone in which the presiding magistrate is resident.<br />
<br />
:7. During the voting period members of the Senate must not continue discussion on the agenda items put to the vote. In cases of exceptional urgency a member of the Senate may request permission, by private email, and not on the Senate list, from the presiding magistrate to bring a new item to the attention of the Senate. This shall be treated as an item for information and discussion only and must not be included in the items to be voted upon.<br />
<br />
:8. Any agenda item presented to the Senate for the vote must be in one of the following categories:<br />
<br />
::a. Draft Senatus Consultum<br />
<br />
::b. Draft Senatus Consultum Ultimum<br />
<br />
:9. All positions and/or offices that the Senate is authorized by the legal code to appoint persons to must:<br />
<br />
==VIII. RECESS AND CLOSE OF SESSION==<br />
<br />
A. Once the voting period has elapsed the presiding magistrate shall calculate and post to the Senate list no later than 48 hours after the expiration of that period, the results of the vote by referring to the voting posts and calculating the results for each item voted upon.<br />
<br />
B. The Tribunes shall either challenge or validate the result based on their own calculations. They shall select, by whatever means they wish, one of the Tribunes to post to the Senate list no later than 24 hours after the presiding magistrate posts his/her calculations of the results at VIII.A above to the Senate list the challenge or validation of the presiding magistrate’s calculations. Each of the other Tribunes shall post to the Senate list within 24 hours if they disagree with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes, stating the reason for such disagreement. In the absence of any such post from one or more Tribunes disagreeing with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes, such an absence shall be deemed to be approval of that result posted on their behalf.<br />
<br />
C. If the presiding magistrate fails to post within the 48 hours the Tribunes shall select, by whatever means they wish, one of the Tribunes to post to the Senate list within 24 hours of the 48 hour period elapsing, post the results of the vote to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
D. If the presiding magistrate fails to post within the 48 hours the result posted at VIII.C above shall be deemed to be the official result of the vote and shall not subject to challenge by the presiding magistrate. If however one or more of the Tribunes disagree with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes at VIII.C, they must post such a notice of disagreement to the Senate list within 24 hours stating the reason for such disagreement.<br />
<br />
E. Where a disagreement exists between the presiding magistrate and the Tribunes, or between the Tribunes themselves, over the calculation of the vote, it shall be resolved by mutual consent within 24 hours of the challenge being posted, or failing that by the princeps senatus. Such a determination by either manner of resolution shall be considered to be the official result of the vote.<br />
<br />
F. If the Tribunes fail within 24 hours after the presiding magistrate posts his/her calculations of the results at VIII.A above to the Senate list, to cause a challenge or validation as at VIII.B above to be posted, then the princeps senatus shall substitute for them and post such a challenge or validation. Any challenge by the substitute for the Tribunes shall be resolved by mutual consent within 24 hours of the challenge being posted, or failing that the calculation of the substitute for the Tribunes shall be considered the official result of the vote.<br />
<br />
G. If the presiding officer is a Tribune, the princeps senatus, shall substitute for the Tribunes in matters relating to the process of challenging or validating the calculation of the vote posted by the presiding officer and the Tribunes, other than the presiding magistrate, shall be excluded from that process entirely.<br />
<br />
H. If the Tribunes, or their substitute at VIII.F or VIII.G above, validate the post of the presiding magistrate, the result(s) contained within it shall be considered to be the official result of the vote. The official result of the vote must be immediately posted to the Senate list upon validation.<br />
<br />
I. After the official result of the vote is posted, the presiding magistrate must post a call to close within 24 hours of that official result being determined, and if he/she fails to do so then the session immediately that 24 hours period has expired shall automatically be deemed to be closed.<br />
<br />
J. For the purposes of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum the method of conferring with the Senate shall be delegated to the presiding magistrate of the formal meeting of the Senate in session where the item of a confidential nature in question is being/was discussed.<br />
<br />
:1. The decision of the presiding magistrate as to what details of the discussion and/or comments and/or voting should be released to the citizens is deemed to be a decision of the whole Senate.<br />
<br />
:2. Such a decision VIII.J.1 shall be binding on the Tribunes for the purposes of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum, as to what to report to the citizens concerning the item of a confidential nature in question.<br />
<br />
K. The presiding magistrate may issue the call to recess a formal meeting of the Senate in session for a period of time between 24 hours and 144 hours. If after 144 hours have elapsed the presiding magistrate of that recessed session has not called the Senate to order and recommenced the session, then that session is deemed closed. The presiding magistrate may not issue the call to recess during the voting period.<br />
<br />
L. The presiding magistrate may issue the call to close at any time, except during the voting period.<br />
<br />
==IX. CONTEMPT OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. Any member of the Senate or other magistrate who disregards the invocation of closed session conditions and/or disregards the invocation of the Senate seal, such disregard being determined by the princeps senatus, and/or commits an act deemed in this Senatus Consultum to be contempt of the Senate, shall be automatically found in contempt of the Senate. In respect of a matter of contempt of the Senate, the princeps senatus may:<br />
<br />
:1. Resolve the matter informally when the member of the Senate or other magistrate purges his or report that contempt to the Censors for their consideration of any action they deem appropriate.<br />
<br />
:2. Suspend the posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list of a member of Senate found in contempt. Such actions must only be taken by means of a Senatus Consultum voted on by members of the Senate and passed by a simple majority. Such a Senatus consultum must include the commencement and termination dates of such sanctions. “In perpetuity”, “until further order of the Senate” or another clearly synonymous phrase indicating no fixed end date shall not be considered for the purposes of this Senatus consultum a valid end date. Any Senatus consultum passed for this purpose that does not contain a valid end date cannot invoke suspension of posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list. Should the Senatus consultum fail, the suspended posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list of a member of Senate found in contempt must be immediately restored to that member the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the censors.<br />
<br />
:3. In cases of contempt of the Senate where the princeps senatus considers, that notwithstanding IX.A.2 above an immediate suspension of membership of the Senate list is required in order to protect Nova Roma Inc. from imminent and/or severe loss or damage, or the risk of severe loss or damage, and in order to comply with fiduciary responsibility, he/she may remove that member of the Senate from the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:4. Ratification of such an immediate suspension at IX.A.3 is required by the means specified at IX.A.2 above during the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. Should such ratification not occur within 60 days from the date of suspension, then that suspension is deemed cancelled and the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the Censors, shall ensure that the suspended member of the Senate has his/her membership of the Senate list reinstated.<br />
<br />
:5. At any time before the expiration of the 60 days the princeps senatus, may reinstate membership of the Senate list in circumstances where:<br />
<br />
::a. The member of the Senate has fulfilled any conditions that may have been required to be fulfilled prior to reinstatement.<br />
<br />
::b. The member of the Senate is subsequently exonerated of having committed an act(s) that led to the finding that he/she was in contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
::c. The member of the Senate has proactively taken steps to purge his/her contempt of the Senate to the satisfaction of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
B. If the princeps senatus determines that a presiding magistrate has:<br />
<br />
:1. Attempted to invoke closed session or Senate seal for an agenda item where confidentially was clearly not required and/or<br />
<br />
:2. Proceeded to try to invoke closed session or Senate seal without the consent of the princeps senatus then this shall constitute contempt of the Senate and the princeps senatus may:<br />
<br />
:3. Resolve the matter informally when the presiding magistrate has proactively taken steps to purge his/her contempt of the Senate to the satisfaction of the princeps senatus or<br />
<br />
:4. Report that contempt to the censors for their consideration of any action they deem appropriate.<br />
<br />
C. If the princeps senatus commits an act that obviously and clearly violates the prohibitions under III.E, or IX.A or IX.B this shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate and the censors shall:<br />
<br />
:1. Request the consuls, or in their absence the praetors, to issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session. The consuls, or in their absence the praetors, must accede to that request. In the agenda on the call to convene there must only be one item, and that must only be described as “Internal procedural matter”. No supporting or descriptive text can be included. After the call to order of that session the presiding magistrate shall declare that:<br />
<br />
::a. The Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
::b. The Senate seal is active.<br />
<br />
:2. For the purposes of IX.C.1.a and IX.C.1.b the consent of the princeps senatus required under VI.D shall be deemed to have been granted.<br />
<br />
:3. The Censors must then collegiately submit a draft Senatus Consultum to the Senate, where the sole content is “The Senate of Nova Roma removes the position and title of princeps senatus, together with any and all honors, powers, limits and obligations, from “ with the name of the princeps senatus appended after that phrase. The Senatus Consultum must not contain any further text, other than title and date. The Censors must in a separate post(s) to the Senate list detail the facts and substantiate the violation(s).<br />
<br />
:4. After the call to vote is posted, voting members of the Senate shall vote to approve or reject this Senatus Consultum. The vote shall be by way of super majority.<br />
<br />
:5. If the Senatus Consultum is passed the princeps senatus is immediately and automatically dismissed from his position and the Censors shall immediately assume the role collegiately of the princeps senatus until a replacement can be chosen in the manner as described at X.C.<br />
<br />
==X. THE PRINCEPS SENATUS==<br />
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A. The princeps senatus must:<br />
<br />
:1. Be a Senator<br />
<br />
:2. Be a member of the patrician order.<br />
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:3. Be a former consul.<br />
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:4. Be a former censor.<br />
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:5. Hold the longest, continuous and uninterrupted record of membership of the Senate.<br />
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B. The appointment of the princeps senatus must only be by the manner permitted in this Senatus Consultum and shall be for a period of 5 years. At the expiration of that period if the princeps senatus whose period of appointment has just expired is the only member of the Senate meeting the conditions at X.A then he/she shall be automatically prorogued as princeps senatus for a further period of 5 years to the position of princeps senatus, unless he/she indicates an unwillingness to be so prorogued.<br />
<br />
C. If at the expiration of the period of his/her appointment the princeps senatus whose period of appointment has just expired does not meet the conditions at X.A, or he/she has indicated an unwillingness to be prorogued, or the position of princeps senatus has fallen vacant due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, dismissal from the position of princeps senatus, death, resignation or renunciation of citizenship, then the procedure to appoint a new princeps senatus shall be:<br />
<br />
:1. The Censors shall determine from the Album Senatorum if one or more members of the Senate meet the requirements at X.A and compile a list of candidates that do meet them. From that list of one or more candidates the Censors will select the one that is in their collegiate opinion the most suited to the position, taking into account the reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate of each candidate. The Censors shall then appoint that candidate by means of issuing an edict to that effect.<br />
<br />
:2. If no members of the Senate meet the requirements at X.A, the Censors shall examine the Album Senatorum and choose a member of the Senate, taking into account his/her reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate, that in their collegiate opinion most closely fits the requirements at X.A. Notwithstanding the period of 5 years specified at X.B, this appointment shall be for a period of 1 year. The Censors shall then appoint that candidate by means of issuing an edict to that effect. The period of appointment is a new one and is not affected, reduced or increased by any remaining period of appointment of the previous princeps senatus.<br />
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:3. If one or more candidates do meet the requirements at X.A, but do not in the opinion of the Censors possess the required reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate to successfully and/or honourably discharge the position of princeps senatus, then the Censors shall at the next formal meeting of the Senate in session, where the presiding magistrate is either a Consul or Praetor, request that the matter of the appointment of the princeps senatus be added to the agenda as an item. The presiding magistrate must:<br />
<br />
::a. Accede to that request.<br />
<br />
::b. Declare the Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
::c. Declare that the Senate seal is active and in effect for that item<br />
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:4. For the purposes of X.C.3.b and X.C.3.c the consent of the princeps senatus required under VI.D shall be deemed to have been granted. The Censors shall then report to the Senate why the candidate(s) who were eligible to be considered for appointment as princeps senatus was/were not selected. The presiding magistrate must:<br />
<br />
::a. Decide from the posted opinions of Senators if the one or more of the candidates passed over for selection has/have sufficient support to warrant the matter being put to the vote.<br />
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::b. Any such vote shall include on the proposed Senatus Consultum for appointment of the princeps senatus, the names of those candidates identified at X.C.3 and the winning candidate shall be the one that receives the most votes by way of simple majority.<br />
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:5. The princeps senatus shall have the following honors, powers, limits and obligations.<br />
<br />
::a. To be the final authority to determine if the procedures of this Senatus Consultum have been violated by any member of the Senate either in the manner of application of, or in the failure to comply with, such procedures, whether through negligence or a deliberate act.<br />
<br />
::b. To be the final authority on what is acceptable conduct to be expected from members of the Senate, both during informal Senate discussion and formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
::c. To be the final authority on determining the meaning of any part of this Senatus Consultum where such meaning is unclear to any member of the Senate, and/or to arbitrate in any dispute between members of the Senate over such meaning.<br />
<br />
::d. To be consulted on any proposed changes to the internal procedures of the Senate.<br />
<br />
::e. To be empowered, due to a period of his/her absence, to delegate his/her functions as princeps senatus to a Senator of his/her choice in order who should match exactly or as close as possible, in his/her opinion, the requirements under X.A, The method of delegation shall be as follows:<br />
<br />
:::i. A post to the Senate list, by the princeps senatus, in which he/she must specify who is to be acting princeps senatus, together with the commencement and the end dates of the acting period.<br />
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:::ii. The details at X.C.5.e.i may be included in the post required under VI.F.1.<br />
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:::iii. The princeps senatus may select different Senators to act at various non-overlapping, but consecutive, date ranges during his/her period of absence.<br />
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:::iv. The princeps senatus may select a Senator(s) to act for him/her that differs from the Senator(s) he selects to receive the grant of his proxy vote.<br />
<br />
::f. To have the authority to enforce any and all provisions of this Senatus Consultum and to create a rule of session.<br />
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::g. If the princeps senatus cannot be contacted either between the call to convene and the call to order during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then the Censors shall appoint a Senator of their choice to act for the princeps senatus during that session only. That Senator should match exactly or as close as possible, in their opinion, the requirements under X.A. Should the princeps senatus subsequently declare himself/herself present before the call to close, the appointment of the acting princeps senatus shall be automatically terminated.<br />
<br />
==XI. QUORUM==<br />
<br />
A. The quorum for the Senate of Nova Roma is only required for formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
B. The quorum is calculated and based on only voting members of the Senate.<br />
<br />
C. The required quorum must be achieved at the time the call to order is posted.<br />
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D. If the quorum is not achieved then the call to order cannot be posted and no formal meeting of the Senate in session can legally be held. Any formal meeting of the Senate in session that is held where the quorum is not achieved is illegal and no Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum passed during such an illegal session shall have any legal force or validity.<br />
<br />
E. A voting member of the Senate is deemed present at the time the call to order is posted if that member has not posted to the Senate list that he/she will be absent, using the process at VI.F.<br />
<br />
F. Once the quorum is established as being present at the time the call to order is posted, no challenges by any member of the Senate to establish if it is present subsequently shall be legal or permitted. Such challenges if made shall be an extreme disruption to a formal meeting of the Senate in session, as defined at III.E.3.<br />
<br />
G. Any member of the Senate present at the time the call to order is posted, by virtue of not having posted his/her absence at VI.F, may state that he/she is leaving the formal meeting of the Senate in session, but for the purposes of the quorum he/she is deemed to still be present during the remainder of the session conducted in his/her absence.<br />
<br />
H. Any calculation of the results of the voting stage shall treat the vote of any member of the Senate leaving after the call order, as defined at XI.G, as an abstention vote as defined at VII.G.3.<br />
<br />
I. The quorum required must be 2/3rds (two thirds) of the total number of voting members of the Senate, where fractions are rounded up to the next nearest whole number. For example if there are 22 voting members of the Senate, 2/3rds is 14.666 recurring. Therefore the quorum would be 15 voting members of the Senate, who would have to present immediately before the call to order.<br />
<br />
J. Those voting members of the Senate who have identified themselves as absent under the process at VI.F will be counted as being present during a formal meeting of the Senate in session that occurs during that period of absence for the purposes of the calculation of the quorum if they have assigned the grant of a proxy vote under the process at VI.F. If they have not assigned a proxy vote then they will be counted as absent.<br />
<br />
K. The presiding magistrate must make the calculation of whether the quorum has been achieved. The call to order must not be made until the calculation is made and the quorum established as being achieved as defined at XI.I. The presiding magistrate must immediately before the call to order post is made follow the steps below in consecutive order:<br />
<br />
:1. Count the number of voting members of the Senate who have identified themselves as absent, under the process at VI.F.<br />
<br />
:2. Calculate the quorum as under XI.I.<br />
<br />
:3. Subtract the number at XI.K.1 from the total number of voting members of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:4. If the result of the subtraction at XI.K.3 is greater than the quorum as at XI.I, then the quorum has been achieved and the call to order may be posted and the formal meeting of the Senate in session can proceed.<br />
<br />
:5. If the result of the subtraction at XI.K.3 is less than the quorum as at XI.I, then the quorum has not been achieved and the call to order must not be posted and the formal meeting of the Senate in session cannot proceed.<br />
<br />
L. Where the quorum is achieved and the call to order made, the presiding magistrate shall include in the call to order post the statement “The quorum is achieved”. The presiding magistrate must also include in the call to order post the calculations made at XI.K.1 to XI.K.3 inclusive.<br />
<br />
M. Where the quorum is not achieved, the presiding magistrate shall post to the Senate list a post with a subject heading “Formal meeting of the Senate in session cancelled”. This post must include, within the body of the post, the statement “The quorum is not achieved”. The presiding magistrate shall also include in the body of the post the calculations made at XI.K.1 to XI.K.3 inclusive.<br />
<br />
==XII. THE SENATE LIST==<br />
<br />
A. The only owners of the Senate list shall be the Censors and the princeps senatus.<br />
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B. The only moderators of the Senate list shall be the Consuls.<br />
<br />
C. The Censors shall not, unless one or both are acting princeps senatus, engage in, except as provided for at II.C, any task involving:<br />
<br />
:1. Restricting or moderating the posting rights of members of the Senate including, including but not limited to, rejection, approval or deletion of posts.<br />
<br />
:2. The removal of a member of the Senate from the list, except in cases where a member has ceased to be a member of the Senate due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, death, resignation from the Senate or renunciation of citizenship.<br />
<br />
:3. Any other role or function connected to a formal meeting of the Senate in session, with the exception of those tasks assigned by this Senatus Consultum.<br />
<br />
D. The Censors shall be responsible for the addition of new members of the Senate to the Senate list and for the granting of moderator status to a Consul at the commencement of his/her term of office and removal of that moderator status at the expiration of his/her term.<br />
<br />
E. All posts are expected to conform to the requirements and restrictions of the Terms of Service by which members of the Senate and any other magistrate are bound by virtue of membership of the Senate list.<br />
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F. The Senate list is an official list of Nova Roma. Ownership or moderator status of the list, as defined by the Yahoo! Inc. roles of owner and moderator, is solely for the purposes of ensuring the continued maintenance of the functions of the Senate as defined by the legal code. The owner and moderator features of the Senate list are restricted to the uses and purposes of such features that are allowed by this Senatus consultum. Any use of such features other than that allowed by this Senatus consultum are forbidden.<br />
<br />
G. Those members of the Senate that are designated owners or moderators of the Senate list renounce any and all rights to treat the Senate list as though it were their own personal property, renounce all rights to and accept that they hold the Senate list in trust for the Senate of Nova Roma. Deletion of the Senate list or any change in the name of the Senate list is forbidden. Acceptance and continued exercise of the roles of owner or moderator is deemed acceptance of this trust.<br />
<br />
H. Any failure on the part of a member of the Senate who is an owner or moderator to abide by XII.F or XII.G shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the [[Lex Salicia poenalis (Nova Roma)|Lex Salicia poenalis]]. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, Lex Salicia poenalis shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in this definition being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence.<br />
<br />
I. Membership of the Senate list is restricted to:<br />
<br />
:1. Members of the Senate<br />
<br />
:2. Other magistrate(s), who shall be granted temporary membership of the Senate list for the formal meeting of the Senate in session to which they have been invited to by the presiding magistrate of that session. After the call to close the princeps senatus or the Censors shall remove that other magistrate from the Senate list.<br />
<br />
J. The following powers must be granted to a Consul as a moderator of the Senate list:<br />
<br />
:1. Approve pending messages<br />
<br />
:2. Invite and add members<br />
<br />
:3. Approve pending members No addition to the above powers may be made at the time of, or subsequent to, the granting of moderator status at the commencement of his/her term of office.<br />
<br />
==XIII. CALENDAR AND RELIGIOUS MATTERS==<br />
<br />
A. If a prohibited day occurs during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then the presiding magistrate must issue the call to recess at any time on the preceding day. The period of the recess must be at least for the full 24-hour duration of the prohibited day.<br />
<br />
B. It is permitted for a formal meeting of the Senate in session to take place on a restricted day, but any matter concerning the cultus and religio must be dealt with in the agenda before any civil matter. It is the responsibility of the presiding magistrate to order the agenda to ensure this occurs.<br />
<br />
C. Before a call to convene can be posted the auspices must have been taken. They must be taken by:<br />
<br />
:1. The presiding magistrate,<br />
<br />
:2. An augur on behalf of, and at the request of the presiding magistrate. A copy of the auspices result of either method at XIII.C.1 or XIII.C.2 must be posted to the Senate list by either the person at XIII.C.1 or the presiding magistrate on whose behalf they were taken at XIII.C.2.<br />
<br />
D. If the result of the auspices at XIII.C is favourable the call to convene may be posted. If the result is unfavourable the call to convene must not be posted and no formal meeting of the Senate in session may occur.<br />
<br />
==XIV. HISTORICAL ITEMS OF RECORD==<br />
<br />
A. The following are automatically deemed to be subject to Senate seal for a duration in perpetuity, or until released from the Senate seal by way of super majority vote and such release is for the purpose of publication outside of the Senate:<br />
<br />
:1. Any post or any file or any item stored on the Senate on a date prior to the enactment of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
:2. Any other content or information stored on or drawn from the Senate list, that relates or concerns any incident or matter of a date prior to the date of the enactment of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
B. Members of the Senate may address such issues at XIV.A.1 or XIV.A.2 after the date of enactment of this Senatus consultum, but such further discussion will not be affected or restricted by XIV.A and, subject to the closed session or Senate seal being specifically applied to such further discussions, the right ofreporting granted at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 extends to and covers such further discussions.<br />
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==XV. PHYSICAL AND OTHER MEETINGS OF THE SENATE==<br />
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A. No physical meeting of Senators, or any other meeting of Senators on any medium, other than on the Senate list, shall be a lawful formal meeting of the Senate in session, unless a Senatus Consultum passed by extraordinary majority specifically authorizes such a meeting.<br />
<br />
B. The rules for such a physical or other meeting that is a formal meeting of the Senate in session, such other excluding one held on the Senate list, must be defined and established within that Senatus Consultum at XV.A.<br />
<br />
C. Holding, or attempting to hold, such a physical, or other, formal meeting of the Senate in session, other than on the Senate list and other than by the process at XV.B, is illegal and forbidden and shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
==XVI. JURISDICTION AND AUTHORITY OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. Under the authority of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Senate is authorized to enact rules by Senatus consultum that govern its own internal procedures and a law passed in comitia may not overrule any such Senatus consultum. Therefore under the authority of V.F. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, this Senatus consultum asserts and establishes the primacy and supremacy of its contents, and of this Senatus consultum in its entirety, as the only lawful and permitted legal instrument that shall affect and/or regulate the internal procedures of the Senate, subject only to the Constitution of Nova Roma itself.<br />
<br />
B. In respect of 1.A and 1.C of the [[Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio (Nova Roma)|Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio]], the phrase “within the duties of the magistrate” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate, shall be defined as precluding any act, or attempted act, that involves the exercise, or attempted exercise, of imperium and potestas, including but not limited to the issuance of an edictum, that would supersede, contradict, ignore, negate, or overrule any of the provisions of this Senatus consultum. Any such act, or attempted act, is illegal and forbidden. Such an act, or attempted act, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
C. In respect of 1.A and 1.C of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the phrase “within the duties of the magistrate” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate shall be defined only as those duties, honors, powers, limits and obligations assigned by this Senatus consultum. Any extension, or attempted extension, of the scope of those duties as defined above in excess of those permitted within this Senatus consultum is illegal and forbidden. Such an extension, or attempted extension, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
D. In respect of 2.C of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the phrase “calling to Senate to vote or placing a proposed senatus consultum on the Senate agenda” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate shall be defined only as the processes, conduct and regulation of a formal meeting of the Senate as defined and described within the scope of this Senatus Consultum. It shall not imply or be defined as granting such a presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, any extra authority beyond that scope. Any such grant, or attempted grant, is illegal and forbidden. Such a grant, or attempted grant, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
E. The definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive are under the authority of sections V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, where under I.B no conflict existing between a lesser legal authority and a higher legal authority, and in the absence of such a definition existing, the Senate, through Senatus consultum, is authorized to so define such phrases and for such definitions to have the force of law.<br />
<br />
F. In accordance with 4.B of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive abide by the definitions and limits of imperium and potestas such as are provided within that lex, but as the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio is silent on providing definitions of the phrases as at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive, then this Senatus Consultum is authorized by V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, as described at XVI.E of this Senatus consultum, to so define those phrases.<br />
<br />
G. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence. For the purposes of the internal procedures of the Senate the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D are the only definitions for the purposes of this Senatus consultum that shall be applied to those specified phrases, regardless of any future definitions that are enacted by way of edictum or law passed in comitia.<br />
<br />
H. Any use, or attempted use, of imperium and/or potestas, as defined by and subject to the limitations at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive, by a member of the Senate or other magistrate, to evade, impede, negate or otherwise cancel any sanction(s) imposed upon that member or other magistrate, or upon another member or other magistrate, under the authority and terms of this Senatus consultum shall be illegal and forbidden and deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
I. No section of this Senatus consultum shall be defined or implied to affect, or alter, or define the scope and/or use of imperium and/or potestas, as defined by the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, on matters not pertaining to the Senate and the business of the Senate.<br />
<br />
J. In respect of 2.D and 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the use of the phrase “on all levels on all Nova Roma subjects” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate and the business of the Senate shall be defined as being by right of section V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma subject to, and limited by, the right of the Senate to establish a specific method of interpretation for this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
K. The exercise, or attempted exercise, of the right of full iurisdictio under 2.D and 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio that would seek to define, affect, alter, contradict, ignore, negate, overrule, cancel, or other such limiting consequence, the method of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, established within this Senatus consultum, under the authority of XVI.J is illegal and forbidden. Such an exercise, or attempted exercise, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
L. As the right to hold of imperium, as defined under IV.A.2.a, IV.A.3.a and IV.A.4.a of the Constitution of Nova Roma, does not include a definition of the scope and use of imperium, and as the the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio is silent on the definition of the phrases as specified at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive of this Senatus consultum, then the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D, by virtue of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, shall not be defined or interpreted as in conflict with IV.A.2.a, IV.A.3.a and IV.A.4.a of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
M. In respect of VI.B.1.c and VI.B.2.a.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such decretum so issued that is concerned with, or affects, the internal procedures of the Senate shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, require confirmation by Senatus consultum, passed by way of extraordinary majority, before that decretum can legally be applied to, or affect, the internal procedures of the Senate. Any such decretum not subject to confirmation, or having failed to receive confirmation, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate. Such non-binding advice shall not affect or alter the procedures of the Senate as defined within this Senatus consultum and any act that affects or alters, or attempts to affect or alter, those procedures is illegal and forbidden.<br />
<br />
N. In respect of VI.B.2.b.1 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such definition that the Senate list, or any such place as defined under XV.B of this Senatus consultum, is a templum shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, require confirmation by Senatus consultum, passed by way of extraordinary majority, before that definition can legally be applied to, or affect, the internal procedures of the Senate. Any such definition not subject to confirmation, or having failed to receive confirmation, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate. Such non-binding advice shall not affect or alter the procedures of the Senate as defined within this Senatus consultum and any act that affects or alters, or attempts to affect or alter, those procedures is illegal and forbidden.<br />
<br />
O. In respect of VI.B.2.b.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such declaration of obnuntiatio in respect of a formal meeting of the Senate in session shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, only apply and result in such a meeting being delayed where auspices have been taken according to XII.C.2 of this Senatus consultum. Any declaration of obnuntiatio not based on the taking of auspices, as defined at XIII.C, shall require acceptance of the presiding magistrate before that declaration can legally result in such a meeting being delayed. Any such definition not subject to such acceptance, or having failed to receive such acceptance, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate.<br />
<br />
P. Should the presiding magistrate at XVI.O not accept a declaration of obnuntiatio and proceed with a formal meeting of the Senate, the first agenda item after the call to order that must be discussed is that declaration of obnuntiatio. Regardless of any other requirement or provision of this Senatus consultum, the matter of the obnuntiatio shall be subject to an immediate debate period of only 24 hours in length at the conclusion of which an additional call to vote must be issued.<br />
<br />
Q. Regardless of any other requirement or provision of this Senatus consultum, this additional voting period at XVI.P shall only be 24 hours in length. This additional voting period shall be separate from, and additional to, that voting period specified on the call to convene. A Senatus consultum concerning the matter of the obnuntiatio shall be the only item put to the vote in this additional voting period.<br />
<br />
R. The Senatus consultum at XVI.Q that shall be put to the vote in this additional voting period shall state the text of the declaration of the obnuntiatio, who made the declaration, the time and date it was made, and any other information provided by the person making the declaration, and shall further state the following motion: “As a consequence of this declaration of obnuntiatio the Senate of Nova Roma decrees that the current formal meeting of the Senate in session shall be immediately recessed.” The time and date when the recess ends and the Senate must reconvene should be appended immediately after the above motion.<br />
<br />
S. The presiding magistrate at XVI.P may at his/her discretion not specify any time and date to reconvene and instead substitute “shall be immediately closed” in place of “shall be immediately recessed” in respect of the motion at XVI.R.<br />
<br />
T. At the conclusion of the voting period at XVI.Q the determination of the results shall be by the provisions as specified at section VIII of this Senatus consultum. If the Senatus consultum at XVI.Q is enacted the presiding magistrate shall immediately follow its direction and issue either the call to recess, or the call to close based on the text of the Senatus consultum. If the Senatus consultum at XVI.Q is not enacted then the formal meeting of the Senate shall proceed.<br />
<br />
U. Any such declaration of obnuntiatio subject to such confirmation by means of Senatus consultum as at XVI.Q, where such a Senatus consultum having been put to the vote did not achieve a simple majority, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of compelling a delay of the formal meeting of the Senate.<br />
<br />
V. Any act, or attempted act, that circumvents, supersedes, contradicts, ignores, negates, or overrules all, or any part of, section XVI of this Senatus consultum, or attempts to do so, for the obvious, or likely, purpose of subjugating the Senate to the dictate, direction or control of any member of the Senate, or other magistrate, or official, or citizen through the exercise, or attempted exercise, of imperium and/or potestas and/or iurisdictio and/or intercessio and/or other exercise of an otherwise lawful power or right, or by the exercise, or attempted exercise, of an illegally usurped power or right, where the purpose of such subjugation is itself to alter, limit, reduce or eradicate the right of the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma to govern its own internal procedures, or where the purpose of such subjugation is to enable an appointment of a dictator, or the enactment of a Senatus consultum ultimum, where the process of such an appointment or enactment is not in compliance with this Senatus consultum, then such an act, or attempted act, shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the Lex Salicia poenalis. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
W. In respect of any act, or attempted act, defined within this Senatus consultum as contempt of the Senate, or as illegal and forbidden, or as laesa patriae and/or treason, then no member of the Senate or other magistrate, or official, or citizen shall be required to comply with any such act, or attempted act. The imposition of any sanction that is applied, or is attempted to be applied, to a member of the Senate, or other magistrate, or official, or citizen as a consequence of a failure to comply with such an act, or attempted act, shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the Lex Salicia poenalis. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
X. For the purposes of the internal procedures of the Senate the definitions of laesa patriae and/or treason contained within this Senatus consultum are the only definitions that shall be applied, regardless of any future definitions that are enacted by way of any legal instrument. Such definitions are themselves established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, Lex Salicia poenalis shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in this definition being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence.<br />
<br />
==XVII. NOVA ROMA INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS==<br />
<br />
A. A meeting of the Nova Roma Inc. Board of Directors shall be a meeting separate from a formal meeting of the Senate in session and debate and voting shall be restricted to those members of the Senate who are Directors of the corporation.<br />
<br />
B. Such a meeting is not subject to the conditions at XIII.C.<br />
<br />
C. Legal macronational names shall be used throughout, but any use of such names shall be redacted from any report of such a meeting published on the Nova Roman website/wiki and replaced with initials.<br />
<br />
D. An original un-redacted report with full legal macronational names intact shall be stored within the Senate list file section and shall constitute the official record of that meeting.<br />
<br />
E. The procedures of such a meeting will be in accordance with Robert’s Rules of Order. http://robertsrules.org/rror--00.htm<br />
<br />
F. The consent of the princeps senatus is required before a Senatus consultum to authorize a meeting of the Board of Directors can be put to the Senate for a vote. This shall be passed by simple majority and shall contain the specific reason for such a meeting. No meeting maybe held until such a Senatus consultum is passed and enacted. Upon enactment of this Senatus consultum the Board of Directors meeting shall take place immediately after the call to close of the formal meeting of the Senate in session in which the Senatus consultum was passed.<br />
<br />
==XVIII. INTERPRETATION==<br />
<br />
A. If an issue of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, on any matter pertaining to this Senatus consultum, the Senate and/or the business of the Senate, arises during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then by right conferred upon the Senate by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma the following process is established to regulate the use of full iurisdictio under 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio and the general grant of imperium conferred under the Constitution of Nova Roma. This regulation of full iurisdictio, and the general grant of imperium, applies only to the interpretation of this Senatus consultum, and/or to the interpretation of any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or to the business of the Senate. This process shall not be defined or interpreted as affecting the application of full iurisdictio and/or imperium outside of the scope of interpretation in respect of this Senatus consultum and/or any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or the business of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:1. If the presiding magistrate possesses imperium and full iurisdictio, he/she shall consult with the princeps senatus to try to establish a consensual interpretation of the issue at XVIII.A.<br />
<br />
:2. Should consensual interpretation at XVIII.A.1 not be reached within 24 hours of the issue being raised or identified during session, then by virtue of X.C.5.c the interpretation of the princeps senatus shall prevail and have precedence, and shall be adopted as the final and determining interpretation of the issue. The princeps senatus shall post that interpretation to the Senate list in the form of a rule of session.<br />
<br />
:3. No other member of the Senate or other magistrate who possesses imperium and full iurisdictio shall be part of the interpretative process at XVIII.A.1.<br />
<br />
B. If an issue of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, on any matter pertaining to this Senatus consultum, the Senate and/or the business of the Senate, arises during informal Senate discussion, then by right conferred upon the Senate by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma the following process is established to regulate the use of full iurisdictio under 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio and the general grant of imperium conferred under the Constitution of Nova Roma. This regulation of full iurisdictio, and the general grant of imperium, applies only to the interpretation of this Senatus consultum, and/or to the interpretation of any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or to the business of the Senate. This process shall not be defined or interpreted as affecting the application of full iurisdictio and/or imperium outside of the scope of interpretation in respect of this Senatus consultum and/or any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or the business of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:1. The princeps senatus shall resolve the issue by way of reaching an interpretation within 72 hours of the issue being raised or identified and shall post that interpretation to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:2. The interpretation of the princeps senatus at XVIII.B.1 shall, by virtue of X.C.5.c, be the final interpretation of the issue.<br />
<br />
:4. No other member of the Senate or other magistrate who possesses imperium and full iurisdictio shall be part of the interpretative process at XVIII.B.1<br />
<br />
==XIX. SUPERSEDING, AMENDING OR REPEALING THIS SENATUS CONSULTUM==<br />
<br />
A. Upon enactment of this Senatus Consultum, under the authority of XVI.A the only lawful method of subsequently superseding, amending or repealing this Senatus consultum must be by way of a Senatus Consultum that must achieve an extraordinary majority before it can be enacted. Any other method or attempt shall be illegal and forbidden and shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
B. No other Senatus Consultum shall be enacted where the proposed content of which conflicts, negates, overrides, limits or otherwise affects in a negative manner the contents and/or purposes of all or any part of this Senatus Consultum, whether directly or indirectly other than by the method at specified at XVIII.A.<br />
<br />
==XX. REPEALED AND SUPERSEDED==<br />
<br />
A. The following Senatus Consulta are repealed:<br />
<br />
:1. Rules on defining a Senate Quorum – approved a d XV Sex MMDCCLIV<br />
<br />
:2. Rules on convening the Senate – approved a.d. XVII Kal. Dec. MMDCCLVI<br />
<br />
:3. [[Procedures for Reporting the Senate's Call to Order]] – undated.<br />
<br />
:4. [[Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLIX (Nova Roma)|Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLIX]] – approved a.d. VIII Id. Sex MMDCCLIX<br />
<br />
:5. [[Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate (Nova_Roma)|Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate]] – undated.<br />
<br />
B. The contents of this Senatus Consultum shall by authority of XV.A supersede and override the contents of any other Senatus consulta, or lesser legal authority, enacted prior to this Senatus Consultum which is concerned with, but not limited to, informal Senate discussion, the procedures of the Senate during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, the princeps senatus, management and ownership of the Senate list and matters of internal moderation of members of the Senate.<br />
<br />
==XXI. ANNOTATION AND STYLE==<br />
<br />
A. The use of (s) in this Senatus consultum indicates that the singular occurrence of the word may also be read as the plural of that word. Absence of such (s) shall not necessarily imply that the plural cannot be inferred.<br />
<br />
B. Where not stated otherwise, as at XXI.C, the use of a combination of letters, Roman numerals, Arabic numerals, such as XXX.A.1.a.i, is a reference to a corresponding section of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
C. Similar types of combination at XXI.B can also be used to indicate a corresponding section of either the Constitution of Nova Roma or a named lex.<br />
<br />
D. The use of a descriptive title to describe sections of this Senatus consultum is only to assist in providing a brief general description of the contents in that section. Such a title does not form part of the reference method described at XXI.B.<br />
<br />
E. The use of italics is for ease of reference only and no extra meaning shall be construed from such use.<br />
<br />
F. Any issue arising from a matter of spelling, punctuation, grammar, annotation or style shall be resolved using the process described in XVIII of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
</div></div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Talk:Senatus_consultum_de_ratione_senatus_MMDCCLIX_(Nova_Roma)Talk:Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLIX (Nova Roma)2014-02-09T00:40:54Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: status</p>
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<div>==Status of Senatus consultum==<br />
<br />
This Senatus consultum has been marked as '''repealed''' in accordance with XX.A.4 of [[Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLXV (Nova Roma)|Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLXV]]. -- [[User:Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus|Q Caecilius Metellus Postumianus]] 01:40, 9 February 2014 (CET)</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Senatus_consultum_de_ratione_senatus_MMDCCLIX_(Nova_Roma)Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLIX (Nova Roma)2014-02-09T00:35:59Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: add links, fix cat for ordering; update status</p>
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<div>{|width="100%"<br />
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{{SenConStatusRepealed}}<br />
{{SenConPassed <br />
| when={{Aug 6}} {{2006}}<br />
| yes=23 | no=0 | abs=2 <br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
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'''Note: parenthesised section titles within are unofficial, and are present for convenience only'''<br />
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<div class="scriptum"><br />
In accordance with paragraph V.D. of the [[Current constitution (Nova Roma)|Constitution of Nova Roma]], the Senatus Consultum de Ratione Senatus is hereby enacted to set forth the rules and procedures for debate and the taking of votes in the Senate.<br />
<br />
===(Informal Senate Discussion)===<br />
I. Any member of the Senate may, at his discretion, introduce a topic for discussion by sharing it with the rest of the Senate. Such discussion is to be encouraged, but should not be mistaken for the formal process of calling for a vote on a given issue, which may only be done after the Senate has been convened for such a purpose, and by procedures as described below.<br />
<br />
===(Convening the Senate)===<br />
II. The Senate may be convened by a [[Consul (Nova Roma)|consul]], [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|praetor]], or [[Tribunus plebis (Nova Roma)|tribunus plebis]]. The magistrate convening the Senate shall hereafter be referred to as the presiding magistrate.<br />
:A. A consul may convene the Senate for any purpose.<br />
:B. A praetor may convene the Senate for any purpose when both consuls are unavailable.<br />
:C. A tribunus plebis may convene the Senate in order to ask the Senate's advice on any subject which is clearly within the scope of his or her constitutionally mandated powers and obligations.<br />
<br />
===(Notifying the Senate)===<br />
III. Prior to convening the Senate, all of the members of the Senate, and all those by law permitted to witness the discussions of the senate, must be informed no less than twenty-four hours prior to the Senate being formally convened. This is to be accomplished by sending a simple e-mail of intent to the Senate e-mail list by the presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
===(Presenting Items to the Senate)===<br />
IV. After the interval described in section III above, the presiding magistrate may convene the Senate and present one or more matters for their consideration. Should the presiding magistrate wish to do so, he may yield the floor to a member of the Senate or another magistrate, allowing that person to present one or more items for the Senate's consideration.<br />
<br />
===(Procedure for Senate Debate)===<br />
V. Once the matters for consideration have been presented, each of the members of the Senate may offer their opinions thereon. The debate shall be limited to the presiding magistrate, members of the Senate, and any magistrate which the presiding magistrate has allowed to present items in accord with section IV above. The tribunes of the plebs, shall keep the citizens informed as to the progress and content of the debate. There shall be no limit on the length of the opinions rendered.<br />
:A. Debate is to be conducted via electronic mail through the Senate e-mail list (the exception being a face-to-face meeting described below), and each Senator shall have up to ninety-six hours to issue his or her opinion. Should that time elapse, the Senator shall be assumed to have abrogated his right to speak on the issues at hand (but such silence shall not be considered a waiver of the right to vote thereon).<br />
:B. Senator who is unable to vote may, during the debate phase, give his proxy to another member of the Senate, as long as such is done openly and within the prescribed period of debate.<br />
<br />
===(Voting)===<br />
VI. Once each Senator has been given the opportunity to state his position on the issues under discussion, the presiding magistrate shall call the issue to a vote. Voting shall be done openly on the Senate e-mail list, and matters being voted on shall be decided by majority vote unless otherwise mandated.<br />
:A. Voting is to be conducted on the Senate e-mail list, unless it is conducted in a face-to-face venue, and each Senator shall have at least forty-eight hours to cast his or her vote. Should the voting period elapse, any Senator that has yet to vote shall be assumed to have abrogated his or her right to vote on the matters at hand.<br />
<br />
:B. On items that are presented for approval by affirmative or negative vote, a Senator may either vote or abstain from voting as follows:<br />
::1. An AFFIRMATIVE vote is registered by the Senator's statement of "YES", "UTI ROGAS", or another clearly synonymous phrase of support;<br />
::2. A NEGATIVE vote is registered by the Senator's statement of "NO", "ANTIQUO", or another clearly synonymous phrase of opposition;<br />
::3. An ABSTENTION is expressed with the Senator's statement of "ABSTINEO", "I ABSTAIN", by leaving the item blank, or with another clearly synonymous phrase of neutrality. Such abstentions are not considered to be votes, and are not counted when calculating the number required for a majority as defined below. Abstentions do not diminish the number of Senators considered present when determining whether a quorum is achieved.<br />
<br />
:C. Except where otherwise stated, a Senatus Consultum is enacted when the number of affirmative votes (as described above) equals or exceeds the number required for a "simple majority".<br />
::1. Simple Majority: A simple majority is defined as the number of affirmative votes plus the number of negative votes, divided by two, with one added to that result. Abstentions are not counted when determining this number. An equivalent result may be obtained by directly comparing the numbers of affirmative and negative votes, again ignoring abstentions; if the number of affirmative votes EXCEEDS (not merely equals) the number of negative votes, the item has succeeded, and the Senate has voted in favour of the item.<br />
::2. Super Majority: When particular items are required by law to have a super majority of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative and negative votes (ignoring abstentions), multiplying by the fraction required by law, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
<br />
:D. The presiding magistrate must stipulate the voting period of no less than forty-eight, and no more than ninety-six hours. The voting period shall be stipulated at the time that the Senate is called to a vote and cannot be shortened by the presiding magistrate, but can be extended up to the ninety-six hour maximum.<br />
:E. It is recommended that the voting period begin at sunrise in Rome on the first day of the voting period and end at sunset in Rome on the last day of the voting period.<br />
<br />
===(Publishing of Results)===<br />
VII. Once voting on the matters at hand is complete, one of the tribunus plebis shall inform the people of the outcome of the vote and the presiding magistrate shall officially end the meeting of the Senate.<br />
<br />
===(Physical Meetings)===<br />
VIII. When a meeting of the Senate is conducted in a face-to-face session the following special conditions apply:<br />
<br />
:A. The debate phase shall last as long as necessary, giving each Senator present the opportunity to discuss each item on the agenda. The debate phase shall end after every Senator has been given the opportunity to speak, waiving a right to speak does not waive a Senators right to vote.<br />
:B. Voting shall start after the debate phase has ended and shall continue until every Senator present has voted. Voting shall be done by a show of hands or some other equally unambiguous method.<br />
:C. Senate meetings shall occur only between sunrise and sunset. A meeting may adjourn for the night and reconvene the next morning at the discretion of the presiding magistrate.<br />
:D. Senate meetings should occur, if possible, in a public building which has been consecrated according to specifications established by the [[Collegium augurum (Nova Roma)|Collegium Augurium]].<br />
:E. Voting shall be done by a show of hands or some other equally unambiguous method.<br />
<br />
===(Superceding previous procedures)===<br />
IX. The procedures indicated here shall supersede all other approved Senate voting procedures including, but not limited to, the [[Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLVIII (Nova Roma)|procedure approved on a.d. III Id. Nov. MMDCCLVI 11 Nov 2756]].<br />
</div><br />
<br />
[[Category:Senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|2006 08 06]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLIX]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/ES:VolcanaliaES:Volcanalia2014-02-09T00:20:22Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: translate templates</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|Volcanalia}}<br />
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{{Translate|DE}}{{Translate|EN}}{{Translate|EO}}{{Translate|FR}}{{Translate|HU}}{{Translate|IT}}{{Translate|PT}}{{Translate|RO}}{{Translate|RU}}<br />
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'''EL FESTIVAL DEL FUEGO Y LOS VOLCANES'''<br />
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El 23 de Agosto se celebra la Volcanalia o Vulcanalia: Un ritual en honor del dios Vulcano, dios del fuego, gobernante de los volcanes y patrón de las forjas.<br />
<br />
A pesar del calor que suele hacer en Roma en verano, muchos ciudadanos se reunían en el Foro o en sus casas para celebrar este ritual. Con él se protegían de los incendios, de los volcanes y los terremotos honrando a Vulcano. Como el ritual exige encender fuegos, el templo de Vulcano lo pusieron en el Campo de Marte, fuera de la ciudad (al parecer aprendieron esta lección por las malas)<br />
<br />
Para los que queráis honrar a Vulcano y protegeros de incendios, volcanes y terremotos el ritual sería así:<br />
<br />
"El ritual consiste en asar un pescado y ofrecérselo a Vulcano. <br />
<br />
Como siempre en Roma, el ritual debería realizarlo si es posible el padre de familia, que es el sacerdote del hogar.<br />
<br />
El tipo de pescado es indiferente. Tal vez usasen más el de río por la proximidad al Tíber de los escogidos que viviesen en la capital. Pero los que vivieran cerca del mar usarían pescado marino.<br />
<br />
La tradición dice que el pez debe estar vivo cuando se arroje al fuego. Pero para contrarios a los sacrificios cruentos, el pescado puede estar muerto. <br />
<br />
Lo que sí debéis hacer es asarlo, dejar que la grasa y la piel se consuman bien y no comer estas partes, pues son las que se ofrendan al dios. <br />
<br />
Si queréis comeros el resto, no hay problema.“<br />
<br />
¡Ya sabéis, de vosotros depende que no se os pegue fuego a las casas o que no entre en erupción otro volcán o que no haya un terremoto!<br />
<br />
Lamentándolo mucho, y como casi siempre, no nos ha llegado la forma exacta del ritual ni la oración que hay que pronunciar durante el mismo. Sólo tenemos lo que se hacía. <br />
<br />
Al hablar de rituales romanos es importante explicar conceptos como "impiedad", “expiación”, "vicio en el ritual", etc.<br />
<br />
¿Recordáis la peste de Tebas en “Edipo”? Bien, él no hizo mal ningún rito, pero estaba viviendo en impiedad. Digamos que era impío de la mañana a la noche y un día tras otro, por lo que los dioses lo castigaron con la peste sobre su ciudad. Estas cosas se solucionaban condenando al impío a lo que dictaminasen los oráculos y purificando luego la ciudad, que había quedado impregnada de sacrilegios. <br />
<br />
Otro ejemplo sería el emparedamiento de las vestales que rompían el voto de castidad. Era una expiación para salvar la ciudad, que sufriría por la impiedad de una sola mujer.<br />
A ella se la enterraba viva para no romper el tabú de hacerle violencia a una vestal y a él lo mataban directamente.<br />
<br />
¡Ojo! No se trata de una expiación por los pecados porque, de entrada, en el paganismo pues no hay concepto de pecado. Por ejemplo, la cólera de los dioses discrimina poco entre inocentes y culpables.<br />
<br />
Los ritos eran válidos y los dioses escuchan siempre, pero sólo si se hacen de forma correcta. Si un rito se realiza de forma incorrecta (tiene un “vicio”), puedes esperar que los dioses no te escuchen. Y si es un vicio muy ofensivo, quizá las cosas se te vuelvan adversas, pero sólo por lo relacionado con ese rito. ¡En Pompeya probablemente realizaran mal la Vulcanalia!<br />
<br />
No creo que cometamos impiedad por no cumplir bien los ritos en nuestra época, pues seguramente los dioses son conscientes de la evolución social e histórica y de la imposibilidad de muchos rituales a fecha actual. Hay que adaptarse a las nuevas exigencias, pero respetando. Si se hace con voluntad y con creencia y convencimiento, ningún rito puede salir mal tras más de mil quinientos años de abandono y con lagunas que imposibilitan la exacta reconstrucción. No podremos saber qué se decía en esta oración pues no tenemos ningún registro. No somos nosotros los culpables<br />
<br />
Un último apunte: A alguno le parecerá que la Vulcanalia se parece sospechosamente a un picnic familiar multitudinario en verano, en el campo de Marte con "pescaíto asao". <br />
<br />
Bueno, los romanos se tomaban muy en serio hacer bien estos ritos sin risas ni coñas. La salud propia y la de la ciudad dependían de ello. Pero también fueron siempre un pueblo eminentemente práctico :-D<br />
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Por [[Fabius Salix Lucentinus (Nova Roma)|Fabius Salix Lucentinus]] y Marcus Salix Saverius<br />
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[[Category:Nova Roma (Español)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Template:TranslateTemplate:Translate2014-02-09T00:17:27Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: ad linguas addendas</p>
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</noinclude></div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Senatus_consultum_on_patres_patriae_appointments_(Nova_Roma)Senatus consultum on patres patriae appointments (Nova Roma)2014-02-08T23:38:13Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: link and template fixes</p>
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| when={{Jan 29}} {{2002}}<br />
| yes=18 | no=0 | abs=2 <br />
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<div class="scriptum"><br />
In recognition of their service as the founders of the Republic, [[Flavius Vedius Germanicus (Nova Roma)|F. Vedius Germanicus]] and [[Marcus Cassius Julianus (Nova Roma)|M. Cassius Iulianus]] are each to be awarded the honorific "Pater Patriae".<br />
</div><br />
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[[Category:Senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|2002 {{#time:m|Jan}} {{padleft:29|2|0}}]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLV]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/BalteusBalteus2014-02-08T23:21:16Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: link; add language bar; request citations</p>
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The plate-covered belt popularly called a ''cingulum'' was more likely known as a '''''balteus'''''. In the mid-first Century CE a single belt to support dagger and apron was most common, but the two crossed belts worn in Augustan times still appeared.<br />
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[[Image:Balteus1.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Modern ''balteus''Made and used by [[Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus Augur (Nova Roma)|Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus Augur]].]]<br />
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'''Beltplates''' are generally described as either narrow or wide. The narrow plates are the older style, the narrow belts often being worn in pairs. They are usualy cast brass and frequently tinned or silvered, and inlaid with niello. They range in width from 1" to 1 1/2", and in length from 2" to 2 1/4". Wide plates, measuring 1 1/2" to 2" wide by 1 3/3" to 2 1/2" long, are generally stamped from a thin brass sheet, and are also often tinned or silvered. Frequently the ends are rolled, sometimes with ball-headed pins inserted in the resulting tubes.<br />
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The '''buckle''' and '''dagger frogs''' (or "suspension discs") are cast brass, with hinge tubes. Matching hinge tubes are either cast directly with the appropriate belt plate, cut into a rolled plate, or made separately (cast or folded) and riveted behind a plate.<br />
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The plates are riveted to a '''leather belt''' no wider than the plates themselves. Some cast plates have integral pegs on the back to serve as rivets. Round or square washers may be used. The leather is 3-6 ounces and may be left plain, or dyed red, black, or another color. (In any case it should be well-oiled and greased.) The buckle is most often seen on the right end of the belt, while the free end is narrowed to fit it. Be sure to position the dagger frogs far enough apart to accept your pugio scabbard. The Velsen belt and at least one sculpture imply that some belts had no plates at the back.<br />
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[[Image:Balteus2.jpg|right|thumb|300px|''Balteus'' Made and used by Lucius Equitius Cincinnatus Augur ]]<br />
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The '''apron''', also called a sporran or groin-guard, was a decorative item derived from split belt ends. It has from four to eight leather strips 3/4" to 1" wide by approximately 10" long. Wide belts characteristically have four of the wider strips while a larger number of narrow strips are usually seen only on narrow belts. each strip ends in a dangling terminal, and has up to 16 disc-shaped studs. Usually these are cast (and occasionally inlaid) with a peg on the back to serve as a rivet. Studs can also be cut from sheet brass and secured with a rivet through the center. The studs can be placed to form horizontal rows, or staggered (although the terminals all hang at the same height), or even spaced up to 2" apart.<br />
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The apron commonly hangs over the top of the belt (being riveted to the back), but can hang down from the bottom edge, especially on narrow belts. In such a case the top of each strip may have a small plate like a miniature belt plate.<br />
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All apron fittings may be tinned or silvered to match the belt. The leather may be dyed like the belt. There may be a reinforcing stitching of linen thread down each side of a strip, or a decorative tooled line.<br />
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It is clear that the balteus was a valuable personal possession. Although made in Army workshops and probably a required item of equipment, it was perhaps not issued at random but more carefully chosen by the soldier according to his own tastes and budget.<br />
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[[Category:Roman Clothing and Equipment]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/SilvanusSilvanus2014-02-08T23:13:59Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: link; add language bar; mark stub</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|Silvanus}}<br />
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'''Silvanus''' is an ancient Italic rustic god of the forests, shepherds, wild places, and boundaries. Although he is assumed to be an ancient deity, material on Silvanus only comes from the 2nd century B.C.E. His epithets are ''pater'' and ''senex'', and he was usually depicted as a ragged old man with a sickle. Most scholars reject the identification with Etruscan "''Selvans''" but are unsure if Silvanus is an epithet of [[Mars]] or a separate deity altogether. Much is unknown about this deity, though he was worshipped throughout the Empire.<br />
[[Image:Silvanus courtesy of Vroma.jpg|right|frame]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
Peter F. Dorcey "The Cult of Silvanus; a study in Roman Folk Religion", Brill 1992<br />
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[[Category:Roman Gods]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Fasti_tribunicii_(Nova_Roma)Fasti tribunicii (Nova Roma)2014-02-08T23:04:44Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: update</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|Fasti tribunicii (Nova Roma)}}<br />
<br><br />
The '''''fasti tribunicii''''' list the [[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|''tribuni plebis'']] of Nova Roma since the creation of this office {{1999}}.<br />
<br><br />
<br><br />
__TOC__<br />
<br><br />
<onlyinclude><br />
==={{1999}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Avidius Tullius Callidus (Nova Roma)|Avidius Tullius Callidus]], resigned {{Jun 10}}<br />
*[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus (Nova Roma)|Q. Caecilius Metellus]]<br />
*[[Marcus Antonius Gryllus Graecus (Nova Roma)|M. Antonius Gryllus Graecus]], tribunus suffectus (elected {{Jun 28}})<br />
<br />
==={{2000}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Gnaeus Tarquinus Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Tarquinus Caesar]]<br />
*[[Lucius Sergius Australicus (Nova Roma)|L. Sergius Australicus]]<br />
<br />
==={{2001}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Titus Labienus Fortunatus (Nova Roma)|T. Labienus Fortunatus]]<br />
*[[Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus (Nova Roma)|Cn. Moravius Piscinius]], resigned {{Mar 15}}<br />
*[[Quintus Sertorius (Nova Roma)|Q. Sertorius]], tribunus suffectus (elected {{Apr 12}})<br />
<br />
==={{2002}}===<br />
<br />
The number of tribunes rising from two to five with the passage of the Lex Vedia de tribunus on {{Dec 18}}, {{2001}}.<br />
<br />
*[[Gnaeus Salvius Astur (Nova Roma)|Cn. Salvius Astur]]<br />
*[[Marcus Arminius Maior (Nova Roma)|M. Arminius Maior]]<br />
*[[Claudius Salix Davianus (Nova Roma)|Claudius Salix Davianus]]<br />
*[[Manius Villius Limitanus (Nova Roma)|M'. Villius Limitanus]]<br />
*[[Lucius Mauricius Procopius (Nova Roma)|L. Mauricius Procopius]]<br />
<br />
==={{2003}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Diana Moravia Aventina (Nova Roma)|Diana Moravia Aventina]]<br />
*[[Marcus Marcius Rex (Nova Roma)|M. Marcius Rex]]<br />
*[[Lucius Pompeius Octavianus (Nova Roma)|L. Pompeius Octavianus]]<br />
*[[Lucius Didius Geminus Sceptius (Nova Roma)|L. Didius Geminus Sceptius]] (elected {{Mar 9}})<br />
*[[Gaius Popillius Laenas (Nova Roma)|C. Popillius Laenas]] (elected {{Jun 16}})<br />
<br />
==={{2004}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Franciscus Apulus Caesar (Nova Roma)|Fr. Apulus Caesar]]<br />
*[[Lucius Arminius Faustus (Nova Roma)|L. Arminius Faustus]]<br />
*[[Julilla Sempronia Magna (Nova Roma)|Julilla Sempronia Magna]]<br />
*[[Gaius Fabius Buteo Modianus (Nova Roma)|C. Modius Athanasius]]<br />
*[[Tiberius Galerius Paulinus (Nova Roma)|Ti. Galerius Paulinus]]<br />
<br />
==={{2005}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Caius Curius Saturninus (Nova Roma)|C. Curius Saturninus]]<br />
*[[Publius Memmius Albucius (Nova Roma)|P. Memmius Albucius]]<br />
*[[Domitius Constantinus Fuscus (Nova Roma)|Domitius Constantinus Fuscus]]<br />
*[[Marca Hortensia Maior (Nova Roma)|M. Hortensia Maior]]<br />
*[[Marcus Bianchius Antonius (Nova Roma)|M. Bianchius Antonius]]<br />
<br />
==={{2006}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Marcus Arminius Maior (Nova Roma)|M. Arminius Maior]] (II)<br />
*[[Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus (Nova Roma)|M. Moravius Piscinus Horatianus]] (II)<br />
*[[Gnaeus Salvius Astur (Nova Roma)|Cn. Salvius Astur]] (II)<br />
*[[Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Nova Roma)|Q. Suetonius Paulinus]]<br />
*[[Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa (Nova Roma)|C. Vipsanius Agrippa]]<br />
<br />
==={{2007}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Gaius Arminius Reccanellus (Nova Roma)|C. Arminius Reccanellus]]<br />
*[[Marcus Curiatius Complutensis (Nova Roma)|M. Curiatius Complutensis]]<br />
*[[Quintus Servilius Priscus (Nova Roma)|Q. Servilius Priscus]]<br />
*[[Marcus Pontius Sejanus (Nova Roma)|M. Pontius Sejanus]]<br />
*[[Flavius Galerius Aurelianus (Nova Roma)|F. Galerius Aurelianus]]<br />
<br />
==={{2008}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Titus Flavius Aquila (Nova Roma)|T. Flavius Aquila]]<br />
*[[Lucia Livia Plauta (Nova Roma)|L. Livia Plauta]]<br />
*[[Quintus Arrius Nauta (Nova Roma)|Q. Arrius Nauta]]<br />
*[[Quintus Valerius Callidus (Nova Roma)|Q. Valerius Callidus]]<br />
*[[Quintus Iulius Probus (Nova Roma)|Q. Iulius Probus]]<br />
<br />
==={{2009}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa (Nova Roma)|C. Vipsanius Agrippa]] (II)<br />
*[[Flavius Galerius Aurelianus (Nova Roma)|F. Galerius Aurelianus]] (II)<br />
*[[Tiberius Horatius Barbatus (Nova Roma)|Ti. Horatius Barbatus]]<br />
*[[Gaius Pompeius Marcellus (Nova Roma)|C. Pompeius Marcellus]]<br />
*[[Appius Galerius Aurelianus (Nova Roma)|Ap. Galerius Aurelianus]]<br />
<br />
==={{2010}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Maxima Valeria Messallina (Nova Roma)|Maxima Valeria Messallina]]<br />
*[[Gaius Curius Saturninus (Nova Roma)|C. Curius Saturninus]] (II)<br />
*[[Gaius Petronius Dexter (Nova Roma)|C. Petronius Dexter]]<br />
*[[Marcus Octavius Corvus (Nova Roma)|M. Octavius Corvus]]<br />
*[[Gaius Aquillius Rota (Nova Roma)|C. Aquillius Rota]]<br />
<br />
==={{2011}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Tiberius Galerius Paulinus (Nova Roma)|Ti. Galerius Paulinus]] (II)<br />
*[[Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus (Nova Roma)|C. Tullius Valerianus Germanicus]]<br />
*[[Vibia Rutilia Enodiaria (Nova Roma)|V. Rutilia Enodiaria]]<br />
*[[Gaius Aemilius Crassus (Nova Roma)|C. Aemilius Crassus]]<br />
*[[Quintus Servilius Priscus (Nova Roma)|Q. Servilius Priscus]] (II)<br />
<br />
==={{2012}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Vibia Aemilia Regilla (Nova Roma)|V. Aemilia Regilla]]<br />
*[[Titus Flavius Severus (Nova Roma)|T. Flavius Severus]] (II)<br />
*[[Aulus Liburnius Hadrianus (Nova Roma)|A. Liburnius Hadrianus]]<br />
*[[Servius Marius Paullus (Nova Roma)|Ser. Marius Paullus]]<br />
*[[Vibius Valerius Volusus (Nova Roma)|V. Valerius Volusus]]<br />
<br />
==={{2013}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Marcus Pompeius Caninus (Nova Roma)|M. Pompeius Caninus]]<br />
*[[Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus (Nova Roma)|C. Tullius Valerianus Germanicus]] (II)<br />
*[[Gaius Quinctius Flamininus (Nova Roma)|C. Quinctius Flamininus]]<br />
<br />
==={{2014}}===<br />
<br />
*[[Tiberius Galerius Paulinus (Nova Roma)|Ti. Galerius Paulinus]] (III)<br />
*[[Gaius Claudius Quadratus (Nova Roma)|C. Claudius Quadratus]]<br />
*[[Lucius Ulpius Atellus (Nova Roma)|L. Ulpius Atellus]]<br />
*[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus (Nova Roma)|Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus]]<br />
*[[Aulus Apollonius Antullus (Nova Roma)|A. Apollonius Antullus]]<br />
</onlyinclude><br />
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[[Category:Content templates]]<br />
[[Category:Magistrates (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:Nova Roma History]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Session_January_2765Session January 27652014-02-08T22:42:30Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix link</p>
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<div><u>'''SESSION RESULTS'''</u><br />
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="95%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Item nb.<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Item title<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Mand. SC<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Appr. of a pres. mag. prop.<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Nb of sen.<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Voters<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Non voters<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | Quorum obt.<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | 2/3 qual. maj.<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | UR<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | ABS<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | ANT<br />
! style="background:#993333; text-align:center; color:#ffffff;" | APPR<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | I<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on an amendment to Nova Roma Inc. Articles of Incorporation]]<br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | II<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on authorized signers (Nova Roma)]]<br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | III<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on the budget for 2765 AUC]]<br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | IV<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on the position of CFO (Nova Roma)]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | <br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | V<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on the appointment of Curule Aedile (Nova Roma)]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | <br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | VI<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on the appointment of Custodes and Assistants (Nova Roma)]]<br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | VII<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on derived meaning from legal authorities (Nova Roma)]]<br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | VIII<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on financial disbursements (Nova Roma)]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | <br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | IX<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on the creation of an Information Technology Task Force (Nova Roma)]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | <br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | X<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on payments January 2012]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | <br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | XI<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on the creation of a senate committee concerning the creation of the provocatio process (Nova Roma)]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | <br />
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|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | XII<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | [[Senatus consultum on remission of the tax in the favour of L. Equitius Cincinnatus Augur (Nova Roma)]]<br />
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|}</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Senatus_consultum_de_ratione_senatus_MMDCCLXV_(Nova_Roma)Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLXV (Nova Roma)2014-02-08T22:41:20Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: moved Senatus consultum de ratione senatus (Nova Roma) to Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLXV (Nova Roma): align with title of Senatus consultum</p>
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<div>[[Category:Senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|2012 {{#time:m|Jan}} {{padleft:31|2|0}}]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLXV]]<br />
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<div class="scriptum"><br />
Under the authority of section V.F. of the [[Current constitution (Nova Roma)|Constitution of Nova Roma]], the Senatus Consultum de Ratione Senatus MMDCCLXV is hereby enacted to set forth the rules governing the internal procedures of the Senate.<br />
<br />
==I. DEFINITIONS==<br />
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The definitions below shall be the only meaning applicable to their usage in this Senatus consultum. Any requirement(s), limit(s) or other condition(s) specified within a definition shall have the full legal force of this Senatus Consultum attached to it and therefore compliance with such a requirement(s), limit(s) or other condition(s) shall be mandatory. The absence of a definition in this section shall not be construed as any lack of full legal force of the word or phrase in question. Other sections of this Senatus consultum may also provide definitions for words or phrases not included in this section. Issues over meaning of a phrase or word shall be resolved under section XVIII of this Senatus consultum. Inclusion of quotation marks around a word or phrase and its highlighting in bold type in section I of this Senatus consultum is only for ease of reference to indicate that such a word or phrase is included in section I of this Senatus consultum and no additional or lesser legal force shall be construed from that. Exclusion of quotation marks around a word or phrase and any highlighting in bold type in any section of this Senatus consultum shall not construe any additional or lesser legal force arising from that exclusion, nor shall it be construed that such a word or phrase has a different meaning or definition from an identical occurrence of it in section I of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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* Active agenda item: An item on the agenda that has not been withdrawn.<br />
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* Agenda: The list of items that are initially proposed for debate during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” contained within the “call to convene”, and which may subsequently amended according to the terms of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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* Arbitrate: With or without invitation by all, or by any, of the parties to a dispute or disagreement, make an authoritative decision to resolve such a dispute or disagreement, and to have the authority to compel all the parties to accept and/or comply with that result. Such a resolve shall be a final and absolute result not subject to any appeal.<br />
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* Another magistrate / other magistrate: A magistrate, not being a “member of the senate”, who has been specifically permitted by the “presiding magistrate” to address the Senate during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. This definition includes a curule aedile, a plebeian aedile, a quaestor, any other person elected by one of the comitia, a governor of a Nova Roman province, a provincial magistrate of first to fourth rank, a magistrate of an oppidum or municipium and any person appointed by the Senate to their position. This definition does not include a scribe and accensus, who shall not be permitted to join the “Senate list” unless he/she is also, in addition to that position of scribe or accensus already a “member of the Senate”. The invitation to such “another magistrate” is for one “formal meeting of the Senate in session” only. Such a magistrate is bound by all the restrictions in relation to posting, conduct, and confidentiality within this Senatus Consultum. There must be a clearly established and pressing need for such “other magistrate” to have access to the “Senate list” during the session and the “presiding magistrate” shall explain that need in his/her “call to order”. If in the opinion of the princeps senatus there has been a flagrant abuse of this right of invitation with no such need established, or there was no reason for the need stated in the “call to order”, then such behaviour on the part of the “presiding magistrate” shall be deemed to be “contempt of the Senate”. For the purposes of posting to the “Senate list” during the “debate period”, this “other magistrate” must first obtain either specific permission for each such post, or a standing right of posting for any time during the “debate period”. The standing right applies only to that one “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The choice between specific permission and standing right is at the discretion of the “presiding magistrate”.<br />
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* Both consuls are unavailable/unavailable: When both consuls have indicated, by means of individual messages from each Consul posted to the “Senate list”, that they will be unavailable to receive and send messages to the Senate list for a period of time that includes the entire period of time that the “call to convene” post and the “call to order” post is made by a praetor or the princeps senatus.<br />
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* Business of the Senate: The functions, fulfilment of the purposes of and compliance with the lawful duties of the Senate, such functions, purposes and duties being as defined within the “legal code”. Also this includes the management and operation of the “Senate list”.<br />
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* Call for order: A post made by a presiding magistrate for purpose of restoring order to the Senate list, where if in the opinion of the presiding magistrate a post(s) is/are likely to lead to a violation of III.E, either by the member of the Senate or other magistrate posting such or by another member(s) of the Senate or other magistrate, then he/she may issue a post to the Senate list titled “Call for order” in the subject line of that post. He/she may attach such directions in the body of the post as are necessary in his/her opinion to prevent such a violation. Such directions shall not include a stated or implied sanction. The presiding magistrate may issue as many calls for order as he/she deems necessary in relation to any occurrence of such a type of posting, until it is clear that the risk of a violation of III.E has, in his/her opinion, ceased. Should such a call for order not be complied with then it may be deemed to be contempt of the Senate at the discretion of the presiding magistrate.<br />
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* Call to close: A post by the presiding magistrate sent to the “Senate list” stating that the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” has concluded. The presiding magistrate may include comments in the “call to close”. The “call to close” must have no other function than notifying the Senate of the close of session. After the “call to close” is posted no further business of the Senate that requires a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” shall be conducted without the issue of a new “call to convene”.<br />
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* Call to convene: A post by the presiding magistrate sent to the “Senate list” stating his/her intent to “call the Senate to order”. This post is the commencement of the process to initiate a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”.<br />
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* Call to order / called to order / call the Senate to order: A post of the presiding magistrate during the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” indicating that Senate is in session. This shall be issued either at or after the time and date when the session first commences as defined in the “call to convene”, or following the expiration of a recess of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. No “business of the Senate” shall be conducted until the “call to order” has been posted. The most recent periods of time allocated to debate and/or voting shall continue to decrease after the time and date of the “call to order”, as specified in the “call to convene”, or after the expiration of a period of recess in the “call to recess”, whether the “call to order” is posted or not. The “call to order” shall also include the most recent “agenda”.<br />
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* Call to recess: A post by the “presiding magistrate” sent to the “Senate list” stating his/her intent to recess the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” until a time and date as specified in that post. The most recent periods of time allocated to debate and/or voting shall cease to decrease after the “call to recess” is posted and no “business of the Senate” that requires a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” shall be conducted until the expiration of the period of recess and the “call to order” is posted.<br />
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* Call to vote: A post by the presiding magistrate on the “Senate list” that initiates the “voting period”. No “voting posts” shall be posted until the “call to vote” is posted.<br />
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* Closed session: A discussion on an “active agenda” item of a confidential nature that automatically invokes the requirement of the tribunes to confer with the Senate as under the requirements of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the [[Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum]]. This requirement shall exist and survive regardless of any superseding, alteration or repeal of, the above sections of/the entire Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum.<br />
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* Collegiately: A state of affairs where two magistrates have to agree to an act, or to a decision, before that act or decision can be legally held to exist.<br />
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* Debate period / period of debate: The period of time in a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” during which the “agenda” is discussed and which must be no less than 96 hours in length. No voting may occur during this period.<br />
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* Deemed: A state of affairs, or a fact, the existence of which is created by provision of this Senatus consultum. Once deemed to exist by this Senatus consultum then that state of affairs, or fact, shall for the purposes of, and within the context of, this Senatus consultum so exist.<br />
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* Disappearance of more than 30 days: Where a magistrate has failed to communicate with his/her colleague, or in a communication venue, for at least 30 days and where no known statement of future absence with a return date specified has been published by the magistrate in a communication venue prior to the 30 day period.<br />
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* Draft Senatus consultum / draft Senatus consultum ultimum: The final version of a proposed Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum that is put to the vote. If passed and then when enacted, such a draft becomes a “legal instrument”.<br />
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* Enacted: When an agenda item has passed then the Senatus consultum, or Senatus consultum ultimum, that was the subject of that “active agenda item” and that was included in the items put to the vote receives the immediate force of law upon the posting of the “official result of the vote”. Also, the posting of a “rule of session” shall cause it to be enacted.<br />
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* Extraordinary majority: When particular items are required by “law” to have a “extraordinary majority” of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative and negative votes (ignoring abstentions), multiplying by the fraction required under the legal code, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
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:For the purposes of this Senatus consultum any requirement for an “extraordinary majority” shall require a majority vote of at least four fifths (4/5ths) of all the “voting members of the Senate” as recorded on the Album senatorum, which can be found here: [[:Category:Senators_(Nova_Roma)]]<br />
:A calculation of 4/5ths that produces a result that includes less than one senator shall be rounded up to next whole number so for example 11.2 as a calculation of 4/5ths becomes 12.<br />
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* Favourable: In the context of the auspices, a result that indicates no reason to delay a proposed “formal meeting of the Senate in session”, based on observations made by the person taking the auspices and where such observations are subject to rules of interpretation enacted by the Collegium augurum.<br />
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* Final authority: On matters relating to the internal procedures of the Senate as defined by this Senatus consultum and “rules of session”.<br />
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* Forbidden / prohibited: A requirement that, in respect of an act, or attempted act, that is “illegal”, places a lawful compulsion, and a lawful requirement for obedience with that compulsion, on the person committing the act, or attempting to do so, to either immediately cease that act and/or rescind that act and reverse and cancel any consequences that flow from it, or if an attempt then not to undertake such an act.<br />
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* Force of law: To be possessed of the proportionate weight of legal authority granted under the Constitution of Nova Roma to an item that is defined as “law”.<br />
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* Formal meeting of the Senate in session / session: The period of time between the time and date of the “call to convene” and the time and date of the “call to close” of a session of the Senate. This period of time is the only time that the “business of the Senate” can be addressed by way of Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum.<br />
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* Grossly inaccurate: The reported summary of a post being so obviously a complete distortion of the actual contents of the post.<br />
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* Holds the rods / hold the rods: A state of affairs deriving from the right to the fasces and in Nova Roma where a consul (or praetor) exercises the exclusive right in respect of his/her colleague of equal rank, to conduct a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” for a set period of time. The set period of time is monthly though by mutual agreement between the consul (or praetor) who does not “hold the rods” and his/her magisterial colleague who does “hold the rods” this may change. Such a change may see the rods transferred on a single session basis, a session-to-session basis, for an entire month or any other arrangement that is agreeable to both colleagues. The senior consul, or the consul elected with most centuries, or in the case of a tie then the oldest, shall “hold the rods” first in the January of the next year following his/her election. A suffect consul shall “hold the rods” as and when his/her predecessor would have held them had he/she remained in office.<br />
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* Inclusive: Includes all “sections” between the first and last quoted, including the first and last themselves.<br />
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* Law: Those items defined as comprising the “legal code” with the exception of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
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* Law passed in comitia: A lex.<br />
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* Lawful / legal: A state of affairs in accordance with the requirements of the “legal code” of Nova Roma and/or not contradicting a requirement of the “legal code”, and thus a state of affairs permitted under the “legal code”.<br />
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* Legal code: The Constitution, leges, decreta, Senatus consultum ultima, Senatus consulta and edicta of Nova Roma Inc.<br />
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* Legal instrument: A formal text that is one of those items defined as comprising the “law”.<br />
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* Macronational: Being of the world outside of Nova Roma, excluding that which is of, from and in Nova Roma.<br />
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* Management of Senate business: The administration of the functions, fulfilment of the purposes of and compliance with the lawful duties of the Senate, such functions, purposes and duties being as defined within the “legal code”. The princeps senatus may avail himself/herself of this definition for the purpose of, and reason for, issuing a “call to convene”, when those other magistrates defined as a “presiding magistrate”, excluding those that are Tribunes due to their having only limited legal scope of purpose in respect of a “call to convene”, are unavailable due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, death, resignation from the Senate, renunciation of citizenship, or a “disappearance of more than 30 days”,<br />
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* May: (Not the calendar month) Optional and discretionary.<br />
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* Member(s) of the Senate: Any person appointed to the Senate under III. [[Lex Popillia senatoria (Nova Roma)|Lex Popillia senatoria]] and any person having the right of ius sententiae dicendae under IV. Lex Popillia senatoria, and any person holding the office of a Nova Roman Tribune. All such persons must also be both a current citizen of Nova Roma and be recorded by the Censors as holding assidui status, by virtue of having paid the annual Nova Roman tax. For the purposes of posting to the “Senate list” during the debate period, a Tribune, who is not also a voting member of the Senate, must first obtain either specific permission for each such post, or a standing right of posting for any time during the debate period. The standing right applies only to that one “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The choice between specific permission and standing right is at the discretion of the “presiding magistrate”. A Tribune who is also a “voting member of the Senate” may post without specific permission or standing right.<br />
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* Must / shall: A mandatory requirement. Failure to perform that specified requirement shall render the act attached to the condition illegal.<br />
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* Official: State of being or existence of an object, office, position or other thing that has specific authorization or recognition within the “legal code” as being a formal part of Nova Roma, or which is specifically referred to within the “legal code” as official, authorized, state sponsored, state maintained or any similar phrase.<br />
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* Official result of the vote: The final and validated result(s) of the calculations to determine whether an item(s) put to the vote during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” passed or failed to pass. No Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum shall be enacted until that final and validated result(s) has been posted to the “Senate list”.<br />
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* Passed: Where after a calculation of result of votes cast, such calculation subject to the type of majority required, an item succeeds.<br />
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* Period of the session: The “debate period” or “voting period”<br />
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* Presiding magistrate: The consul, praetor, tribune or the princeps senatus who intends to issue, or issues, or issued the “call to convene”. This term is only ever used in connection with a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The presiding magistrate that issued the call to convene must also issue the “call to order”, the “call to vote”, the “call to close” and any “call to recess”. The duties, honors, powers, limits and obligations of any member of the Senate who is a “presiding magistrate” shall be limited to only those as specified in this Senatus consultum.<br />
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* Prohibited day: Any day that the [[Decretum Pontificum de Calendario Perpetuo (Nova Roma)|Decretum Pontificum de Calendario Perpetuo]] decrees as dies nefastus publicus or dies fasti publici or ater dies. It is prohibited and illegal for a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” to take place on any such day.<br />
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* Prorogued: The re-appointment of a person in an official position for a term of office which if not specified shall be either the term as set by the “legal code”, or in the absence of such a provision in the “legal code” shall be for a term equal to the length of the expired term he/she held that office for immediately before the act of prorogation.<br />
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* Restricted day: Any day that the Decretum pontificum de calendario perpetuo decrees as: dies nefasti, annotated as (N), or dies endotercisi, annotated as (EN), quando rex comitiavit fas annotated as (QRCF), or quando stercus delatum fas, (QSTDF or QSDF), or is indicated as religiosus is deemed to be dies nefasti for the purpose of a determining if a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” can be conducted on a particular day.<br />
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* Results of the vote: The preliminary result(s) of the calculations to determine whether an item(s) put to the vote during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” passed or failed to pass that have yet to be validated.<br />
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* Rule of session: A temporary rule that shall have accorded to it the full force and legal authority of this Senatus consultum, as though it was specifically enshrined within this Senatus consultum, which is enacted solely for the purpose of resolving an issue that is not specifically covered by this Senatus consultum and where such a rule does not conflict or alter or constrain the application of any part of this Senatus consultum. Such a rule shall only be enacted, and only have force and legal authority, for the duration of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” in which it was created and issued. The princeps senatus shall post the “rule of session” to the “Senate list” and upon posting such a rule shall be enacted. A “rule of session” shall not, where a similar issue arises again, be binding by way of precedent upon the princeps senatus, his/her successor, or a person delegated under the terms of this Senatus consultum to act as princeps senatus, but instead shall be considered advice only. A record must be kept in the file section of the Senate list of all such rules issued, indicating the post number, time and date of enactment, content and the name of the princeps senatus enacting such a rule. Such rules may form the basis of subsequent amendments to this Senatus consultum. The expiration of the full force and legal authority of a “rule of session” due to the close of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” in which it was enacted shall not remove the full force and legal authority that “rule of session” had during that “formal meeting of the Senate in session”.<br />
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* Sanction: A lawful penalty and/or consequence of an act that is unlawful, illegal.<br />
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* Section(s): A section(s) is a part of the Constitution of Nova Roma or any other “legal instrument” that is delineated by the use of combinations of numerals and/or letters as described at XXI.B and XXI.C.<br />
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* Senate list: The electronic meeting place where a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” is held. Currently this is: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SenatusRomanus/<br />
:No other electronic meeting place shall be used for “formal meetings of the Senate in session”, though informal Senate discussion shall be held in such a place. Membership and/or participation in any other place or list, or using any other medium, that is used for informal Senate discussion is discretionary and must not be mandatory for a “member of the Senate”. Informal Senate discussion shall only take place on the Senate list when a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” is not in progress.<br />
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* Senate seal: A condition where all “members of the Senate” and any “other magistrate” are bound by confidentially and shall not report, or discuss, in any way with any other person(s) other than those who are “members of the Senate”, or any “other magistrate” who was present during such discussion, by any medium or means including but not limited to, regular mail, email, posting to lists or message boards, texting, telephone conversations, or in person conversations, the existence, nature and details of the “closed session” agenda item. The “presiding magistrate” invoking the “Senate seal” may specify a time period for which the “Senate seal “is in effect, but in the absence of such the time period is deemed to be in perpetuity or until released from the “Senate seal” conditions by that, or any subsequent, “presiding magistrate”. Such a release must be by means of the “presiding magistrate” releasing the “Senate seal” posting that decision to the “Senate list”. All “members of the Senate” are bound by the invocation of the “Senate seal”, whether they were present for the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” or not when the “Senate seal” was invoked.<br />
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* Senator: Person currently included in the Album senatorum<br />
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* Simple Majority: A “simple majority” is defined as the number of affirmative votes plus the number of negative votes, divided by two, with one added to that result. Abstentions are not counted when determining this number. An equivalent result may be obtained by directly comparing the numbers of affirmative and negative votes, again ignoring abstentions; if the number of affirmative votes exceeds (not merely equals) the number of negative votes, the item has succeeded, and the Senate has voted in favour of the item.<br />
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* Super Majority / special majority: When particular items are required by law to have a “super majority” or “special majority” of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative (yes) and negative (no) votes while ignoring abstentions, multiplying by the fraction required under the “legal code”, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
<br />
:For the purposes of a change to the Constitution of Nova Roma and as required by I.D of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the type of majority required shall be described in this Senatus consultum as a “super majority” or “special majority”. For the purposes of I.D of the Constitution of Nova Roma the fraction required is a majority vote of at least two thirds (2/3rds) of all the “voting members of the Senate” as recorded on the Album senatorum, which can be found here: [[:Category:Senators_(Nova_Roma)]]<br />
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:A calculation of 2/3rds that produces a result that includes less than one senator shall be rounded up to next whole number so for example 10.777 as a calculation of 2/3rds becomes 11.<br />
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* Terms of Service / ToS: The combination of:<br />
**the contents of the general Terms of Service (ToS) of Yahoo! Inc that can be located here: http://info.yahoo.com/legal/us/yahoo/utos/utos-173.html<br />
**and the contents Yahoo! Inc. Groups Guidelines that can be located here: http://groups.yahoo.com/local/guidelines.html<br />
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* Unfavourable: In the context of the auspices, a result that indicates a reason to delay a proposed “formal meeting of the Senate in session”, based on observations made by the person taking the auspices and where such observations are subject to rules of interpretation enacted by the Collegium augurum.<br />
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* Unlawful / illegal: A state of affairs or act in not in accordance with the requirements of the “legal code” and/or contradicting a requirement of the “legal code”, and thus a state of affairs or act not permitted under the “legal code”. A person is not required to comply or obey with the intent or consequences of such a state of affairs or act<br />
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* Voting member(s) of the Senate: Any person appointed to the Senate under III. Lex Popillia senatoria and any person having the right of ius sententiae dicendae under IV.A or IV.C Lex Popillia senatoria, excluding at IV.C Lex Popillia senatoria a Tribune, and any person holding the office of Tribune who is also a person appointed to the Senate under III. Lex Popillia senatoria, or any person holding the office of Tribune who also holds a right to vote in the Senate granted by the Lex Popillia. A Tribune not being a Senator or who does not also hold a right to vote in the Senate granted by the Lex Popillia senatoria cannot vote in the Senate, and shall not be defined as a “voting member of the Senate”, as prohibited from doing so by IV.A Lex Popillia senatoria and/or by this definition of “voting member of the Senate, by right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma. A “voting member of the Senate” shall have the right to post to the “Senate list” without asking prior permission to do so, unless he/she is subject to a lawful sanction, lawfully imposed under any section of this Senatus consultum concerning such sanction(s).<br />
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* Voting period / period of voting: The period of time in a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” during which the “voting members of the Senate” cast their votes. That period must be no less than 48 hours in length and no greater than 96 hours in length. No debate shall take place during this period, except as permitted under VII.G.7.<br />
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* Voting posts: The posts made by “voting members of the Senate” by which mechanism those members register a vote according to the requirements of VII.G on items presented to the vote.<br />
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* Withdrawal / withdrawn: Removing an item from the agenda of a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” and thus removing the right of a “member of the Senate” or “other magistrate” to post further on that item after the time and date of removal, and removing the right of a “voting member of the Senate” to vote on that item.<br />
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==II. INFORMAL SENATE DISCUSSION==<br />
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A. Any member of the Senate may, at his/her discretion, when a formal meeting of the Senate in session is not being held, introduce any topic for discussion by sharing it with the rest of the Senate by means of posting to the Senate list.<br />
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B. No call to convene, call to order, or call to close is required to start or end an informal Senate discussion. A vote may not take place nor any Senatus Consultum or Senatus Consultum Ultimum be enacted during informal Senate discussion.<br />
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C. Members of the Senate remain bound by the requirements of XII.E. Moderation of posting rights shall not occur during informal Senate discussion, unless in the opinion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, that such discussion has resulted in a violation of XII.E, in which case the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, must:<br />
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:1. Post a requirement to the Senate list for the member of the Senate who, in his/her or their opinion, violated XII.E to cease posting. A period of time maybe requested, but not imposed, during which the member of the Senate should desist from posting. At the expiration of such time, which must be no greater than 4 hours, the member of the Senate can post freely without further sanction, provided he/she does not further violate XII.E.<br />
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:2. Should that member of the Senate fail and/or refuse to comply with the direction to cease posting and continue posting in a manner that in the opinion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors has, or is likely to, lead to a breach of XII.E, then that member of the Senate may have his/her posting rights set to a moderated status requiring approval of posts.<br />
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:3. Such moderated status at II.C.2 must last no longer than 24 hours and at the expiration of that period the moderated status must be removed.<br />
<br />
:4. Should the period of moderated status at II.C.2 still be in force after a call to order is posted, then that moderated status must be immediately removed to allow the member of the Senate to participate in the session.<br />
<br />
:5. Moderated status removed as at II.C.4 prior to its expiration will not be re-imposed for the remaining balance of the 24 hours after the call to close is posted, unless the member of the Senate continued, in the opinion of the princeps senatus, to violate XII.E during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
:6. The re-imposition of the remaining balance at II.C.5 is not affected by the removal of any moderated status imposed during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
:7. If a member of the Senate commits numerous violations in separate posts before moderation of posting rights is imposed, the period of moderation shall still be no longer than 24 hours.<br />
<br />
:8. Repeated violations of XII.E resulting in a combined total of 72 hours of moderated status in any five day consecutive period may result, notwithstanding II.C.3 and II.C.7, in moderated status being continuously imposed until the next call to order of the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. An imposition of this continuous moderation is at the discretion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors. At such a call to order the moderated status must be removed. After the call to close, the decision whether to re-impose moderated status is at the discretion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors and may be based on the behaviour / posts of that moderated member of the Senate during the formal meeting of the Senate in session. Removal of continuous moderated status before any set maximum number of hours is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:9. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the first time in any 365 day period must in no cases last longer than a maximum of 720 hours, excluding the total periods of time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session during that first occurrence of continuous moderation.<br />
<br />
:10. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the second time in any 365 day period must in no cases last longer than a maximum of 2160 hours, excluding the total periods of time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session during that first occurrence of continuous moderation.<br />
<br />
:11. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the third time in any 365 day period shall result in continuous moderation with no limit, the removal of which is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:12. If after release from such a third time of moderation at II.C.8, the member of the Senate is subject to a further period of moderation of any length, whether imposed during an informal Senate discussion period or during session, within 6 months since the date of release from the third time of moderation at II.C.8, the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, may impose continuous moderation with no limit during informal Senate discussion periods. Removal of such continuous moderation is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:13. Regardless of the length of moderated status, either set or until removal, this moderated status only applies to informal Senate discussion periods. Any member of the Senate so moderated must be released temporarily from that moderated status for the time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
:14. A member of the Senate subject to moderation imposed during informal Senate discussion periods is still bound by the requirements on members of the Senate during formal meetings of the Senate in session, and no such moderation can exonerate or indemnify him/her from further sanctions that may be imposed on him/her as a result of any violations of behaviour during formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
:15. Hours of moderation imposed during session do not subtract from, or add to, any total of moderated hours a member of the Senate is subject to during informal Senate discussion periods.<br />
<br />
:16. Release from a period of moderation imposed during informal Senate discussion periods, either by the expiration of the period of moderation or by decision of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, does not imply or result in the alteration, suspension or termination of any sanctions imposed as a result of behavioural infractions during formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
D. No person other than a member of the Senate shall participate in informal Senate discussion, nor shall be added to the Senate list during such a period.<br />
<br />
E. During informal Senate discussion a Tribune(s) must not be subject to any requirement to obtain permission from any member of the Senate prior to posting to the Senate list, nor must any other conditions, other than those applicable to all members of the Senate as specified within this Senatus Consultum, be imposed or applied to a Tribune(s).<br />
<br />
F. The rights of reporting at VI.B.1 to VI.B.4 inclusive do not apply to informal Senate discussion periods and such reporting during these periods is forbidden.<br />
<br />
==III. PRESIDING MAGISTRATE==<br />
<br />
A. A consul may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose.<br />
<br />
B. A praetor may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose, but only if both consuls are unavailable.<br />
<br />
C. A Tribune may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session only in order to ask the Senate's advice on any subject that is clearly within the scope of his or her constitutionally mandated concerns.<br />
<br />
:1. The Tribune must clearly state in the call to convene the subject that he/she seeks advice on together with any relevant sections of the legal code that is the subject of advice sought, or which the Tribune will reference in any way during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
:2. Any failure to comply with III.C.1 above shall be deemed to be an automatic termination of the call to convene and deemed contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:3. The Tribune must not deviate from, alter, or add to, the content of the call to convene at any time and any deviation, alteration or addition shall be deemed to be illegal and an automatic termination of the formal meeting of the Senate in session and deemed contempt of the Senate. The only item(s) that the Tribune shall present to the Senate during the voting period is/are that one/those contained within the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:4. In any formal meeting of the Senate in session where a Tribune is the presiding magistrate, no Senatus Consultum Ultimum can be enacted and any such attempt to do so shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate. The only lawfully permitted content of any draft Senatus Consultum put to the vote during such a session is in the form of advice and the content must state: “The advice of the Senate of Nova Roma is as follows”. Such a Senatus Consultum must also state at the end of the advice “This advice is non-binding and is not, and shall not be interpreted as, a direction, order or command of the Senate of Nova Roma.”<br />
<br />
:5. A Tribune who is the presiding magistrate must not recess a formal meeting of the Senate in session, except for the reasons specified at XIII.A.<br />
<br />
:6. A Tribune who is the presiding magistrate must not put to the vote a draft Senatus consultum as at III.C.4 the content of which seeks to interpret, define or offer advice on this Senatus consultum or any part of it thereof. Any such act shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:D. The princeps senatus may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose connected with the procedures of the Senate, conduct of members of the Senate or management of Senate business.<br />
<br />
:E. The presiding magistrate may require, by means of a call for order, a member of the Senate, or other magistrate, to cease his/her posting, but that requirement must only be when such posting:<br />
<br />
::1. Violates XII.E.<br />
<br />
::2. Is not concerned with any item on the agenda currently under debate.<br />
<br />
::3. Causes a disruption in the proceedings of the formal meeting of the Senate in session and/or the business of the Senate, and/or the period of the session.<br />
<br />
:If the member of the Senate, or other magistrate, fails and/or refuses to comply with the direction of the presiding magistrate to cease posting in the call for order, and where such posts continue to violate any or all of the sections III.E.1 to III.E.3 inclusive, then that member of the Senate, or other magistrate, may have his/her posting rights set to a moderated status requiring approval of posts, but only where such continued posting if unchecked, in the opinion of the presiding magistrate and the princeps senatus, would result in extreme disruption to and/or abandonment of, the session. Where a member of the Senate is placed on moderation that shall also be deemed contempt of the Senate. Ratification of such moderated status is required by the means specified at IX.A.2 during the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. Should such ratification not occur within 60 days from the date of suspension, then that moderated status is deemed cancelled and the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the Censors, shall ensure that the member of the Senate subject to such moderated status has his/her membership of the Senate list reinstated. Additionally if any other magistrate fails and/or refuses to comply with the direction of the presiding magistrate in the call for order to cease posting, then that other magistrate may be removed from the Senate list by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:4. Only the presiding magistrate or the princeps senatus may approve a post from a member of the Senate on moderated status.<br />
<br />
:5. Such a post at III.E.4 must not be rejected in lieu of approval, except in cases of a clear and obvious breach of XII.E or such a post deleted after approval. Such a post must be left pending approval.<br />
<br />
:6. Such a post pending approval must be approved and released for publication to the Senate list as soon as is reasonably practicable after the call to close has been posted. The definition of “reasonably practicable” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:7. Such an approval at III.E.6 does not imply approval of the contents and does not indemnify the member of the Senate from any consequences arising from the content. The presiding magistrate or princeps senatus approving such a post are indemnified from any sanction that may be applied under the provisions of this Senatus Consultum if such a post is found to constitute contempt of the Senate, or any other provision that results in a sanction being applied.<br />
<br />
:8. The exception to the approval of such a post at III.E.7 shall be in circumstances where there is a clear and obvious breach of XII.E, in which case the post must be rejected and a post made to the Senate list stating the name of the poster and the fact that the post had been rejected for a breach of XII.E. In justifying such rejection no part of the rejected post shall be quoted verbatim, but may be summarized in a manner that does not breach XII.E. Verbatim reposting shall be a breach of XII.E.<br />
<br />
:9. No indemnification at III.E.8 exists if quoted verbatim or the summary at breaches XII.E, but the member of the Senate on moderated status who originally authored the post shall not himself/herself be subject to a sanction based on either the verbatim quote or the summary. The responsibility in such a case for a breach of XII.E rests solely with the approver of the post.<br />
<br />
F. The presiding magistrate may not delegate or share his role or functions, or part thereof, at any time, but may permit another member of the Senate to introduce an item on the agenda and post his/her opinion on it.<br />
<br />
G. The presiding magistrate must observe the following consecutive sequence of events in the below order during a formal meeting of the Senate in session:<br />
<br />
:1. Call to convene<br />
<br />
:2. Call to order<br />
<br />
:3. Call to vote<br />
<br />
:4. Call to close<br />
<br />
As an exception to the above consecutive sequence, the call to order must also be issued after the expiration of the period of time specified in a call to recess.<br />
<br />
H. A Consul, or if both Consuls are unavailable a Praetor, who is presiding magistrate must ensure that a formal meeting of the Senate in session does not extend into a period when his/her colleague holds the rods:<br />
<br />
:1. Without first obtaining permission from his/her colleague prior to issuing the call to convene,<br />
<br />
:2. Or if the overlap occurs during the session then the presiding magistrate must obtain the permission from his/her colleague fast as is reasonably practicable.<br />
<br />
:3. The definition of “reasonably practicable” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:4. If his/her colleague refuses permission, at III.H.1 or III.H.2 then the presiding magistrate shall either:<br />
<br />
::a. Shorten any period of the session, but not below that permitted as a minimum by this Senatus Consultum, to prevent or correct any such extension, or<br />
<br />
::b. Issue the call to close on no later than the last day he/she holds the rods, provided that last day is one that the Senate is permitted to hold a session on subject to that last day not being one prohibited by XIII.A.<br />
<br />
:5. If the extension occurs as a result of proposing to increase the vote period and the vote period has not commenced, the length of vote period automatically remain as it was prior to the increase.<br />
<br />
:6. If the vote period is already underway when the extension is identified and brought to the attention of the Senate, or is not brought to the attention of the Senate, then the vote period shall continue regardless of the fact that it extends into the period the colleague of the presiding magistrate holds the rods.<br />
<br />
==IV. CONVENING THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. In order to commence a lawful formal meeting of the Senate in session a call to convene must be issued by only one presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
B. A call to order cannot be made until 24 hours have elapsed after the call to convene was issued.<br />
<br />
C. The presiding magistrate may also send the call to convene post to any other list at his/her discretion.<br />
<br />
D. In cases of discrepancy of content between the call to convene post made to the Senate list and one or more call to convene post(s) made to any other list, the call to convene post to the Senate list shall be considered the definitive and only legal call to convene.<br />
<br />
E. An initial agenda must be included in the call to convene detailing the items to be discussed. Substantive details are not required, but may be included by the presiding magistrate, but sufficient detail must be included such that members of the Senate can reasonably be expected to understand the general nature of the topic of each and every agenda item. The definition of “reasonably expected” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
F. The call to convene post must specify the time and date when the Senate will be called to order, the times and dates of the commencement and end of the debate period, and times and dates of the of the commencement and end of the voting period.<br />
<br />
G. The length of the debate period specified for all the items on the agenda, within the call to convene, must be a minimum of 96 hours.<br />
<br />
:1. If there is more than one item on the agenda, none of these items can have any individual times/dates of commencement/end of debate applied to them. Debate on all items on the agenda is to be simultaneous during the debate period.<br />
<br />
:2. The exception to IV.G.1 is a cultus or religio item(s) described at XIII.B, which must be placed first on the agenda. Where there is more than one such items then debate on them must comply with the conditions at IV.G.1.<br />
<br />
:3. Where there are more than one such cultus or religio XIII.B items at IV.G.2, they must be allocated, as a block of items, a minimum of 96 hours of debate, and the end time and date of the debate period on such block of cultus or religio XIII.B items must be specified in the agenda.<br />
<br />
:4. All other civil agenda items must then be allocated, as a block of items, a separate minimum of 96 hours that must follow the items specified at IV.G.2 and debate on such civil items must comply with the conditions at IV.G.1. The end time and date of the debate period on such block of XIII.B civil items must be specified.<br />
<br />
H. A call to convene must be made by only one presiding magistrate, who must not act jointly with any other member(s) of the Senate, whether any such other(s) are defined as a presiding magistrate or not.<br />
<br />
I. If after the call to convene is posted, but before the call to order is issued, the presiding magistrate wishes to cancel that formal meeting of the Senate in session, then he/she must do so by way of a post to the Senate list, with a subject heading “Formal meeting of the Senate in session cancelled”, stating in the body of the post the reason(s) for such cancellation.<br />
<br />
==V. PRESENTING AGENDA ITEMS TO THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. The presiding magistrate must post the call to order to commence the formal meeting of the Senate in session and must present to the Senate one or more matters on the agenda for debate.<br />
<br />
B. The presiding magistrate may introduce items to the agenda other than those listed in the call to convene. These maybe his/her items or he/she may accept items from a member of the Senate or another magistrate.<br />
<br />
C. Any new item(s) to the agenda may be included at any time between when the call to convene is issued and the commencement of the voting period. If its inclusion on the agenda occurs after the call to order, then 96 hours must be allowed for debate on that new item, with that 96 hours commencing from the time and date of its inclusion on the agenda. The debate period will need to be increased after such an inclusion after the call to order, but such increase is subject to the permitted maximum number of hours for debate at VI.A.4.a and if the inclusion of the item would exceed that permitted maximum, then the item shall not be included.<br />
<br />
==VI. DEBATE, REPORTING, PROXY AND CLOSE==<br />
<br />
A. After the call to order, members of the Senate may offer their opinions on any item on the agenda presented by the presiding magistrate in the call to order by means of a post to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:1. The debate shall include members of the Senate and any other magistrate.<br />
<br />
:2. There shall be no limit on the text length of such opinions.<br />
<br />
:3. The presiding magistrate may at his/her discretion extend the period of debate, and may shorten it, but a reduction in the debate period must never reduce the number of hours allotted for debate from the number specified in the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:4. The number of hours allocated by the presiding magistrate to the debate period must always be between a minimum of 96 hours, or the number of hours set in the call to convene whichever is greater, and a maximum of 288 hours.<br />
<br />
::a. Amendments to the debate period at the time of, or after the call to order, shall never result in the debate period exceeding 288 hours.<br />
<br />
::b. The addition of the number of hours of debate at IV.G.3 and the number of hours of debate at IV.G.4 must never exceed the maximum of 288 hours.<br />
<br />
B. In addition to the provisions of the [[Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum]], the Tribunes may, at their discretion collectively or individually, keep the citizens informed as to the progress and content of the debate period. The format for informing the citizens between these periods must be as follows:<br />
<br />
:1. Full verbatim transcripts of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on.<br />
<br />
:2. Partial transcripts of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on, with a summation of the parts of that post not recorded as verbatim transcript.<br />
<br />
:3. A summation of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on.<br />
<br />
:4. Any mix of VI.B.1, VI.B.2) or VI.B.3 above during the formal meeting of the Senate in session that the Tribune is reporting on. Such a mix is at the discretion of the Tribune reporting.<br />
<br />
C. The right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive is a privilege the Senate grants to the Tribunes in addition to those rights under the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum.<br />
<br />
:1. Any departure from, or abuse of, the process at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, including but not limited to, inaccurate or false reporting of verbatim transcripts and/or grossly inaccurate summations may, at the discretion of the Consuls, lead to a revocation of the privileges granted, at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, to the Tribune responsible, for a period of time at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:2. The presiding officer may not alter, suspend or cancel the right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, except under the conditions and terms of this Senatus Consultum.<br />
<br />
D. If an agenda item concerns an item which is the presiding magistrate determines is of a confidential nature, he/she may:<br />
<br />
:1. Declare the Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
:2. Declare that the Senate seal is active and in effect for that item.<br />
:Declaration that the Senate seal is active automatically invokes closed session for that item. Such a determination by the presiding officer to invoke closed session and/or Senate seal requires the consent of the princeps senatus. If the consent of the princeps senatus is not granted, the senate is deemed not to be in closed session and/or Senate seal is not invoked.<br />
<br />
:In respect of reporting the business of the Senate under the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum, or under the right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4, where the Senate seal is active in respect of an agenda item, the Tribunes shall report only “A confidential item was discussed”. Reporting such an agenda item using any other text, by way of description, explanation or other purpose, will constitute contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
E. Debate is only to be conducted by posts to the Senate list. The requirements of IV.G.1 apply throughout the debate period. Each member of the Senate:<br />
<br />
:1. Shall be able to post an opinion on any active agenda item that the presiding magistrate has put to the Senate to debate. Such a right to post shall be for a minimum of 96 hours and a maximum number of hours as defined in the agenda as presented to the Senate during the call to order, or as defined by the most recent amendment by the presiding magistrate to that maximum number of hours for debate.<br />
<br />
:2. Shall not commence, or continue, debate on an item that has been withdrawn by the presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
:3. Shall be assumed to have abrogated his/her right to post an opinion as at VI.E.1 if he/she has failed to post at the expiry of the maximum number of hours for debate. Such a failure shall not be considered a waiver of the right to vote.<br />
<br />
F. Any voting member of the Senate who will be unable to vote during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, may between the time and date of the call to convene the Senate up to the call to vote give his proxy vote to another voting member of the Senate. In order for such a grant of a proxy vote to be considered valid and legal the voting member of the Senate who will be unable to vote must:<br />
<br />
:1. Send a post to the Senate list. This must be at least 24 hours before the time and date of the call to order, such time and date as specified in the call to convene. This post must state the reason he/she is unable to have access to the Senate list at the time and date of the voting stage, such time and date as specified in the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:2. Specify whom his/her proxy is granted to. The person receiving the grant of his/her proxy vote must be a voting member of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:3. Specify any directions on how he/she wishes his/her proxy vote used in respect of the agenda items known at the time of his posting at VI.F.1. This is discretionary and there is no obligation to specify any directions, but if none are specified the voting member of the Senate receiving the grant of the proxy vote is entitled to vote how he/she wishes using the proxy vote. If directions are included they must be followed and any deviation from them will render the vote on the agenda item(s) subject of the deviation invalid, and counted as an abstention.<br />
<br />
:4. The presiding magistrate for the formal meeting of the Senate in session for which a grant of a proxy vote is made has no power to alter, impede, refuse or terminate such a grant in any way.<br />
<br />
:5. If a member of the Senate will be absent and unable to attend any known or future meetings of the due to any reason for a known period of time, he/she may issue a standing grant of a proxy vote to one or more members of the Senate. The process to be followed for such a standing grant to be considered legal is:<br />
<br />
::a. The process at VI.F.1 must be complied with.<br />
<br />
::b. In the post to the Senate list the voting member of the Senate shall grant his/her proxy to either:<br />
<br />
:::i. One voting member of the Senate for the whole period of absence.<br />
<br />
:::ii. Two or more voting members of the Senate for specified time, giving the start and end dates of such a grant.<br />
<br />
:::iii. Two or more voting members of the Senate with no specific start and end dates for the grant to each of them, but by ranking them in order of precedence, numbering them (1) onwards, (1) being the highest in ranking. If there is a formal meeting of the Senate in session during the period of the grant of the proxy, the presiding magistrate for that session shall post to the Senate list requiring all those on the absent voting member of the Senate’s proxy list, to identify themselves as present. He shall then assign the proxy to the highest ranked choice present.<br />
<br />
::c. That absent voting member can specify directions, as at VI.F.3, for any known agenda for a formal meeting of the Senate in session that call to convene the Senate has been issued for prior to the posting of his/her standing proxy grant and which falls within the period of the grant at either VI.F.5.b.i to VI.F.5.b.iii inclusive. Any such directions issued, apply to all recipients of the grant of the proxy and they are bound as under VI.F.3 to follow such directions. Failure to do so shall be dealt with as at VI.F.3.<br />
<br />
::d. If no such call at VI.F.5.iii has been issued then the recipient(s) of the grant of the proxy is entitled to vote how he/she wishes using the proxy vote.<br />
<br />
==VII. VOTING PERIOD==<br />
<br />
A. After the minimum of 96 hours of debate on an agenda has elapsed, that item is eligible to be put to the vote. The call to vote must specify all those items that, having first been subject to the minimum of 96 hours, are to be put to the vote in one vote period during that formal meeting of the Senate in session. Multiple vote periods, whether overlapping or consecutive, are illegal except as allowed for at XVI.P and XVI.Q.<br />
<br />
B. The presiding magistrate may present none, any or all of the items on the initial agenda, or which were added to the agenda subsequently, to a vote. The agenda presented to the Senate cannot be altered once the voting period has commenced. If the vote required for an agenda item to be passed is not calculated on a simple majority, then the presiding magistrate shall indicate the majority required against that specific item contained in the agenda items submitted to the vote.<br />
<br />
C. The presiding magistrate may at his/her discretion extend the period of voting, but may not shorten it, from the period specified in the call to convene. The period of voting may only be extended to a maximum of 96 hours. If the presiding officer issues no post to the Senate list indicating that he/she is extending the voting period, then the length of time of that period shall be the period specified in the call to convene the Senate. Once the voting period has commenced no alteration to its length, either shorter or greater, shall be considered legal and the period shall remain unchanged from that length of the voting period last posted to the Senate prior to the voting period commencing.<br />
<br />
D. Voting shall only be conducted on the Senate list by means of voting members of the Senate posting to the Senate list. The subject line of that post must identify that it is a vote and may include which votingmember of the Senate it is from.<br />
<br />
E. Matters being voted on shall be decided by majority vote unless mandated otherwise.<br />
<br />
F. Should the voting period elapse, any voting member of the Senate that has yet to vote shall be assumed to have abrogated his/her right to vote.<br />
<br />
G. On items that are presented for to the senate during the voting period for approval, a voting member of the Senate may either vote or abstain from voting as follows:<br />
<br />
:1. An AFFIRMATIVE vote is registered by a voting member of the Senate stating in his/her post "YES", "UTI ROGAS", or another clearly synonymous phrase of support in respect of an agenda item.<br />
<br />
:2. A NEGATIVE vote is registered by a voting member of the Senate stating in his/her post "NO", "ANTIQUO", or another clearly synonymous phrase of opposition in respect of an agenda item.<br />
<br />
:3. An ABSTENTION is expressed with a voting member of the Senate’s stating in his/her post "ABSTINEO", "I ABSTAIN" or another clearly synonymous phrase of abstention in respect of an agenda item. Abstentions are not considered to be votes, and are not counted when calculating the number required for a majority. Abstentions do not diminish the number of Senators considered present when determining whether a quorum is achieved.<br />
<br />
:4. VII.G.7.1 to VII.G.7.3 inclusive may include supporting comments to explain the reason why the voting member of the Senate cast his vote in manner he/she did. There shall be no limit on the text length of such comments.<br />
<br />
:5. Except where otherwise stated, a Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum is passed and enacted when the number of affirmative votes (as described above) equals or exceeds the number required for a "simple majority".<br />
<br />
:6. The voting period may begin at sunrise in Rome on the first day of the voting period and may end at sunset in Rome on the last day of the voting period, or may be set to sunrise and sunset in the time zone in which the presiding magistrate is resident.<br />
<br />
:7. During the voting period members of the Senate must not continue discussion on the agenda items put to the vote. In cases of exceptional urgency a member of the Senate may request permission, by private email, and not on the Senate list, from the presiding magistrate to bring a new item to the attention of the Senate. This shall be treated as an item for information and discussion only and must not be included in the items to be voted upon.<br />
<br />
:8. Any agenda item presented to the Senate for the vote must be in one of the following categories:<br />
<br />
::a. Draft Senatus Consultum<br />
<br />
::b. Draft Senatus Consultum Ultimum<br />
<br />
:9. All positions and/or offices that the Senate is authorized by the legal code to appoint persons to must:<br />
<br />
==VIII. RECESS AND CLOSE OF SESSION==<br />
<br />
A. Once the voting period has elapsed the presiding magistrate shall calculate and post to the Senate list no later than 48 hours after the expiration of that period, the results of the vote by referring to the voting posts and calculating the results for each item voted upon.<br />
<br />
B. The Tribunes shall either challenge or validate the result based on their own calculations. They shall select, by whatever means they wish, one of the Tribunes to post to the Senate list no later than 24 hours after the presiding magistrate posts his/her calculations of the results at VIII.A above to the Senate list the challenge or validation of the presiding magistrate’s calculations. Each of the other Tribunes shall post to the Senate list within 24 hours if they disagree with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes, stating the reason for such disagreement. In the absence of any such post from one or more Tribunes disagreeing with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes, such an absence shall be deemed to be approval of that result posted on their behalf.<br />
<br />
C. If the presiding magistrate fails to post within the 48 hours the Tribunes shall select, by whatever means they wish, one of the Tribunes to post to the Senate list within 24 hours of the 48 hour period elapsing, post the results of the vote to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
D. If the presiding magistrate fails to post within the 48 hours the result posted at VIII.C above shall be deemed to be the official result of the vote and shall not subject to challenge by the presiding magistrate. If however one or more of the Tribunes disagree with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes at VIII.C, they must post such a notice of disagreement to the Senate list within 24 hours stating the reason for such disagreement.<br />
<br />
E. Where a disagreement exists between the presiding magistrate and the Tribunes, or between the Tribunes themselves, over the calculation of the vote, it shall be resolved by mutual consent within 24 hours of the challenge being posted, or failing that by the princeps senatus. Such a determination by either manner of resolution shall be considered to be the official result of the vote.<br />
<br />
F. If the Tribunes fail within 24 hours after the presiding magistrate posts his/her calculations of the results at VIII.A above to the Senate list, to cause a challenge or validation as at VIII.B above to be posted, then the princeps senatus shall substitute for them and post such a challenge or validation. Any challenge by the substitute for the Tribunes shall be resolved by mutual consent within 24 hours of the challenge being posted, or failing that the calculation of the substitute for the Tribunes shall be considered the official result of the vote.<br />
<br />
G. If the presiding officer is a Tribune, the princeps senatus, shall substitute for the Tribunes in matters relating to the process of challenging or validating the calculation of the vote posted by the presiding officer and the Tribunes, other than the presiding magistrate, shall be excluded from that process entirely.<br />
<br />
H. If the Tribunes, or their substitute at VIII.F or VIII.G above, validate the post of the presiding magistrate, the result(s) contained within it shall be considered to be the official result of the vote. The official result of the vote must be immediately posted to the Senate list upon validation.<br />
<br />
I. After the official result of the vote is posted, the presiding magistrate must post a call to close within 24 hours of that official result being determined, and if he/she fails to do so then the session immediately that 24 hours period has expired shall automatically be deemed to be closed.<br />
<br />
J. For the purposes of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum the method of conferring with the Senate shall be delegated to the presiding magistrate of the formal meeting of the Senate in session where the item of a confidential nature in question is being/was discussed.<br />
<br />
:1. The decision of the presiding magistrate as to what details of the discussion and/or comments and/or voting should be released to the citizens is deemed to be a decision of the whole Senate.<br />
<br />
:2. Such a decision VIII.J.1 shall be binding on the Tribunes for the purposes of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum, as to what to report to the citizens concerning the item of a confidential nature in question.<br />
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K. The presiding magistrate may issue the call to recess a formal meeting of the Senate in session for a period of time between 24 hours and 144 hours. If after 144 hours have elapsed the presiding magistrate of that recessed session has not called the Senate to order and recommenced the session, then that session is deemed closed. The presiding magistrate may not issue the call to recess during the voting period.<br />
<br />
L. The presiding magistrate may issue the call to close at any time, except during the voting period.<br />
<br />
==IX. CONTEMPT OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. Any member of the Senate or other magistrate who disregards the invocation of closed session conditions and/or disregards the invocation of the Senate seal, such disregard being determined by the princeps senatus, and/or commits an act deemed in this Senatus Consultum to be contempt of the Senate, shall be automatically found in contempt of the Senate. In respect of a matter of contempt of the Senate, the princeps senatus may:<br />
<br />
:1. Resolve the matter informally when the member of the Senate or other magistrate purges his or report that contempt to the Censors for their consideration of any action they deem appropriate.<br />
<br />
:2. Suspend the posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list of a member of Senate found in contempt. Such actions must only be taken by means of a Senatus Consultum voted on by members of the Senate and passed by a simple majority. Such a Senatus consultum must include the commencement and termination dates of such sanctions. “In perpetuity”, “until further order of the Senate” or another clearly synonymous phrase indicating no fixed end date shall not be considered for the purposes of this Senatus consultum a valid end date. Any Senatus consultum passed for this purpose that does not contain a valid end date cannot invoke suspension of posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list. Should the Senatus consultum fail, the suspended posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list of a member of Senate found in contempt must be immediately restored to that member the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the censors.<br />
<br />
:3. In cases of contempt of the Senate where the princeps senatus considers, that notwithstanding IX.A.2 above an immediate suspension of membership of the Senate list is required in order to protect Nova Roma Inc. from imminent and/or severe loss or damage, or the risk of severe loss or damage, and in order to comply with fiduciary responsibility, he/she may remove that member of the Senate from the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:4. Ratification of such an immediate suspension at IX.A.3 is required by the means specified at IX.A.2 above during the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. Should such ratification not occur within 60 days from the date of suspension, then that suspension is deemed cancelled and the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the Censors, shall ensure that the suspended member of the Senate has his/her membership of the Senate list reinstated.<br />
<br />
:5. At any time before the expiration of the 60 days the princeps senatus, may reinstate membership of the Senate list in circumstances where:<br />
<br />
::a. The member of the Senate has fulfilled any conditions that may have been required to be fulfilled prior to reinstatement.<br />
<br />
::b. The member of the Senate is subsequently exonerated of having committed an act(s) that led to the finding that he/she was in contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
::c. The member of the Senate has proactively taken steps to purge his/her contempt of the Senate to the satisfaction of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
B. If the princeps senatus determines that a presiding magistrate has:<br />
<br />
:1. Attempted to invoke closed session or Senate seal for an agenda item where confidentially was clearly not required and/or<br />
<br />
:2. Proceeded to try to invoke closed session or Senate seal without the consent of the princeps senatus then this shall constitute contempt of the Senate and the princeps senatus may:<br />
<br />
:3. Resolve the matter informally when the presiding magistrate has proactively taken steps to purge his/her contempt of the Senate to the satisfaction of the princeps senatus or<br />
<br />
:4. Report that contempt to the censors for their consideration of any action they deem appropriate.<br />
<br />
C. If the princeps senatus commits an act that obviously and clearly violates the prohibitions under III.E, or IX.A or IX.B this shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate and the censors shall:<br />
<br />
:1. Request the consuls, or in their absence the praetors, to issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session. The consuls, or in their absence the praetors, must accede to that request. In the agenda on the call to convene there must only be one item, and that must only be described as “Internal procedural matter”. No supporting or descriptive text can be included. After the call to order of that session the presiding magistrate shall declare that:<br />
<br />
::a. The Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
::b. The Senate seal is active.<br />
<br />
:2. For the purposes of IX.C.1.a and IX.C.1.b the consent of the princeps senatus required under VI.D shall be deemed to have been granted.<br />
<br />
:3. The Censors must then collegiately submit a draft Senatus Consultum to the Senate, where the sole content is “The Senate of Nova Roma removes the position and title of princeps senatus, together with any and all honors, powers, limits and obligations, from “ with the name of the princeps senatus appended after that phrase. The Senatus Consultum must not contain any further text, other than title and date. The Censors must in a separate post(s) to the Senate list detail the facts and substantiate the violation(s).<br />
<br />
:4. After the call to vote is posted, voting members of the Senate shall vote to approve or reject this Senatus Consultum. The vote shall be by way of super majority.<br />
<br />
:5. If the Senatus Consultum is passed the princeps senatus is immediately and automatically dismissed from his position and the Censors shall immediately assume the role collegiately of the princeps senatus until a replacement can be chosen in the manner as described at X.C.<br />
<br />
==X. THE PRINCEPS SENATUS==<br />
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A. The princeps senatus must:<br />
<br />
:1. Be a Senator<br />
<br />
:2. Be a member of the patrician order.<br />
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:3. Be a former consul.<br />
<br />
:4. Be a former censor.<br />
<br />
:5. Hold the longest, continuous and uninterrupted record of membership of the Senate.<br />
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B. The appointment of the princeps senatus must only be by the manner permitted in this Senatus Consultum and shall be for a period of 5 years. At the expiration of that period if the princeps senatus whose period of appointment has just expired is the only member of the Senate meeting the conditions at X.A then he/she shall be automatically prorogued as princeps senatus for a further period of 5 years to the position of princeps senatus, unless he/she indicates an unwillingness to be so prorogued.<br />
<br />
C. If at the expiration of the period of his/her appointment the princeps senatus whose period of appointment has just expired does not meet the conditions at X.A, or he/she has indicated an unwillingness to be prorogued, or the position of princeps senatus has fallen vacant due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, dismissal from the position of princeps senatus, death, resignation or renunciation of citizenship, then the procedure to appoint a new princeps senatus shall be:<br />
<br />
:1. The Censors shall determine from the Album Senatorum if one or more members of the Senate meet the requirements at X.A and compile a list of candidates that do meet them. From that list of one or more candidates the Censors will select the one that is in their collegiate opinion the most suited to the position, taking into account the reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate of each candidate. The Censors shall then appoint that candidate by means of issuing an edict to that effect.<br />
<br />
:2. If no members of the Senate meet the requirements at X.A, the Censors shall examine the Album Senatorum and choose a member of the Senate, taking into account his/her reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate, that in their collegiate opinion most closely fits the requirements at X.A. Notwithstanding the period of 5 years specified at X.B, this appointment shall be for a period of 1 year. The Censors shall then appoint that candidate by means of issuing an edict to that effect. The period of appointment is a new one and is not affected, reduced or increased by any remaining period of appointment of the previous princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:3. If one or more candidates do meet the requirements at X.A, but do not in the opinion of the Censors possess the required reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate to successfully and/or honourably discharge the position of princeps senatus, then the Censors shall at the next formal meeting of the Senate in session, where the presiding magistrate is either a Consul or Praetor, request that the matter of the appointment of the princeps senatus be added to the agenda as an item. The presiding magistrate must:<br />
<br />
::a. Accede to that request.<br />
<br />
::b. Declare the Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
::c. Declare that the Senate seal is active and in effect for that item<br />
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:4. For the purposes of X.C.3.b and X.C.3.c the consent of the princeps senatus required under VI.D shall be deemed to have been granted. The Censors shall then report to the Senate why the candidate(s) who were eligible to be considered for appointment as princeps senatus was/were not selected. The presiding magistrate must:<br />
<br />
::a. Decide from the posted opinions of Senators if the one or more of the candidates passed over for selection has/have sufficient support to warrant the matter being put to the vote.<br />
<br />
::b. Any such vote shall include on the proposed Senatus Consultum for appointment of the princeps senatus, the names of those candidates identified at X.C.3 and the winning candidate shall be the one that receives the most votes by way of simple majority.<br />
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:5. The princeps senatus shall have the following honors, powers, limits and obligations.<br />
<br />
::a. To be the final authority to determine if the procedures of this Senatus Consultum have been violated by any member of the Senate either in the manner of application of, or in the failure to comply with, such procedures, whether through negligence or a deliberate act.<br />
<br />
::b. To be the final authority on what is acceptable conduct to be expected from members of the Senate, both during informal Senate discussion and formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
::c. To be the final authority on determining the meaning of any part of this Senatus Consultum where such meaning is unclear to any member of the Senate, and/or to arbitrate in any dispute between members of the Senate over such meaning.<br />
<br />
::d. To be consulted on any proposed changes to the internal procedures of the Senate.<br />
<br />
::e. To be empowered, due to a period of his/her absence, to delegate his/her functions as princeps senatus to a Senator of his/her choice in order who should match exactly or as close as possible, in his/her opinion, the requirements under X.A, The method of delegation shall be as follows:<br />
<br />
:::i. A post to the Senate list, by the princeps senatus, in which he/she must specify who is to be acting princeps senatus, together with the commencement and the end dates of the acting period.<br />
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:::ii. The details at X.C.5.e.i may be included in the post required under VI.F.1.<br />
<br />
:::iii. The princeps senatus may select different Senators to act at various non-overlapping, but consecutive, date ranges during his/her period of absence.<br />
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:::iv. The princeps senatus may select a Senator(s) to act for him/her that differs from the Senator(s) he selects to receive the grant of his proxy vote.<br />
<br />
::f. To have the authority to enforce any and all provisions of this Senatus Consultum and to create a rule of session.<br />
<br />
::g. If the princeps senatus cannot be contacted either between the call to convene and the call to order during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then the Censors shall appoint a Senator of their choice to act for the princeps senatus during that session only. That Senator should match exactly or as close as possible, in their opinion, the requirements under X.A. Should the princeps senatus subsequently declare himself/herself present before the call to close, the appointment of the acting princeps senatus shall be automatically terminated.<br />
<br />
==XI. QUORUM==<br />
<br />
A. The quorum for the Senate of Nova Roma is only required for formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
B. The quorum is calculated and based on only voting members of the Senate.<br />
<br />
C. The required quorum must be achieved at the time the call to order is posted.<br />
<br />
D. If the quorum is not achieved then the call to order cannot be posted and no formal meeting of the Senate in session can legally be held. Any formal meeting of the Senate in session that is held where the quorum is not achieved is illegal and no Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum passed during such an illegal session shall have any legal force or validity.<br />
<br />
E. A voting member of the Senate is deemed present at the time the call to order is posted if that member has not posted to the Senate list that he/she will be absent, using the process at VI.F.<br />
<br />
F. Once the quorum is established as being present at the time the call to order is posted, no challenges by any member of the Senate to establish if it is present subsequently shall be legal or permitted. Such challenges if made shall be an extreme disruption to a formal meeting of the Senate in session, as defined at III.E.3.<br />
<br />
G. Any member of the Senate present at the time the call to order is posted, by virtue of not having posted his/her absence at VI.F, may state that he/she is leaving the formal meeting of the Senate in session, but for the purposes of the quorum he/she is deemed to still be present during the remainder of the session conducted in his/her absence.<br />
<br />
H. Any calculation of the results of the voting stage shall treat the vote of any member of the Senate leaving after the call order, as defined at XI.G, as an abstention vote as defined at VII.G.3.<br />
<br />
I. The quorum required must be 2/3rds (two thirds) of the total number of voting members of the Senate, where fractions are rounded up to the next nearest whole number. For example if there are 22 voting members of the Senate, 2/3rds is 14.666 recurring. Therefore the quorum would be 15 voting members of the Senate, who would have to present immediately before the call to order.<br />
<br />
J. Those voting members of the Senate who have identified themselves as absent under the process at VI.F will be counted as being present during a formal meeting of the Senate in session that occurs during that period of absence for the purposes of the calculation of the quorum if they have assigned the grant of a proxy vote under the process at VI.F. If they have not assigned a proxy vote then they will be counted as absent.<br />
<br />
K. The presiding magistrate must make the calculation of whether the quorum has been achieved. The call to order must not be made until the calculation is made and the quorum established as being achieved as defined at XI.I. The presiding magistrate must immediately before the call to order post is made follow the steps below in consecutive order:<br />
<br />
:1. Count the number of voting members of the Senate who have identified themselves as absent, under the process at VI.F.<br />
<br />
:2. Calculate the quorum as under XI.I.<br />
<br />
:3. Subtract the number at XI.K.1 from the total number of voting members of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:4. If the result of the subtraction at XI.K.3 is greater than the quorum as at XI.I, then the quorum has been achieved and the call to order may be posted and the formal meeting of the Senate in session can proceed.<br />
<br />
:5. If the result of the subtraction at XI.K.3 is less than the quorum as at XI.I, then the quorum has not been achieved and the call to order must not be posted and the formal meeting of the Senate in session cannot proceed.<br />
<br />
L. Where the quorum is achieved and the call to order made, the presiding magistrate shall include in the call to order post the statement “The quorum is achieved”. The presiding magistrate must also include in the call to order post the calculations made at XI.K.1 to XI.K.3 inclusive.<br />
<br />
M. Where the quorum is not achieved, the presiding magistrate shall post to the Senate list a post with a subject heading “Formal meeting of the Senate in session cancelled”. This post must include, within the body of the post, the statement “The quorum is not achieved”. The presiding magistrate shall also include in the body of the post the calculations made at XI.K.1 to XI.K.3 inclusive.<br />
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==XII. THE SENATE LIST==<br />
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A. The only owners of the Senate list shall be the Censors and the princeps senatus.<br />
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B. The only moderators of the Senate list shall be the Consuls.<br />
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C. The Censors shall not, unless one or both are acting princeps senatus, engage in, except as provided for at II.C, any task involving:<br />
<br />
:1. Restricting or moderating the posting rights of members of the Senate including, including but not limited to, rejection, approval or deletion of posts.<br />
<br />
:2. The removal of a member of the Senate from the list, except in cases where a member has ceased to be a member of the Senate due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, death, resignation from the Senate or renunciation of citizenship.<br />
<br />
:3. Any other role or function connected to a formal meeting of the Senate in session, with the exception of those tasks assigned by this Senatus Consultum.<br />
<br />
D. The Censors shall be responsible for the addition of new members of the Senate to the Senate list and for the granting of moderator status to a Consul at the commencement of his/her term of office and removal of that moderator status at the expiration of his/her term.<br />
<br />
E. All posts are expected to conform to the requirements and restrictions of the Terms of Service by which members of the Senate and any other magistrate are bound by virtue of membership of the Senate list.<br />
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F. The Senate list is an official list of Nova Roma. Ownership or moderator status of the list, as defined by the Yahoo! Inc. roles of owner and moderator, is solely for the purposes of ensuring the continued maintenance of the functions of the Senate as defined by the legal code. The owner and moderator features of the Senate list are restricted to the uses and purposes of such features that are allowed by this Senatus consultum. Any use of such features other than that allowed by this Senatus consultum are forbidden.<br />
<br />
G. Those members of the Senate that are designated owners or moderators of the Senate list renounce any and all rights to treat the Senate list as though it were their own personal property, renounce all rights to and accept that they hold the Senate list in trust for the Senate of Nova Roma. Deletion of the Senate list or any change in the name of the Senate list is forbidden. Acceptance and continued exercise of the roles of owner or moderator is deemed acceptance of this trust.<br />
<br />
H. Any failure on the part of a member of the Senate who is an owner or moderator to abide by XII.F or XII.G shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the [[Lex Salicia poenalis (Nova Roma)|Lex Salicia poenalis]]. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, Lex Salicia poenalis shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in this definition being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence.<br />
<br />
I. Membership of the Senate list is restricted to:<br />
<br />
:1. Members of the Senate<br />
<br />
:2. Other magistrate(s), who shall be granted temporary membership of the Senate list for the formal meeting of the Senate in session to which they have been invited to by the presiding magistrate of that session. After the call to close the princeps senatus or the Censors shall remove that other magistrate from the Senate list.<br />
<br />
J. The following powers must be granted to a Consul as a moderator of the Senate list:<br />
<br />
:1. Approve pending messages<br />
<br />
:2. Invite and add members<br />
<br />
:3. Approve pending members No addition to the above powers may be made at the time of, or subsequent to, the granting of moderator status at the commencement of his/her term of office.<br />
<br />
==XIII. CALENDAR AND RELIGIOUS MATTERS==<br />
<br />
A. If a prohibited day occurs during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then the presiding magistrate must issue the call to recess at any time on the preceding day. The period of the recess must be at least for the full 24-hour duration of the prohibited day.<br />
<br />
B. It is permitted for a formal meeting of the Senate in session to take place on a restricted day, but any matter concerning the cultus and religio must be dealt with in the agenda before any civil matter. It is the responsibility of the presiding magistrate to order the agenda to ensure this occurs.<br />
<br />
C. Before a call to convene can be posted the auspices must have been taken. They must be taken by:<br />
<br />
:1. The presiding magistrate,<br />
<br />
:2. An augur on behalf of, and at the request of the presiding magistrate. A copy of the auspices result of either method at XIII.C.1 or XIII.C.2 must be posted to the Senate list by either the person at XIII.C.1 or the presiding magistrate on whose behalf they were taken at XIII.C.2.<br />
<br />
D. If the result of the auspices at XIII.C is favourable the call to convene may be posted. If the result is unfavourable the call to convene must not be posted and no formal meeting of the Senate in session may occur.<br />
<br />
==XIV. HISTORICAL ITEMS OF RECORD==<br />
<br />
A. The following are automatically deemed to be subject to Senate seal for a duration in perpetuity, or until released from the Senate seal by way of super majority vote and such release is for the purpose of publication outside of the Senate:<br />
<br />
:1. Any post or any file or any item stored on the Senate on a date prior to the enactment of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
:2. Any other content or information stored on or drawn from the Senate list, that relates or concerns any incident or matter of a date prior to the date of the enactment of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
B. Members of the Senate may address such issues at XIV.A.1 or XIV.A.2 after the date of enactment of this Senatus consultum, but such further discussion will not be affected or restricted by XIV.A and, subject to the closed session or Senate seal being specifically applied to such further discussions, the right ofreporting granted at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 extends to and covers such further discussions.<br />
<br />
==XV. PHYSICAL AND OTHER MEETINGS OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. No physical meeting of Senators, or any other meeting of Senators on any medium, other than on the Senate list, shall be a lawful formal meeting of the Senate in session, unless a Senatus Consultum passed by extraordinary majority specifically authorizes such a meeting.<br />
<br />
B. The rules for such a physical or other meeting that is a formal meeting of the Senate in session, such other excluding one held on the Senate list, must be defined and established within that Senatus Consultum at XV.A.<br />
<br />
C. Holding, or attempting to hold, such a physical, or other, formal meeting of the Senate in session, other than on the Senate list and other than by the process at XV.B, is illegal and forbidden and shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
==XVI. JURISDICTION AND AUTHORITY OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. Under the authority of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Senate is authorized to enact rules by Senatus consultum that govern its own internal procedures and a law passed in comitia may not overrule any such Senatus consultum. Therefore under the authority of V.F. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, this Senatus consultum asserts and establishes the primacy and supremacy of its contents, and of this Senatus consultum in its entirety, as the only lawful and permitted legal instrument that shall affect and/or regulate the internal procedures of the Senate, subject only to the Constitution of Nova Roma itself.<br />
<br />
B. In respect of 1.A and 1.C of the [[Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio (Nova Roma)|Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio]], the phrase “within the duties of the magistrate” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate, shall be defined as precluding any act, or attempted act, that involves the exercise, or attempted exercise, of imperium and potestas, including but not limited to the issuance of an edictum, that would supersede, contradict, ignore, negate, or overrule any of the provisions of this Senatus consultum. Any such act, or attempted act, is illegal and forbidden. Such an act, or attempted act, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
C. In respect of 1.A and 1.C of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the phrase “within the duties of the magistrate” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate shall be defined only as those duties, honors, powers, limits and obligations assigned by this Senatus consultum. Any extension, or attempted extension, of the scope of those duties as defined above in excess of those permitted within this Senatus consultum is illegal and forbidden. Such an extension, or attempted extension, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
D. In respect of 2.C of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the phrase “calling to Senate to vote or placing a proposed senatus consultum on the Senate agenda” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate shall be defined only as the processes, conduct and regulation of a formal meeting of the Senate as defined and described within the scope of this Senatus Consultum. It shall not imply or be defined as granting such a presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, any extra authority beyond that scope. Any such grant, or attempted grant, is illegal and forbidden. Such a grant, or attempted grant, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
E. The definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive are under the authority of sections V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, where under I.B no conflict existing between a lesser legal authority and a higher legal authority, and in the absence of such a definition existing, the Senate, through Senatus consultum, is authorized to so define such phrases and for such definitions to have the force of law.<br />
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F. In accordance with 4.B of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive abide by the definitions and limits of imperium and potestas such as are provided within that lex, but as the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio is silent on providing definitions of the phrases as at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive, then this Senatus Consultum is authorized by V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, as described at XVI.E of this Senatus consultum, to so define those phrases.<br />
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G. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence. For the purposes of the internal procedures of the Senate the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D are the only definitions for the purposes of this Senatus consultum that shall be applied to those specified phrases, regardless of any future definitions that are enacted by way of edictum or law passed in comitia.<br />
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H. Any use, or attempted use, of imperium and/or potestas, as defined by and subject to the limitations at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive, by a member of the Senate or other magistrate, to evade, impede, negate or otherwise cancel any sanction(s) imposed upon that member or other magistrate, or upon another member or other magistrate, under the authority and terms of this Senatus consultum shall be illegal and forbidden and deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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I. No section of this Senatus consultum shall be defined or implied to affect, or alter, or define the scope and/or use of imperium and/or potestas, as defined by the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, on matters not pertaining to the Senate and the business of the Senate.<br />
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J. In respect of 2.D and 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the use of the phrase “on all levels on all Nova Roma subjects” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate and the business of the Senate shall be defined as being by right of section V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma subject to, and limited by, the right of the Senate to establish a specific method of interpretation for this Senatus consultum.<br />
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K. The exercise, or attempted exercise, of the right of full iurisdictio under 2.D and 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio that would seek to define, affect, alter, contradict, ignore, negate, overrule, cancel, or other such limiting consequence, the method of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, established within this Senatus consultum, under the authority of XVI.J is illegal and forbidden. Such an exercise, or attempted exercise, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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L. As the right to hold of imperium, as defined under IV.A.2.a, IV.A.3.a and IV.A.4.a of the Constitution of Nova Roma, does not include a definition of the scope and use of imperium, and as the the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio is silent on the definition of the phrases as specified at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive of this Senatus consultum, then the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D, by virtue of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, shall not be defined or interpreted as in conflict with IV.A.2.a, IV.A.3.a and IV.A.4.a of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
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M. In respect of VI.B.1.c and VI.B.2.a.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such decretum so issued that is concerned with, or affects, the internal procedures of the Senate shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, require confirmation by Senatus consultum, passed by way of extraordinary majority, before that decretum can legally be applied to, or affect, the internal procedures of the Senate. Any such decretum not subject to confirmation, or having failed to receive confirmation, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate. Such non-binding advice shall not affect or alter the procedures of the Senate as defined within this Senatus consultum and any act that affects or alters, or attempts to affect or alter, those procedures is illegal and forbidden.<br />
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N. In respect of VI.B.2.b.1 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such definition that the Senate list, or any such place as defined under XV.B of this Senatus consultum, is a templum shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, require confirmation by Senatus consultum, passed by way of extraordinary majority, before that definition can legally be applied to, or affect, the internal procedures of the Senate. Any such definition not subject to confirmation, or having failed to receive confirmation, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate. Such non-binding advice shall not affect or alter the procedures of the Senate as defined within this Senatus consultum and any act that affects or alters, or attempts to affect or alter, those procedures is illegal and forbidden.<br />
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O. In respect of VI.B.2.b.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such declaration of obnuntiatio in respect of a formal meeting of the Senate in session shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, only apply and result in such a meeting being delayed where auspices have been taken according to XII.C.2 of this Senatus consultum. Any declaration of obnuntiatio not based on the taking of auspices, as defined at XIII.C, shall require acceptance of the presiding magistrate before that declaration can legally result in such a meeting being delayed. Any such definition not subject to such acceptance, or having failed to receive such acceptance, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate.<br />
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P. Should the presiding magistrate at XVI.O not accept a declaration of obnuntiatio and proceed with a formal meeting of the Senate, the first agenda item after the call to order that must be discussed is that declaration of obnuntiatio. Regardless of any other requirement or provision of this Senatus consultum, the matter of the obnuntiatio shall be subject to an immediate debate period of only 24 hours in length at the conclusion of which an additional call to vote must be issued.<br />
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Q. Regardless of any other requirement or provision of this Senatus consultum, this additional voting period at XVI.P shall only be 24 hours in length. This additional voting period shall be separate from, and additional to, that voting period specified on the call to convene. A Senatus consultum concerning the matter of the obnuntiatio shall be the only item put to the vote in this additional voting period.<br />
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R. The Senatus consultum at XVI.Q that shall be put to the vote in this additional voting period shall state the text of the declaration of the obnuntiatio, who made the declaration, the time and date it was made, and any other information provided by the person making the declaration, and shall further state the following motion: “As a consequence of this declaration of obnuntiatio the Senate of Nova Roma decrees that the current formal meeting of the Senate in session shall be immediately recessed.” The time and date when the recess ends and the Senate must reconvene should be appended immediately after the above motion.<br />
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S. The presiding magistrate at XVI.P may at his/her discretion not specify any time and date to reconvene and instead substitute “shall be immediately closed” in place of “shall be immediately recessed” in respect of the motion at XVI.R.<br />
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T. At the conclusion of the voting period at XVI.Q the determination of the results shall be by the provisions as specified at section VIII of this Senatus consultum. If the Senatus consultum at XVI.Q is enacted the presiding magistrate shall immediately follow its direction and issue either the call to recess, or the call to close based on the text of the Senatus consultum. If the Senatus consultum at XVI.Q is not enacted then the formal meeting of the Senate shall proceed.<br />
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U. Any such declaration of obnuntiatio subject to such confirmation by means of Senatus consultum as at XVI.Q, where such a Senatus consultum having been put to the vote did not achieve a simple majority, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of compelling a delay of the formal meeting of the Senate.<br />
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V. Any act, or attempted act, that circumvents, supersedes, contradicts, ignores, negates, or overrules all, or any part of, section XVI of this Senatus consultum, or attempts to do so, for the obvious, or likely, purpose of subjugating the Senate to the dictate, direction or control of any member of the Senate, or other magistrate, or official, or citizen through the exercise, or attempted exercise, of imperium and/or potestas and/or iurisdictio and/or intercessio and/or other exercise of an otherwise lawful power or right, or by the exercise, or attempted exercise, of an illegally usurped power or right, where the purpose of such subjugation is itself to alter, limit, reduce or eradicate the right of the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma to govern its own internal procedures, or where the purpose of such subjugation is to enable an appointment of a dictator, or the enactment of a Senatus consultum ultimum, where the process of such an appointment or enactment is not in compliance with this Senatus consultum, then such an act, or attempted act, shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the Lex Salicia poenalis. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
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W. In respect of any act, or attempted act, defined within this Senatus consultum as contempt of the Senate, or as illegal and forbidden, or as laesa patriae and/or treason, then no member of the Senate or other magistrate, or official, or citizen shall be required to comply with any such act, or attempted act. The imposition of any sanction that is applied, or is attempted to be applied, to a member of the Senate, or other magistrate, or official, or citizen as a consequence of a failure to comply with such an act, or attempted act, shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the Lex Salicia poenalis. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
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X. For the purposes of the internal procedures of the Senate the definitions of laesa patriae and/or treason contained within this Senatus consultum are the only definitions that shall be applied, regardless of any future definitions that are enacted by way of any legal instrument. Such definitions are themselves established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, Lex Salicia poenalis shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in this definition being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence.<br />
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==XVII. NOVA ROMA INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS==<br />
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A. A meeting of the Nova Roma Inc. Board of Directors shall be a meeting separate from a formal meeting of the Senate in session and debate and voting shall be restricted to those members of the Senate who are Directors of the corporation.<br />
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B. Such a meeting is not subject to the conditions at XIII.C.<br />
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C. Legal macronational names shall be used throughout, but any use of such names shall be redacted from any report of such a meeting published on the Nova Roman website/wiki and replaced with initials.<br />
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D. An original un-redacted report with full legal macronational names intact shall be stored within the Senate list file section and shall constitute the official record of that meeting.<br />
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E. The procedures of such a meeting will be in accordance with Robert’s Rules of Order. http://robertsrules.org/rror--00.htm<br />
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F. The consent of the princeps senatus is required before a Senatus consultum to authorize a meeting of the Board of Directors can be put to the Senate for a vote. This shall be passed by simple majority and shall contain the specific reason for such a meeting. No meeting maybe held until such a Senatus consultum is passed and enacted. Upon enactment of this Senatus consultum the Board of Directors meeting shall take place immediately after the call to close of the formal meeting of the Senate in session in which the Senatus consultum was passed.<br />
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==XVIII. INTERPRETATION==<br />
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A. If an issue of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, on any matter pertaining to this Senatus consultum, the Senate and/or the business of the Senate, arises during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then by right conferred upon the Senate by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma the following process is established to regulate the use of full iurisdictio under 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio and the general grant of imperium conferred under the Constitution of Nova Roma. This regulation of full iurisdictio, and the general grant of imperium, applies only to the interpretation of this Senatus consultum, and/or to the interpretation of any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or to the business of the Senate. This process shall not be defined or interpreted as affecting the application of full iurisdictio and/or imperium outside of the scope of interpretation in respect of this Senatus consultum and/or any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or the business of the Senate.<br />
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:1. If the presiding magistrate possesses imperium and full iurisdictio, he/she shall consult with the princeps senatus to try to establish a consensual interpretation of the issue at XVIII.A.<br />
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:2. Should consensual interpretation at XVIII.A.1 not be reached within 24 hours of the issue being raised or identified during session, then by virtue of X.C.5.c the interpretation of the princeps senatus shall prevail and have precedence, and shall be adopted as the final and determining interpretation of the issue. The princeps senatus shall post that interpretation to the Senate list in the form of a rule of session.<br />
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:3. No other member of the Senate or other magistrate who possesses imperium and full iurisdictio shall be part of the interpretative process at XVIII.A.1.<br />
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B. If an issue of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, on any matter pertaining to this Senatus consultum, the Senate and/or the business of the Senate, arises during informal Senate discussion, then by right conferred upon the Senate by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma the following process is established to regulate the use of full iurisdictio under 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio and the general grant of imperium conferred under the Constitution of Nova Roma. This regulation of full iurisdictio, and the general grant of imperium, applies only to the interpretation of this Senatus consultum, and/or to the interpretation of any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or to the business of the Senate. This process shall not be defined or interpreted as affecting the application of full iurisdictio and/or imperium outside of the scope of interpretation in respect of this Senatus consultum and/or any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or the business of the Senate.<br />
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:1. The princeps senatus shall resolve the issue by way of reaching an interpretation within 72 hours of the issue being raised or identified and shall post that interpretation to the Senate list.<br />
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:2. The interpretation of the princeps senatus at XVIII.B.1 shall, by virtue of X.C.5.c, be the final interpretation of the issue.<br />
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:4. No other member of the Senate or other magistrate who possesses imperium and full iurisdictio shall be part of the interpretative process at XVIII.B.1<br />
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==XIX. SUPERSEDING, AMENDING OR REPEALING THIS SENATUS CONSULTUM==<br />
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A. Upon enactment of this Senatus Consultum, under the authority of XVI.A the only lawful method of subsequently superseding, amending or repealing this Senatus consultum must be by way of a Senatus Consultum that must achieve an extraordinary majority before it can be enacted. Any other method or attempt shall be illegal and forbidden and shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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B. No other Senatus Consultum shall be enacted where the proposed content of which conflicts, negates, overrides, limits or otherwise affects in a negative manner the contents and/or purposes of all or any part of this Senatus Consultum, whether directly or indirectly other than by the method at specified at XVIII.A.<br />
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==XX. REPEALED AND SUPERSEDED==<br />
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A. The following Senatus Consulta are repealed:<br />
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:1. Rules on defining a Senate Quorum – approved a d XV Sex MMDCCLIV<br />
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:2. Rules on convening the Senate – approved a.d. XVII Kal. Dec. MMDCCLVI<br />
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:3. [[Procedures for Reporting the Senate's Call to Order]] – undated.<br />
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:4. Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLIX – approved a.d. VIII Id. Sex MMDCCLIX<br />
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:5. [[Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate (Nova_Roma)|Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate]] – undated.<br />
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B. The contents of this Senatus Consultum shall by authority of XV.A supersede and override the contents of any other Senatus consulta, or lesser legal authority, enacted prior to this Senatus Consultum which is concerned with, but not limited to, informal Senate discussion, the procedures of the Senate during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, the princeps senatus, management and ownership of the Senate list and matters of internal moderation of members of the Senate.<br />
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==XXI. ANNOTATION AND STYLE==<br />
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A. The use of (s) in this Senatus consultum indicates that the singular occurrence of the word may also be read as the plural of that word. Absence of such (s) shall not necessarily imply that the plural cannot be inferred.<br />
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B. Where not stated otherwise, as at XXI.C, the use of a combination of letters, Roman numerals, Arabic numerals, such as XXX.A.1.a.i, is a reference to a corresponding section of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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C. Similar types of combination at XXI.B can also be used to indicate a corresponding section of either the Constitution of Nova Roma or a named lex.<br />
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D. The use of a descriptive title to describe sections of this Senatus consultum is only to assist in providing a brief general description of the contents in that section. Such a title does not form part of the reference method described at XXI.B.<br />
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E. The use of italics is for ease of reference only and no extra meaning shall be construed from such use.<br />
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F. Any issue arising from a matter of spelling, punctuation, grammar, annotation or style shall be resolved using the process described in XVIII of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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</div></div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Senatus_consultum_de_ratione_senatus_MMDCCLXV_(Nova_Roma)Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLXV (Nova Roma)2014-02-08T22:38:33Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: add header information</p>
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<div>[[Category:Senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|2012 {{#time:m|Jan}} {{padleft:31|2|0}}]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLXV]]<br />
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<div class="scriptum"><br />
Under the authority of section V.F. of the [[Current constitution (Nova Roma)|Constitution of Nova Roma]], the Senatus Consultum de Ratione Senatus MMDCCLXV is hereby enacted to set forth the rules governing the internal procedures of the Senate.<br />
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==I. DEFINITIONS==<br />
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The definitions below shall be the only meaning applicable to their usage in this Senatus consultum. Any requirement(s), limit(s) or other condition(s) specified within a definition shall have the full legal force of this Senatus Consultum attached to it and therefore compliance with such a requirement(s), limit(s) or other condition(s) shall be mandatory. The absence of a definition in this section shall not be construed as any lack of full legal force of the word or phrase in question. Other sections of this Senatus consultum may also provide definitions for words or phrases not included in this section. Issues over meaning of a phrase or word shall be resolved under section XVIII of this Senatus consultum. Inclusion of quotation marks around a word or phrase and its highlighting in bold type in section I of this Senatus consultum is only for ease of reference to indicate that such a word or phrase is included in section I of this Senatus consultum and no additional or lesser legal force shall be construed from that. Exclusion of quotation marks around a word or phrase and any highlighting in bold type in any section of this Senatus consultum shall not construe any additional or lesser legal force arising from that exclusion, nor shall it be construed that such a word or phrase has a different meaning or definition from an identical occurrence of it in section I of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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* Active agenda item: An item on the agenda that has not been withdrawn.<br />
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* Agenda: The list of items that are initially proposed for debate during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” contained within the “call to convene”, and which may subsequently amended according to the terms of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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* Arbitrate: With or without invitation by all, or by any, of the parties to a dispute or disagreement, make an authoritative decision to resolve such a dispute or disagreement, and to have the authority to compel all the parties to accept and/or comply with that result. Such a resolve shall be a final and absolute result not subject to any appeal.<br />
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* Another magistrate / other magistrate: A magistrate, not being a “member of the senate”, who has been specifically permitted by the “presiding magistrate” to address the Senate during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. This definition includes a curule aedile, a plebeian aedile, a quaestor, any other person elected by one of the comitia, a governor of a Nova Roman province, a provincial magistrate of first to fourth rank, a magistrate of an oppidum or municipium and any person appointed by the Senate to their position. This definition does not include a scribe and accensus, who shall not be permitted to join the “Senate list” unless he/she is also, in addition to that position of scribe or accensus already a “member of the Senate”. The invitation to such “another magistrate” is for one “formal meeting of the Senate in session” only. Such a magistrate is bound by all the restrictions in relation to posting, conduct, and confidentiality within this Senatus Consultum. There must be a clearly established and pressing need for such “other magistrate” to have access to the “Senate list” during the session and the “presiding magistrate” shall explain that need in his/her “call to order”. If in the opinion of the princeps senatus there has been a flagrant abuse of this right of invitation with no such need established, or there was no reason for the need stated in the “call to order”, then such behaviour on the part of the “presiding magistrate” shall be deemed to be “contempt of the Senate”. For the purposes of posting to the “Senate list” during the “debate period”, this “other magistrate” must first obtain either specific permission for each such post, or a standing right of posting for any time during the “debate period”. The standing right applies only to that one “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The choice between specific permission and standing right is at the discretion of the “presiding magistrate”.<br />
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* Both consuls are unavailable/unavailable: When both consuls have indicated, by means of individual messages from each Consul posted to the “Senate list”, that they will be unavailable to receive and send messages to the Senate list for a period of time that includes the entire period of time that the “call to convene” post and the “call to order” post is made by a praetor or the princeps senatus.<br />
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* Business of the Senate: The functions, fulfilment of the purposes of and compliance with the lawful duties of the Senate, such functions, purposes and duties being as defined within the “legal code”. Also this includes the management and operation of the “Senate list”.<br />
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* Call for order: A post made by a presiding magistrate for purpose of restoring order to the Senate list, where if in the opinion of the presiding magistrate a post(s) is/are likely to lead to a violation of III.E, either by the member of the Senate or other magistrate posting such or by another member(s) of the Senate or other magistrate, then he/she may issue a post to the Senate list titled “Call for order” in the subject line of that post. He/she may attach such directions in the body of the post as are necessary in his/her opinion to prevent such a violation. Such directions shall not include a stated or implied sanction. The presiding magistrate may issue as many calls for order as he/she deems necessary in relation to any occurrence of such a type of posting, until it is clear that the risk of a violation of III.E has, in his/her opinion, ceased. Should such a call for order not be complied with then it may be deemed to be contempt of the Senate at the discretion of the presiding magistrate.<br />
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* Call to close: A post by the presiding magistrate sent to the “Senate list” stating that the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” has concluded. The presiding magistrate may include comments in the “call to close”. The “call to close” must have no other function than notifying the Senate of the close of session. After the “call to close” is posted no further business of the Senate that requires a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” shall be conducted without the issue of a new “call to convene”.<br />
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* Call to convene: A post by the presiding magistrate sent to the “Senate list” stating his/her intent to “call the Senate to order”. This post is the commencement of the process to initiate a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”.<br />
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* Call to order / called to order / call the Senate to order: A post of the presiding magistrate during the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” indicating that Senate is in session. This shall be issued either at or after the time and date when the session first commences as defined in the “call to convene”, or following the expiration of a recess of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. No “business of the Senate” shall be conducted until the “call to order” has been posted. The most recent periods of time allocated to debate and/or voting shall continue to decrease after the time and date of the “call to order”, as specified in the “call to convene”, or after the expiration of a period of recess in the “call to recess”, whether the “call to order” is posted or not. The “call to order” shall also include the most recent “agenda”.<br />
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* Call to recess: A post by the “presiding magistrate” sent to the “Senate list” stating his/her intent to recess the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” until a time and date as specified in that post. The most recent periods of time allocated to debate and/or voting shall cease to decrease after the “call to recess” is posted and no “business of the Senate” that requires a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” shall be conducted until the expiration of the period of recess and the “call to order” is posted.<br />
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* Call to vote: A post by the presiding magistrate on the “Senate list” that initiates the “voting period”. No “voting posts” shall be posted until the “call to vote” is posted.<br />
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* Closed session: A discussion on an “active agenda” item of a confidential nature that automatically invokes the requirement of the tribunes to confer with the Senate as under the requirements of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the [[Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum]]. This requirement shall exist and survive regardless of any superseding, alteration or repeal of, the above sections of/the entire Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum.<br />
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* Collegiately: A state of affairs where two magistrates have to agree to an act, or to a decision, before that act or decision can be legally held to exist.<br />
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* Debate period / period of debate: The period of time in a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” during which the “agenda” is discussed and which must be no less than 96 hours in length. No voting may occur during this period.<br />
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* Deemed: A state of affairs, or a fact, the existence of which is created by provision of this Senatus consultum. Once deemed to exist by this Senatus consultum then that state of affairs, or fact, shall for the purposes of, and within the context of, this Senatus consultum so exist.<br />
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* Disappearance of more than 30 days: Where a magistrate has failed to communicate with his/her colleague, or in a communication venue, for at least 30 days and where no known statement of future absence with a return date specified has been published by the magistrate in a communication venue prior to the 30 day period.<br />
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* Draft Senatus consultum / draft Senatus consultum ultimum: The final version of a proposed Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum that is put to the vote. If passed and then when enacted, such a draft becomes a “legal instrument”.<br />
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* Enacted: When an agenda item has passed then the Senatus consultum, or Senatus consultum ultimum, that was the subject of that “active agenda item” and that was included in the items put to the vote receives the immediate force of law upon the posting of the “official result of the vote”. Also, the posting of a “rule of session” shall cause it to be enacted.<br />
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* Extraordinary majority: When particular items are required by “law” to have a “extraordinary majority” of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative and negative votes (ignoring abstentions), multiplying by the fraction required under the legal code, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
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:For the purposes of this Senatus consultum any requirement for an “extraordinary majority” shall require a majority vote of at least four fifths (4/5ths) of all the “voting members of the Senate” as recorded on the Album senatorum, which can be found here: [[:Category:Senators_(Nova_Roma)]]<br />
:A calculation of 4/5ths that produces a result that includes less than one senator shall be rounded up to next whole number so for example 11.2 as a calculation of 4/5ths becomes 12.<br />
<br />
* Favourable: In the context of the auspices, a result that indicates no reason to delay a proposed “formal meeting of the Senate in session”, based on observations made by the person taking the auspices and where such observations are subject to rules of interpretation enacted by the Collegium augurum.<br />
<br />
* Final authority: On matters relating to the internal procedures of the Senate as defined by this Senatus consultum and “rules of session”.<br />
<br />
* Forbidden / prohibited: A requirement that, in respect of an act, or attempted act, that is “illegal”, places a lawful compulsion, and a lawful requirement for obedience with that compulsion, on the person committing the act, or attempting to do so, to either immediately cease that act and/or rescind that act and reverse and cancel any consequences that flow from it, or if an attempt then not to undertake such an act.<br />
<br />
* Force of law: To be possessed of the proportionate weight of legal authority granted under the Constitution of Nova Roma to an item that is defined as “law”.<br />
<br />
* Formal meeting of the Senate in session / session: The period of time between the time and date of the “call to convene” and the time and date of the “call to close” of a session of the Senate. This period of time is the only time that the “business of the Senate” can be addressed by way of Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum.<br />
<br />
* Grossly inaccurate: The reported summary of a post being so obviously a complete distortion of the actual contents of the post.<br />
<br />
* Holds the rods / hold the rods: A state of affairs deriving from the right to the fasces and in Nova Roma where a consul (or praetor) exercises the exclusive right in respect of his/her colleague of equal rank, to conduct a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” for a set period of time. The set period of time is monthly though by mutual agreement between the consul (or praetor) who does not “hold the rods” and his/her magisterial colleague who does “hold the rods” this may change. Such a change may see the rods transferred on a single session basis, a session-to-session basis, for an entire month or any other arrangement that is agreeable to both colleagues. The senior consul, or the consul elected with most centuries, or in the case of a tie then the oldest, shall “hold the rods” first in the January of the next year following his/her election. A suffect consul shall “hold the rods” as and when his/her predecessor would have held them had he/she remained in office.<br />
<br />
* Inclusive: Includes all “sections” between the first and last quoted, including the first and last themselves.<br />
<br />
* Law: Those items defined as comprising the “legal code” with the exception of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
* Law passed in comitia: A lex.<br />
<br />
* Lawful / legal: A state of affairs in accordance with the requirements of the “legal code” of Nova Roma and/or not contradicting a requirement of the “legal code”, and thus a state of affairs permitted under the “legal code”.<br />
<br />
* Legal code: The Constitution, leges, decreta, Senatus consultum ultima, Senatus consulta and edicta of Nova Roma Inc.<br />
<br />
* Legal instrument: A formal text that is one of those items defined as comprising the “law”.<br />
<br />
* Macronational: Being of the world outside of Nova Roma, excluding that which is of, from and in Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
* Management of Senate business: The administration of the functions, fulfilment of the purposes of and compliance with the lawful duties of the Senate, such functions, purposes and duties being as defined within the “legal code”. The princeps senatus may avail himself/herself of this definition for the purpose of, and reason for, issuing a “call to convene”, when those other magistrates defined as a “presiding magistrate”, excluding those that are Tribunes due to their having only limited legal scope of purpose in respect of a “call to convene”, are unavailable due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, death, resignation from the Senate, renunciation of citizenship, or a “disappearance of more than 30 days”,<br />
<br />
* May: (Not the calendar month) Optional and discretionary.<br />
<br />
* Member(s) of the Senate: Any person appointed to the Senate under III. [[Lex Popillia senatoria (Nova Roma)|Lex Popillia senatoria]] and any person having the right of ius sententiae dicendae under IV. Lex Popillia senatoria, and any person holding the office of a Nova Roman Tribune. All such persons must also be both a current citizen of Nova Roma and be recorded by the Censors as holding assidui status, by virtue of having paid the annual Nova Roman tax. For the purposes of posting to the “Senate list” during the debate period, a Tribune, who is not also a voting member of the Senate, must first obtain either specific permission for each such post, or a standing right of posting for any time during the debate period. The standing right applies only to that one “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The choice between specific permission and standing right is at the discretion of the “presiding magistrate”. A Tribune who is also a “voting member of the Senate” may post without specific permission or standing right.<br />
<br />
* Must / shall: A mandatory requirement. Failure to perform that specified requirement shall render the act attached to the condition illegal.<br />
<br />
* Official: State of being or existence of an object, office, position or other thing that has specific authorization or recognition within the “legal code” as being a formal part of Nova Roma, or which is specifically referred to within the “legal code” as official, authorized, state sponsored, state maintained or any similar phrase.<br />
<br />
* Official result of the vote: The final and validated result(s) of the calculations to determine whether an item(s) put to the vote during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” passed or failed to pass. No Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum shall be enacted until that final and validated result(s) has been posted to the “Senate list”.<br />
<br />
* Passed: Where after a calculation of result of votes cast, such calculation subject to the type of majority required, an item succeeds.<br />
<br />
* Period of the session: The “debate period” or “voting period”<br />
<br />
* Presiding magistrate: The consul, praetor, tribune or the princeps senatus who intends to issue, or issues, or issued the “call to convene”. This term is only ever used in connection with a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The presiding magistrate that issued the call to convene must also issue the “call to order”, the “call to vote”, the “call to close” and any “call to recess”. The duties, honors, powers, limits and obligations of any member of the Senate who is a “presiding magistrate” shall be limited to only those as specified in this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
* Prohibited day: Any day that the [[Decretum Pontificum de Calendario Perpetuo (Nova Roma)|Decretum Pontificum de Calendario Perpetuo]] decrees as dies nefastus publicus or dies fasti publici or ater dies. It is prohibited and illegal for a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” to take place on any such day.<br />
<br />
* Prorogued: The re-appointment of a person in an official position for a term of office which if not specified shall be either the term as set by the “legal code”, or in the absence of such a provision in the “legal code” shall be for a term equal to the length of the expired term he/she held that office for immediately before the act of prorogation.<br />
<br />
* Restricted day: Any day that the Decretum pontificum de calendario perpetuo decrees as: dies nefasti, annotated as (N), or dies endotercisi, annotated as (EN), quando rex comitiavit fas annotated as (QRCF), or quando stercus delatum fas, (QSTDF or QSDF), or is indicated as religiosus is deemed to be dies nefasti for the purpose of a determining if a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” can be conducted on a particular day.<br />
<br />
* Results of the vote: The preliminary result(s) of the calculations to determine whether an item(s) put to the vote during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” passed or failed to pass that have yet to be validated.<br />
<br />
* Rule of session: A temporary rule that shall have accorded to it the full force and legal authority of this Senatus consultum, as though it was specifically enshrined within this Senatus consultum, which is enacted solely for the purpose of resolving an issue that is not specifically covered by this Senatus consultum and where such a rule does not conflict or alter or constrain the application of any part of this Senatus consultum. Such a rule shall only be enacted, and only have force and legal authority, for the duration of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” in which it was created and issued. The princeps senatus shall post the “rule of session” to the “Senate list” and upon posting such a rule shall be enacted. A “rule of session” shall not, where a similar issue arises again, be binding by way of precedent upon the princeps senatus, his/her successor, or a person delegated under the terms of this Senatus consultum to act as princeps senatus, but instead shall be considered advice only. A record must be kept in the file section of the Senate list of all such rules issued, indicating the post number, time and date of enactment, content and the name of the princeps senatus enacting such a rule. Such rules may form the basis of subsequent amendments to this Senatus consultum. The expiration of the full force and legal authority of a “rule of session” due to the close of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” in which it was enacted shall not remove the full force and legal authority that “rule of session” had during that “formal meeting of the Senate in session”.<br />
<br />
* Sanction: A lawful penalty and/or consequence of an act that is unlawful, illegal.<br />
<br />
* Section(s): A section(s) is a part of the Constitution of Nova Roma or any other “legal instrument” that is delineated by the use of combinations of numerals and/or letters as described at XXI.B and XXI.C.<br />
<br />
* Senate list: The electronic meeting place where a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” is held. Currently this is: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SenatusRomanus/<br />
:No other electronic meeting place shall be used for “formal meetings of the Senate in session”, though informal Senate discussion shall be held in such a place. Membership and/or participation in any other place or list, or using any other medium, that is used for informal Senate discussion is discretionary and must not be mandatory for a “member of the Senate”. Informal Senate discussion shall only take place on the Senate list when a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” is not in progress.<br />
<br />
* Senate seal: A condition where all “members of the Senate” and any “other magistrate” are bound by confidentially and shall not report, or discuss, in any way with any other person(s) other than those who are “members of the Senate”, or any “other magistrate” who was present during such discussion, by any medium or means including but not limited to, regular mail, email, posting to lists or message boards, texting, telephone conversations, or in person conversations, the existence, nature and details of the “closed session” agenda item. The “presiding magistrate” invoking the “Senate seal” may specify a time period for which the “Senate seal “is in effect, but in the absence of such the time period is deemed to be in perpetuity or until released from the “Senate seal” conditions by that, or any subsequent, “presiding magistrate”. Such a release must be by means of the “presiding magistrate” releasing the “Senate seal” posting that decision to the “Senate list”. All “members of the Senate” are bound by the invocation of the “Senate seal”, whether they were present for the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” or not when the “Senate seal” was invoked.<br />
<br />
* Senator: Person currently included in the Album senatorum<br />
<br />
* Simple Majority: A “simple majority” is defined as the number of affirmative votes plus the number of negative votes, divided by two, with one added to that result. Abstentions are not counted when determining this number. An equivalent result may be obtained by directly comparing the numbers of affirmative and negative votes, again ignoring abstentions; if the number of affirmative votes exceeds (not merely equals) the number of negative votes, the item has succeeded, and the Senate has voted in favour of the item.<br />
<br />
* Super Majority / special majority: When particular items are required by law to have a “super majority” or “special majority” of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative (yes) and negative (no) votes while ignoring abstentions, multiplying by the fraction required under the “legal code”, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
<br />
:For the purposes of a change to the Constitution of Nova Roma and as required by I.D of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the type of majority required shall be described in this Senatus consultum as a “super majority” or “special majority”. For the purposes of I.D of the Constitution of Nova Roma the fraction required is a majority vote of at least two thirds (2/3rds) of all the “voting members of the Senate” as recorded on the Album senatorum, which can be found here: [[:Category:Senators_(Nova_Roma)]]<br />
<br />
:A calculation of 2/3rds that produces a result that includes less than one senator shall be rounded up to next whole number so for example 10.777 as a calculation of 2/3rds becomes 11.<br />
<br />
* Terms of Service / ToS: The combination of:<br />
**the contents of the general Terms of Service (ToS) of Yahoo! Inc that can be located here: http://info.yahoo.com/legal/us/yahoo/utos/utos-173.html<br />
**and the contents Yahoo! Inc. Groups Guidelines that can be located here: http://groups.yahoo.com/local/guidelines.html<br />
<br />
* Unfavourable: In the context of the auspices, a result that indicates a reason to delay a proposed “formal meeting of the Senate in session”, based on observations made by the person taking the auspices and where such observations are subject to rules of interpretation enacted by the Collegium augurum.<br />
<br />
* Unlawful / illegal: A state of affairs or act in not in accordance with the requirements of the “legal code” and/or contradicting a requirement of the “legal code”, and thus a state of affairs or act not permitted under the “legal code”. A person is not required to comply or obey with the intent or consequences of such a state of affairs or act<br />
<br />
* Voting member(s) of the Senate: Any person appointed to the Senate under III. Lex Popillia senatoria and any person having the right of ius sententiae dicendae under IV.A or IV.C Lex Popillia senatoria, excluding at IV.C Lex Popillia senatoria a Tribune, and any person holding the office of Tribune who is also a person appointed to the Senate under III. Lex Popillia senatoria, or any person holding the office of Tribune who also holds a right to vote in the Senate granted by the Lex Popillia. A Tribune not being a Senator or who does not also hold a right to vote in the Senate granted by the Lex Popillia senatoria cannot vote in the Senate, and shall not be defined as a “voting member of the Senate”, as prohibited from doing so by IV.A Lex Popillia senatoria and/or by this definition of “voting member of the Senate, by right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma. A “voting member of the Senate” shall have the right to post to the “Senate list” without asking prior permission to do so, unless he/she is subject to a lawful sanction, lawfully imposed under any section of this Senatus consultum concerning such sanction(s).<br />
<br />
* Voting period / period of voting: The period of time in a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” during which the “voting members of the Senate” cast their votes. That period must be no less than 48 hours in length and no greater than 96 hours in length. No debate shall take place during this period, except as permitted under VII.G.7.<br />
<br />
* Voting posts: The posts made by “voting members of the Senate” by which mechanism those members register a vote according to the requirements of VII.G on items presented to the vote.<br />
<br />
* Withdrawal / withdrawn: Removing an item from the agenda of a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” and thus removing the right of a “member of the Senate” or “other magistrate” to post further on that item after the time and date of removal, and removing the right of a “voting member of the Senate” to vote on that item.<br />
<br />
==II. INFORMAL SENATE DISCUSSION==<br />
<br />
A. Any member of the Senate may, at his/her discretion, when a formal meeting of the Senate in session is not being held, introduce any topic for discussion by sharing it with the rest of the Senate by means of posting to the Senate list.<br />
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B. No call to convene, call to order, or call to close is required to start or end an informal Senate discussion. A vote may not take place nor any Senatus Consultum or Senatus Consultum Ultimum be enacted during informal Senate discussion.<br />
<br />
C. Members of the Senate remain bound by the requirements of XII.E. Moderation of posting rights shall not occur during informal Senate discussion, unless in the opinion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, that such discussion has resulted in a violation of XII.E, in which case the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, must:<br />
<br />
:1. Post a requirement to the Senate list for the member of the Senate who, in his/her or their opinion, violated XII.E to cease posting. A period of time maybe requested, but not imposed, during which the member of the Senate should desist from posting. At the expiration of such time, which must be no greater than 4 hours, the member of the Senate can post freely without further sanction, provided he/she does not further violate XII.E.<br />
<br />
:2. Should that member of the Senate fail and/or refuse to comply with the direction to cease posting and continue posting in a manner that in the opinion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors has, or is likely to, lead to a breach of XII.E, then that member of the Senate may have his/her posting rights set to a moderated status requiring approval of posts.<br />
<br />
:3. Such moderated status at II.C.2 must last no longer than 24 hours and at the expiration of that period the moderated status must be removed.<br />
<br />
:4. Should the period of moderated status at II.C.2 still be in force after a call to order is posted, then that moderated status must be immediately removed to allow the member of the Senate to participate in the session.<br />
<br />
:5. Moderated status removed as at II.C.4 prior to its expiration will not be re-imposed for the remaining balance of the 24 hours after the call to close is posted, unless the member of the Senate continued, in the opinion of the princeps senatus, to violate XII.E during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
:6. The re-imposition of the remaining balance at II.C.5 is not affected by the removal of any moderated status imposed during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
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:7. If a member of the Senate commits numerous violations in separate posts before moderation of posting rights is imposed, the period of moderation shall still be no longer than 24 hours.<br />
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:8. Repeated violations of XII.E resulting in a combined total of 72 hours of moderated status in any five day consecutive period may result, notwithstanding II.C.3 and II.C.7, in moderated status being continuously imposed until the next call to order of the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. An imposition of this continuous moderation is at the discretion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors. At such a call to order the moderated status must be removed. After the call to close, the decision whether to re-impose moderated status is at the discretion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors and may be based on the behaviour / posts of that moderated member of the Senate during the formal meeting of the Senate in session. Removal of continuous moderated status before any set maximum number of hours is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:9. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the first time in any 365 day period must in no cases last longer than a maximum of 720 hours, excluding the total periods of time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session during that first occurrence of continuous moderation.<br />
<br />
:10. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the second time in any 365 day period must in no cases last longer than a maximum of 2160 hours, excluding the total periods of time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session during that first occurrence of continuous moderation.<br />
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:11. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the third time in any 365 day period shall result in continuous moderation with no limit, the removal of which is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
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:12. If after release from such a third time of moderation at II.C.8, the member of the Senate is subject to a further period of moderation of any length, whether imposed during an informal Senate discussion period or during session, within 6 months since the date of release from the third time of moderation at II.C.8, the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, may impose continuous moderation with no limit during informal Senate discussion periods. Removal of such continuous moderation is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
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:13. Regardless of the length of moderated status, either set or until removal, this moderated status only applies to informal Senate discussion periods. Any member of the Senate so moderated must be released temporarily from that moderated status for the time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
:14. A member of the Senate subject to moderation imposed during informal Senate discussion periods is still bound by the requirements on members of the Senate during formal meetings of the Senate in session, and no such moderation can exonerate or indemnify him/her from further sanctions that may be imposed on him/her as a result of any violations of behaviour during formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
:15. Hours of moderation imposed during session do not subtract from, or add to, any total of moderated hours a member of the Senate is subject to during informal Senate discussion periods.<br />
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:16. Release from a period of moderation imposed during informal Senate discussion periods, either by the expiration of the period of moderation or by decision of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, does not imply or result in the alteration, suspension or termination of any sanctions imposed as a result of behavioural infractions during formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
D. No person other than a member of the Senate shall participate in informal Senate discussion, nor shall be added to the Senate list during such a period.<br />
<br />
E. During informal Senate discussion a Tribune(s) must not be subject to any requirement to obtain permission from any member of the Senate prior to posting to the Senate list, nor must any other conditions, other than those applicable to all members of the Senate as specified within this Senatus Consultum, be imposed or applied to a Tribune(s).<br />
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F. The rights of reporting at VI.B.1 to VI.B.4 inclusive do not apply to informal Senate discussion periods and such reporting during these periods is forbidden.<br />
<br />
==III. PRESIDING MAGISTRATE==<br />
<br />
A. A consul may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose.<br />
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B. A praetor may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose, but only if both consuls are unavailable.<br />
<br />
C. A Tribune may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session only in order to ask the Senate's advice on any subject that is clearly within the scope of his or her constitutionally mandated concerns.<br />
<br />
:1. The Tribune must clearly state in the call to convene the subject that he/she seeks advice on together with any relevant sections of the legal code that is the subject of advice sought, or which the Tribune will reference in any way during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
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:2. Any failure to comply with III.C.1 above shall be deemed to be an automatic termination of the call to convene and deemed contempt of the Senate.<br />
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:3. The Tribune must not deviate from, alter, or add to, the content of the call to convene at any time and any deviation, alteration or addition shall be deemed to be illegal and an automatic termination of the formal meeting of the Senate in session and deemed contempt of the Senate. The only item(s) that the Tribune shall present to the Senate during the voting period is/are that one/those contained within the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:4. In any formal meeting of the Senate in session where a Tribune is the presiding magistrate, no Senatus Consultum Ultimum can be enacted and any such attempt to do so shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate. The only lawfully permitted content of any draft Senatus Consultum put to the vote during such a session is in the form of advice and the content must state: “The advice of the Senate of Nova Roma is as follows”. Such a Senatus Consultum must also state at the end of the advice “This advice is non-binding and is not, and shall not be interpreted as, a direction, order or command of the Senate of Nova Roma.”<br />
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:5. A Tribune who is the presiding magistrate must not recess a formal meeting of the Senate in session, except for the reasons specified at XIII.A.<br />
<br />
:6. A Tribune who is the presiding magistrate must not put to the vote a draft Senatus consultum as at III.C.4 the content of which seeks to interpret, define or offer advice on this Senatus consultum or any part of it thereof. Any such act shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:D. The princeps senatus may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose connected with the procedures of the Senate, conduct of members of the Senate or management of Senate business.<br />
<br />
:E. The presiding magistrate may require, by means of a call for order, a member of the Senate, or other magistrate, to cease his/her posting, but that requirement must only be when such posting:<br />
<br />
::1. Violates XII.E.<br />
<br />
::2. Is not concerned with any item on the agenda currently under debate.<br />
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::3. Causes a disruption in the proceedings of the formal meeting of the Senate in session and/or the business of the Senate, and/or the period of the session.<br />
<br />
:If the member of the Senate, or other magistrate, fails and/or refuses to comply with the direction of the presiding magistrate to cease posting in the call for order, and where such posts continue to violate any or all of the sections III.E.1 to III.E.3 inclusive, then that member of the Senate, or other magistrate, may have his/her posting rights set to a moderated status requiring approval of posts, but only where such continued posting if unchecked, in the opinion of the presiding magistrate and the princeps senatus, would result in extreme disruption to and/or abandonment of, the session. Where a member of the Senate is placed on moderation that shall also be deemed contempt of the Senate. Ratification of such moderated status is required by the means specified at IX.A.2 during the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. Should such ratification not occur within 60 days from the date of suspension, then that moderated status is deemed cancelled and the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the Censors, shall ensure that the member of the Senate subject to such moderated status has his/her membership of the Senate list reinstated. Additionally if any other magistrate fails and/or refuses to comply with the direction of the presiding magistrate in the call for order to cease posting, then that other magistrate may be removed from the Senate list by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:4. Only the presiding magistrate or the princeps senatus may approve a post from a member of the Senate on moderated status.<br />
<br />
:5. Such a post at III.E.4 must not be rejected in lieu of approval, except in cases of a clear and obvious breach of XII.E or such a post deleted after approval. Such a post must be left pending approval.<br />
<br />
:6. Such a post pending approval must be approved and released for publication to the Senate list as soon as is reasonably practicable after the call to close has been posted. The definition of “reasonably practicable” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:7. Such an approval at III.E.6 does not imply approval of the contents and does not indemnify the member of the Senate from any consequences arising from the content. The presiding magistrate or princeps senatus approving such a post are indemnified from any sanction that may be applied under the provisions of this Senatus Consultum if such a post is found to constitute contempt of the Senate, or any other provision that results in a sanction being applied.<br />
<br />
:8. The exception to the approval of such a post at III.E.7 shall be in circumstances where there is a clear and obvious breach of XII.E, in which case the post must be rejected and a post made to the Senate list stating the name of the poster and the fact that the post had been rejected for a breach of XII.E. In justifying such rejection no part of the rejected post shall be quoted verbatim, but may be summarized in a manner that does not breach XII.E. Verbatim reposting shall be a breach of XII.E.<br />
<br />
:9. No indemnification at III.E.8 exists if quoted verbatim or the summary at breaches XII.E, but the member of the Senate on moderated status who originally authored the post shall not himself/herself be subject to a sanction based on either the verbatim quote or the summary. The responsibility in such a case for a breach of XII.E rests solely with the approver of the post.<br />
<br />
F. The presiding magistrate may not delegate or share his role or functions, or part thereof, at any time, but may permit another member of the Senate to introduce an item on the agenda and post his/her opinion on it.<br />
<br />
G. The presiding magistrate must observe the following consecutive sequence of events in the below order during a formal meeting of the Senate in session:<br />
<br />
:1. Call to convene<br />
<br />
:2. Call to order<br />
<br />
:3. Call to vote<br />
<br />
:4. Call to close<br />
<br />
As an exception to the above consecutive sequence, the call to order must also be issued after the expiration of the period of time specified in a call to recess.<br />
<br />
H. A Consul, or if both Consuls are unavailable a Praetor, who is presiding magistrate must ensure that a formal meeting of the Senate in session does not extend into a period when his/her colleague holds the rods:<br />
<br />
:1. Without first obtaining permission from his/her colleague prior to issuing the call to convene,<br />
<br />
:2. Or if the overlap occurs during the session then the presiding magistrate must obtain the permission from his/her colleague fast as is reasonably practicable.<br />
<br />
:3. The definition of “reasonably practicable” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:4. If his/her colleague refuses permission, at III.H.1 or III.H.2 then the presiding magistrate shall either:<br />
<br />
::a. Shorten any period of the session, but not below that permitted as a minimum by this Senatus Consultum, to prevent or correct any such extension, or<br />
<br />
::b. Issue the call to close on no later than the last day he/she holds the rods, provided that last day is one that the Senate is permitted to hold a session on subject to that last day not being one prohibited by XIII.A.<br />
<br />
:5. If the extension occurs as a result of proposing to increase the vote period and the vote period has not commenced, the length of vote period automatically remain as it was prior to the increase.<br />
<br />
:6. If the vote period is already underway when the extension is identified and brought to the attention of the Senate, or is not brought to the attention of the Senate, then the vote period shall continue regardless of the fact that it extends into the period the colleague of the presiding magistrate holds the rods.<br />
<br />
==IV. CONVENING THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. In order to commence a lawful formal meeting of the Senate in session a call to convene must be issued by only one presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
B. A call to order cannot be made until 24 hours have elapsed after the call to convene was issued.<br />
<br />
C. The presiding magistrate may also send the call to convene post to any other list at his/her discretion.<br />
<br />
D. In cases of discrepancy of content between the call to convene post made to the Senate list and one or more call to convene post(s) made to any other list, the call to convene post to the Senate list shall be considered the definitive and only legal call to convene.<br />
<br />
E. An initial agenda must be included in the call to convene detailing the items to be discussed. Substantive details are not required, but may be included by the presiding magistrate, but sufficient detail must be included such that members of the Senate can reasonably be expected to understand the general nature of the topic of each and every agenda item. The definition of “reasonably expected” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
F. The call to convene post must specify the time and date when the Senate will be called to order, the times and dates of the commencement and end of the debate period, and times and dates of the of the commencement and end of the voting period.<br />
<br />
G. The length of the debate period specified for all the items on the agenda, within the call to convene, must be a minimum of 96 hours.<br />
<br />
:1. If there is more than one item on the agenda, none of these items can have any individual times/dates of commencement/end of debate applied to them. Debate on all items on the agenda is to be simultaneous during the debate period.<br />
<br />
:2. The exception to IV.G.1 is a cultus or religio item(s) described at XIII.B, which must be placed first on the agenda. Where there is more than one such items then debate on them must comply with the conditions at IV.G.1.<br />
<br />
:3. Where there are more than one such cultus or religio XIII.B items at IV.G.2, they must be allocated, as a block of items, a minimum of 96 hours of debate, and the end time and date of the debate period on such block of cultus or religio XIII.B items must be specified in the agenda.<br />
<br />
:4. All other civil agenda items must then be allocated, as a block of items, a separate minimum of 96 hours that must follow the items specified at IV.G.2 and debate on such civil items must comply with the conditions at IV.G.1. The end time and date of the debate period on such block of XIII.B civil items must be specified.<br />
<br />
H. A call to convene must be made by only one presiding magistrate, who must not act jointly with any other member(s) of the Senate, whether any such other(s) are defined as a presiding magistrate or not.<br />
<br />
I. If after the call to convene is posted, but before the call to order is issued, the presiding magistrate wishes to cancel that formal meeting of the Senate in session, then he/she must do so by way of a post to the Senate list, with a subject heading “Formal meeting of the Senate in session cancelled”, stating in the body of the post the reason(s) for such cancellation.<br />
<br />
==V. PRESENTING AGENDA ITEMS TO THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. The presiding magistrate must post the call to order to commence the formal meeting of the Senate in session and must present to the Senate one or more matters on the agenda for debate.<br />
<br />
B. The presiding magistrate may introduce items to the agenda other than those listed in the call to convene. These maybe his/her items or he/she may accept items from a member of the Senate or another magistrate.<br />
<br />
C. Any new item(s) to the agenda may be included at any time between when the call to convene is issued and the commencement of the voting period. If its inclusion on the agenda occurs after the call to order, then 96 hours must be allowed for debate on that new item, with that 96 hours commencing from the time and date of its inclusion on the agenda. The debate period will need to be increased after such an inclusion after the call to order, but such increase is subject to the permitted maximum number of hours for debate at VI.A.4.a and if the inclusion of the item would exceed that permitted maximum, then the item shall not be included.<br />
<br />
==VI. DEBATE, REPORTING, PROXY AND CLOSE==<br />
<br />
A. After the call to order, members of the Senate may offer their opinions on any item on the agenda presented by the presiding magistrate in the call to order by means of a post to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:1. The debate shall include members of the Senate and any other magistrate.<br />
<br />
:2. There shall be no limit on the text length of such opinions.<br />
<br />
:3. The presiding magistrate may at his/her discretion extend the period of debate, and may shorten it, but a reduction in the debate period must never reduce the number of hours allotted for debate from the number specified in the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:4. The number of hours allocated by the presiding magistrate to the debate period must always be between a minimum of 96 hours, or the number of hours set in the call to convene whichever is greater, and a maximum of 288 hours.<br />
<br />
::a. Amendments to the debate period at the time of, or after the call to order, shall never result in the debate period exceeding 288 hours.<br />
<br />
::b. The addition of the number of hours of debate at IV.G.3 and the number of hours of debate at IV.G.4 must never exceed the maximum of 288 hours.<br />
<br />
B. In addition to the provisions of the [[Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum]], the Tribunes may, at their discretion collectively or individually, keep the citizens informed as to the progress and content of the debate period. The format for informing the citizens between these periods must be as follows:<br />
<br />
:1. Full verbatim transcripts of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on.<br />
<br />
:2. Partial transcripts of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on, with a summation of the parts of that post not recorded as verbatim transcript.<br />
<br />
:3. A summation of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on.<br />
<br />
:4. Any mix of VI.B.1, VI.B.2) or VI.B.3 above during the formal meeting of the Senate in session that the Tribune is reporting on. Such a mix is at the discretion of the Tribune reporting.<br />
<br />
C. The right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive is a privilege the Senate grants to the Tribunes in addition to those rights under the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum.<br />
<br />
:1. Any departure from, or abuse of, the process at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, including but not limited to, inaccurate or false reporting of verbatim transcripts and/or grossly inaccurate summations may, at the discretion of the Consuls, lead to a revocation of the privileges granted, at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, to the Tribune responsible, for a period of time at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:2. The presiding officer may not alter, suspend or cancel the right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, except under the conditions and terms of this Senatus Consultum.<br />
<br />
D. If an agenda item concerns an item which is the presiding magistrate determines is of a confidential nature, he/she may:<br />
<br />
:1. Declare the Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
:2. Declare that the Senate seal is active and in effect for that item.<br />
:Declaration that the Senate seal is active automatically invokes closed session for that item. Such a determination by the presiding officer to invoke closed session and/or Senate seal requires the consent of the princeps senatus. If the consent of the princeps senatus is not granted, the senate is deemed not to be in closed session and/or Senate seal is not invoked.<br />
<br />
:In respect of reporting the business of the Senate under the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum, or under the right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4, where the Senate seal is active in respect of an agenda item, the Tribunes shall report only “A confidential item was discussed”. Reporting such an agenda item using any other text, by way of description, explanation or other purpose, will constitute contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
E. Debate is only to be conducted by posts to the Senate list. The requirements of IV.G.1 apply throughout the debate period. Each member of the Senate:<br />
<br />
:1. Shall be able to post an opinion on any active agenda item that the presiding magistrate has put to the Senate to debate. Such a right to post shall be for a minimum of 96 hours and a maximum number of hours as defined in the agenda as presented to the Senate during the call to order, or as defined by the most recent amendment by the presiding magistrate to that maximum number of hours for debate.<br />
<br />
:2. Shall not commence, or continue, debate on an item that has been withdrawn by the presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
:3. Shall be assumed to have abrogated his/her right to post an opinion as at VI.E.1 if he/she has failed to post at the expiry of the maximum number of hours for debate. Such a failure shall not be considered a waiver of the right to vote.<br />
<br />
F. Any voting member of the Senate who will be unable to vote during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, may between the time and date of the call to convene the Senate up to the call to vote give his proxy vote to another voting member of the Senate. In order for such a grant of a proxy vote to be considered valid and legal the voting member of the Senate who will be unable to vote must:<br />
<br />
:1. Send a post to the Senate list. This must be at least 24 hours before the time and date of the call to order, such time and date as specified in the call to convene. This post must state the reason he/she is unable to have access to the Senate list at the time and date of the voting stage, such time and date as specified in the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:2. Specify whom his/her proxy is granted to. The person receiving the grant of his/her proxy vote must be a voting member of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:3. Specify any directions on how he/she wishes his/her proxy vote used in respect of the agenda items known at the time of his posting at VI.F.1. This is discretionary and there is no obligation to specify any directions, but if none are specified the voting member of the Senate receiving the grant of the proxy vote is entitled to vote how he/she wishes using the proxy vote. If directions are included they must be followed and any deviation from them will render the vote on the agenda item(s) subject of the deviation invalid, and counted as an abstention.<br />
<br />
:4. The presiding magistrate for the formal meeting of the Senate in session for which a grant of a proxy vote is made has no power to alter, impede, refuse or terminate such a grant in any way.<br />
<br />
:5. If a member of the Senate will be absent and unable to attend any known or future meetings of the due to any reason for a known period of time, he/she may issue a standing grant of a proxy vote to one or more members of the Senate. The process to be followed for such a standing grant to be considered legal is:<br />
<br />
::a. The process at VI.F.1 must be complied with.<br />
<br />
::b. In the post to the Senate list the voting member of the Senate shall grant his/her proxy to either:<br />
<br />
:::i. One voting member of the Senate for the whole period of absence.<br />
<br />
:::ii. Two or more voting members of the Senate for specified time, giving the start and end dates of such a grant.<br />
<br />
:::iii. Two or more voting members of the Senate with no specific start and end dates for the grant to each of them, but by ranking them in order of precedence, numbering them (1) onwards, (1) being the highest in ranking. If there is a formal meeting of the Senate in session during the period of the grant of the proxy, the presiding magistrate for that session shall post to the Senate list requiring all those on the absent voting member of the Senate’s proxy list, to identify themselves as present. He shall then assign the proxy to the highest ranked choice present.<br />
<br />
::c. That absent voting member can specify directions, as at VI.F.3, for any known agenda for a formal meeting of the Senate in session that call to convene the Senate has been issued for prior to the posting of his/her standing proxy grant and which falls within the period of the grant at either VI.F.5.b.i to VI.F.5.b.iii inclusive. Any such directions issued, apply to all recipients of the grant of the proxy and they are bound as under VI.F.3 to follow such directions. Failure to do so shall be dealt with as at VI.F.3.<br />
<br />
::d. If no such call at VI.F.5.iii has been issued then the recipient(s) of the grant of the proxy is entitled to vote how he/she wishes using the proxy vote.<br />
<br />
==VII. VOTING PERIOD==<br />
<br />
A. After the minimum of 96 hours of debate on an agenda has elapsed, that item is eligible to be put to the vote. The call to vote must specify all those items that, having first been subject to the minimum of 96 hours, are to be put to the vote in one vote period during that formal meeting of the Senate in session. Multiple vote periods, whether overlapping or consecutive, are illegal except as allowed for at XVI.P and XVI.Q.<br />
<br />
B. The presiding magistrate may present none, any or all of the items on the initial agenda, or which were added to the agenda subsequently, to a vote. The agenda presented to the Senate cannot be altered once the voting period has commenced. If the vote required for an agenda item to be passed is not calculated on a simple majority, then the presiding magistrate shall indicate the majority required against that specific item contained in the agenda items submitted to the vote.<br />
<br />
C. The presiding magistrate may at his/her discretion extend the period of voting, but may not shorten it, from the period specified in the call to convene. The period of voting may only be extended to a maximum of 96 hours. If the presiding officer issues no post to the Senate list indicating that he/she is extending the voting period, then the length of time of that period shall be the period specified in the call to convene the Senate. Once the voting period has commenced no alteration to its length, either shorter or greater, shall be considered legal and the period shall remain unchanged from that length of the voting period last posted to the Senate prior to the voting period commencing.<br />
<br />
D. Voting shall only be conducted on the Senate list by means of voting members of the Senate posting to the Senate list. The subject line of that post must identify that it is a vote and may include which votingmember of the Senate it is from.<br />
<br />
E. Matters being voted on shall be decided by majority vote unless mandated otherwise.<br />
<br />
F. Should the voting period elapse, any voting member of the Senate that has yet to vote shall be assumed to have abrogated his/her right to vote.<br />
<br />
G. On items that are presented for to the senate during the voting period for approval, a voting member of the Senate may either vote or abstain from voting as follows:<br />
<br />
:1. An AFFIRMATIVE vote is registered by a voting member of the Senate stating in his/her post "YES", "UTI ROGAS", or another clearly synonymous phrase of support in respect of an agenda item.<br />
<br />
:2. A NEGATIVE vote is registered by a voting member of the Senate stating in his/her post "NO", "ANTIQUO", or another clearly synonymous phrase of opposition in respect of an agenda item.<br />
<br />
:3. An ABSTENTION is expressed with a voting member of the Senate’s stating in his/her post "ABSTINEO", "I ABSTAIN" or another clearly synonymous phrase of abstention in respect of an agenda item. Abstentions are not considered to be votes, and are not counted when calculating the number required for a majority. Abstentions do not diminish the number of Senators considered present when determining whether a quorum is achieved.<br />
<br />
:4. VII.G.7.1 to VII.G.7.3 inclusive may include supporting comments to explain the reason why the voting member of the Senate cast his vote in manner he/she did. There shall be no limit on the text length of such comments.<br />
<br />
:5. Except where otherwise stated, a Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum is passed and enacted when the number of affirmative votes (as described above) equals or exceeds the number required for a "simple majority".<br />
<br />
:6. The voting period may begin at sunrise in Rome on the first day of the voting period and may end at sunset in Rome on the last day of the voting period, or may be set to sunrise and sunset in the time zone in which the presiding magistrate is resident.<br />
<br />
:7. During the voting period members of the Senate must not continue discussion on the agenda items put to the vote. In cases of exceptional urgency a member of the Senate may request permission, by private email, and not on the Senate list, from the presiding magistrate to bring a new item to the attention of the Senate. This shall be treated as an item for information and discussion only and must not be included in the items to be voted upon.<br />
<br />
:8. Any agenda item presented to the Senate for the vote must be in one of the following categories:<br />
<br />
::a. Draft Senatus Consultum<br />
<br />
::b. Draft Senatus Consultum Ultimum<br />
<br />
:9. All positions and/or offices that the Senate is authorized by the legal code to appoint persons to must:<br />
<br />
==VIII. RECESS AND CLOSE OF SESSION==<br />
<br />
A. Once the voting period has elapsed the presiding magistrate shall calculate and post to the Senate list no later than 48 hours after the expiration of that period, the results of the vote by referring to the voting posts and calculating the results for each item voted upon.<br />
<br />
B. The Tribunes shall either challenge or validate the result based on their own calculations. They shall select, by whatever means they wish, one of the Tribunes to post to the Senate list no later than 24 hours after the presiding magistrate posts his/her calculations of the results at VIII.A above to the Senate list the challenge or validation of the presiding magistrate’s calculations. Each of the other Tribunes shall post to the Senate list within 24 hours if they disagree with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes, stating the reason for such disagreement. In the absence of any such post from one or more Tribunes disagreeing with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes, such an absence shall be deemed to be approval of that result posted on their behalf.<br />
<br />
C. If the presiding magistrate fails to post within the 48 hours the Tribunes shall select, by whatever means they wish, one of the Tribunes to post to the Senate list within 24 hours of the 48 hour period elapsing, post the results of the vote to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
D. If the presiding magistrate fails to post within the 48 hours the result posted at VIII.C above shall be deemed to be the official result of the vote and shall not subject to challenge by the presiding magistrate. If however one or more of the Tribunes disagree with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes at VIII.C, they must post such a notice of disagreement to the Senate list within 24 hours stating the reason for such disagreement.<br />
<br />
E. Where a disagreement exists between the presiding magistrate and the Tribunes, or between the Tribunes themselves, over the calculation of the vote, it shall be resolved by mutual consent within 24 hours of the challenge being posted, or failing that by the princeps senatus. Such a determination by either manner of resolution shall be considered to be the official result of the vote.<br />
<br />
F. If the Tribunes fail within 24 hours after the presiding magistrate posts his/her calculations of the results at VIII.A above to the Senate list, to cause a challenge or validation as at VIII.B above to be posted, then the princeps senatus shall substitute for them and post such a challenge or validation. Any challenge by the substitute for the Tribunes shall be resolved by mutual consent within 24 hours of the challenge being posted, or failing that the calculation of the substitute for the Tribunes shall be considered the official result of the vote.<br />
<br />
G. If the presiding officer is a Tribune, the princeps senatus, shall substitute for the Tribunes in matters relating to the process of challenging or validating the calculation of the vote posted by the presiding officer and the Tribunes, other than the presiding magistrate, shall be excluded from that process entirely.<br />
<br />
H. If the Tribunes, or their substitute at VIII.F or VIII.G above, validate the post of the presiding magistrate, the result(s) contained within it shall be considered to be the official result of the vote. The official result of the vote must be immediately posted to the Senate list upon validation.<br />
<br />
I. After the official result of the vote is posted, the presiding magistrate must post a call to close within 24 hours of that official result being determined, and if he/she fails to do so then the session immediately that 24 hours period has expired shall automatically be deemed to be closed.<br />
<br />
J. For the purposes of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum the method of conferring with the Senate shall be delegated to the presiding magistrate of the formal meeting of the Senate in session where the item of a confidential nature in question is being/was discussed.<br />
<br />
:1. The decision of the presiding magistrate as to what details of the discussion and/or comments and/or voting should be released to the citizens is deemed to be a decision of the whole Senate.<br />
<br />
:2. Such a decision VIII.J.1 shall be binding on the Tribunes for the purposes of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum, as to what to report to the citizens concerning the item of a confidential nature in question.<br />
<br />
K. The presiding magistrate may issue the call to recess a formal meeting of the Senate in session for a period of time between 24 hours and 144 hours. If after 144 hours have elapsed the presiding magistrate of that recessed session has not called the Senate to order and recommenced the session, then that session is deemed closed. The presiding magistrate may not issue the call to recess during the voting period.<br />
<br />
L. The presiding magistrate may issue the call to close at any time, except during the voting period.<br />
<br />
==IX. CONTEMPT OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. Any member of the Senate or other magistrate who disregards the invocation of closed session conditions and/or disregards the invocation of the Senate seal, such disregard being determined by the princeps senatus, and/or commits an act deemed in this Senatus Consultum to be contempt of the Senate, shall be automatically found in contempt of the Senate. In respect of a matter of contempt of the Senate, the princeps senatus may:<br />
<br />
:1. Resolve the matter informally when the member of the Senate or other magistrate purges his or report that contempt to the Censors for their consideration of any action they deem appropriate.<br />
<br />
:2. Suspend the posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list of a member of Senate found in contempt. Such actions must only be taken by means of a Senatus Consultum voted on by members of the Senate and passed by a simple majority. Such a Senatus consultum must include the commencement and termination dates of such sanctions. “In perpetuity”, “until further order of the Senate” or another clearly synonymous phrase indicating no fixed end date shall not be considered for the purposes of this Senatus consultum a valid end date. Any Senatus consultum passed for this purpose that does not contain a valid end date cannot invoke suspension of posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list. Should the Senatus consultum fail, the suspended posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list of a member of Senate found in contempt must be immediately restored to that member the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the censors.<br />
<br />
:3. In cases of contempt of the Senate where the princeps senatus considers, that notwithstanding IX.A.2 above an immediate suspension of membership of the Senate list is required in order to protect Nova Roma Inc. from imminent and/or severe loss or damage, or the risk of severe loss or damage, and in order to comply with fiduciary responsibility, he/she may remove that member of the Senate from the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:4. Ratification of such an immediate suspension at IX.A.3 is required by the means specified at IX.A.2 above during the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. Should such ratification not occur within 60 days from the date of suspension, then that suspension is deemed cancelled and the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the Censors, shall ensure that the suspended member of the Senate has his/her membership of the Senate list reinstated.<br />
<br />
:5. At any time before the expiration of the 60 days the princeps senatus, may reinstate membership of the Senate list in circumstances where:<br />
<br />
::a. The member of the Senate has fulfilled any conditions that may have been required to be fulfilled prior to reinstatement.<br />
<br />
::b. The member of the Senate is subsequently exonerated of having committed an act(s) that led to the finding that he/she was in contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
::c. The member of the Senate has proactively taken steps to purge his/her contempt of the Senate to the satisfaction of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
B. If the princeps senatus determines that a presiding magistrate has:<br />
<br />
:1. Attempted to invoke closed session or Senate seal for an agenda item where confidentially was clearly not required and/or<br />
<br />
:2. Proceeded to try to invoke closed session or Senate seal without the consent of the princeps senatus then this shall constitute contempt of the Senate and the princeps senatus may:<br />
<br />
:3. Resolve the matter informally when the presiding magistrate has proactively taken steps to purge his/her contempt of the Senate to the satisfaction of the princeps senatus or<br />
<br />
:4. Report that contempt to the censors for their consideration of any action they deem appropriate.<br />
<br />
C. If the princeps senatus commits an act that obviously and clearly violates the prohibitions under III.E, or IX.A or IX.B this shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate and the censors shall:<br />
<br />
:1. Request the consuls, or in their absence the praetors, to issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session. The consuls, or in their absence the praetors, must accede to that request. In the agenda on the call to convene there must only be one item, and that must only be described as “Internal procedural matter”. No supporting or descriptive text can be included. After the call to order of that session the presiding magistrate shall declare that:<br />
<br />
::a. The Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
::b. The Senate seal is active.<br />
<br />
:2. For the purposes of IX.C.1.a and IX.C.1.b the consent of the princeps senatus required under VI.D shall be deemed to have been granted.<br />
<br />
:3. The Censors must then collegiately submit a draft Senatus Consultum to the Senate, where the sole content is “The Senate of Nova Roma removes the position and title of princeps senatus, together with any and all honors, powers, limits and obligations, from “ with the name of the princeps senatus appended after that phrase. The Senatus Consultum must not contain any further text, other than title and date. The Censors must in a separate post(s) to the Senate list detail the facts and substantiate the violation(s).<br />
<br />
:4. After the call to vote is posted, voting members of the Senate shall vote to approve or reject this Senatus Consultum. The vote shall be by way of super majority.<br />
<br />
:5. If the Senatus Consultum is passed the princeps senatus is immediately and automatically dismissed from his position and the Censors shall immediately assume the role collegiately of the princeps senatus until a replacement can be chosen in the manner as described at X.C.<br />
<br />
==X. THE PRINCEPS SENATUS==<br />
<br />
A. The princeps senatus must:<br />
<br />
:1. Be a Senator<br />
<br />
:2. Be a member of the patrician order.<br />
<br />
:3. Be a former consul.<br />
<br />
:4. Be a former censor.<br />
<br />
:5. Hold the longest, continuous and uninterrupted record of membership of the Senate.<br />
<br />
B. The appointment of the princeps senatus must only be by the manner permitted in this Senatus Consultum and shall be for a period of 5 years. At the expiration of that period if the princeps senatus whose period of appointment has just expired is the only member of the Senate meeting the conditions at X.A then he/she shall be automatically prorogued as princeps senatus for a further period of 5 years to the position of princeps senatus, unless he/she indicates an unwillingness to be so prorogued.<br />
<br />
C. If at the expiration of the period of his/her appointment the princeps senatus whose period of appointment has just expired does not meet the conditions at X.A, or he/she has indicated an unwillingness to be prorogued, or the position of princeps senatus has fallen vacant due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, dismissal from the position of princeps senatus, death, resignation or renunciation of citizenship, then the procedure to appoint a new princeps senatus shall be:<br />
<br />
:1. The Censors shall determine from the Album Senatorum if one or more members of the Senate meet the requirements at X.A and compile a list of candidates that do meet them. From that list of one or more candidates the Censors will select the one that is in their collegiate opinion the most suited to the position, taking into account the reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate of each candidate. The Censors shall then appoint that candidate by means of issuing an edict to that effect.<br />
<br />
:2. If no members of the Senate meet the requirements at X.A, the Censors shall examine the Album Senatorum and choose a member of the Senate, taking into account his/her reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate, that in their collegiate opinion most closely fits the requirements at X.A. Notwithstanding the period of 5 years specified at X.B, this appointment shall be for a period of 1 year. The Censors shall then appoint that candidate by means of issuing an edict to that effect. The period of appointment is a new one and is not affected, reduced or increased by any remaining period of appointment of the previous princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:3. If one or more candidates do meet the requirements at X.A, but do not in the opinion of the Censors possess the required reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate to successfully and/or honourably discharge the position of princeps senatus, then the Censors shall at the next formal meeting of the Senate in session, where the presiding magistrate is either a Consul or Praetor, request that the matter of the appointment of the princeps senatus be added to the agenda as an item. The presiding magistrate must:<br />
<br />
::a. Accede to that request.<br />
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::b. Declare the Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
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::c. Declare that the Senate seal is active and in effect for that item<br />
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:4. For the purposes of X.C.3.b and X.C.3.c the consent of the princeps senatus required under VI.D shall be deemed to have been granted. The Censors shall then report to the Senate why the candidate(s) who were eligible to be considered for appointment as princeps senatus was/were not selected. The presiding magistrate must:<br />
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::a. Decide from the posted opinions of Senators if the one or more of the candidates passed over for selection has/have sufficient support to warrant the matter being put to the vote.<br />
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::b. Any such vote shall include on the proposed Senatus Consultum for appointment of the princeps senatus, the names of those candidates identified at X.C.3 and the winning candidate shall be the one that receives the most votes by way of simple majority.<br />
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:5. The princeps senatus shall have the following honors, powers, limits and obligations.<br />
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::a. To be the final authority to determine if the procedures of this Senatus Consultum have been violated by any member of the Senate either in the manner of application of, or in the failure to comply with, such procedures, whether through negligence or a deliberate act.<br />
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::b. To be the final authority on what is acceptable conduct to be expected from members of the Senate, both during informal Senate discussion and formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
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::c. To be the final authority on determining the meaning of any part of this Senatus Consultum where such meaning is unclear to any member of the Senate, and/or to arbitrate in any dispute between members of the Senate over such meaning.<br />
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::d. To be consulted on any proposed changes to the internal procedures of the Senate.<br />
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::e. To be empowered, due to a period of his/her absence, to delegate his/her functions as princeps senatus to a Senator of his/her choice in order who should match exactly or as close as possible, in his/her opinion, the requirements under X.A, The method of delegation shall be as follows:<br />
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:::i. A post to the Senate list, by the princeps senatus, in which he/she must specify who is to be acting princeps senatus, together with the commencement and the end dates of the acting period.<br />
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:::ii. The details at X.C.5.e.i may be included in the post required under VI.F.1.<br />
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:::iii. The princeps senatus may select different Senators to act at various non-overlapping, but consecutive, date ranges during his/her period of absence.<br />
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:::iv. The princeps senatus may select a Senator(s) to act for him/her that differs from the Senator(s) he selects to receive the grant of his proxy vote.<br />
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::f. To have the authority to enforce any and all provisions of this Senatus Consultum and to create a rule of session.<br />
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::g. If the princeps senatus cannot be contacted either between the call to convene and the call to order during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then the Censors shall appoint a Senator of their choice to act for the princeps senatus during that session only. That Senator should match exactly or as close as possible, in their opinion, the requirements under X.A. Should the princeps senatus subsequently declare himself/herself present before the call to close, the appointment of the acting princeps senatus shall be automatically terminated.<br />
<br />
==XI. QUORUM==<br />
<br />
A. The quorum for the Senate of Nova Roma is only required for formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
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B. The quorum is calculated and based on only voting members of the Senate.<br />
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C. The required quorum must be achieved at the time the call to order is posted.<br />
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D. If the quorum is not achieved then the call to order cannot be posted and no formal meeting of the Senate in session can legally be held. Any formal meeting of the Senate in session that is held where the quorum is not achieved is illegal and no Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum passed during such an illegal session shall have any legal force or validity.<br />
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E. A voting member of the Senate is deemed present at the time the call to order is posted if that member has not posted to the Senate list that he/she will be absent, using the process at VI.F.<br />
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F. Once the quorum is established as being present at the time the call to order is posted, no challenges by any member of the Senate to establish if it is present subsequently shall be legal or permitted. Such challenges if made shall be an extreme disruption to a formal meeting of the Senate in session, as defined at III.E.3.<br />
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G. Any member of the Senate present at the time the call to order is posted, by virtue of not having posted his/her absence at VI.F, may state that he/she is leaving the formal meeting of the Senate in session, but for the purposes of the quorum he/she is deemed to still be present during the remainder of the session conducted in his/her absence.<br />
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H. Any calculation of the results of the voting stage shall treat the vote of any member of the Senate leaving after the call order, as defined at XI.G, as an abstention vote as defined at VII.G.3.<br />
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I. The quorum required must be 2/3rds (two thirds) of the total number of voting members of the Senate, where fractions are rounded up to the next nearest whole number. For example if there are 22 voting members of the Senate, 2/3rds is 14.666 recurring. Therefore the quorum would be 15 voting members of the Senate, who would have to present immediately before the call to order.<br />
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J. Those voting members of the Senate who have identified themselves as absent under the process at VI.F will be counted as being present during a formal meeting of the Senate in session that occurs during that period of absence for the purposes of the calculation of the quorum if they have assigned the grant of a proxy vote under the process at VI.F. If they have not assigned a proxy vote then they will be counted as absent.<br />
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K. The presiding magistrate must make the calculation of whether the quorum has been achieved. The call to order must not be made until the calculation is made and the quorum established as being achieved as defined at XI.I. The presiding magistrate must immediately before the call to order post is made follow the steps below in consecutive order:<br />
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:1. Count the number of voting members of the Senate who have identified themselves as absent, under the process at VI.F.<br />
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:2. Calculate the quorum as under XI.I.<br />
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:3. Subtract the number at XI.K.1 from the total number of voting members of the Senate.<br />
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:4. If the result of the subtraction at XI.K.3 is greater than the quorum as at XI.I, then the quorum has been achieved and the call to order may be posted and the formal meeting of the Senate in session can proceed.<br />
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:5. If the result of the subtraction at XI.K.3 is less than the quorum as at XI.I, then the quorum has not been achieved and the call to order must not be posted and the formal meeting of the Senate in session cannot proceed.<br />
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L. Where the quorum is achieved and the call to order made, the presiding magistrate shall include in the call to order post the statement “The quorum is achieved”. The presiding magistrate must also include in the call to order post the calculations made at XI.K.1 to XI.K.3 inclusive.<br />
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M. Where the quorum is not achieved, the presiding magistrate shall post to the Senate list a post with a subject heading “Formal meeting of the Senate in session cancelled”. This post must include, within the body of the post, the statement “The quorum is not achieved”. The presiding magistrate shall also include in the body of the post the calculations made at XI.K.1 to XI.K.3 inclusive.<br />
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==XII. THE SENATE LIST==<br />
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A. The only owners of the Senate list shall be the Censors and the princeps senatus.<br />
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B. The only moderators of the Senate list shall be the Consuls.<br />
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C. The Censors shall not, unless one or both are acting princeps senatus, engage in, except as provided for at II.C, any task involving:<br />
<br />
:1. Restricting or moderating the posting rights of members of the Senate including, including but not limited to, rejection, approval or deletion of posts.<br />
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:2. The removal of a member of the Senate from the list, except in cases where a member has ceased to be a member of the Senate due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, death, resignation from the Senate or renunciation of citizenship.<br />
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:3. Any other role or function connected to a formal meeting of the Senate in session, with the exception of those tasks assigned by this Senatus Consultum.<br />
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D. The Censors shall be responsible for the addition of new members of the Senate to the Senate list and for the granting of moderator status to a Consul at the commencement of his/her term of office and removal of that moderator status at the expiration of his/her term.<br />
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E. All posts are expected to conform to the requirements and restrictions of the Terms of Service by which members of the Senate and any other magistrate are bound by virtue of membership of the Senate list.<br />
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F. The Senate list is an official list of Nova Roma. Ownership or moderator status of the list, as defined by the Yahoo! Inc. roles of owner and moderator, is solely for the purposes of ensuring the continued maintenance of the functions of the Senate as defined by the legal code. The owner and moderator features of the Senate list are restricted to the uses and purposes of such features that are allowed by this Senatus consultum. Any use of such features other than that allowed by this Senatus consultum are forbidden.<br />
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G. Those members of the Senate that are designated owners or moderators of the Senate list renounce any and all rights to treat the Senate list as though it were their own personal property, renounce all rights to and accept that they hold the Senate list in trust for the Senate of Nova Roma. Deletion of the Senate list or any change in the name of the Senate list is forbidden. Acceptance and continued exercise of the roles of owner or moderator is deemed acceptance of this trust.<br />
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H. Any failure on the part of a member of the Senate who is an owner or moderator to abide by XII.F or XII.G shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the [[Lex Salicia poenalis (Nova Roma)|Lex Salicia poenalis]]. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, Lex Salicia poenalis shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in this definition being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence.<br />
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I. Membership of the Senate list is restricted to:<br />
<br />
:1. Members of the Senate<br />
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:2. Other magistrate(s), who shall be granted temporary membership of the Senate list for the formal meeting of the Senate in session to which they have been invited to by the presiding magistrate of that session. After the call to close the princeps senatus or the Censors shall remove that other magistrate from the Senate list.<br />
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J. The following powers must be granted to a Consul as a moderator of the Senate list:<br />
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:1. Approve pending messages<br />
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:2. Invite and add members<br />
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:3. Approve pending members No addition to the above powers may be made at the time of, or subsequent to, the granting of moderator status at the commencement of his/her term of office.<br />
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==XIII. CALENDAR AND RELIGIOUS MATTERS==<br />
<br />
A. If a prohibited day occurs during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then the presiding magistrate must issue the call to recess at any time on the preceding day. The period of the recess must be at least for the full 24-hour duration of the prohibited day.<br />
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B. It is permitted for a formal meeting of the Senate in session to take place on a restricted day, but any matter concerning the cultus and religio must be dealt with in the agenda before any civil matter. It is the responsibility of the presiding magistrate to order the agenda to ensure this occurs.<br />
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C. Before a call to convene can be posted the auspices must have been taken. They must be taken by:<br />
<br />
:1. The presiding magistrate,<br />
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:2. An augur on behalf of, and at the request of the presiding magistrate. A copy of the auspices result of either method at XIII.C.1 or XIII.C.2 must be posted to the Senate list by either the person at XIII.C.1 or the presiding magistrate on whose behalf they were taken at XIII.C.2.<br />
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D. If the result of the auspices at XIII.C is favourable the call to convene may be posted. If the result is unfavourable the call to convene must not be posted and no formal meeting of the Senate in session may occur.<br />
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==XIV. HISTORICAL ITEMS OF RECORD==<br />
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A. The following are automatically deemed to be subject to Senate seal for a duration in perpetuity, or until released from the Senate seal by way of super majority vote and such release is for the purpose of publication outside of the Senate:<br />
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:1. Any post or any file or any item stored on the Senate on a date prior to the enactment of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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:2. Any other content or information stored on or drawn from the Senate list, that relates or concerns any incident or matter of a date prior to the date of the enactment of this Senatus consultum.<br />
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B. Members of the Senate may address such issues at XIV.A.1 or XIV.A.2 after the date of enactment of this Senatus consultum, but such further discussion will not be affected or restricted by XIV.A and, subject to the closed session or Senate seal being specifically applied to such further discussions, the right ofreporting granted at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 extends to and covers such further discussions.<br />
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==XV. PHYSICAL AND OTHER MEETINGS OF THE SENATE==<br />
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A. No physical meeting of Senators, or any other meeting of Senators on any medium, other than on the Senate list, shall be a lawful formal meeting of the Senate in session, unless a Senatus Consultum passed by extraordinary majority specifically authorizes such a meeting.<br />
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B. The rules for such a physical or other meeting that is a formal meeting of the Senate in session, such other excluding one held on the Senate list, must be defined and established within that Senatus Consultum at XV.A.<br />
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C. Holding, or attempting to hold, such a physical, or other, formal meeting of the Senate in session, other than on the Senate list and other than by the process at XV.B, is illegal and forbidden and shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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==XVI. JURISDICTION AND AUTHORITY OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. Under the authority of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Senate is authorized to enact rules by Senatus consultum that govern its own internal procedures and a law passed in comitia may not overrule any such Senatus consultum. Therefore under the authority of V.F. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, this Senatus consultum asserts and establishes the primacy and supremacy of its contents, and of this Senatus consultum in its entirety, as the only lawful and permitted legal instrument that shall affect and/or regulate the internal procedures of the Senate, subject only to the Constitution of Nova Roma itself.<br />
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B. In respect of 1.A and 1.C of the [[Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio (Nova Roma)|Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio]], the phrase “within the duties of the magistrate” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate, shall be defined as precluding any act, or attempted act, that involves the exercise, or attempted exercise, of imperium and potestas, including but not limited to the issuance of an edictum, that would supersede, contradict, ignore, negate, or overrule any of the provisions of this Senatus consultum. Any such act, or attempted act, is illegal and forbidden. Such an act, or attempted act, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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C. In respect of 1.A and 1.C of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the phrase “within the duties of the magistrate” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate shall be defined only as those duties, honors, powers, limits and obligations assigned by this Senatus consultum. Any extension, or attempted extension, of the scope of those duties as defined above in excess of those permitted within this Senatus consultum is illegal and forbidden. Such an extension, or attempted extension, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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D. In respect of 2.C of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the phrase “calling to Senate to vote or placing a proposed senatus consultum on the Senate agenda” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate shall be defined only as the processes, conduct and regulation of a formal meeting of the Senate as defined and described within the scope of this Senatus Consultum. It shall not imply or be defined as granting such a presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, any extra authority beyond that scope. Any such grant, or attempted grant, is illegal and forbidden. Such a grant, or attempted grant, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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E. The definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive are under the authority of sections V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, where under I.B no conflict existing between a lesser legal authority and a higher legal authority, and in the absence of such a definition existing, the Senate, through Senatus consultum, is authorized to so define such phrases and for such definitions to have the force of law.<br />
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F. In accordance with 4.B of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive abide by the definitions and limits of imperium and potestas such as are provided within that lex, but as the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio is silent on providing definitions of the phrases as at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive, then this Senatus Consultum is authorized by V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, as described at XVI.E of this Senatus consultum, to so define those phrases.<br />
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G. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence. For the purposes of the internal procedures of the Senate the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D are the only definitions for the purposes of this Senatus consultum that shall be applied to those specified phrases, regardless of any future definitions that are enacted by way of edictum or law passed in comitia.<br />
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H. Any use, or attempted use, of imperium and/or potestas, as defined by and subject to the limitations at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive, by a member of the Senate or other magistrate, to evade, impede, negate or otherwise cancel any sanction(s) imposed upon that member or other magistrate, or upon another member or other magistrate, under the authority and terms of this Senatus consultum shall be illegal and forbidden and deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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I. No section of this Senatus consultum shall be defined or implied to affect, or alter, or define the scope and/or use of imperium and/or potestas, as defined by the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, on matters not pertaining to the Senate and the business of the Senate.<br />
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J. In respect of 2.D and 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the use of the phrase “on all levels on all Nova Roma subjects” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate and the business of the Senate shall be defined as being by right of section V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma subject to, and limited by, the right of the Senate to establish a specific method of interpretation for this Senatus consultum.<br />
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K. The exercise, or attempted exercise, of the right of full iurisdictio under 2.D and 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio that would seek to define, affect, alter, contradict, ignore, negate, overrule, cancel, or other such limiting consequence, the method of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, established within this Senatus consultum, under the authority of XVI.J is illegal and forbidden. Such an exercise, or attempted exercise, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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L. As the right to hold of imperium, as defined under IV.A.2.a, IV.A.3.a and IV.A.4.a of the Constitution of Nova Roma, does not include a definition of the scope and use of imperium, and as the the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio is silent on the definition of the phrases as specified at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive of this Senatus consultum, then the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D, by virtue of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, shall not be defined or interpreted as in conflict with IV.A.2.a, IV.A.3.a and IV.A.4.a of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
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M. In respect of VI.B.1.c and VI.B.2.a.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such decretum so issued that is concerned with, or affects, the internal procedures of the Senate shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, require confirmation by Senatus consultum, passed by way of extraordinary majority, before that decretum can legally be applied to, or affect, the internal procedures of the Senate. Any such decretum not subject to confirmation, or having failed to receive confirmation, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate. Such non-binding advice shall not affect or alter the procedures of the Senate as defined within this Senatus consultum and any act that affects or alters, or attempts to affect or alter, those procedures is illegal and forbidden.<br />
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N. In respect of VI.B.2.b.1 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such definition that the Senate list, or any such place as defined under XV.B of this Senatus consultum, is a templum shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, require confirmation by Senatus consultum, passed by way of extraordinary majority, before that definition can legally be applied to, or affect, the internal procedures of the Senate. Any such definition not subject to confirmation, or having failed to receive confirmation, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate. Such non-binding advice shall not affect or alter the procedures of the Senate as defined within this Senatus consultum and any act that affects or alters, or attempts to affect or alter, those procedures is illegal and forbidden.<br />
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O. In respect of VI.B.2.b.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such declaration of obnuntiatio in respect of a formal meeting of the Senate in session shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, only apply and result in such a meeting being delayed where auspices have been taken according to XII.C.2 of this Senatus consultum. Any declaration of obnuntiatio not based on the taking of auspices, as defined at XIII.C, shall require acceptance of the presiding magistrate before that declaration can legally result in such a meeting being delayed. Any such definition not subject to such acceptance, or having failed to receive such acceptance, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate.<br />
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P. Should the presiding magistrate at XVI.O not accept a declaration of obnuntiatio and proceed with a formal meeting of the Senate, the first agenda item after the call to order that must be discussed is that declaration of obnuntiatio. Regardless of any other requirement or provision of this Senatus consultum, the matter of the obnuntiatio shall be subject to an immediate debate period of only 24 hours in length at the conclusion of which an additional call to vote must be issued.<br />
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Q. Regardless of any other requirement or provision of this Senatus consultum, this additional voting period at XVI.P shall only be 24 hours in length. This additional voting period shall be separate from, and additional to, that voting period specified on the call to convene. A Senatus consultum concerning the matter of the obnuntiatio shall be the only item put to the vote in this additional voting period.<br />
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R. The Senatus consultum at XVI.Q that shall be put to the vote in this additional voting period shall state the text of the declaration of the obnuntiatio, who made the declaration, the time and date it was made, and any other information provided by the person making the declaration, and shall further state the following motion: “As a consequence of this declaration of obnuntiatio the Senate of Nova Roma decrees that the current formal meeting of the Senate in session shall be immediately recessed.” The time and date when the recess ends and the Senate must reconvene should be appended immediately after the above motion.<br />
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S. The presiding magistrate at XVI.P may at his/her discretion not specify any time and date to reconvene and instead substitute “shall be immediately closed” in place of “shall be immediately recessed” in respect of the motion at XVI.R.<br />
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T. At the conclusion of the voting period at XVI.Q the determination of the results shall be by the provisions as specified at section VIII of this Senatus consultum. If the Senatus consultum at XVI.Q is enacted the presiding magistrate shall immediately follow its direction and issue either the call to recess, or the call to close based on the text of the Senatus consultum. If the Senatus consultum at XVI.Q is not enacted then the formal meeting of the Senate shall proceed.<br />
<br />
U. Any such declaration of obnuntiatio subject to such confirmation by means of Senatus consultum as at XVI.Q, where such a Senatus consultum having been put to the vote did not achieve a simple majority, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of compelling a delay of the formal meeting of the Senate.<br />
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V. Any act, or attempted act, that circumvents, supersedes, contradicts, ignores, negates, or overrules all, or any part of, section XVI of this Senatus consultum, or attempts to do so, for the obvious, or likely, purpose of subjugating the Senate to the dictate, direction or control of any member of the Senate, or other magistrate, or official, or citizen through the exercise, or attempted exercise, of imperium and/or potestas and/or iurisdictio and/or intercessio and/or other exercise of an otherwise lawful power or right, or by the exercise, or attempted exercise, of an illegally usurped power or right, where the purpose of such subjugation is itself to alter, limit, reduce or eradicate the right of the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma to govern its own internal procedures, or where the purpose of such subjugation is to enable an appointment of a dictator, or the enactment of a Senatus consultum ultimum, where the process of such an appointment or enactment is not in compliance with this Senatus consultum, then such an act, or attempted act, shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the Lex Salicia poenalis. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
W. In respect of any act, or attempted act, defined within this Senatus consultum as contempt of the Senate, or as illegal and forbidden, or as laesa patriae and/or treason, then no member of the Senate or other magistrate, or official, or citizen shall be required to comply with any such act, or attempted act. The imposition of any sanction that is applied, or is attempted to be applied, to a member of the Senate, or other magistrate, or official, or citizen as a consequence of a failure to comply with such an act, or attempted act, shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the Lex Salicia poenalis. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
X. For the purposes of the internal procedures of the Senate the definitions of laesa patriae and/or treason contained within this Senatus consultum are the only definitions that shall be applied, regardless of any future definitions that are enacted by way of any legal instrument. Such definitions are themselves established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, Lex Salicia poenalis shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in this definition being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence.<br />
<br />
==XVII. NOVA ROMA INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS==<br />
<br />
A. A meeting of the Nova Roma Inc. Board of Directors shall be a meeting separate from a formal meeting of the Senate in session and debate and voting shall be restricted to those members of the Senate who are Directors of the corporation.<br />
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B. Such a meeting is not subject to the conditions at XIII.C.<br />
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C. Legal macronational names shall be used throughout, but any use of such names shall be redacted from any report of such a meeting published on the Nova Roman website/wiki and replaced with initials.<br />
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D. An original un-redacted report with full legal macronational names intact shall be stored within the Senate list file section and shall constitute the official record of that meeting.<br />
<br />
E. The procedures of such a meeting will be in accordance with Robert’s Rules of Order. http://robertsrules.org/rror--00.htm<br />
<br />
F. The consent of the princeps senatus is required before a Senatus consultum to authorize a meeting of the Board of Directors can be put to the Senate for a vote. This shall be passed by simple majority and shall contain the specific reason for such a meeting. No meeting maybe held until such a Senatus consultum is passed and enacted. Upon enactment of this Senatus consultum the Board of Directors meeting shall take place immediately after the call to close of the formal meeting of the Senate in session in which the Senatus consultum was passed.<br />
<br />
==XVIII. INTERPRETATION==<br />
<br />
A. If an issue of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, on any matter pertaining to this Senatus consultum, the Senate and/or the business of the Senate, arises during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then by right conferred upon the Senate by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma the following process is established to regulate the use of full iurisdictio under 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio and the general grant of imperium conferred under the Constitution of Nova Roma. This regulation of full iurisdictio, and the general grant of imperium, applies only to the interpretation of this Senatus consultum, and/or to the interpretation of any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or to the business of the Senate. This process shall not be defined or interpreted as affecting the application of full iurisdictio and/or imperium outside of the scope of interpretation in respect of this Senatus consultum and/or any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or the business of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:1. If the presiding magistrate possesses imperium and full iurisdictio, he/she shall consult with the princeps senatus to try to establish a consensual interpretation of the issue at XVIII.A.<br />
<br />
:2. Should consensual interpretation at XVIII.A.1 not be reached within 24 hours of the issue being raised or identified during session, then by virtue of X.C.5.c the interpretation of the princeps senatus shall prevail and have precedence, and shall be adopted as the final and determining interpretation of the issue. The princeps senatus shall post that interpretation to the Senate list in the form of a rule of session.<br />
<br />
:3. No other member of the Senate or other magistrate who possesses imperium and full iurisdictio shall be part of the interpretative process at XVIII.A.1.<br />
<br />
B. If an issue of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, on any matter pertaining to this Senatus consultum, the Senate and/or the business of the Senate, arises during informal Senate discussion, then by right conferred upon the Senate by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma the following process is established to regulate the use of full iurisdictio under 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio and the general grant of imperium conferred under the Constitution of Nova Roma. This regulation of full iurisdictio, and the general grant of imperium, applies only to the interpretation of this Senatus consultum, and/or to the interpretation of any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or to the business of the Senate. This process shall not be defined or interpreted as affecting the application of full iurisdictio and/or imperium outside of the scope of interpretation in respect of this Senatus consultum and/or any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or the business of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:1. The princeps senatus shall resolve the issue by way of reaching an interpretation within 72 hours of the issue being raised or identified and shall post that interpretation to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:2. The interpretation of the princeps senatus at XVIII.B.1 shall, by virtue of X.C.5.c, be the final interpretation of the issue.<br />
<br />
:4. No other member of the Senate or other magistrate who possesses imperium and full iurisdictio shall be part of the interpretative process at XVIII.B.1<br />
<br />
==XIX. SUPERSEDING, AMENDING OR REPEALING THIS SENATUS CONSULTUM==<br />
<br />
A. Upon enactment of this Senatus Consultum, under the authority of XVI.A the only lawful method of subsequently superseding, amending or repealing this Senatus consultum must be by way of a Senatus Consultum that must achieve an extraordinary majority before it can be enacted. Any other method or attempt shall be illegal and forbidden and shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
B. No other Senatus Consultum shall be enacted where the proposed content of which conflicts, negates, overrides, limits or otherwise affects in a negative manner the contents and/or purposes of all or any part of this Senatus Consultum, whether directly or indirectly other than by the method at specified at XVIII.A.<br />
<br />
==XX. REPEALED AND SUPERSEDED==<br />
<br />
A. The following Senatus Consulta are repealed:<br />
<br />
:1. Rules on defining a Senate Quorum – approved a d XV Sex MMDCCLIV<br />
<br />
:2. Rules on convening the Senate – approved a.d. XVII Kal. Dec. MMDCCLVI<br />
<br />
:3. [[Procedures for Reporting the Senate's Call to Order]] – undated.<br />
<br />
:4. Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLIX – approved a.d. VIII Id. Sex MMDCCLIX<br />
<br />
:5. [[Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate (Nova_Roma)|Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate]] – undated.<br />
<br />
B. The contents of this Senatus Consultum shall by authority of XV.A supersede and override the contents of any other Senatus consulta, or lesser legal authority, enacted prior to this Senatus Consultum which is concerned with, but not limited to, informal Senate discussion, the procedures of the Senate during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, the princeps senatus, management and ownership of the Senate list and matters of internal moderation of members of the Senate.<br />
<br />
==XXI. ANNOTATION AND STYLE==<br />
<br />
A. The use of (s) in this Senatus consultum indicates that the singular occurrence of the word may also be read as the plural of that word. Absence of such (s) shall not necessarily imply that the plural cannot be inferred.<br />
<br />
B. Where not stated otherwise, as at XXI.C, the use of a combination of letters, Roman numerals, Arabic numerals, such as XXX.A.1.a.i, is a reference to a corresponding section of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
C. Similar types of combination at XXI.B can also be used to indicate a corresponding section of either the Constitution of Nova Roma or a named lex.<br />
<br />
D. The use of a descriptive title to describe sections of this Senatus consultum is only to assist in providing a brief general description of the contents in that section. Such a title does not form part of the reference method described at XXI.B.<br />
<br />
E. The use of italics is for ease of reference only and no extra meaning shall be construed from such use.<br />
<br />
F. Any issue arising from a matter of spelling, punctuation, grammar, annotation or style shall be resolved using the process described in XVIII of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
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</includeonly></div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Senate_proceduresSenate procedures2014-02-07T20:30:14Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix some links</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|Senate procedures}}<br />
<br />
This is a summary of the procedures followed in the ancient [[senate]] in the time of the free republic. For the procedures used by the senate of Nova Rome, see: [[Senate procedures (Nova Roma)]].<br />
<br />
==Convening the senate==<br />
<br />
===Who might convene the senate===<br />
<br />
The [[senate]] could be convened (i.e. ordered to meet) by any magistrate with the ''ius agendi cum senatu'' (the power to consult the senate, also known as the ''ius agendi cum patribus''). The magistrates with the ''ius agendi cum senatu'' were, in order of precedence:<br />
<br />
* ''[[Dictator]]''<br />
* ''[[Magister equitum]]''<br />
* ''[[Consul]]''<br />
* ''[[Praetor]]''<br />
* ''[[Tribunus plebis]]''<br />
* ''[[Interrex]]''<br />
* ''[[Praefectus|Praefectus urbi]]''<br />
<br />
Only one magistrate could convene the senate at any given time. If more than one magistrate with the ''ius agendi'' wished to convene the senate at the same time, it would be convened by the magistrate who was highest in the order of precedence listed above. However, once the senate was convened it was possible for other magistrates with the ''ius agendi'' to consult it (see [[senate procedures#Other presiding magistrates|below]]).<br />
<br />
===How the senate was convened===<br />
<br />
The convening magistrate would announce the date and time when the [[senate]] was to meet, and the place where it was to meet. The announcement was made either on the day or in advance.<br />
<br />
If the announcement was made on the day of the meeting, the convening magistrate would simply send a herald to the [[forum]] to announce the location of the meeting and to summon the ''senatores'' to come to that location immediately. This procedure was quite common.<br />
<br />
If the convening magistrate thought it necessary to give advance notice of the meeting, he would arrange for notices to be posted in various public locations, stating the time and place of the meeting.<br />
<br />
During those seasons when many ''senatores'' spent time in the Italian countryside away from Rome, the convening magistrate might also send out ''viatores'' (messengers) to inform them of the meeting.<br />
<br />
===Obstruction===<br />
<br />
There was a very strong custom, observed throughout the republican period, that a magistrate with the ''ius agendi cum senatu'' could not be prevented from convening the [[senate]], whether by the use of ''[[intercessio]]'' or by any other means.<br />
<br />
==Date, time and location of meetings==<br />
<br />
===Date of meetings===<br />
<br />
Unlike the ''[[comitia]]'', the [[senate]] was not restricted to particular [[calendar|types of day]] for its meetings, and it is known to have met on ''dies fasti'', ''nefasti'', ''nefasti publici'', ''comitiales'', and ''endotercisi'', and on both ''dies relisiosi'' and even ''dies atri''.<br />
<br />
By custom the senate did not meet during meetings of the ''comitia'', but there were occasional exceptions.<br />
<br />
There were some days on which the senate normally met. In particular, the senate normally met on the day when the ''consules'' entered office.<br />
<br />
===Time of meetings===<br />
<br />
Meetings of the [[senate]] generally began early in the morning, often at sunrise. This was to allow the longest possible time for the meeting itself.<br />
<br />
===Duration of meetings===<br />
<br />
No matter when the meeting began, the [[senate]] could not conclude any valid business after sunset. Any vote taken after sunset was invalid. Informal discussion could, however, continue after sunset.<br />
<br />
For this reason, it was customary not to begin discussion on any new [[senate procedures#Relatio (matter for discussion)|''relatio'']] after the tenth [[Timekeeping|hour]] of the day. This ensured that any ''relatio'' would be guaranteed at least two hours for discussion.<br />
<br />
A meeting which ran out of time could be adjourned for continuation on a subsequent day. This subsequent meeting would technically be a new meeting and not a continuation of the previous one, but in practice it could pick up where the previous one had finished.<br />
<br />
===Location of meetings===<br />
<br />
It was up to the [[senate procedures#Who might convene the senate|convening magistrate]] to choose the location of the meeting.<br />
<br />
The only technical requirements were that the meeting must be within one mile of the city of Rome (though it could be, and often was, outside the ''[[pomerium]]'') and that it must take place within a ''[[templum]]''. Any vote taken in a place which did not meet these two requirements was invalid.<br />
<br />
Beyond these technical requirements, practical considerations meant that meetings had to take place in locations where at least 100 people could comfortably sit and move around. Meetings were normally indoors, but this was purely a practical matter, and meetings could and did occur at outdoor ''templa'': in particular, it was customary for the [[senate]] to meet in the open air to hear reports of speaking cattle (see ''[[prodigia]]'').<br />
<br />
The most common meeting-place was the ''curia Hostilia''. Other common locations inside the city were the temples of Iuppiter Capitolinus, of Castor, of Concordia, of Fides, or Honor & Virtus, of Iuppiter Stator, of Tellus, and of Quirinus, and in the ''atrium Vestae''. Common meeting-places outside the city were the temples of Apollo and of Bellona.<br />
<br />
==Attendance==<br />
<br />
===Right to attend===<br />
<br />
====''Senatores''====<br />
<br />
Any ''senator'' (i.e. anyone whose name was on the list of ''senatores'' which had been compiled by the [[Censor|''censores'']]) was entitled to attend any meeting of the [[senate]].<br />
<br />
====Former magistrates====<br />
<br />
Also entitled to attend were those former magistrates who were not ''senatores'' but who possessed the ''ius sententiae dicendae'' (the right to give their opinion in the [[senate]]) by virtue of their former magistracy. These former magistrates were:<br />
<br />
* ''[[Dictator]]ius''<br />
* ''[[Censor]]ius''<br />
* ''[[Consul]]aris''<br />
* ''[[Praetor]]ius''<br />
* ''[[Magister equitum|Magistri equitum priores]]''<br />
<br />
Over time lower magistrates also gained the ''ius sententiae'':<br />
<br />
* ''[[Aedilis|Aedilicii curules]]'' (from the fourth century B.C.)<br />
* ''[[Aedilis|Aedilicii plebis]]'' (from the late third century B.C.)<br />
* ''[[Tribunus plebis|Tribunicii plebis]]'' (from the early second century B.C.)<br />
* ''[[Quaestor]]ii'' (from the early first century B.C.)<br />
<br />
It should be noted, however, that a former magistrate would lose the ''ius sententiae'' if he lost his citizenship, became [[infamia|''infamis'']], or was passed over by the [[Censor|''censores'']] during the ''[[lectio senatus]]''.<br />
<br />
====Current magistrates====<br />
<br />
The ''ius sententiae'' was also held by the current occupant of any magistracy of the Roman people, who were thus entitled to attend meetings of the[[senate]] while in office, whether they were ''senatores'' or not:<br />
<br />
* ''[[Dictator]]''<br />
* ''[[Censor]]''<br />
* ''[[Consul]]''<br />
* ''[[Praetor]]''<br />
* ''[[Magister equitum]]''<br />
* ''[[Aedilis|Aedilis curulis]]''<br />
* ''[[Aedilis|Aedilis plebis]]''<br />
* ''[[Tribunus plebis]]''<br />
* ''[[Quaestor]]''<br />
<br />
====''Flamen Dialis''====<br />
<br />
Finally, the ''[[flamen Dialis]]'' also held the ''ius sententiae'' by virtue of his office and was therefore entitled to attend meetings of the[[senate]] while he held that priesthood (which was normally held for life).<br />
<br />
====Members of the senate====<br />
<br />
In this article, the phrase "members of the senate" is used to denote ''senatores'', former magistrates with the ''ius sententiae'', current magistrates, and the ''flamen Dialis'' - in other words, everyone who was entitled to participate in meetings of the senate. It should be noted that this does not correspond to any Roman technical term and is used purely for convenience.<br />
<br />
====Others by special permission====<br />
<br />
Anyone who was not normally entitled to attend meetings of the [[senate]] could be given special permission to attend a particular meeting by the[[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]]. Such people were entitled to attend only for so long and on such terms as the presiding magistrate permitted.<br />
<br />
This permission was most commonly given to the ''[[apparitor]]es'' and ''[[lictor]]es'' of the presiding magistrate himself, as well as to any special guests such as foreign ambassadors.<br />
<br />
====Listeners in the antechamber====<br />
<br />
Some people, though not permitted to enter the place where the [[senate]] was meeting, were customarily permitted to enter the antechamber and listen from there. These included, in particular, the young sons of men who were taking part in the meeting. This was also where the ''[[Tribunus plebis|tribuni plebis]]'' listened to proceedings before they gained the ''ius sententiae'' in the third century B.C.<br />
<br />
====Listeners outside====<br />
<br />
Meetings of the [[senate]] were not in principle secret, and although only certain people were allowed to attend meetings there was no rule preventing others from listening to the meetings. On many occasions it is recorded that members of the public stood around the doorway of the building where a meeting was taking place and listened to the proceedings; if a large crowd gathered, those closer to the door would pass on the details to those further away.<br />
<br />
The [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] did, however, have a discretion to close the doors and thus prevent members of the public hearing the debate.<br />
<br />
===Obligation to attend===<br />
<br />
====''Senatores''====<br />
<br />
Of those who were entitled to attend meetings of the [[senate]] (see [[Senate procedures#Right to attend|above]]), only ''senatores'' were obliged to attend.<br />
<br />
====Enforcement====<br />
<br />
This obligation could be enforced by the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]], who could fine absentees or even seize and threaten to destroy their property (commonly their home) in order to compel them to attend. In practice, however, this was rarely done.<br />
<br />
====Exemption====<br />
<br />
A ''senator'' who was absent from Rome on public business was not obliged to attend; nor was one who was too old or infirm. In the first century B.C., and perhaps before, ''senatores'' were also permitted to be absent in order to fulfil a vow at a shrine outside Italy. This latter exemption came to be abused by some ''senatores'' to justify absences on entirely private business, and from {{-63}} such absences were limited to a maximum of one year.<br />
<br />
===Quorum===<br />
<br />
====General rule====<br />
<br />
During the republican period there was no minimum number of votes required to vote on an ordinary [[Senate procedures#Relatio (matter for discussion)|''relatio'']] and pass an ordinary ''[[senatus consultum]]''. It was left to the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] to judge whether the meeting was sufficiently full (''frequens'') for meaningful business to be done, and his decision was not open to challenge.<br />
<br />
====Exceptions====<br />
<br />
Sometimes the [[senate]] was empowered by a ''[[lex]]'' or a ''[[senatus consultum]]'' to make decisions on particular issues, and in some cases the relevant ''[[lex]]'' or ''[[senatus consultum]]'' specified that such a vote would not be valid unless the meeting was attended by a certain minimum number of ''senatores''.<br />
<br />
As far as we know, such ''[[lex|leges]]'' and ''[[senatus consultum|senatus consulta]]'' never specified a minimum of more than half the total membership of the senate, and more commonly only required the attendance of one third of the total.<br />
<br />
It is not entirely clear whether such numbers included only ''senatores'' or also others with the ''ius sententiae''. Almost certainly they did not include current magistrates, since current magistrates did not vote at all (see [[Senate procedures#Who voted|below]]); but it probably did include former magistrates with the ''ius sententiae'', and the ''[[flamen Dialis]]''.<br />
<br />
When a minimum number was required, there was no fixed procedure for checking that the required number of people were actually present, and it may well have been possible for a vote to go ahead without the required number so long as everyone present acquiesced. Any participant in the meeting could, however, shout "''numera''" ("count"), whereupon the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] was obliged to count those present and could not go ahead with the vote if the numbers were insufficient.<br />
<br />
==Seating==<br />
<br />
===Ordinary participants===<br />
<br />
The ''senatores'' and other private citizens with the ''ius sententiae'' sat on benches. Where the meeting-place was square or rectangular, the benches were probably arrayed along the two walls either side of the main door. Some meeting-places, however, were built with special curved benches.<br />
<br />
Particular areas of seating were not reserved for particular political parties or alliances, nor is there any evidence that some seats were reserved for more senior members. As will be seen [[Senate procedures#Responding to a sententia|below]], participants were likely to change seats over the course of the meeting. In practice, however, there may have been some expectation that the more junior participants would sit where they could more easily get up and move about.<br />
<br />
===Curule magistrates with the ''ius agendi''===<br />
<br />
Curule magistrates with the [[Senate procedures#Who might convene the senate|''ius agendi cum senatu'']] (i.e. [[Dictator|''dictatores'']], [[Consul|''consules'']], [[Praetor|''praetores'']], and [[Magister equitum|''magistri equitum'']]) sat on their [[Sella Curulis|''sellae curules'']] on a raised platform.<br />
<br />
In square or rectangular meeting-places, the platform was probably placed along the wall facing the main entrance. It would thus be at right-angles to the two sets of benches.<br />
<br />
===''Tribuni plebis''===<br />
<br />
The [[Tribunus plebis|''tribuni plebis'']] sat together on a long bench (''longa subsellio''), which must have been long enough to accommodate ten people.<br />
<br />
The normal location of the long tribunician bench is uncertain. Since the ''tribuni'' had originally sat outside in the antechamber, and had exerted pressure on the senate by blocking the exit, one may conjecture that when they gained admittance to the main chamber in the third century B.C. they took up a position somewhere just inside the entrance, and their long bench may have remained near the entrance thereafter.<br />
<br />
===Other magistrates===<br />
<br />
Current magistrates other than those just mentioned sat on chairs placed in a semi-circle around the foot of the platform which supported the [[Consul|''consules'']], [[Praetor|''praetores'']], &c.<br />
<br />
==Preliminaries==<br />
<br />
===Entry and exit of magistrates===<br />
<br />
When a magistrate entered or left the meeting, the ''senatores'' and private citizens with the ''ius sententiae'' would stand up. They might also stand up on the arrival or departure of any individual to whom they wished to show particular respect.<br />
<br />
===Sacrifice and auspices===<br />
<br />
The [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] would generally make a sacrifice and take auspices before beginning the meeting.<br />
<br />
Since the [[senate]] was technically an advisory body, these were private auspices and were taken merely for the satisfaction of the presiding magistrate himself. Accordingly a failure to take auspices did not render the proceedings invalid, as it would in the ''[[comitia]]''.<br />
<br />
For this reason, it seems also that the observation of ill omens did not abort or vitiate a meeting of the senate, and there is no evidence that ''nuntiatio'' or ''obuntiatio'' was ever used to obstruct a meeting of the senate (though this may equally be a feature of the rule, mentioned [[Senate procedures#Obstruction|above]] and [[Senate procedures#Intercessio (veto)|below]], that meetings of the senate could not be vetoed).<br />
<br />
==Conduct of the meeting==<br />
<br />
===The presiding magistrate===<br />
<br />
The meeting (at least to start with) would be conducted by the magistrate who had [[Senate procedures#Who might convene the senate|convened]] the meeting, referred to here as the presiding magistrate (the Romans themselves had no particular term). The presiding magistrate acted as the chairman of the meeting, and had control of its agenda: it was he who sought the advice of the [[senate]] on whatever matters he brought before it, and the purpose of the meeting was to advise him what to do.<br />
<br />
===''Relatio'' (matter for discussion)===<br />
<br />
The [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] sought the advice of the [[senate]] on a certain matter by making a ''relatio''. To make a ''relatio'' was to outline a particular issue, question, or problem about which the presiding magistrate wished to be advised. It is important to note that a ''relatio'' did not include a proposal for action: it merely outlined the issue for discussion.<br />
<br />
The ''relatio'' itself was always quite brief, and followed a set pattern. It was prefaced with the words:<br />
<br />
:''Quod bonum felixque sit populó Rómánó Quiritium, referimus ad vós, patrés cónscriptí...''<br />
<br />
:(Inasmuch as it may be good and fortunate for the Roman people of the Quirites, we bring before you, conscript fathers...)<br />
<br />
and finished with the words:<br />
<br />
:''Dé eá ré quid fierí placet?''<br />
<br />
:(What does it please you should be done about this matter?)<br />
<br />
A ''relatio'' could be as specific or as general as the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] wished, and could contain as many diverse subjects as he wished. On some occasions, particularly at the first meeting after the new ''[[Consul|consules]]'' entered office, the ''relatio'' might simply be ''infinite de re publica'' (about the republic in general).<br />
<br />
The presiding magistrate might, after making the ''relatio'', simply open the matter to debate; alternatively, he might go on to make a longer speech setting out his own views on the subject and perhaps making one or more specific proposals for the senate to approve or disapprove.<br />
<br />
===Order of business===<br />
<br />
Meetings of the [[senate]] normally began with reports from absent persons such as magistrates away on campaign, or from magistrates recently returned from campaigns abroad, and also with the reception of foreign ambassadors. The person making the report or representation might be asked questions by the senate, but no debate would take place at this stage.<br />
<br />
If some decision needed to be taken about such a report, or if some official answer needed to be given, then it would be for the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] to make a ''[[Senate procedures#Relatio (matter_for_discussion)|relatio]]'' on the subject. This might be done in the presence of the person who had made the report or representation or, if that person was not entitled to participate in the meeting in his own right, he might be asked to leave while the matter was discussed.<br />
<br />
After such reports came the first ''relatio''. Strictly speaking the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] could put forward ''relationes'' in whatever order he pleased, but it was customary for ''relationes'' concerning religious matters to be made first.<br />
<br />
===Procedure ''per discessionem'' and ''per relationem''===<br />
<br />
[[Aulus Gellius|A. Gellius]], 14.7.9, quotes a fragment of the manual of senatorial procedure written in the late republic by [[Marcus Terentius Varro|M. Terentius Varro]]. He says:<br />
<br />
:''[[Senatus consultum|Senátús cónsultum]] fierí duóbus modís: aut per discessiónem, sí cónsentirétur, aut sí rés dubia esset, per singulórum sententiás exquisitás.''<br />
<br />
:(A ''[[senatus consultum]]'' can be made in two ways: either by division, if it be agreed, or, if it be a doubtful matter, by asking the opinion of each.)<br />
<br />
This outlines the two procedures which a [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] could follow after making a [[Senate procedures#Relatio (matter for discussion)|''relatio'']]. If he did not want a general debate, he could immediately make his own proposal and then call for a [[Senate procedures#Discessio|vote]] without discussion. This was the procedure ''per discessionem'' (by division).<br />
<br />
Alternatively the presiding magistrate could invite at least some members of the [[senate]] to state their opinions on the ''relatio'' before calling a vote. This was the procedure ''per singulorum sententias exquisitas'' or ''per relationem''.<br />
<br />
As Varro indicates, the procedure ''per discessionem'' was really suitable only where the issue was uncontroversial. It was more usual to proceed ''per relationem''. Where a presiding magistrate attempted to proceed ''per discessionem'' on a controversial ''relatio'', members of the senate might shout "''consule''" ("consult"). Such a demand did not oblige the presiding magistrate to proceed ''per relationem'', but it would put considerable pressure on him to do so.<br />
<br />
The terms ''per discessionem'' and ''per relationem'' are both misleading, because strictly speaking both procedures involved a ''relatio'' and both procedures involved a ''discessio''; but these were, it seems, the terms used by the Romans themselves, or at least by Varro.<br />
<br />
===Debate===<br />
<br />
Having made his [[Senate procedures#Relatio (matter for discussion)|''relatio'']] and any introductory remarks or proposals he wished to make, the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] would ordinarily open the matter for debate. This was done by calling each member of the [[senate]], in turn, to state his opinion on the matter, as follows.<br />
<br />
====Order of debate====<br />
<br />
When the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] called on members of the [[senate]] to give their opinions on a [[Senate procedures#Relatio (matter for discussion)|''relatio'']], he called them in a strict order of precedence. The order was:<br />
<br />
* [[Consul|''Consules designati'']]<br />
* ''[[Princeps senatus]]''<br />
* [[Dictator|''Dictatorii'']]<br />
* [[Censor|''Censores designati'']]<br />
* [[Censor|''Censorii'']]<br />
* [[Consul|''Consulares'']]<br />
* [[Praetor|''Praetores designati'']]<br />
* [[Praetor|''Praetorii'']]<br />
* [[Aedilis|''Aediles curules designati'']]<br />
* [[Aedilis|''Aedilicii curules'']]<br />
* [[Aedilis|''Aediles plebis designati'']]<br />
* [[Aedilis|''Aedilicii plebis'']]<br />
* [[Tribunus plebis|''Tribuni plebis designati'']]<br />
* [[Tribunus plebis|''Tribunicii plebis'']]<br />
* [[Quaestor|''Quaestores designati'']]<br />
* [[Quaestor|''Quaestorii'']]<br />
* [[Privatus|''Privati'']]<br />
<br />
Within each of those categories, the order was that of the official list of ''senatores'' (the ''album senatorum'').<br />
<br />
In the late republic presiding magistrates occasionally called certain people earlier than their proper place as a mark of special esteem, but this was unusual.<br />
<br />
It will be noticed that current magistrates have no place in this order of debate. This is because current magistrates were not called upon to give their opinion during meetings of the senate. The senate was the advisory body of the presiding magistrate, and the presiding magistrate wished to know the advice of the senate, not the advice of his fellow-magistrates. Current magistrates could, however, speak without being called upon to do so, at any time, subject only to the normal rules of ''[[intercessio]]''.<br />
<br />
====Delivering a ''sententia''====<br />
<br />
The [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] called upon each person by name, saying, for example, "''díc, M. Tullí, quid cénsés''" ("say, M. Tullius, what you think") or simply "''díc, M. Tullí''" ("speak, M. Tullius").<br />
<br />
When called upon, a member of the [[senate]] was obliged to give some indication of his opinion, and if he refused to do so the presiding magistrate might fine him or punish him in some other way.<br />
<br />
He could, however, express his opinion in several ways. First, he could remain seated and state simply that he agreed with a previous speaker: "''Cn. Pompéió adsentior''" ("I agree with Cn. Pompeius"). Secondly, he could get up and sit near a previous speaker with whom he agreed. Thirdly, he could stand up and deliver a speech.<br />
<br />
Once he was on his feet and speaking, a member of the senate could speak not only about the [[Senate procedures#Relatio (matter for discussion)|''relatio'']] but about any subject he wished. He was also entitled to speak for as long as he wished without being stopped (although the presiding magistrate or another magistrate might make a brief interruption to ask a question or challenge a point). The only requirement was that he must, usually at the end of his speech, either make a specific proposal of what should be done about the ''relatio'' or else express his agreement with the proposal of a previous speaker.<br />
<br />
====Responding to a ''sententia''====<br />
<br />
As mentioned [[Senate procedures#Delivering a sententia|above]], a member of the [[senate]] might express his agreement with a previous speaker by getting up and going to sit near that speaker. He might do so not only when called on to give his own opinion but after hearing another speaker make a proposal with which he agreed. Possibly, though it is not explicitly recorded, he might also move away from a speaker to indicate his disapproval of that speaker's view. Thus the conclusion of a speech might be followed by a quite extensive movement of people from one place to another.<br />
<br />
This method of expressing one's opinion seems to have been especially characteristic of the more junior members of the senate. Since members were called on to speak in order of precedence, these junior members rarely had a chance to speak until very late in proceedings, if at all, and moving from one seat to another was therefore their best way to make their views known during the main part of the debate. They were thus sometimes jokingly known as ''pedarii'' (foot-people).<br />
<br />
A speech might also be greeted by cheers, heckles or grumbles. Moreover, senior members of the senate were sometimes allowed to return to the debate to respond briefly to speeches made after they had already spoken. In particular, a speaker who had himself put forward a proposal might wish the reply to a later proposal, whether by briefly restating his adherence to his original view or else by saying that he was changed his view and now supported the new proposal. It was also permitted for a member to speak out of turn in order to reply to a personal attack by another speaker, and this could sometimes lead to a lively exchange of sharp remarks known as an ''altercatio''.<br />
<br />
====The end of debate====<br />
<br />
It is not entirely clear how much discretion the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] had in deciding when to end the debate once it had begun.<br />
<br />
P. Willems ('''''Le Sénat de la République romaine''''', vol. 2 p. 190) considers that the presiding magistrate could call a vote (thus ending the debate) at any time except while a member of the [[senate]] was speaking. This would explain why debate was so obviously dominated by the more senior (and thus earlier) speakers; and it would seem both efficient and logical that, if the presiding magistrate had the power to do without a debate at all (the procedure [[Senate procedures#Procedure per discessionem and per relationem|''per discessionem'']]), he must also have had the power to curtail that debate. However, the procedures of the senate appear to have been constructed around a ''senator'''s right to speak, rather than around logic and efficiency, so this argument is not conclusive.<br />
<br />
On the other hand, M. Bonnefond-Coudry ('''''Le Sénat de la République romaine''''', p. 477), followed by A. Lintott ('''The Constitution of the Roman Republic''', p. 78), contends that once the presiding magistrate had opened debate he was obliged to continue calling for opinions until he had called on every last member present at the meeting, and if there was not enough time for this in a single day then he was obliged to call a new meeting on a subsequent day to continue the debate. This interpretation is supported by references in [[Titus Livius|T. Livius]] and [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|M. Tullius Cicero]] to meetings which went on past sunset and had to be resumed on a subsequent day, but none of these references state explicitly that the meetings overran because the presiding magistrate was obliged to continue to the bitter end; it might equally be that when sunset came there were still members whose advice the presiding magistrate wished to hear, and that he therefore voluntarily chose not to call for a vote on that day.<br />
<br />
The matter remains uncertain, but the former view seems the more likely when one considers that in the late republic meetings of the senate must often have been attended by at least 200 members and, if such meetings could not be concluded until every member's view had been stated, we would surely hear far more examples of meetings running across two or more days than we in fact find in the sources.<br />
<br />
==''Discessio'' (voting)==<br />
<br />
===Proposal===<br />
<br />
When introducing the [[Senate procedures#Relatio (matter for discussion)|''relatio'']], the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] would sometimes put forward a specific proposal for action to be taken by himself and / or other magistrates. If there was debate on the ''relatio'', one or more alternative proposals might be put forward by members of the [[senate]].<br />
<br />
The presiding magistrate had complete freedom in deciding what to do about these proposals. He could put a proposal to a vote exactly as it had originally been suggested, or he could make changes to it, or he could refuse to put it to a vote at all. He could create entirely new proposals which had not been discussed during the debate. He was not, in fact, obliged to put any proposals to a vote at all. Normally, however, at least one proposal would be put to a vote, and it would normally be one which had been discussed during the debate. The presiding magistrate also had freedom to decide in which order he would put proposals to a vote, and the result of one vote might influence his decision about which, if any, proposal to put forward next.<br />
<br />
===Voting in parts===<br />
<br />
The [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] could decide to put a proposal to a vote as a single item or, on the other hand, to split it up into several parts and vote on each part separately.<br />
<br />
If the presiding magistrate attempted to push through an unpopular proposal by including it in a single vote with a number of more popular items, members might protest by shouting "''divide''" ("split it up"). The presiding magistrate was not obliged to do so, but it seems that he would often bow to pressure.<br />
<br />
===Method of voting===<br />
<br />
Voting was always by ''discessio'' (separation). The [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] would speak the proposal and then say:<br />
<br />
:''Quí hoc cénsétis, illuc tránsite; quí alia omnia, in hanc partem.''<br />
<br />
:(Whoever thinks this, go over there; whoever thinks anything else, to this part.)<br />
<br />
At the same time he would indicate where the first group should go, and where the second. Those supporting the proposal would normally be told to go over to the person who had originally made the proposal.<br />
<br />
It will be noted that the two only options were to support the proposal or not to support it. No distinction was made between those who opposed the proposal and those who were indifferent. Abstentions were thus counted as votes against the proposal.<br />
<br />
===Who voted===<br />
<br />
[[Senate procedures#Senatores|''Senatores'']] and [[Senate procedures#Former magistrates|others with the ''ius sententiae'']] participated in the vote, but current magistrates did not vote. This was for the same reason they were not asked for their opinions during the ordinary course of debate: the [[senate]] was asked to give advice to the magistrates, and it was not for the magistrates themselves to be involved in deciding what advice they should be given.<br />
<br />
===Counting===<br />
<br />
Once the voting members had taken up their positions in the two parts of the meeting-place, the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] either counted or simply assessed the relative sizes of the two groups, and then declared:<br />
<br />
:''Haec pars major vidétur.''<br />
<br />
:(This part seems larger.)<br />
<br />
There is no evidence that his count could be challenged in any way. Every now and then, when a result was very close, this may have allowed the presiding magistrate to choose the result he preferred, but social and political pressure must in most cases have been enough to keep presiding magistrates honest in their counting.<br />
<br />
===Outcome of the vote===<br />
<br />
If the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] declared that the number supporting a proposal was greater than the number who did not support it, and if it was not [[Senate procedures#Intercessio (veto)|vetoed]], it would be [[Senate procedures#Drafting|drawn up]] and [[Senate procedures#Filing|filed]] as a ''[[senatus consultum]]''.<br />
<br />
==End of business==<br />
<br />
===Releasing the senate===<br />
<br />
The [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] could continue in the manner described above until he had no further matters he wished the [[senate]] to consider. When he had finished all his business, he would declare:<br />
<br />
:''Senátum nón teneó.''<br />
<br />
:(I do not hold the senate.)<br />
<br />
===Other presiding magistrates===<br />
<br />
When one [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] released the [[senate]], it was open to any other magistrate with the [[Senate procedures#Who might convene the senate|''ius agendi cum senatu'']] to take over the meeting. If more than one magistrate with the ''ius agendi'' was present, the most senior would take precedence.<br />
<br />
The new presiding magistrate could then conduct the meeting in exactly the same way as described above. In principle any number of magistrates could take over the meeting in sequence, until no further magistrates had any business to conduct.<br />
<br />
==''Intercessio'' (veto)==<br />
<br />
As mentioned [[Senate procedures#Obstruction|above]], it was accepted that no one could prevent a magistrate with the [[Senate procedures#Who might convene the senate|''ius agendi cum senatu'']] from convening the [[senate]]. Similarly, no one could prevent the senate itself from convening, or prevent the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] from putting forward a [[Senate procedures#Relatio (matter for discussion)|''relatio'']] or putting a proposal to a vote. Indeed there is no record of ''[[intercessio]]'' being used to obstruct any aspect of the senate's proceedings except the outcome of the vote itself.<br />
<br />
To veto the outcome of a vote, the ''[[tribunus plebis]]'' (for it seems that it was always a ''tribunus plebis'' and never another magistrate) would stand up either during or immediately after the vote and declare:<br />
<br />
:''Intercedo.''<br />
<br />
:(I block it.)<br />
<br />
... or something to that effect.<br />
<br />
A veto would have the effect of preventing a proposal from becoming a ''[[senatus consultum]]'' even if the [[senate]] had voted to approve it. It would in stead become a ''[[senatus auctoritas]]''.<br />
<br />
Nothing prevented a proposal which had been vetoed from being put to a vote again. This was sometimes done during the same meeting, even immediately after the veto, in order to demonstrate the support of the senate and put pressure on the ''tribuni plebis'' to allow the proposal to pass. More often the proposal would be reintroduced after further debate, or at a subsequent meeting after some private negotiations had taken place.<br />
<br />
==After the meeting==<br />
<br />
===Drafting===<br />
<br />
After the meeting, the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]] would draw up the text of the ''[[senatus consulta]]'' and ''[[senatus auctoritates]]'' which had been passed at the meeting. This was often done immediately after the meeting, or else a few hours later; it was always done on the day of the meeting.<br />
<br />
The presiding magistrate would choose as his assistants several members of the [[senate]] who had participated in the meeting, usually including the one who had originally put forward the proposal. In the middle republican period this group would normally comprise only two or three members, but the increasingly complex ''senatus consulta'' of the late republic sometimes required groups of seven or eight, or even up to 12. The members would normally be of various different ranks within the senatorial hierarchy.<br />
<br />
The usual form and wording of a ''senatus consultum'' is described [[Senatus consultum|here]].<br />
<br />
===Filing===<br />
<br />
Once it had been drawn up, the text of a ''[[senatus consultum]]'' or ''[[senatus auctoritas]]'' would be deposited in the ''[[aerarium Saturni]]'' by the [[Senate procedures#The presiding magistrate|presiding magistrate]].<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Law and politics]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Officium_Praetorium_MMDCCLXIVOfficium Praetorium MMDCCLXIV2014-02-07T19:23:24Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix for page move</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|Officina Praetoris MMDCCLXIV}}__NOTOC__<br />
{|cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" align="center"<br />
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[[Image:Praetorbanner2.jpg|800px|center]]<br />
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|width="100%" colspan="2"|{{PortalBox | title=MMDCCLXIV | content=This is the joint office of the Praetores [[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Gnaeus Iulius Caesar]] and [[Marcus Cornelius Gualterus Graecus (Nova Roma)|Marcus Cornelius Gualterus Graecus]] for [[MMDCCLXIV]] a.u.c}}<br />
<p><br />
{{Praetores}}<br />
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{|width="100%"<br />
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|width="30%"|<div style="float:left; border:solid medium #7d26cd;background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:0px; width:152px; text-align:center"><br />
{{CitizenImage|name=Gnaeus Iulius Caesar}}<br/>[[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Gnaeus Iulius Caesar]]<br/>{{albumcivium|id=7228|text=Praetor MMDCCLXIV}}</div><br />
<br />
|width="40%"|<div style="float:center; width:100%">__TOC__</div><br />
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|width="30%"|<div style="float:right; border:solid medium #7d26cd; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:0px; width:152px; text-align:center"><br />
{{CitizenImage|name=Marcus Cornelius Gualterus Graecus}}<br/>[[Marcus Cornelius Gualterus Graecus (Nova Roma)|Marcus Cornelius Gualterus Graecus]]<br/>{{albumcivium|id=3743| text=Praetor MMDCCLXIV}}</div><br />
|}<br />
<br style="clear:both"/><br />
<br />
==Contact== <br />
<br />
* [mailto:gn_iulius_caesar@yahoo.com Email Praetor Cn. Iulius Caesar]<br />
* [mailto:waltms1@yahoo.com Email Praetor M. Cornelius Gualterus Graecus]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Oaths of Office of the Praetores ==<br />
<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82686 Oath of Cn. Iulius Caesar]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82698 Oath of M. Cornelius Gualterus Graecus]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Oaths of Office of all other magistrates {{2011}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Name<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Office<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Date<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Forum message ref<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaius Equitius Cato (Nova Roma)|Gaius Equitius Cato]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Consul <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Jan 1<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82674 82674]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator (Nova Roma)|Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Consul <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Jan 1<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82680 82680]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Quintus Servilius Priscus (Nova Roma)|Quintus Servilius Priscus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Tribune <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Jan 1<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82682 82682]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Aulus Vitellius Celsus (Nova Roma)|Aulus Vitellius Celsus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Aedilis Curulis <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Jan 1<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82684 82684]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Statia Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia (Nova Roma)|Statia Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Aedilis Curulis <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Jan 1<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82693 82693]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Nova Roma)|Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Custos <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Jan 1<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82707 82707]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Publius Memmius Albucius (Nova Roma)|Publius Memmius Albucius]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Censor <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Jan 2<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82717 82717]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaia Valeria Pulchra (Nova Roma)|Gaia Valeria Pulchra ]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Plebeian Aedile <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Jan 3<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82737 82737]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Appia Domitia Taura (Nova Roma)|Appia Domitia Taura]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Quaestor <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Jan 11<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82771 82771]<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Public State Forums under Praetorial jursidiction ==<br />
<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma Nova Roma Forum Romanum]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova_Roma_ Forum Hospitum Novae Romae]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Novaromatribunalis Nova Roma Tribunalis]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NovaRoma-Announce/ Nova Roma Announce list]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Ludi ==<br />
<br />
*[[Ludi_Apollinari_2761_AUC_(Nova_Roma)|Ludi Apollinares]]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Cohors Praetoria ==<br />
<br />
*Quaestor - CnIC: To be appointed<br />
*Quaestor - MCGG: To be appointed <br />
:<br />
*Scriba - CnIC: [[Lucius Cornelius Cicero (Nova Roma)|Lucius Cornelius Cicero]]<br />
*Scriba - CnIC: [[Lucia Iulia Aquila (Nova Roma)|Lucia Iulia Aquila]]<br />
*Scriba - CnIC: [[Decius Iunius Palladius Invictus (Nova Roma)|Decius Iunius Palladius Invictus]]<br />
*Scriba - CnIC: [[Gaia Maria Caeca (Nova Roma)|Gaia Maria Caeca]]<br />
*Scriba - CnIC: [[Gaius Marcius Crispus (Nova Roma)|Gaius Marcius Crispus]]<br />
*Scriba - CnIC: [[Gaius Popillius Laenas (Nova Roma)|Gaius Popillius Laenas]]<br />
*Scriba - CnIC: [[Quintus Suetonius Paulinus (Nova Roma)|Quintus Suetonius Paulinus]]<br />
*Scriba - CnIC: [[Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa (Nova Roma)|Gaius Vipsanius Agrippa]]<br />
*Scriba - MCGG: [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus (Nova Roma)|Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus]]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Edicta of the Praetores ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Number<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Praetor<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Forum message ref<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Subject<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | '''Val.'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Praetorial Edict CnIC 64-01|64-01]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CnIC<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82687 82687]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of scribae<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | '''Val.'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Praetorial Edict MCGG 64-02|64-02]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | MCGG<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82736 82736]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of scriba<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | '''Val.'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Praetorial Edict CnIC MCGG 64-03|64-03]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CnIC MCGG<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82748 82748]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of primus scriba<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | '''Val.'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Praetorial Edict CnIC MCGG 64-04|64-04]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CnIC MCGG<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82757 82757]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Moderation Edict for the Forum Novae Romae (aka Main List or ML)<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | '''Val.'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Praetorial Edict CnIC 64-05|64-05]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CnIC<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/83011 83011]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of scribae<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | '''Val.'''<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Praetorial Edict CnIC 64-06|64-06]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CnIC<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/83024 83024]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Honourable dismissal of scribe<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Edicta of all other Magistrates {{2011}} ==<br />
|-<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Subject<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Magistrate<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Message <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Issued<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Scribae appointment<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CA<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82745 82745]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Jan 7<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Valid<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | EDICTUM CENSORIUM IULIUM MEMMIUM DE SENATORIBUS ADLEGENDIS<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Censors<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82753 82753]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Jan 8<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Valid<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Edictum I - EDICTUM CENSORIS IULII SABINI DE OFFICIO CENSORIS<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Censors<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/82761 82761]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Jan 9<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Valid<br />
|-<br />
<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Album iudicum ==<br />
|-<br />
<br />
The [[Album iudicum (Nova Roma)|Album iudicum]] is a list of all the citizens that can legally judge a case and includes the names of all the assidui citizens that have been citizens of Nova Roma for over a year.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Trials {{2011}} ==<br />
|-<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Actor & Reus <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Date commenced<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |C. Equitus Cato v M. Moravius Piscinus Horatianus <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |TBD<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Suspended<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Other ==<br />
<br />
<br />
*[[Moderation Policy - Forum Hospitum (Nova Roma)|Moderation Policy - Forum Hospitum]]<br />
*[[Praetorial Warning - Forum Hospitum (Nova Roma)|Praetorial Warning - Forum Hospitum]] (Concerning discussion of matters internal to Nova Roma within the forum)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:Magistracies (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLXIV]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Officium_Praetorium_MMDCCLXVOfficium Praetorium MMDCCLXV2014-02-07T19:22:31Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix for page move</p>
<hr />
<div>{{LanguageBar|Officina Praetoris MMDCCLXV}}__NOTOC__<br />
{|cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
:<br />
[[Image:Praetorbanner2.jpg|800px|center]]<br />
:<br />
|width="100%" colspan="2"|{{PortalBox | title=MMDCCLXV | content=This is the joint office of the Praetores [[Gaius Petronius Dexter (Nova Roma)|Gaius Petronius Dexter]] and [[Statia Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia (Nova Roma)|Statia Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia]] for [[MMDCCLXV]] a.u.c}}<br />
<p><br />
{{Praetores}}<br />
<br />
{|width="100%"<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|width="30%"|<div style="float:left; border:solid medium #7d26cd;background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:0px; width:152px; text-align:center"><br />
{{CitizenImage|name=Gaius Petronius Dexter}}<br/>[[Gaius Petronius Dexter (Nova Roma)|Gaius Petronius Dexter]]<br/>{{albumcivium|id=11584|text=Praetor MMDCCLXV}}</div><br />
<br />
|width="40%"|<div style="float:center; width:100%">__TOC__</div><br />
<br />
|width="30%"|<div style="float:right; border:solid medium #7d26cd; background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:0px; width:152px; text-align:center"><br />
{{CitizenImage|name=Raina Cornelia Valeria Iuliana Aeternia}}<br/>[[Statia Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia (Nova Roma)|Statia Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia]]<br/>{{albumcivium|id=409| text=Praetor MMDCCLXV}}</div><br />
|}<br />
<br style="clear:both"/><br />
<br />
<br />
==Contact== <br />
<br />
* [mailto:jfarnoud94@yahoo.fr Email Praetor C. Petronius Dexter]<br />
* [mailto:syrenslullaby@gmail.com Email Praetor Sta. Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Oaths of Office of the Praetores ==<br />
<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86598 Oath of Office C. Petronius Dexter]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86608 Oath of Office Sta. Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Oaths of Office of all other magistrates {{2012}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Name<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Office<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Date<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Forum message ref<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Iulius Caesar]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Consul Maior<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |01/01/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86606 86606]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus (Nova_Roma)|C. Tullius Valerianus Germanicus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Consul <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |01/01/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86625 86625]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Tiberius Galerius Paulinus (Nova Roma)|Ti. Galerius Paulinus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Censor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |01/01/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86618 86618]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Aula Tullia Scholastica (Nova Roma)|A. Tullia Scholastica]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Censor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |01/01/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NovaRoma-Announce/message/2364 2364]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus (Nova Roma)|Cn. Cornelius Lentulus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Rogator<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |01/01/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86600 86600]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Spurius Porcius Gemma (Nova Roma)|Sp. Porcius Gemma]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Quaestor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |01/01/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86599 86599]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaia Maria Caeca (Nova Roma)|C. Maria Caeca]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Curule Aedile <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |02/03/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87089 87089]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Titus Iulius Sabinus (Nova Roma)|Ti. Iulius Sabinus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Custos<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |02/04/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87091 87091]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus (Nova Roma)|Q. Caecilius Metellus Postumianus Pius ]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |Custos<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |02/04/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87093 87093]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Public State Forums under Praetorial jursidiction ==<br />
<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma Nova Roma Forum Romanum]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova_Roma_ Forum Hospitum Novae Romae]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Novaromatribunalis Nova Roma Tribunalis]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NovaRoma-Announce/ Nova Roma Announce list]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Ludi ==<br />
<br />
*[[Ludi_Apollinari_2761_AUC_(Nova_Roma)|Ludi Apollinares]]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Cohors Praetoria ==<br />
<br />
*Quaestor - CPD: To be appointed<br />
*Quaestor - SCVIA: To be appointed <br />
:<br />
*Scriba: [[Gaia Maria Caeca (Nova Roma)|C. Maria Caeca]] <br />
*Scriba: [[Lucia Iulia Aquila (Nova Roma)|L. Iulia Aquila]] <br />
*Scriba: [[Gaius Marcius Crispus (Nova Roma)|C. Marcius Crispus]]<br />
*Scriba: [[Marcus Cornelius Gualterus Graecus (Nova Roma)|M. Cornelius Gualterus Graecus]]<br />
*Scriba: [[Lucius Aelius Trio (Nova Roma)|L. Aelius Trio]] <br />
*Scriba: [[Gaius Aemilius Crassus (Nova Roma)|C. Aemilius Crassus]] <br />
<br />
<br />
== Edicta of the Praetores ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Number<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Praetor<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Forum message ref<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Subject<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |65-01 <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |CPD StCVIA <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86665 86665] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |Moderation Of The Forum Novae Romae <br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |65-02 <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |CPD StCVIA <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova_roma_/message/1287 1287]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |Moderation For The Forum Hospitum<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |65-03<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |CPD StCVIA <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86905 86905]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |Appointment of Praetoris Scribae<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |65-04<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |CPD StCVIA <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87052 87052]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |Appointment of additional Praetoris Scriba<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |65-05<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |CPD StCVIA <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87514 87514]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |Appointment of additional Praetoris Scriba<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Edicta of all other Magistrates {{2012}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Subject<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Magistrate<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Message <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Issued<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Scribe appointments<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Aula Tullia Scholastica (Nova Roma)|A. Tullia Scholastica Censor]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86650 86650 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Viator Appointment<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Vibius Valerius Volusus (Nova Roma)|V. Valerius Volusus Tribune]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/86633 86633 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Accensus Appointment<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Iulius Caesar Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87015 87015 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Honorable dismissal of Viator Tribunorum<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Vibius Valerius Volusus (Nova Roma)|V. Valerius Volusus Tribune]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87051 87051 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of Scribae<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Aula Tullia Scholastica (Nova Roma)|A.Tullia Scholastica Censor]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87065 87065 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of Scribe<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Gaia Maria Caeca (Nova Roma)|C. Maria Caeca Curule Aedile]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87147 87147 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | THE PROCESS FOR CONVERTING CAPITE CENSI CITZENS TO<br />
ASSIDUI CITIZENS<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Iulius Caesar Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87544 87544 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of Scribe<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Gaia Maria Caeca (Nova Roma)|C. Maria Caeca Curule Aedile]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87670 87670 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | COLLECTION OF ANNUAL TAX ARREARS<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Iulius Caesar Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87667 87667 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | APPOINTMENT TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TASK FORCE<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Iulius Caesar Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87675 87675 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | APPOINTMENT TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TASK FORCE<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Iulius Caesar Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/87744 87744 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CONSULAR EDICT ON THE CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Iulius Caesar Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/88880 88880 ML],[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/88881 88881 ML],[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/88907 88907 ML], [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/88914 88914 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Validated candidates<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Iulius Caesar Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/88908 88908 ML],[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/88910 88910 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Album iudicum ==<br />
<br />
The [[Album iudicum (Nova Roma)|Album iudicum]] is a list of all the citizens that can legally judge a case and includes the names of all the assidui citizens that have been citizens of Nova Roma for over a year.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Trials {{2012}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Actor & Reus <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Date commenced<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Other ==<br />
<br />
<br />
*[[Moderation Policy - Forum Hospitum (Nova Roma)|Moderation Policy - Forum Hospitum]]<br />
*[[Praetorial Warning - Forum Hospitum (Nova Roma)|Praetorial Warning - Forum Hospitum]] (Concerning discussion of matters internal to Nova Roma within the forum)<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:Magistracies (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLXV]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Officium_Praetorium_MMDCCLXVIOfficium Praetorium MMDCCLXVI2014-02-07T19:21:17Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix for moved page</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|Officium Praetorium MMDCCLXVI}}__NOTOC__<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Image:Praetorbanner2.jpg|800px|center]]<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{|cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
:<br />
:<br />
|width="100%" colspan="2"|{{PortalBox | title=MMDCCLXVI | content=This is the office of the Praetor [[Gaius Aemilius Crassus (Nova Roma)|Gaius Aemilius Crassus]] for [[MMDCCLXVI]] a.u.c}}<br />
<p><br />
{{Praetores}}<br />
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{|width="100%"<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|width="30%"|<div style="float:left; border:solid medium #7d26cd;background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:0px; width:152px; text-align:center"><br />
{{CitizenImage|name=Gaius Aemilius Crassus}}<br/>[[Gaius Aemilius Crassus (Nova Roma)|Gaius Aemilius Crassus]]<br/>{{albumcivium|id=10832|text=Praetor MMDCCLXV}}</div><br />
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|width="70%"|<div style="float:center; width:100%">__TOC__</div><br />
|}<br />
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<br style="clear:both"/><br />
<br />
<br />
==Contact== <br />
<br />
* [mailto:c.aemilius.crassus@gmail.com Email Praetor C. Aemilius Crassus]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Oaths of Office of the Praetores ==<br />
<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89122 Oath of Office C. Aemilius Crassus]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Oaths of Office of all other magistrates {{2013}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Name<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Office<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Date<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Forum message ref<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Nova Roma)|L. Cornelius Sulla Felix]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Consul Maior<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 1/01/2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89132 89132 ML] , [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89135 89135 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gnaeus Iulius Caesar (Nova Roma)|Cn. Iulius Caesar]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Censor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 1/01/2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89130 89130 ML] , [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89136 89136 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Publius Annaeus Constantinus Placidus (Nova Roma)|P. Annaeus Constantinus Placidus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Aedilis Curulis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 2/01/2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89141 89141 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaia Maria Caeca (Nova Roma)|C. Maria Caeca]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Aedilis Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 1/01/2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89129 89129 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus (Nova Roma)|Cn. Cornelius Lentulus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Quaestor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 1/01/2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89112 89112 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Aulus Iulius Paterculus (Nova Roma)|A. Iulius Paterculus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Quaestor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 2/01/2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89142 89142 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Marcus Pompeius Caninus (Nova Roma)|M. Pompeius Caninus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Tribunus Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 10/12/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/88911 88911 ML] , [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/88912 88912 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaius Quinctius Flaminius (Nova Roma)|C. Quinctius Flaminius]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Tribunus Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 10/12/2765<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/88913 88913 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus (Nova Roma)|C. Tullius Valerianus Germanicus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Tribunus Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 1/01/2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89118 89118 ML]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Public State Forums under Praetorial jursidiction ==<br />
<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma Nova Roma Forum Romanum]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova_Roma_ Forum Hospitum Novae Romae]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Novaromatribunalis Nova Roma Tribunalis]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NovaRoma-Announce/ Nova Roma Announce list]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Ludi ==<br />
<br />
*[[Ludi Apollinares 2766 AUC|Ludi Apollinares]]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Cohors Praetoria ==<br />
*Scriba: [[Statia Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia (Nova Roma)|Statia Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia]]<br />
*Scriba: [[Gaia Maria Caeca (Nova Roma)|C. Maria Caeca]]<br />
*Scriba: [[Gaius Marcius Crispus (Nova Roma)|C. Marcius Crispus]]<br />
*Scriba: [[Quintus Sicinius Proculus (Nova Roma)|Q. Sicinus Proculus]]<br />
<br />
== Edicta of the Praetores ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Number<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Praetor<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Forum message ref<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Subject<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 66-01 <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CAC <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89228 89228 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of Praetoris Scribae<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 66-02 <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CAC <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89259 89259 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Moderation edict for the Forum Novae Romae (aka main list or ML<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 66-03 <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | CAC <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89260 89260 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Moderation edict for the Forum Hospitum (aka FH) <br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Edicta of all other Magistrates {{2013}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Subject<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Magistrate<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Message <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Issued<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of Scribae<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Publius Annaeus Constantinus Placidus (Nova Roma)| Publius Annaeus Constantinus Placidus Aedilis Curulis]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89235 89235 ML] <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | {{Jan 16}} <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | The Process for Converting Capite Censi Citizens to Assidui Citizens<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Nova Roma)| Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89240 89240 ML] <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | {{Jan 17}} <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment to Information Technology Task Force<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Nova Roma)| Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89242 89242 ML] <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | {{Jan 17}} <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Consular Staff Edict<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Nova Roma)| Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89253 89253 ML] <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | {{Jan 17}} <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Collection of Annual Tax Arrears<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Nova Roma)| Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/89256 89256 ML] <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | {{Jan 17}} <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of Scribae<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Nova Roma)| Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/90567 90567 ML] <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | {{Jun 5}} <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Dismissal of Scriba<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Nova Roma)| Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix Consul Maior]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/92080 92080 ML] <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | {{Nov 30}} <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of Scribae<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Tiberius Iulius Nerva (Nova Roma)| Tiberius Iulius Nerva Aedilis Plebis]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma/message/92405 92405 ML] <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | {{Dec 28}} <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Album iudicum ==<br />
<br />
The [[Album iudicum (Nova Roma)|Album iudicum]] is a list of all the citizens that can legally judge a case and includes the names of all the assidui citizens that have been citizens of Nova Roma for over a year.<br />
<br />
<br />
== Trials {{2013}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Actor & Reus <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Date commenced<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br />
== Other ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
{{Jobs-praetors}}<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:Magistracies (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLXVI]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Officium_Praetorium_MMDCCLXVIIOfficium Praetorium MMDCCLXVII2014-02-07T19:19:39Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: fix for moved page</p>
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<div>{{LanguageBar|Officium Praetorium MMDCCLXVII}}__NOTOC__<br />
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<br /><br />
[[Image:Praetorbanner2.jpg|800px|center]]<br />
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{|cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
:<br />
:<br />
|width="100%" colspan="2"|{{PortalBox | title=MMDCCLXVII | content=This is the office of the Praetores [[Publius Annaeus Constantinus Placidus (Nova Roma)|Publius Annaeus Constantinus Placidus]] and [[Marcus Pompeius Caninus (Nova Roma)|Marcus Pompeius Caninus]] for [[MMDCCLXVII]] a.u.c}}<br />
<br /><br />
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{{Praetores}}<br />
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<br /><br />
{|width="100%"<br />
|- valign="top"<br />
|width="30%"|<div style="float:left; border:solid medium #7d26cd;background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:0px; width:152px; text-align:center"><br />
{{CitizenImage|name=Publius Annaeus Constantinus Placidus}}<br/>[[Publius Annaeus Constantinus Placidus (Nova Roma)|Publius Annaeus Constantinus Placidus]]<br/>{{albumcivium|id=10832|text=Praetor MMDCCLXVII}}<br />
</div><br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
|width="30%"|<div style="float:left; border:solid medium #7d26cd;background-color:#f9f9f9; padding:0px; width:152px; text-align:center"><br />
{{CitizenImage|name=Marcus Pompeius Caninus}}<br/>[[Marcus Pompeius Caninus (Nova Roma)|Marcus Pompeius Caninus]]<br/>{{albumcivium|id=10832|text=Praetor MMDCCLXVII}}<br />
</div><br />
<br />
|width="70%"|<div style="float:center; width:100%">__TOC__</div><br />
|}<br />
<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
==Contact== <br />
<br />
*[mailto:ugo.coppola@tin.it Email Praetor P. Annaeus Constantinus Placidus]<br />
*[mailto:caninus@caninus.co Email Praetor M. Pompeius Caninus]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
== Oaths of Office of the Praetores ==<br />
<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92522 Oath of Office P. Annaeus Constantinus Placidus]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92455 Oath of Office M. Pompeius Caninus]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
== Oaths of Office of all other magistrates {{2014}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Name<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Office<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Date<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Forum message ref<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Statia Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia (Nova Roma)|Sta. Cornelia Valeriana Iuliana Aeternia]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Consul Maior<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 01-Jan-2767<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92540 92540 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaius Aemilius Crassus (Nova Roma)|C. Aemilius Crassus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Consul Minor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 01-Jan-2767<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92541 92541 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Nova Roma)|L. Cornelius Sulla Felix]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Censor Minor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 01-Jan-2767<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92523 92523 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Lucius Vitellius Triarius (Nova Roma)|L. Vitellius Triarius]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Aedilis Curulis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 01-Jan-2767<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92524 92524 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Tiberius Iulius Nerva (Nova Roma)|Ti. Iulius Nerva]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Aedilis Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 10-Dec-2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92133 92133 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Aulus Liburnius Hadrianus (Nova Roma)|A. Liburnius Hadrianus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Aedilis Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 22-Dec-2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92376 92376 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaius Decius Laterensis (Nova Roma)|C. Decius Laterensis]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Quaestor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 01-Jan-2767<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92538 92538 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Publius Quinctius Petrus Augustinus (Nova Roma)|P. Quinctius Petrus Augustinus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Quaestor<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 04-Feb-2767<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/93122 93122 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Tiberius Galerius Paulinus (Nova Roma)|Ti. Galerius Paulinus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Tribunus Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 01-Jan-2767<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92462 92462 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Gaius Claudius Quadratus (Nova Roma)|C. Claudius Quadratus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Tribunus Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 10-Dec-2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92130 92130 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Lucius Ulpius Atellus (Nova Roma)|L. Ulpius Atellus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Tribunus Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 10-Dec-2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92131 92131 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus (Nova Roma)|Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Tribunus Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 10-Dec-2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92134 92134 ML]<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |[[Aulus Apollonius Antullus (Nova Roma)|A. Apollonius Antullus]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Tribunus Plebis<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 10-Dec-2766<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/NovaRoma-Announce/conversations/messages/2622 2622 Announce]<br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br />
== Public State Forums under Praetorial jursidiction ==<br />
<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova-Roma Nova Roma Forum Romanum], also known as the Main List<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Nova_Roma_ Forum Hospitum Novae Romae]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Novaromatribunalis Nova Roma Tribunalis]<br />
*[http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NovaRoma-Announce/ Nova Roma Announce list]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br />
== Ludi ==<br />
<br />
*[[Ludi Apollinares 2767 AUC|Ludi Apollinares]]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
== Cohors Praetoria ==<br />
<br />
*Scriba: [[Gaia Maria Caeca (Nova Roma)|C. Maria Caeca]]<br />
*Scriba: [[Gaius Marcius Crispus (Nova Roma)|C. Marcius Crispus]]<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
== Edicta of the Praetores ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Number<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Praetor<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Forum message ref<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Subject<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | 67-01 <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | MPC <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92586 92586 ML]<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Staff Appointments for M. Pompeius Caninus Praetor<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Moderation edict for the Forum Novae Romae (aka main list or ML<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | -<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" | Moderation edict for the Forum Hospitum (aka FH) <br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
== Edicta of all other Magistrates {{2014}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Subject<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Magistrate<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Message <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Issued<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Appointment of Scribae<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [[Lucius Vitellius Triarius (Nova Roma)| L. Vitellius Triarius Aedilis Curulis]]<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | [http://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Nova-Roma/conversations/messages/92527 92527 ML] <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | {{Jan 1}} <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | Active<br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
== Album iudicum ==<br />
<br />
The [[Album iudicum (Nova Roma)]] is a list of all the citizens that can legally judge a case and includes the names of all the assidui citizens that have been citizens of Nova Roma for over a year.<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
== Trials {{2014}} ==<br />
<br />
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Actor & Reus <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Date commenced<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:center;" | Status<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" | <br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |<br />
| style="text-align:center; font-size:10pt;" |<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
== Other ==<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
{{Jobs-praetors}}<br />
<br /><br />
<br /><br />
[[Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:Magistracies (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLXVII]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Album_iudicum_(Nova_Roma)Album iudicum (Nova Roma)2014-02-07T19:18:21Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: moved The Album iudicum (Nova Roma) to Album iudicum (Nova Roma): Nomenclature correction</p>
<hr />
<div>{{LanguageBar|Officina Praetoris MMDCCLXIV}}__NOTOC__<br />
{|cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%" align="center"<br />
|-<br />
:<br />
:<br />
|width="100%" colspan="2"|{{PortalBox | title=Album iudicum | content=*The list of Nova Roman assidui citizens, with over a year of citizenship, that can legally judge a case. The Album is partly based on data contained in [[Nova Roman taxpayers 2763 AUC (Nova Roma)| this record]], together with any updates received since. This data may not be complete. Any citizen who qualifies and whose name is not included in the Album should contact the Praetores through the contacts listed [[Officina Praetoris MMDCCLXIV|here]].<br />
<br><br />
*NB Data is incomplete and the table still being populated}}<br />
{{Praetores}}<br />
<br><br />
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="50%"<br />
|-<br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:left;" | Citizen <br />
! style="background:#FFFFFF; text-align:left;" | Date of citizenship<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=11833 Gaius Aemilius Priscus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2008-04-01 <br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=10832 Gaius Aemilius Crassus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2007-02-17 <br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=2597 Lucia Ambrosia Valeria] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2001-12-07<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=5934 Publius Annaeus Constantinus Placidus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2003-06-01<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=1283 Marca Annia Megas Machinatrix] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2000-11-17<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=12505 Gaius Annius Barbatus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2009-02-25 <br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=2700 Gaius Antonius Germanicus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2001-08-26<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=11866 Gaius Antonius Costa] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2008-04-17 <br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=4527 Gaius Apollonius Agrippa] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2002-08-26<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=4701 Aulus Apollonius Cordus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2002-11-24<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=7340 Quintus Apollonius Iustus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2004-04-24<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=9053 Marcus Apuleius Maritimus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2005-07-24<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=11726 Gaius Aquillius Rota] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2008-02-10<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=10625 Decimus Arminius Brutus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2006-11-23<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=5772 Quintus Arminius Hyacinthus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2003-05-15<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=3135 Tiberius Arminius Hyacinthus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2001-12-17<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=7214 Lucius Arminius Lupercus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2004-03-24<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=53 Marcus Arminius Maior] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2000-07-24<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=1026 Publius Arminius Maior] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2000-08-05<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=1017 Lucius Arminius Metellus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2000-07-30<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=8459 Aula Arria Carina] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2005-01-27<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=10737 Quintus Arrius Nauta] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2007-01-17<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=12698 Numerius Arrius Pictor] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2009-06-07<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=12476 Gaius Atilius Regulus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2009-02-16<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=11949 Gaia Aurelia Ibera] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2008-05-25<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=12087 Gaius Aurelius Pavo] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2008-08-22<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=12550 Decimus Aurelius Rufus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2009-03-19<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=5237 Lucius Aurelius Severus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2003-01-30<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=10290 Gaius Aurelius Vindex] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2006-07-27<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=4031 Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2002-08-01<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=2593 Gaia Cassia] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2001-07-09<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=8026 Marcus Cassius Galenus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2004-10-04<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=5 Marcus Cassius Julianus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |1998-03-01<br />
|-<br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |[http://www.novaroma.org/civitas/album?id=12548 Titus Cassius Longinus] <br />
| style="text-align:left; font-size:10pt;" |2009-03-17<br />
|-<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
|}</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Senatus_consultum_de_ratione_senatus_MMDCCLXV_(Nova_Roma)Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLXV (Nova Roma)2014-02-06T10:44:19Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: formatting</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Category:Senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|2012 {{#time:m|Jan}} {{padleft:31|2|0}}]]<br />
[[Category:MMDCCLXV]]<br />
<br />
__NOTOC__<br />
<div class="scriptum"><br />
'''''SENATUS CONSULTUM DE RATIONE SENATUS MMDCCLXV'''''<br />
<br />
Under the authority of section V.F. of the [[Current constitution (Nova Roma)|Constitution of Nova Roma]], the Senatus Consultum de Ratione Senatus MMDCCLXV is hereby enacted to set forth the rules governing the internal procedures of the Senate.<br />
<br />
==I. DEFINITIONS==<br />
<br />
The definitions below shall be the only meaning applicable to their usage in this Senatus consultum. Any requirement(s), limit(s) or other condition(s) specified within a definition shall have the full legal force of this Senatus Consultum attached to it and therefore compliance with such a requirement(s), limit(s) or other condition(s) shall be mandatory. The absence of a definition in this section shall not be construed as any lack of full legal force of the word or phrase in question. Other sections of this Senatus consultum may also provide definitions for words or phrases not included in this section. Issues over meaning of a phrase or word shall be resolved under section XVIII of this Senatus consultum. Inclusion of quotation marks around a word or phrase and its highlighting in bold type in section I of this Senatus consultum is only for ease of reference to indicate that such a word or phrase is included in section I of this Senatus consultum and no additional or lesser legal force shall be construed from that. Exclusion of quotation marks around a word or phrase and any highlighting in bold type in any section of this Senatus consultum shall not construe any additional or lesser legal force arising from that exclusion, nor shall it be construed that such a word or phrase has a different meaning or definition from an identical occurrence of it in section I of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
* Active agenda item: An item on the agenda that has not been withdrawn.<br />
<br />
* Agenda: The list of items that are initially proposed for debate during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” contained within the “call to convene”, and which may subsequently amended according to the terms of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
* Arbitrate: With or without invitation by all, or by any, of the parties to a dispute or disagreement, make an authoritative decision to resolve such a dispute or disagreement, and to have the authority to compel all the parties to accept and/or comply with that result. Such a resolve shall be a final and absolute result not subject to any appeal.<br />
<br />
* Another magistrate / other magistrate: A magistrate, not being a “member of the senate”, who has been specifically permitted by the “presiding magistrate” to address the Senate during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. This definition includes a curule aedile, a plebeian aedile, a quaestor, any other person elected by one of the comitia, a governor of a Nova Roman province, a provincial magistrate of first to fourth rank, a magistrate of an oppidum or municipium and any person appointed by the Senate to their position. This definition does not include a scribe and accensus, who shall not be permitted to join the “Senate list” unless he/she is also, in addition to that position of scribe or accensus already a “member of the Senate”. The invitation to such “another magistrate” is for one “formal meeting of the Senate in session” only. Such a magistrate is bound by all the restrictions in relation to posting, conduct, and confidentiality within this Senatus Consultum. There must be a clearly established and pressing need for such “other magistrate” to have access to the “Senate list” during the session and the “presiding magistrate” shall explain that need in his/her “call to order”. If in the opinion of the princeps senatus there has been a flagrant abuse of this right of invitation with no such need established, or there was no reason for the need stated in the “call to order”, then such behaviour on the part of the “presiding magistrate” shall be deemed to be “contempt of the Senate”. For the purposes of posting to the “Senate list” during the “debate period”, this “other magistrate” must first obtain either specific permission for each such post, or a standing right of posting for any time during the “debate period”. The standing right applies only to that one “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The choice between specific permission and standing right is at the discretion of the “presiding magistrate”.<br />
<br />
* Both consuls are unavailable/unavailable: When both consuls have indicated, by means of individual messages from each Consul posted to the “Senate list”, that they will be unavailable to receive and send messages to the Senate list for a period of time that includes the entire period of time that the “call to convene” post and the “call to order” post is made by a praetor or the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
* Business of the Senate: The functions, fulfilment of the purposes of and compliance with the lawful duties of the Senate, such functions, purposes and duties being as defined within the “legal code”. Also this includes the management and operation of the “Senate list”.<br />
<br />
* Call for order: A post made by a presiding magistrate for purpose of restoring order to the Senate list, where if in the opinion of the presiding magistrate a post(s) is/are likely to lead to a violation of III.E, either by the member of the Senate or other magistrate posting such or by another member(s) of the Senate or other magistrate, then he/she may issue a post to the Senate list titled “Call for order” in the subject line of that post. He/she may attach such directions in the body of the post as are necessary in his/her opinion to prevent such a violation. Such directions shall not include a stated or implied sanction. The presiding magistrate may issue as many calls for order as he/she deems necessary in relation to any occurrence of such a type of posting, until it is clear that the risk of a violation of III.E has, in his/her opinion, ceased. Should such a call for order not be complied with then it may be deemed to be contempt of the Senate at the discretion of the presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
* Call to close: A post by the presiding magistrate sent to the “Senate list” stating that the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” has concluded. The presiding magistrate may include comments in the “call to close”. The “call to close” must have no other function than notifying the Senate of the close of session. After the “call to close” is posted no further business of the Senate that requires a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” shall be conducted without the issue of a new “call to convene”.<br />
<br />
* Call to convene: A post by the presiding magistrate sent to the “Senate list” stating his/her intent to “call the Senate to order”. This post is the commencement of the process to initiate a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”.<br />
<br />
* Call to order / called to order / call the Senate to order: A post of the presiding magistrate during the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” indicating that Senate is in session. This shall be issued either at or after the time and date when the session first commences as defined in the “call to convene”, or following the expiration of a recess of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. No “business of the Senate” shall be conducted until the “call to order” has been posted. The most recent periods of time allocated to debate and/or voting shall continue to decrease after the time and date of the “call to order”, as specified in the “call to convene”, or after the expiration of a period of recess in the “call to recess”, whether the “call to order” is posted or not. The “call to order” shall also include the most recent “agenda”.<br />
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* Call to recess: A post by the “presiding magistrate” sent to the “Senate list” stating his/her intent to recess the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” until a time and date as specified in that post. The most recent periods of time allocated to debate and/or voting shall cease to decrease after the “call to recess” is posted and no “business of the Senate” that requires a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” shall be conducted until the expiration of the period of recess and the “call to order” is posted.<br />
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* Call to vote: A post by the presiding magistrate on the “Senate list” that initiates the “voting period”. No “voting posts” shall be posted until the “call to vote” is posted.<br />
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* Closed session: A discussion on an “active agenda” item of a confidential nature that automatically invokes the requirement of the tribunes to confer with the Senate as under the requirements of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the [[Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum]]. This requirement shall exist and survive regardless of any superseding, alteration or repeal of, the above sections of/the entire Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum.<br />
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* Collegiately: A state of affairs where two magistrates have to agree to an act, or to a decision, before that act or decision can be legally held to exist.<br />
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* Debate period / period of debate: The period of time in a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” during which the “agenda” is discussed and which must be no less than 96 hours in length. No voting may occur during this period.<br />
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* Deemed: A state of affairs, or a fact, the existence of which is created by provision of this Senatus consultum. Once deemed to exist by this Senatus consultum then that state of affairs, or fact, shall for the purposes of, and within the context of, this Senatus consultum so exist.<br />
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* Disappearance of more than 30 days: Where a magistrate has failed to communicate with his/her colleague, or in a communication venue, for at least 30 days and where no known statement of future absence with a return date specified has been published by the magistrate in a communication venue prior to the 30 day period.<br />
<br />
* Draft Senatus consultum / draft Senatus consultum ultimum: The final version of a proposed Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum that is put to the vote. If passed and then when enacted, such a draft becomes a “legal instrument”.<br />
<br />
* Enacted: When an agenda item has passed then the Senatus consultum, or Senatus consultum ultimum, that was the subject of that “active agenda item” and that was included in the items put to the vote receives the immediate force of law upon the posting of the “official result of the vote”. Also, the posting of a “rule of session” shall cause it to be enacted.<br />
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* Extraordinary majority: When particular items are required by “law” to have a “extraordinary majority” of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative and negative votes (ignoring abstentions), multiplying by the fraction required under the legal code, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
<br />
:For the purposes of this Senatus consultum any requirement for an “extraordinary majority” shall require a majority vote of at least four fifths (4/5ths) of all the “voting members of the Senate” as recorded on the Album senatorum, which can be found here: [[:Category:Senators_(Nova_Roma)]]<br />
:A calculation of 4/5ths that produces a result that includes less than one senator shall be rounded up to next whole number so for example 11.2 as a calculation of 4/5ths becomes 12.<br />
<br />
* Favourable: In the context of the auspices, a result that indicates no reason to delay a proposed “formal meeting of the Senate in session”, based on observations made by the person taking the auspices and where such observations are subject to rules of interpretation enacted by the Collegium augurum.<br />
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* Final authority: On matters relating to the internal procedures of the Senate as defined by this Senatus consultum and “rules of session”.<br />
<br />
* Forbidden / prohibited: A requirement that, in respect of an act, or attempted act, that is “illegal”, places a lawful compulsion, and a lawful requirement for obedience with that compulsion, on the person committing the act, or attempting to do so, to either immediately cease that act and/or rescind that act and reverse and cancel any consequences that flow from it, or if an attempt then not to undertake such an act.<br />
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* Force of law: To be possessed of the proportionate weight of legal authority granted under the Constitution of Nova Roma to an item that is defined as “law”.<br />
<br />
* Formal meeting of the Senate in session / session: The period of time between the time and date of the “call to convene” and the time and date of the “call to close” of a session of the Senate. This period of time is the only time that the “business of the Senate” can be addressed by way of Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum.<br />
<br />
* Grossly inaccurate: The reported summary of a post being so obviously a complete distortion of the actual contents of the post.<br />
<br />
* Holds the rods / hold the rods: A state of affairs deriving from the right to the fasces and in Nova Roma where a consul (or praetor) exercises the exclusive right in respect of his/her colleague of equal rank, to conduct a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” for a set period of time. The set period of time is monthly though by mutual agreement between the consul (or praetor) who does not “hold the rods” and his/her magisterial colleague who does “hold the rods” this may change. Such a change may see the rods transferred on a single session basis, a session-to-session basis, for an entire month or any other arrangement that is agreeable to both colleagues. The senior consul, or the consul elected with most centuries, or in the case of a tie then the oldest, shall “hold the rods” first in the January of the next year following his/her election. A suffect consul shall “hold the rods” as and when his/her predecessor would have held them had he/she remained in office.<br />
<br />
* Inclusive: Includes all “sections” between the first and last quoted, including the first and last themselves.<br />
<br />
* Law: Those items defined as comprising the “legal code” with the exception of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
* Law passed in comitia: A lex.<br />
<br />
* Lawful / legal: A state of affairs in accordance with the requirements of the “legal code” of Nova Roma and/or not contradicting a requirement of the “legal code”, and thus a state of affairs permitted under the “legal code”.<br />
<br />
* Legal code: The Constitution, leges, decreta, Senatus consultum ultima, Senatus consulta and edicta of Nova Roma Inc.<br />
<br />
* Legal instrument: A formal text that is one of those items defined as comprising the “law”.<br />
<br />
* Macronational: Being of the world outside of Nova Roma, excluding that which is of, from and in Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
* Management of Senate business: The administration of the functions, fulfilment of the purposes of and compliance with the lawful duties of the Senate, such functions, purposes and duties being as defined within the “legal code”. The princeps senatus may avail himself/herself of this definition for the purpose of, and reason for, issuing a “call to convene”, when those other magistrates defined as a “presiding magistrate”, excluding those that are Tribunes due to their having only limited legal scope of purpose in respect of a “call to convene”, are unavailable due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, death, resignation from the Senate, renunciation of citizenship, or a “disappearance of more than 30 days”,<br />
<br />
* May: (Not the calendar month) Optional and discretionary.<br />
<br />
* Member(s) of the Senate: Any person appointed to the Senate under III. [[Lex Popillia senatoria (Nova Roma)|Lex Popillia senatoria]] and any person having the right of ius sententiae dicendae under IV. Lex Popillia senatoria, and any person holding the office of a Nova Roman Tribune. All such persons must also be both a current citizen of Nova Roma and be recorded by the Censors as holding assidui status, by virtue of having paid the annual Nova Roman tax. For the purposes of posting to the “Senate list” during the debate period, a Tribune, who is not also a voting member of the Senate, must first obtain either specific permission for each such post, or a standing right of posting for any time during the debate period. The standing right applies only to that one “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The choice between specific permission and standing right is at the discretion of the “presiding magistrate”. A Tribune who is also a “voting member of the Senate” may post without specific permission or standing right.<br />
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* Must / shall: A mandatory requirement. Failure to perform that specified requirement shall render the act attached to the condition illegal.<br />
<br />
* Official: State of being or existence of an object, office, position or other thing that has specific authorization or recognition within the “legal code” as being a formal part of Nova Roma, or which is specifically referred to within the “legal code” as official, authorized, state sponsored, state maintained or any similar phrase.<br />
<br />
* Official result of the vote: The final and validated result(s) of the calculations to determine whether an item(s) put to the vote during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” passed or failed to pass. No Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum shall be enacted until that final and validated result(s) has been posted to the “Senate list”.<br />
<br />
* Passed: Where after a calculation of result of votes cast, such calculation subject to the type of majority required, an item succeeds.<br />
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* Period of the session: The “debate period” or “voting period”<br />
<br />
* Presiding magistrate: The consul, praetor, tribune or the princeps senatus who intends to issue, or issues, or issued the “call to convene”. This term is only ever used in connection with a “formal meeting of the Senate in session”. The presiding magistrate that issued the call to convene must also issue the “call to order”, the “call to vote”, the “call to close” and any “call to recess”. The duties, honors, powers, limits and obligations of any member of the Senate who is a “presiding magistrate” shall be limited to only those as specified in this Senatus consultum.<br />
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* Prohibited day: Any day that the [[Decretum Pontificum de Calendario Perpetuo (Nova Roma)|Decretum Pontificum de Calendario Perpetuo]] decrees as dies nefastus publicus or dies fasti publici or ater dies. It is prohibited and illegal for a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” to take place on any such day.<br />
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* Prorogued: The re-appointment of a person in an official position for a term of office which if not specified shall be either the term as set by the “legal code”, or in the absence of such a provision in the “legal code” shall be for a term equal to the length of the expired term he/she held that office for immediately before the act of prorogation.<br />
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* Restricted day: Any day that the Decretum pontificum de calendario perpetuo decrees as: dies nefasti, annotated as (N), or dies endotercisi, annotated as (EN), quando rex comitiavit fas annotated as (QRCF), or quando stercus delatum fas, (QSTDF or QSDF), or is indicated as religiosus is deemed to be dies nefasti for the purpose of a determining if a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” can be conducted on a particular day.<br />
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* Results of the vote: The preliminary result(s) of the calculations to determine whether an item(s) put to the vote during a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” passed or failed to pass that have yet to be validated.<br />
<br />
* Rule of session: A temporary rule that shall have accorded to it the full force and legal authority of this Senatus consultum, as though it was specifically enshrined within this Senatus consultum, which is enacted solely for the purpose of resolving an issue that is not specifically covered by this Senatus consultum and where such a rule does not conflict or alter or constrain the application of any part of this Senatus consultum. Such a rule shall only be enacted, and only have force and legal authority, for the duration of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” in which it was created and issued. The princeps senatus shall post the “rule of session” to the “Senate list” and upon posting such a rule shall be enacted. A “rule of session” shall not, where a similar issue arises again, be binding by way of precedent upon the princeps senatus, his/her successor, or a person delegated under the terms of this Senatus consultum to act as princeps senatus, but instead shall be considered advice only. A record must be kept in the file section of the Senate list of all such rules issued, indicating the post number, time and date of enactment, content and the name of the princeps senatus enacting such a rule. Such rules may form the basis of subsequent amendments to this Senatus consultum. The expiration of the full force and legal authority of a “rule of session” due to the close of the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” in which it was enacted shall not remove the full force and legal authority that “rule of session” had during that “formal meeting of the Senate in session”.<br />
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* Sanction: A lawful penalty and/or consequence of an act that is unlawful, illegal.<br />
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* Section(s): A section(s) is a part of the Constitution of Nova Roma or any other “legal instrument” that is delineated by the use of combinations of numerals and/or letters as described at XXI.B and XXI.C.<br />
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* Senate list: The electronic meeting place where a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” is held. Currently this is: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SenatusRomanus/<br />
:No other electronic meeting place shall be used for “formal meetings of the Senate in session”, though informal Senate discussion shall be held in such a place. Membership and/or participation in any other place or list, or using any other medium, that is used for informal Senate discussion is discretionary and must not be mandatory for a “member of the Senate”. Informal Senate discussion shall only take place on the Senate list when a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” is not in progress.<br />
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* Senate seal: A condition where all “members of the Senate” and any “other magistrate” are bound by confidentially and shall not report, or discuss, in any way with any other person(s) other than those who are “members of the Senate”, or any “other magistrate” who was present during such discussion, by any medium or means including but not limited to, regular mail, email, posting to lists or message boards, texting, telephone conversations, or in person conversations, the existence, nature and details of the “closed session” agenda item. The “presiding magistrate” invoking the “Senate seal” may specify a time period for which the “Senate seal “is in effect, but in the absence of such the time period is deemed to be in perpetuity or until released from the “Senate seal” conditions by that, or any subsequent, “presiding magistrate”. Such a release must be by means of the “presiding magistrate” releasing the “Senate seal” posting that decision to the “Senate list”. All “members of the Senate” are bound by the invocation of the “Senate seal”, whether they were present for the “formal meeting of the Senate in session” or not when the “Senate seal” was invoked.<br />
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* Senator: Person currently included in the Album senatorum<br />
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* Simple Majority: A “simple majority” is defined as the number of affirmative votes plus the number of negative votes, divided by two, with one added to that result. Abstentions are not counted when determining this number. An equivalent result may be obtained by directly comparing the numbers of affirmative and negative votes, again ignoring abstentions; if the number of affirmative votes exceeds (not merely equals) the number of negative votes, the item has succeeded, and the Senate has voted in favour of the item.<br />
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* Super Majority / special majority: When particular items are required by law to have a “super majority” or “special majority” of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative (yes) and negative (no) votes while ignoring abstentions, multiplying by the fraction required under the “legal code”, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation.<br />
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:For the purposes of a change to the Constitution of Nova Roma and as required by I.D of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the type of majority required shall be described in this Senatus consultum as a “super majority” or “special majority”. For the purposes of I.D of the Constitution of Nova Roma the fraction required is a majority vote of at least two thirds (2/3rds) of all the “voting members of the Senate” as recorded on the Album senatorum, which can be found here: [[:Category:Senators_(Nova_Roma)]]<br />
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:A calculation of 2/3rds that produces a result that includes less than one senator shall be rounded up to next whole number so for example 10.777 as a calculation of 2/3rds becomes 11.<br />
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* Terms of Service / ToS: The combination of:<br />
**the contents of the general Terms of Service (ToS) of Yahoo! Inc that can be located here: http://info.yahoo.com/legal/us/yahoo/utos/utos-173.html<br />
**and the contents Yahoo! Inc. Groups Guidelines that can be located here: http://groups.yahoo.com/local/guidelines.html<br />
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* Unfavourable: In the context of the auspices, a result that indicates a reason to delay a proposed “formal meeting of the Senate in session”, based on observations made by the person taking the auspices and where such observations are subject to rules of interpretation enacted by the Collegium augurum.<br />
<br />
* Unlawful / illegal: A state of affairs or act in not in accordance with the requirements of the “legal code” and/or contradicting a requirement of the “legal code”, and thus a state of affairs or act not permitted under the “legal code”. A person is not required to comply or obey with the intent or consequences of such a state of affairs or act<br />
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* Voting member(s) of the Senate: Any person appointed to the Senate under III. Lex Popillia senatoria and any person having the right of ius sententiae dicendae under IV.A or IV.C Lex Popillia senatoria, excluding at IV.C Lex Popillia senatoria a Tribune, and any person holding the office of Tribune who is also a person appointed to the Senate under III. Lex Popillia senatoria, or any person holding the office of Tribune who also holds a right to vote in the Senate granted by the Lex Popillia. A Tribune not being a Senator or who does not also hold a right to vote in the Senate granted by the Lex Popillia senatoria cannot vote in the Senate, and shall not be defined as a “voting member of the Senate”, as prohibited from doing so by IV.A Lex Popillia senatoria and/or by this definition of “voting member of the Senate, by right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma. A “voting member of the Senate” shall have the right to post to the “Senate list” without asking prior permission to do so, unless he/she is subject to a lawful sanction, lawfully imposed under any section of this Senatus consultum concerning such sanction(s).<br />
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* Voting period / period of voting: The period of time in a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” during which the “voting members of the Senate” cast their votes. That period must be no less than 48 hours in length and no greater than 96 hours in length. No debate shall take place during this period, except as permitted under VII.G.7.<br />
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* Voting posts: The posts made by “voting members of the Senate” by which mechanism those members register a vote according to the requirements of VII.G on items presented to the vote.<br />
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* Withdrawal / withdrawn: Removing an item from the agenda of a “formal meeting of the Senate in session” and thus removing the right of a “member of the Senate” or “other magistrate” to post further on that item after the time and date of removal, and removing the right of a “voting member of the Senate” to vote on that item.<br />
<br />
==II. INFORMAL SENATE DISCUSSION==<br />
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A. Any member of the Senate may, at his/her discretion, when a formal meeting of the Senate in session is not being held, introduce any topic for discussion by sharing it with the rest of the Senate by means of posting to the Senate list.<br />
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B. No call to convene, call to order, or call to close is required to start or end an informal Senate discussion. A vote may not take place nor any Senatus Consultum or Senatus Consultum Ultimum be enacted during informal Senate discussion.<br />
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C. Members of the Senate remain bound by the requirements of XII.E. Moderation of posting rights shall not occur during informal Senate discussion, unless in the opinion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, that such discussion has resulted in a violation of XII.E, in which case the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, must:<br />
<br />
:1. Post a requirement to the Senate list for the member of the Senate who, in his/her or their opinion, violated XII.E to cease posting. A period of time maybe requested, but not imposed, during which the member of the Senate should desist from posting. At the expiration of such time, which must be no greater than 4 hours, the member of the Senate can post freely without further sanction, provided he/she does not further violate XII.E.<br />
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:2. Should that member of the Senate fail and/or refuse to comply with the direction to cease posting and continue posting in a manner that in the opinion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors has, or is likely to, lead to a breach of XII.E, then that member of the Senate may have his/her posting rights set to a moderated status requiring approval of posts.<br />
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:3. Such moderated status at II.C.2 must last no longer than 24 hours and at the expiration of that period the moderated status must be removed.<br />
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:4. Should the period of moderated status at II.C.2 still be in force after a call to order is posted, then that moderated status must be immediately removed to allow the member of the Senate to participate in the session.<br />
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:5. Moderated status removed as at II.C.4 prior to its expiration will not be re-imposed for the remaining balance of the 24 hours after the call to close is posted, unless the member of the Senate continued, in the opinion of the princeps senatus, to violate XII.E during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
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:6. The re-imposition of the remaining balance at II.C.5 is not affected by the removal of any moderated status imposed during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
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:7. If a member of the Senate commits numerous violations in separate posts before moderation of posting rights is imposed, the period of moderation shall still be no longer than 24 hours.<br />
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:8. Repeated violations of XII.E resulting in a combined total of 72 hours of moderated status in any five day consecutive period may result, notwithstanding II.C.3 and II.C.7, in moderated status being continuously imposed until the next call to order of the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. An imposition of this continuous moderation is at the discretion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors. At such a call to order the moderated status must be removed. After the call to close, the decision whether to re-impose moderated status is at the discretion of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors and may be based on the behaviour / posts of that moderated member of the Senate during the formal meeting of the Senate in session. Removal of continuous moderated status before any set maximum number of hours is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
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:9. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the first time in any 365 day period must in no cases last longer than a maximum of 720 hours, excluding the total periods of time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session during that first occurrence of continuous moderation.<br />
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:10. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the second time in any 365 day period must in no cases last longer than a maximum of 2160 hours, excluding the total periods of time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session during that first occurrence of continuous moderation.<br />
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:11. Moderated status imposed at II.C.8 for the third time in any 365 day period shall result in continuous moderation with no limit, the removal of which is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
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:12. If after release from such a third time of moderation at II.C.8, the member of the Senate is subject to a further period of moderation of any length, whether imposed during an informal Senate discussion period or during session, within 6 months since the date of release from the third time of moderation at II.C.8, the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, may impose continuous moderation with no limit during informal Senate discussion periods. Removal of such continuous moderation is at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
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:13. Regardless of the length of moderated status, either set or until removal, this moderated status only applies to informal Senate discussion periods. Any member of the Senate so moderated must be released temporarily from that moderated status for the time between the call to order and the call to close of any formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
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:14. A member of the Senate subject to moderation imposed during informal Senate discussion periods is still bound by the requirements on members of the Senate during formal meetings of the Senate in session, and no such moderation can exonerate or indemnify him/her from further sanctions that may be imposed on him/her as a result of any violations of behaviour during formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
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:15. Hours of moderation imposed during session do not subtract from, or add to, any total of moderated hours a member of the Senate is subject to during informal Senate discussion periods.<br />
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:16. Release from a period of moderation imposed during informal Senate discussion periods, either by the expiration of the period of moderation or by decision of the princeps senatus, or in his/her absence the Censors, does not imply or result in the alteration, suspension or termination of any sanctions imposed as a result of behavioural infractions during formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
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D. No person other than a member of the Senate shall participate in informal Senate discussion, nor shall be added to the Senate list during such a period.<br />
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E. During informal Senate discussion a Tribune(s) must not be subject to any requirement to obtain permission from any member of the Senate prior to posting to the Senate list, nor must any other conditions, other than those applicable to all members of the Senate as specified within this Senatus Consultum, be imposed or applied to a Tribune(s).<br />
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F. The rights of reporting at VI.B.1 to VI.B.4 inclusive do not apply to informal Senate discussion periods and such reporting during these periods is forbidden.<br />
<br />
==III. PRESIDING MAGISTRATE==<br />
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A. A consul may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose.<br />
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B. A praetor may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose, but only if both consuls are unavailable.<br />
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C. A Tribune may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session only in order to ask the Senate's advice on any subject that is clearly within the scope of his or her constitutionally mandated concerns.<br />
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:1. The Tribune must clearly state in the call to convene the subject that he/she seeks advice on together with any relevant sections of the legal code that is the subject of advice sought, or which the Tribune will reference in any way during the formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
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:2. Any failure to comply with III.C.1 above shall be deemed to be an automatic termination of the call to convene and deemed contempt of the Senate.<br />
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:3. The Tribune must not deviate from, alter, or add to, the content of the call to convene at any time and any deviation, alteration or addition shall be deemed to be illegal and an automatic termination of the formal meeting of the Senate in session and deemed contempt of the Senate. The only item(s) that the Tribune shall present to the Senate during the voting period is/are that one/those contained within the call to convene.<br />
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:4. In any formal meeting of the Senate in session where a Tribune is the presiding magistrate, no Senatus Consultum Ultimum can be enacted and any such attempt to do so shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate. The only lawfully permitted content of any draft Senatus Consultum put to the vote during such a session is in the form of advice and the content must state: “The advice of the Senate of Nova Roma is as follows”. Such a Senatus Consultum must also state at the end of the advice “This advice is non-binding and is not, and shall not be interpreted as, a direction, order or command of the Senate of Nova Roma.”<br />
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:5. A Tribune who is the presiding magistrate must not recess a formal meeting of the Senate in session, except for the reasons specified at XIII.A.<br />
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:6. A Tribune who is the presiding magistrate must not put to the vote a draft Senatus consultum as at III.C.4 the content of which seeks to interpret, define or offer advice on this Senatus consultum or any part of it thereof. Any such act shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
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:D. The princeps senatus may issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session for any purpose connected with the procedures of the Senate, conduct of members of the Senate or management of Senate business.<br />
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:E. The presiding magistrate may require, by means of a call for order, a member of the Senate, or other magistrate, to cease his/her posting, but that requirement must only be when such posting:<br />
<br />
::1. Violates XII.E.<br />
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::2. Is not concerned with any item on the agenda currently under debate.<br />
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::3. Causes a disruption in the proceedings of the formal meeting of the Senate in session and/or the business of the Senate, and/or the period of the session.<br />
<br />
:If the member of the Senate, or other magistrate, fails and/or refuses to comply with the direction of the presiding magistrate to cease posting in the call for order, and where such posts continue to violate any or all of the sections III.E.1 to III.E.3 inclusive, then that member of the Senate, or other magistrate, may have his/her posting rights set to a moderated status requiring approval of posts, but only where such continued posting if unchecked, in the opinion of the presiding magistrate and the princeps senatus, would result in extreme disruption to and/or abandonment of, the session. Where a member of the Senate is placed on moderation that shall also be deemed contempt of the Senate. Ratification of such moderated status is required by the means specified at IX.A.2 during the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. Should such ratification not occur within 60 days from the date of suspension, then that moderated status is deemed cancelled and the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the Censors, shall ensure that the member of the Senate subject to such moderated status has his/her membership of the Senate list reinstated. Additionally if any other magistrate fails and/or refuses to comply with the direction of the presiding magistrate in the call for order to cease posting, then that other magistrate may be removed from the Senate list by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:4. Only the presiding magistrate or the princeps senatus may approve a post from a member of the Senate on moderated status.<br />
<br />
:5. Such a post at III.E.4 must not be rejected in lieu of approval, except in cases of a clear and obvious breach of XII.E or such a post deleted after approval. Such a post must be left pending approval.<br />
<br />
:6. Such a post pending approval must be approved and released for publication to the Senate list as soon as is reasonably practicable after the call to close has been posted. The definition of “reasonably practicable” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:7. Such an approval at III.E.6 does not imply approval of the contents and does not indemnify the member of the Senate from any consequences arising from the content. The presiding magistrate or princeps senatus approving such a post are indemnified from any sanction that may be applied under the provisions of this Senatus Consultum if such a post is found to constitute contempt of the Senate, or any other provision that results in a sanction being applied.<br />
<br />
:8. The exception to the approval of such a post at III.E.7 shall be in circumstances where there is a clear and obvious breach of XII.E, in which case the post must be rejected and a post made to the Senate list stating the name of the poster and the fact that the post had been rejected for a breach of XII.E. In justifying such rejection no part of the rejected post shall be quoted verbatim, but may be summarized in a manner that does not breach XII.E. Verbatim reposting shall be a breach of XII.E.<br />
<br />
:9. No indemnification at III.E.8 exists if quoted verbatim or the summary at breaches XII.E, but the member of the Senate on moderated status who originally authored the post shall not himself/herself be subject to a sanction based on either the verbatim quote or the summary. The responsibility in such a case for a breach of XII.E rests solely with the approver of the post.<br />
<br />
F. The presiding magistrate may not delegate or share his role or functions, or part thereof, at any time, but may permit another member of the Senate to introduce an item on the agenda and post his/her opinion on it.<br />
<br />
G. The presiding magistrate must observe the following consecutive sequence of events in the below order during a formal meeting of the Senate in session:<br />
<br />
:1. Call to convene<br />
<br />
:2. Call to order<br />
<br />
:3. Call to vote<br />
<br />
:4. Call to close<br />
<br />
As an exception to the above consecutive sequence, the call to order must also be issued after the expiration of the period of time specified in a call to recess.<br />
<br />
H. A Consul, or if both Consuls are unavailable a Praetor, who is presiding magistrate must ensure that a formal meeting of the Senate in session does not extend into a period when his/her colleague holds the rods:<br />
<br />
:1. Without first obtaining permission from his/her colleague prior to issuing the call to convene,<br />
<br />
:2. Or if the overlap occurs during the session then the presiding magistrate must obtain the permission from his/her colleague fast as is reasonably practicable.<br />
<br />
:3. The definition of “reasonably practicable” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:4. If his/her colleague refuses permission, at III.H.1 or III.H.2 then the presiding magistrate shall either:<br />
<br />
::a. Shorten any period of the session, but not below that permitted as a minimum by this Senatus Consultum, to prevent or correct any such extension, or<br />
<br />
::b. Issue the call to close on no later than the last day he/she holds the rods, provided that last day is one that the Senate is permitted to hold a session on subject to that last day not being one prohibited by XIII.A.<br />
<br />
:5. If the extension occurs as a result of proposing to increase the vote period and the vote period has not commenced, the length of vote period automatically remain as it was prior to the increase.<br />
<br />
:6. If the vote period is already underway when the extension is identified and brought to the attention of the Senate, or is not brought to the attention of the Senate, then the vote period shall continue regardless of the fact that it extends into the period the colleague of the presiding magistrate holds the rods.<br />
<br />
==IV. CONVENING THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. In order to commence a lawful formal meeting of the Senate in session a call to convene must be issued by only one presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
B. A call to order cannot be made until 24 hours have elapsed after the call to convene was issued.<br />
<br />
C. The presiding magistrate may also send the call to convene post to any other list at his/her discretion.<br />
<br />
D. In cases of discrepancy of content between the call to convene post made to the Senate list and one or more call to convene post(s) made to any other list, the call to convene post to the Senate list shall be considered the definitive and only legal call to convene.<br />
<br />
E. An initial agenda must be included in the call to convene detailing the items to be discussed. Substantive details are not required, but may be included by the presiding magistrate, but sufficient detail must be included such that members of the Senate can reasonably be expected to understand the general nature of the topic of each and every agenda item. The definition of “reasonably expected” is as defined by the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
F. The call to convene post must specify the time and date when the Senate will be called to order, the times and dates of the commencement and end of the debate period, and times and dates of the of the commencement and end of the voting period.<br />
<br />
G. The length of the debate period specified for all the items on the agenda, within the call to convene, must be a minimum of 96 hours.<br />
<br />
:1. If there is more than one item on the agenda, none of these items can have any individual times/dates of commencement/end of debate applied to them. Debate on all items on the agenda is to be simultaneous during the debate period.<br />
<br />
:2. The exception to IV.G.1 is a cultus or religio item(s) described at XIII.B, which must be placed first on the agenda. Where there is more than one such items then debate on them must comply with the conditions at IV.G.1.<br />
<br />
:3. Where there are more than one such cultus or religio XIII.B items at IV.G.2, they must be allocated, as a block of items, a minimum of 96 hours of debate, and the end time and date of the debate period on such block of cultus or religio XIII.B items must be specified in the agenda.<br />
<br />
:4. All other civil agenda items must then be allocated, as a block of items, a separate minimum of 96 hours that must follow the items specified at IV.G.2 and debate on such civil items must comply with the conditions at IV.G.1. The end time and date of the debate period on such block of XIII.B civil items must be specified.<br />
<br />
H. A call to convene must be made by only one presiding magistrate, who must not act jointly with any other member(s) of the Senate, whether any such other(s) are defined as a presiding magistrate or not.<br />
<br />
I. If after the call to convene is posted, but before the call to order is issued, the presiding magistrate wishes to cancel that formal meeting of the Senate in session, then he/she must do so by way of a post to the Senate list, with a subject heading “Formal meeting of the Senate in session cancelled”, stating in the body of the post the reason(s) for such cancellation.<br />
<br />
==V. PRESENTING AGENDA ITEMS TO THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. The presiding magistrate must post the call to order to commence the formal meeting of the Senate in session and must present to the Senate one or more matters on the agenda for debate.<br />
<br />
B. The presiding magistrate may introduce items to the agenda other than those listed in the call to convene. These maybe his/her items or he/she may accept items from a member of the Senate or another magistrate.<br />
<br />
C. Any new item(s) to the agenda may be included at any time between when the call to convene is issued and the commencement of the voting period. If its inclusion on the agenda occurs after the call to order, then 96 hours must be allowed for debate on that new item, with that 96 hours commencing from the time and date of its inclusion on the agenda. The debate period will need to be increased after such an inclusion after the call to order, but such increase is subject to the permitted maximum number of hours for debate at VI.A.4.a and if the inclusion of the item would exceed that permitted maximum, then the item shall not be included.<br />
<br />
==VI. DEBATE, REPORTING, PROXY AND CLOSE==<br />
<br />
A. After the call to order, members of the Senate may offer their opinions on any item on the agenda presented by the presiding magistrate in the call to order by means of a post to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:1. The debate shall include members of the Senate and any other magistrate.<br />
<br />
:2. There shall be no limit on the text length of such opinions.<br />
<br />
:3. The presiding magistrate may at his/her discretion extend the period of debate, and may shorten it, but a reduction in the debate period must never reduce the number of hours allotted for debate from the number specified in the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:4. The number of hours allocated by the presiding magistrate to the debate period must always be between a minimum of 96 hours, or the number of hours set in the call to convene whichever is greater, and a maximum of 288 hours.<br />
<br />
::a. Amendments to the debate period at the time of, or after the call to order, shall never result in the debate period exceeding 288 hours.<br />
<br />
::b. The addition of the number of hours of debate at IV.G.3 and the number of hours of debate at IV.G.4 must never exceed the maximum of 288 hours.<br />
<br />
B. In addition to the provisions of the [[Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum]], the Tribunes may, at their discretion collectively or individually, keep the citizens informed as to the progress and content of the debate period. The format for informing the citizens between these periods must be as follows:<br />
<br />
:1. Full verbatim transcripts of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on.<br />
<br />
:2. Partial transcripts of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on, with a summation of the parts of that post not recorded as verbatim transcript.<br />
<br />
:3. A summation of any/all post(s) of any member of the Senate or other magistrate made to the Senate list during the formal meeting of the Senate that the Tribune is reporting on.<br />
<br />
:4. Any mix of VI.B.1, VI.B.2) or VI.B.3 above during the formal meeting of the Senate in session that the Tribune is reporting on. Such a mix is at the discretion of the Tribune reporting.<br />
<br />
C. The right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive is a privilege the Senate grants to the Tribunes in addition to those rights under the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum.<br />
<br />
:1. Any departure from, or abuse of, the process at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, including but not limited to, inaccurate or false reporting of verbatim transcripts and/or grossly inaccurate summations may, at the discretion of the Consuls, lead to a revocation of the privileges granted, at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, to the Tribune responsible, for a period of time at the discretion of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:2. The presiding officer may not alter, suspend or cancel the right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 inclusive, except under the conditions and terms of this Senatus Consultum.<br />
<br />
D. If an agenda item concerns an item which is the presiding magistrate determines is of a confidential nature, he/she may:<br />
<br />
:1. Declare the Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
:2. Declare that the Senate seal is active and in effect for that item.<br />
:Declaration that the Senate seal is active automatically invokes closed session for that item. Such a determination by the presiding officer to invoke closed session and/or Senate seal requires the consent of the princeps senatus. If the consent of the princeps senatus is not granted, the senate is deemed not to be in closed session and/or Senate seal is not invoked.<br />
<br />
:In respect of reporting the business of the Senate under the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum, or under the right of reporting at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4, where the Senate seal is active in respect of an agenda item, the Tribunes shall report only “A confidential item was discussed”. Reporting such an agenda item using any other text, by way of description, explanation or other purpose, will constitute contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
E. Debate is only to be conducted by posts to the Senate list. The requirements of IV.G.1 apply throughout the debate period. Each member of the Senate:<br />
<br />
:1. Shall be able to post an opinion on any active agenda item that the presiding magistrate has put to the Senate to debate. Such a right to post shall be for a minimum of 96 hours and a maximum number of hours as defined in the agenda as presented to the Senate during the call to order, or as defined by the most recent amendment by the presiding magistrate to that maximum number of hours for debate.<br />
<br />
:2. Shall not commence, or continue, debate on an item that has been withdrawn by the presiding magistrate.<br />
<br />
:3. Shall be assumed to have abrogated his/her right to post an opinion as at VI.E.1 if he/she has failed to post at the expiry of the maximum number of hours for debate. Such a failure shall not be considered a waiver of the right to vote.<br />
<br />
F. Any voting member of the Senate who will be unable to vote during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, may between the time and date of the call to convene the Senate up to the call to vote give his proxy vote to another voting member of the Senate. In order for such a grant of a proxy vote to be considered valid and legal the voting member of the Senate who will be unable to vote must:<br />
<br />
:1. Send a post to the Senate list. This must be at least 24 hours before the time and date of the call to order, such time and date as specified in the call to convene. This post must state the reason he/she is unable to have access to the Senate list at the time and date of the voting stage, such time and date as specified in the call to convene.<br />
<br />
:2. Specify whom his/her proxy is granted to. The person receiving the grant of his/her proxy vote must be a voting member of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:3. Specify any directions on how he/she wishes his/her proxy vote used in respect of the agenda items known at the time of his posting at VI.F.1. This is discretionary and there is no obligation to specify any directions, but if none are specified the voting member of the Senate receiving the grant of the proxy vote is entitled to vote how he/she wishes using the proxy vote. If directions are included they must be followed and any deviation from them will render the vote on the agenda item(s) subject of the deviation invalid, and counted as an abstention.<br />
<br />
:4. The presiding magistrate for the formal meeting of the Senate in session for which a grant of a proxy vote is made has no power to alter, impede, refuse or terminate such a grant in any way.<br />
<br />
:5. If a member of the Senate will be absent and unable to attend any known or future meetings of the due to any reason for a known period of time, he/she may issue a standing grant of a proxy vote to one or more members of the Senate. The process to be followed for such a standing grant to be considered legal is:<br />
<br />
::a. The process at VI.F.1 must be complied with.<br />
<br />
::b. In the post to the Senate list the voting member of the Senate shall grant his/her proxy to either:<br />
<br />
:::i. One voting member of the Senate for the whole period of absence.<br />
<br />
:::ii. Two or more voting members of the Senate for specified time, giving the start and end dates of such a grant.<br />
<br />
:::iii. Two or more voting members of the Senate with no specific start and end dates for the grant to each of them, but by ranking them in order of precedence, numbering them (1) onwards, (1) being the highest in ranking. If there is a formal meeting of the Senate in session during the period of the grant of the proxy, the presiding magistrate for that session shall post to the Senate list requiring all those on the absent voting member of the Senate’s proxy list, to identify themselves as present. He shall then assign the proxy to the highest ranked choice present.<br />
<br />
::c. That absent voting member can specify directions, as at VI.F.3, for any known agenda for a formal meeting of the Senate in session that call to convene the Senate has been issued for prior to the posting of his/her standing proxy grant and which falls within the period of the grant at either VI.F.5.b.i to VI.F.5.b.iii inclusive. Any such directions issued, apply to all recipients of the grant of the proxy and they are bound as under VI.F.3 to follow such directions. Failure to do so shall be dealt with as at VI.F.3.<br />
<br />
::d. If no such call at VI.F.5.iii has been issued then the recipient(s) of the grant of the proxy is entitled to vote how he/she wishes using the proxy vote.<br />
<br />
==VII. VOTING PERIOD==<br />
<br />
A. After the minimum of 96 hours of debate on an agenda has elapsed, that item is eligible to be put to the vote. The call to vote must specify all those items that, having first been subject to the minimum of 96 hours, are to be put to the vote in one vote period during that formal meeting of the Senate in session. Multiple vote periods, whether overlapping or consecutive, are illegal except as allowed for at XVI.P and XVI.Q.<br />
<br />
B. The presiding magistrate may present none, any or all of the items on the initial agenda, or which were added to the agenda subsequently, to a vote. The agenda presented to the Senate cannot be altered once the voting period has commenced. If the vote required for an agenda item to be passed is not calculated on a simple majority, then the presiding magistrate shall indicate the majority required against that specific item contained in the agenda items submitted to the vote.<br />
<br />
C. The presiding magistrate may at his/her discretion extend the period of voting, but may not shorten it, from the period specified in the call to convene. The period of voting may only be extended to a maximum of 96 hours. If the presiding officer issues no post to the Senate list indicating that he/she is extending the voting period, then the length of time of that period shall be the period specified in the call to convene the Senate. Once the voting period has commenced no alteration to its length, either shorter or greater, shall be considered legal and the period shall remain unchanged from that length of the voting period last posted to the Senate prior to the voting period commencing.<br />
<br />
D. Voting shall only be conducted on the Senate list by means of voting members of the Senate posting to the Senate list. The subject line of that post must identify that it is a vote and may include which votingmember of the Senate it is from.<br />
<br />
E. Matters being voted on shall be decided by majority vote unless mandated otherwise.<br />
<br />
F. Should the voting period elapse, any voting member of the Senate that has yet to vote shall be assumed to have abrogated his/her right to vote.<br />
<br />
G. On items that are presented for to the senate during the voting period for approval, a voting member of the Senate may either vote or abstain from voting as follows:<br />
<br />
:1. An AFFIRMATIVE vote is registered by a voting member of the Senate stating in his/her post "YES", "UTI ROGAS", or another clearly synonymous phrase of support in respect of an agenda item.<br />
<br />
:2. A NEGATIVE vote is registered by a voting member of the Senate stating in his/her post "NO", "ANTIQUO", or another clearly synonymous phrase of opposition in respect of an agenda item.<br />
<br />
:3. An ABSTENTION is expressed with a voting member of the Senate’s stating in his/her post "ABSTINEO", "I ABSTAIN" or another clearly synonymous phrase of abstention in respect of an agenda item. Abstentions are not considered to be votes, and are not counted when calculating the number required for a majority. Abstentions do not diminish the number of Senators considered present when determining whether a quorum is achieved.<br />
<br />
:4. VII.G.7.1 to VII.G.7.3 inclusive may include supporting comments to explain the reason why the voting member of the Senate cast his vote in manner he/she did. There shall be no limit on the text length of such comments.<br />
<br />
:5. Except where otherwise stated, a Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum is passed and enacted when the number of affirmative votes (as described above) equals or exceeds the number required for a "simple majority".<br />
<br />
:6. The voting period may begin at sunrise in Rome on the first day of the voting period and may end at sunset in Rome on the last day of the voting period, or may be set to sunrise and sunset in the time zone in which the presiding magistrate is resident.<br />
<br />
:7. During the voting period members of the Senate must not continue discussion on the agenda items put to the vote. In cases of exceptional urgency a member of the Senate may request permission, by private email, and not on the Senate list, from the presiding magistrate to bring a new item to the attention of the Senate. This shall be treated as an item for information and discussion only and must not be included in the items to be voted upon.<br />
<br />
:8. Any agenda item presented to the Senate for the vote must be in one of the following categories:<br />
<br />
::a. Draft Senatus Consultum<br />
<br />
::b. Draft Senatus Consultum Ultimum<br />
<br />
:9. All positions and/or offices that the Senate is authorized by the legal code to appoint persons to must:<br />
<br />
==VIII. RECESS AND CLOSE OF SESSION==<br />
<br />
A. Once the voting period has elapsed the presiding magistrate shall calculate and post to the Senate list no later than 48 hours after the expiration of that period, the results of the vote by referring to the voting posts and calculating the results for each item voted upon.<br />
<br />
B. The Tribunes shall either challenge or validate the result based on their own calculations. They shall select, by whatever means they wish, one of the Tribunes to post to the Senate list no later than 24 hours after the presiding magistrate posts his/her calculations of the results at VIII.A above to the Senate list the challenge or validation of the presiding magistrate’s calculations. Each of the other Tribunes shall post to the Senate list within 24 hours if they disagree with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes, stating the reason for such disagreement. In the absence of any such post from one or more Tribunes disagreeing with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes, such an absence shall be deemed to be approval of that result posted on their behalf.<br />
<br />
C. If the presiding magistrate fails to post within the 48 hours the Tribunes shall select, by whatever means they wish, one of the Tribunes to post to the Senate list within 24 hours of the 48 hour period elapsing, post the results of the vote to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
D. If the presiding magistrate fails to post within the 48 hours the result posted at VIII.C above shall be deemed to be the official result of the vote and shall not subject to challenge by the presiding magistrate. If however one or more of the Tribunes disagree with the post made on behalf of the Tribunes at VIII.C, they must post such a notice of disagreement to the Senate list within 24 hours stating the reason for such disagreement.<br />
<br />
E. Where a disagreement exists between the presiding magistrate and the Tribunes, or between the Tribunes themselves, over the calculation of the vote, it shall be resolved by mutual consent within 24 hours of the challenge being posted, or failing that by the princeps senatus. Such a determination by either manner of resolution shall be considered to be the official result of the vote.<br />
<br />
F. If the Tribunes fail within 24 hours after the presiding magistrate posts his/her calculations of the results at VIII.A above to the Senate list, to cause a challenge or validation as at VIII.B above to be posted, then the princeps senatus shall substitute for them and post such a challenge or validation. Any challenge by the substitute for the Tribunes shall be resolved by mutual consent within 24 hours of the challenge being posted, or failing that the calculation of the substitute for the Tribunes shall be considered the official result of the vote.<br />
<br />
G. If the presiding officer is a Tribune, the princeps senatus, shall substitute for the Tribunes in matters relating to the process of challenging or validating the calculation of the vote posted by the presiding officer and the Tribunes, other than the presiding magistrate, shall be excluded from that process entirely.<br />
<br />
H. If the Tribunes, or their substitute at VIII.F or VIII.G above, validate the post of the presiding magistrate, the result(s) contained within it shall be considered to be the official result of the vote. The official result of the vote must be immediately posted to the Senate list upon validation.<br />
<br />
I. After the official result of the vote is posted, the presiding magistrate must post a call to close within 24 hours of that official result being determined, and if he/she fails to do so then the session immediately that 24 hours period has expired shall automatically be deemed to be closed.<br />
<br />
J. For the purposes of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum the method of conferring with the Senate shall be delegated to the presiding magistrate of the formal meeting of the Senate in session where the item of a confidential nature in question is being/was discussed.<br />
<br />
:1. The decision of the presiding magistrate as to what details of the discussion and/or comments and/or voting should be released to the citizens is deemed to be a decision of the whole Senate.<br />
<br />
:2. Such a decision VIII.J.1 shall be binding on the Tribunes for the purposes of I.B.4 and II.B.6.e of the Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum, as to what to report to the citizens concerning the item of a confidential nature in question.<br />
<br />
K. The presiding magistrate may issue the call to recess a formal meeting of the Senate in session for a period of time between 24 hours and 144 hours. If after 144 hours have elapsed the presiding magistrate of that recessed session has not called the Senate to order and recommenced the session, then that session is deemed closed. The presiding magistrate may not issue the call to recess during the voting period.<br />
<br />
L. The presiding magistrate may issue the call to close at any time, except during the voting period.<br />
<br />
==IX. CONTEMPT OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. Any member of the Senate or other magistrate who disregards the invocation of closed session conditions and/or disregards the invocation of the Senate seal, such disregard being determined by the princeps senatus, and/or commits an act deemed in this Senatus Consultum to be contempt of the Senate, shall be automatically found in contempt of the Senate. In respect of a matter of contempt of the Senate, the princeps senatus may:<br />
<br />
:1. Resolve the matter informally when the member of the Senate or other magistrate purges his or report that contempt to the Censors for their consideration of any action they deem appropriate.<br />
<br />
:2. Suspend the posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list of a member of Senate found in contempt. Such actions must only be taken by means of a Senatus Consultum voted on by members of the Senate and passed by a simple majority. Such a Senatus consultum must include the commencement and termination dates of such sanctions. “In perpetuity”, “until further order of the Senate” or another clearly synonymous phrase indicating no fixed end date shall not be considered for the purposes of this Senatus consultum a valid end date. Any Senatus consultum passed for this purpose that does not contain a valid end date cannot invoke suspension of posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list. Should the Senatus consultum fail, the suspended posting and/or voting rights and/or membership of the Senate list of a member of Senate found in contempt must be immediately restored to that member the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the censors.<br />
<br />
:3. In cases of contempt of the Senate where the princeps senatus considers, that notwithstanding IX.A.2 above an immediate suspension of membership of the Senate list is required in order to protect Nova Roma Inc. from imminent and/or severe loss or damage, or the risk of severe loss or damage, and in order to comply with fiduciary responsibility, he/she may remove that member of the Senate from the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:4. Ratification of such an immediate suspension at IX.A.3 is required by the means specified at IX.A.2 above during the next formal meeting of the Senate in session. Should such ratification not occur within 60 days from the date of suspension, then that suspension is deemed cancelled and the princeps senatus or in his/her absence the Censors, shall ensure that the suspended member of the Senate has his/her membership of the Senate list reinstated.<br />
<br />
:5. At any time before the expiration of the 60 days the princeps senatus, may reinstate membership of the Senate list in circumstances where:<br />
<br />
::a. The member of the Senate has fulfilled any conditions that may have been required to be fulfilled prior to reinstatement.<br />
<br />
::b. The member of the Senate is subsequently exonerated of having committed an act(s) that led to the finding that he/she was in contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
::c. The member of the Senate has proactively taken steps to purge his/her contempt of the Senate to the satisfaction of the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
B. If the princeps senatus determines that a presiding magistrate has:<br />
<br />
:1. Attempted to invoke closed session or Senate seal for an agenda item where confidentially was clearly not required and/or<br />
<br />
:2. Proceeded to try to invoke closed session or Senate seal without the consent of the princeps senatus then this shall constitute contempt of the Senate and the princeps senatus may:<br />
<br />
:3. Resolve the matter informally when the presiding magistrate has proactively taken steps to purge his/her contempt of the Senate to the satisfaction of the princeps senatus or<br />
<br />
:4. Report that contempt to the censors for their consideration of any action they deem appropriate.<br />
<br />
C. If the princeps senatus commits an act that obviously and clearly violates the prohibitions under III.E, or IX.A or IX.B this shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate and the censors shall:<br />
<br />
:1. Request the consuls, or in their absence the praetors, to issue a call to convene a formal meeting of the Senate in session. The consuls, or in their absence the praetors, must accede to that request. In the agenda on the call to convene there must only be one item, and that must only be described as “Internal procedural matter”. No supporting or descriptive text can be included. After the call to order of that session the presiding magistrate shall declare that:<br />
<br />
::a. The Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
::b. The Senate seal is active.<br />
<br />
:2. For the purposes of IX.C.1.a and IX.C.1.b the consent of the princeps senatus required under VI.D shall be deemed to have been granted.<br />
<br />
:3. The Censors must then collegiately submit a draft Senatus Consultum to the Senate, where the sole content is “The Senate of Nova Roma removes the position and title of princeps senatus, together with any and all honors, powers, limits and obligations, from “ with the name of the princeps senatus appended after that phrase. The Senatus Consultum must not contain any further text, other than title and date. The Censors must in a separate post(s) to the Senate list detail the facts and substantiate the violation(s).<br />
<br />
:4. After the call to vote is posted, voting members of the Senate shall vote to approve or reject this Senatus Consultum. The vote shall be by way of super majority.<br />
<br />
:5. If the Senatus Consultum is passed the princeps senatus is immediately and automatically dismissed from his position and the Censors shall immediately assume the role collegiately of the princeps senatus until a replacement can be chosen in the manner as described at X.C.<br />
<br />
==X. THE PRINCEPS SENATUS==<br />
<br />
A. The princeps senatus must:<br />
<br />
:1. Be a Senator<br />
<br />
:2. Be a member of the patrician order.<br />
<br />
:3. Be a former consul.<br />
<br />
:4. Be a former censor.<br />
<br />
:5. Hold the longest, continuous and uninterrupted record of membership of the Senate.<br />
<br />
B. The appointment of the princeps senatus must only be by the manner permitted in this Senatus Consultum and shall be for a period of 5 years. At the expiration of that period if the princeps senatus whose period of appointment has just expired is the only member of the Senate meeting the conditions at X.A then he/she shall be automatically prorogued as princeps senatus for a further period of 5 years to the position of princeps senatus, unless he/she indicates an unwillingness to be so prorogued.<br />
<br />
C. If at the expiration of the period of his/her appointment the princeps senatus whose period of appointment has just expired does not meet the conditions at X.A, or he/she has indicated an unwillingness to be prorogued, or the position of princeps senatus has fallen vacant due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, dismissal from the position of princeps senatus, death, resignation or renunciation of citizenship, then the procedure to appoint a new princeps senatus shall be:<br />
<br />
:1. The Censors shall determine from the Album Senatorum if one or more members of the Senate meet the requirements at X.A and compile a list of candidates that do meet them. From that list of one or more candidates the Censors will select the one that is in their collegiate opinion the most suited to the position, taking into account the reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate of each candidate. The Censors shall then appoint that candidate by means of issuing an edict to that effect.<br />
<br />
:2. If no members of the Senate meet the requirements at X.A, the Censors shall examine the Album Senatorum and choose a member of the Senate, taking into account his/her reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate, that in their collegiate opinion most closely fits the requirements at X.A. Notwithstanding the period of 5 years specified at X.B, this appointment shall be for a period of 1 year. The Censors shall then appoint that candidate by means of issuing an edict to that effect. The period of appointment is a new one and is not affected, reduced or increased by any remaining period of appointment of the previous princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
:3. If one or more candidates do meet the requirements at X.A, but do not in the opinion of the Censors possess the required reputation and standing amongst the other members of the Senate to successfully and/or honourably discharge the position of princeps senatus, then the Censors shall at the next formal meeting of the Senate in session, where the presiding magistrate is either a Consul or Praetor, request that the matter of the appointment of the princeps senatus be added to the agenda as an item. The presiding magistrate must:<br />
<br />
::a. Accede to that request.<br />
<br />
::b. Declare the Senate in closed session for that item.<br />
<br />
::c. Declare that the Senate seal is active and in effect for that item<br />
<br />
:4. For the purposes of X.C.3.b and X.C.3.c the consent of the princeps senatus required under VI.D shall be deemed to have been granted. The Censors shall then report to the Senate why the candidate(s) who were eligible to be considered for appointment as princeps senatus was/were not selected. The presiding magistrate must:<br />
<br />
::a. Decide from the posted opinions of Senators if the one or more of the candidates passed over for selection has/have sufficient support to warrant the matter being put to the vote.<br />
<br />
::b. Any such vote shall include on the proposed Senatus Consultum for appointment of the princeps senatus, the names of those candidates identified at X.C.3 and the winning candidate shall be the one that receives the most votes by way of simple majority.<br />
<br />
:5. The princeps senatus shall have the following honors, powers, limits and obligations.<br />
<br />
::a. To be the final authority to determine if the procedures of this Senatus Consultum have been violated by any member of the Senate either in the manner of application of, or in the failure to comply with, such procedures, whether through negligence or a deliberate act.<br />
<br />
::b. To be the final authority on what is acceptable conduct to be expected from members of the Senate, both during informal Senate discussion and formal meetings of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
::c. To be the final authority on determining the meaning of any part of this Senatus Consultum where such meaning is unclear to any member of the Senate, and/or to arbitrate in any dispute between members of the Senate over such meaning.<br />
<br />
::d. To be consulted on any proposed changes to the internal procedures of the Senate.<br />
<br />
::e. To be empowered, due to a period of his/her absence, to delegate his/her functions as princeps senatus to a Senator of his/her choice in order who should match exactly or as close as possible, in his/her opinion, the requirements under X.A, The method of delegation shall be as follows:<br />
<br />
:::i. A post to the Senate list, by the princeps senatus, in which he/she must specify who is to be acting princeps senatus, together with the commencement and the end dates of the acting period.<br />
<br />
:::ii. The details at X.C.5.e.i may be included in the post required under VI.F.1.<br />
<br />
:::iii. The princeps senatus may select different Senators to act at various non-overlapping, but consecutive, date ranges during his/her period of absence.<br />
<br />
:::iv. The princeps senatus may select a Senator(s) to act for him/her that differs from the Senator(s) he selects to receive the grant of his proxy vote.<br />
<br />
::f. To have the authority to enforce any and all provisions of this Senatus Consultum and to create a rule of session.<br />
<br />
::g. If the princeps senatus cannot be contacted either between the call to convene and the call to order during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then the Censors shall appoint a Senator of their choice to act for the princeps senatus during that session only. That Senator should match exactly or as close as possible, in their opinion, the requirements under X.A. Should the princeps senatus subsequently declare himself/herself present before the call to close, the appointment of the acting princeps senatus shall be automatically terminated.<br />
<br />
==XI. QUORUM==<br />
<br />
A. The quorum for the Senate of Nova Roma is only required for formal meeting of the Senate in session.<br />
<br />
B. The quorum is calculated and based on only voting members of the Senate.<br />
<br />
C. The required quorum must be achieved at the time the call to order is posted.<br />
<br />
D. If the quorum is not achieved then the call to order cannot be posted and no formal meeting of the Senate in session can legally be held. Any formal meeting of the Senate in session that is held where the quorum is not achieved is illegal and no Senatus consultum or Senatus consultum ultimum passed during such an illegal session shall have any legal force or validity.<br />
<br />
E. A voting member of the Senate is deemed present at the time the call to order is posted if that member has not posted to the Senate list that he/she will be absent, using the process at VI.F.<br />
<br />
F. Once the quorum is established as being present at the time the call to order is posted, no challenges by any member of the Senate to establish if it is present subsequently shall be legal or permitted. Such challenges if made shall be an extreme disruption to a formal meeting of the Senate in session, as defined at III.E.3.<br />
<br />
G. Any member of the Senate present at the time the call to order is posted, by virtue of not having posted his/her absence at VI.F, may state that he/she is leaving the formal meeting of the Senate in session, but for the purposes of the quorum he/she is deemed to still be present during the remainder of the session conducted in his/her absence.<br />
<br />
H. Any calculation of the results of the voting stage shall treat the vote of any member of the Senate leaving after the call order, as defined at XI.G, as an abstention vote as defined at VII.G.3.<br />
<br />
I. The quorum required must be 2/3rds (two thirds) of the total number of voting members of the Senate, where fractions are rounded up to the next nearest whole number. For example if there are 22 voting members of the Senate, 2/3rds is 14.666 recurring. Therefore the quorum would be 15 voting members of the Senate, who would have to present immediately before the call to order.<br />
<br />
J. Those voting members of the Senate who have identified themselves as absent under the process at VI.F will be counted as being present during a formal meeting of the Senate in session that occurs during that period of absence for the purposes of the calculation of the quorum if they have assigned the grant of a proxy vote under the process at VI.F. If they have not assigned a proxy vote then they will be counted as absent.<br />
<br />
K. The presiding magistrate must make the calculation of whether the quorum has been achieved. The call to order must not be made until the calculation is made and the quorum established as being achieved as defined at XI.I. The presiding magistrate must immediately before the call to order post is made follow the steps below in consecutive order:<br />
<br />
:1. Count the number of voting members of the Senate who have identified themselves as absent, under the process at VI.F.<br />
<br />
:2. Calculate the quorum as under XI.I.<br />
<br />
:3. Subtract the number at XI.K.1 from the total number of voting members of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:4. If the result of the subtraction at XI.K.3 is greater than the quorum as at XI.I, then the quorum has been achieved and the call to order may be posted and the formal meeting of the Senate in session can proceed.<br />
<br />
:5. If the result of the subtraction at XI.K.3 is less than the quorum as at XI.I, then the quorum has not been achieved and the call to order must not be posted and the formal meeting of the Senate in session cannot proceed.<br />
<br />
L. Where the quorum is achieved and the call to order made, the presiding magistrate shall include in the call to order post the statement “The quorum is achieved”. The presiding magistrate must also include in the call to order post the calculations made at XI.K.1 to XI.K.3 inclusive.<br />
<br />
M. Where the quorum is not achieved, the presiding magistrate shall post to the Senate list a post with a subject heading “Formal meeting of the Senate in session cancelled”. This post must include, within the body of the post, the statement “The quorum is not achieved”. The presiding magistrate shall also include in the body of the post the calculations made at XI.K.1 to XI.K.3 inclusive.<br />
<br />
==XII. THE SENATE LIST==<br />
<br />
A. The only owners of the Senate list shall be the Censors and the princeps senatus.<br />
<br />
B. The only moderators of the Senate list shall be the Consuls.<br />
<br />
C. The Censors shall not, unless one or both are acting princeps senatus, engage in, except as provided for at II.C, any task involving:<br />
<br />
:1. Restricting or moderating the posting rights of members of the Senate including, including but not limited to, rejection, approval or deletion of posts.<br />
<br />
:2. The removal of a member of the Senate from the list, except in cases where a member has ceased to be a member of the Senate due to any occurrence of a singular, or multiple combination, of loss of senatorial status, death, resignation from the Senate or renunciation of citizenship.<br />
<br />
:3. Any other role or function connected to a formal meeting of the Senate in session, with the exception of those tasks assigned by this Senatus Consultum.<br />
<br />
D. The Censors shall be responsible for the addition of new members of the Senate to the Senate list and for the granting of moderator status to a Consul at the commencement of his/her term of office and removal of that moderator status at the expiration of his/her term.<br />
<br />
E. All posts are expected to conform to the requirements and restrictions of the Terms of Service by which members of the Senate and any other magistrate are bound by virtue of membership of the Senate list.<br />
<br />
F. The Senate list is an official list of Nova Roma. Ownership or moderator status of the list, as defined by the Yahoo! Inc. roles of owner and moderator, is solely for the purposes of ensuring the continued maintenance of the functions of the Senate as defined by the legal code. The owner and moderator features of the Senate list are restricted to the uses and purposes of such features that are allowed by this Senatus consultum. Any use of such features other than that allowed by this Senatus consultum are forbidden.<br />
<br />
G. Those members of the Senate that are designated owners or moderators of the Senate list renounce any and all rights to treat the Senate list as though it were their own personal property, renounce all rights to and accept that they hold the Senate list in trust for the Senate of Nova Roma. Deletion of the Senate list or any change in the name of the Senate list is forbidden. Acceptance and continued exercise of the roles of owner or moderator is deemed acceptance of this trust.<br />
<br />
H. Any failure on the part of a member of the Senate who is an owner or moderator to abide by XII.F or XII.G shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the [[Lex Salicia poenalis (Nova Roma)|Lex Salicia poenalis]]. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, Lex Salicia poenalis shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in this definition being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence.<br />
<br />
I. Membership of the Senate list is restricted to:<br />
<br />
:1. Members of the Senate<br />
<br />
:2. Other magistrate(s), who shall be granted temporary membership of the Senate list for the formal meeting of the Senate in session to which they have been invited to by the presiding magistrate of that session. After the call to close the princeps senatus or the Censors shall remove that other magistrate from the Senate list.<br />
<br />
J. The following powers must be granted to a Consul as a moderator of the Senate list:<br />
<br />
:1. Approve pending messages<br />
<br />
:2. Invite and add members<br />
<br />
:3. Approve pending members No addition to the above powers may be made at the time of, or subsequent to, the granting of moderator status at the commencement of his/her term of office.<br />
<br />
==XIII. CALENDAR AND RELIGIOUS MATTERS==<br />
<br />
A. If a prohibited day occurs during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then the presiding magistrate must issue the call to recess at any time on the preceding day. The period of the recess must be at least for the full 24-hour duration of the prohibited day.<br />
<br />
B. It is permitted for a formal meeting of the Senate in session to take place on a restricted day, but any matter concerning the cultus and religio must be dealt with in the agenda before any civil matter. It is the responsibility of the presiding magistrate to order the agenda to ensure this occurs.<br />
<br />
C. Before a call to convene can be posted the auspices must have been taken. They must be taken by:<br />
<br />
:1. The presiding magistrate,<br />
<br />
:2. An augur on behalf of, and at the request of the presiding magistrate. A copy of the auspices result of either method at XIII.C.1 or XIII.C.2 must be posted to the Senate list by either the person at XIII.C.1 or the presiding magistrate on whose behalf they were taken at XIII.C.2.<br />
<br />
D. If the result of the auspices at XIII.C is favourable the call to convene may be posted. If the result is unfavourable the call to convene must not be posted and no formal meeting of the Senate in session may occur.<br />
<br />
==XIV. HISTORICAL ITEMS OF RECORD==<br />
<br />
A. The following are automatically deemed to be subject to Senate seal for a duration in perpetuity, or until released from the Senate seal by way of super majority vote and such release is for the purpose of publication outside of the Senate:<br />
<br />
:1. Any post or any file or any item stored on the Senate on a date prior to the enactment of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
:2. Any other content or information stored on or drawn from the Senate list, that relates or concerns any incident or matter of a date prior to the date of the enactment of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
B. Members of the Senate may address such issues at XIV.A.1 or XIV.A.2 after the date of enactment of this Senatus consultum, but such further discussion will not be affected or restricted by XIV.A and, subject to the closed session or Senate seal being specifically applied to such further discussions, the right ofreporting granted at VI.B.1 to V1.B.4 extends to and covers such further discussions.<br />
<br />
==XV. PHYSICAL AND OTHER MEETINGS OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. No physical meeting of Senators, or any other meeting of Senators on any medium, other than on the Senate list, shall be a lawful formal meeting of the Senate in session, unless a Senatus Consultum passed by extraordinary majority specifically authorizes such a meeting.<br />
<br />
B. The rules for such a physical or other meeting that is a formal meeting of the Senate in session, such other excluding one held on the Senate list, must be defined and established within that Senatus Consultum at XV.A.<br />
<br />
C. Holding, or attempting to hold, such a physical, or other, formal meeting of the Senate in session, other than on the Senate list and other than by the process at XV.B, is illegal and forbidden and shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
==XVI. JURISDICTION AND AUTHORITY OF THE SENATE==<br />
<br />
A. Under the authority of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Senate is authorized to enact rules by Senatus consultum that govern its own internal procedures and a law passed in comitia may not overrule any such Senatus consultum. Therefore under the authority of V.F. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, this Senatus consultum asserts and establishes the primacy and supremacy of its contents, and of this Senatus consultum in its entirety, as the only lawful and permitted legal instrument that shall affect and/or regulate the internal procedures of the Senate, subject only to the Constitution of Nova Roma itself.<br />
<br />
B. In respect of 1.A and 1.C of the [[Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio (Nova Roma)|Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio]], the phrase “within the duties of the magistrate” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate, shall be defined as precluding any act, or attempted act, that involves the exercise, or attempted exercise, of imperium and potestas, including but not limited to the issuance of an edictum, that would supersede, contradict, ignore, negate, or overrule any of the provisions of this Senatus consultum. Any such act, or attempted act, is illegal and forbidden. Such an act, or attempted act, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
C. In respect of 1.A and 1.C of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the phrase “within the duties of the magistrate” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate shall be defined only as those duties, honors, powers, limits and obligations assigned by this Senatus consultum. Any extension, or attempted extension, of the scope of those duties as defined above in excess of those permitted within this Senatus consultum is illegal and forbidden. Such an extension, or attempted extension, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
D. In respect of 2.C of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the phrase “calling to Senate to vote or placing a proposed senatus consultum on the Senate agenda” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate of Nova Roma and the business of the Senate shall be defined only as the processes, conduct and regulation of a formal meeting of the Senate as defined and described within the scope of this Senatus Consultum. It shall not imply or be defined as granting such a presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate or other magistrate, any extra authority beyond that scope. Any such grant, or attempted grant, is illegal and forbidden. Such a grant, or attempted grant, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
E. The definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive are under the authority of sections V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, where under I.B no conflict existing between a lesser legal authority and a higher legal authority, and in the absence of such a definition existing, the Senate, through Senatus consultum, is authorized to so define such phrases and for such definitions to have the force of law.<br />
<br />
F. In accordance with 4.B of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive abide by the definitions and limits of imperium and potestas such as are provided within that lex, but as the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio is silent on providing definitions of the phrases as at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive, then this Senatus Consultum is authorized by V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, as described at XVI.E of this Senatus consultum, to so define those phrases.<br />
<br />
G. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence. For the purposes of the internal procedures of the Senate the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D are the only definitions for the purposes of this Senatus consultum that shall be applied to those specified phrases, regardless of any future definitions that are enacted by way of edictum or law passed in comitia.<br />
<br />
H. Any use, or attempted use, of imperium and/or potestas, as defined by and subject to the limitations at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive, by a member of the Senate or other magistrate, to evade, impede, negate or otherwise cancel any sanction(s) imposed upon that member or other magistrate, or upon another member or other magistrate, under the authority and terms of this Senatus consultum shall be illegal and forbidden and deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
I. No section of this Senatus consultum shall be defined or implied to affect, or alter, or define the scope and/or use of imperium and/or potestas, as defined by the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, on matters not pertaining to the Senate and the business of the Senate.<br />
<br />
J. In respect of 2.D and 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio, the use of the phrase “on all levels on all Nova Roma subjects” in respect of any presiding magistrate, or other member of the Senate, possessing imperium and potestas, and in the context of the extension or use of that imperium and/or potestas as regards the Senate and the business of the Senate shall be defined as being by right of section V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma subject to, and limited by, the right of the Senate to establish a specific method of interpretation for this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
K. The exercise, or attempted exercise, of the right of full iurisdictio under 2.D and 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio that would seek to define, affect, alter, contradict, ignore, negate, overrule, cancel, or other such limiting consequence, the method of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, established within this Senatus consultum, under the authority of XVI.J is illegal and forbidden. Such an exercise, or attempted exercise, shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
L. As the right to hold of imperium, as defined under IV.A.2.a, IV.A.3.a and IV.A.4.a of the Constitution of Nova Roma, does not include a definition of the scope and use of imperium, and as the the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio is silent on the definition of the phrases as specified at XVI.B to XVI.D inclusive of this Senatus consultum, then the definitions at XVI.B to XVI.D, by virtue of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, shall not be defined or interpreted as in conflict with IV.A.2.a, IV.A.3.a and IV.A.4.a of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
M. In respect of VI.B.1.c and VI.B.2.a.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such decretum so issued that is concerned with, or affects, the internal procedures of the Senate shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, require confirmation by Senatus consultum, passed by way of extraordinary majority, before that decretum can legally be applied to, or affect, the internal procedures of the Senate. Any such decretum not subject to confirmation, or having failed to receive confirmation, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate. Such non-binding advice shall not affect or alter the procedures of the Senate as defined within this Senatus consultum and any act that affects or alters, or attempts to affect or alter, those procedures is illegal and forbidden.<br />
<br />
N. In respect of VI.B.2.b.1 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such definition that the Senate list, or any such place as defined under XV.B of this Senatus consultum, is a templum shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, require confirmation by Senatus consultum, passed by way of extraordinary majority, before that definition can legally be applied to, or affect, the internal procedures of the Senate. Any such definition not subject to confirmation, or having failed to receive confirmation, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate. Such non-binding advice shall not affect or alter the procedures of the Senate as defined within this Senatus consultum and any act that affects or alters, or attempts to affect or alter, those procedures is illegal and forbidden.<br />
<br />
O. In respect of VI.B.2.b.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, any such declaration of obnuntiatio in respect of a formal meeting of the Senate in session shall, by the right granted to the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, only apply and result in such a meeting being delayed where auspices have been taken according to XII.C.2 of this Senatus consultum. Any declaration of obnuntiatio not based on the taking of auspices, as defined at XIII.C, shall require acceptance of the presiding magistrate before that declaration can legally result in such a meeting being delayed. Any such definition not subject to such acceptance, or having failed to receive such acceptance, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of the internal procedures of the Senate and shall only be treated as non-binding advice to the Senate.<br />
<br />
P. Should the presiding magistrate at XVI.O not accept a declaration of obnuntiatio and proceed with a formal meeting of the Senate, the first agenda item after the call to order that must be discussed is that declaration of obnuntiatio. Regardless of any other requirement or provision of this Senatus consultum, the matter of the obnuntiatio shall be subject to an immediate debate period of only 24 hours in length at the conclusion of which an additional call to vote must be issued.<br />
<br />
Q. Regardless of any other requirement or provision of this Senatus consultum, this additional voting period at XVI.P shall only be 24 hours in length. This additional voting period shall be separate from, and additional to, that voting period specified on the call to convene. A Senatus consultum concerning the matter of the obnuntiatio shall be the only item put to the vote in this additional voting period.<br />
<br />
R. The Senatus consultum at XVI.Q that shall be put to the vote in this additional voting period shall state the text of the declaration of the obnuntiatio, who made the declaration, the time and date it was made, and any other information provided by the person making the declaration, and shall further state the following motion: “As a consequence of this declaration of obnuntiatio the Senate of Nova Roma decrees that the current formal meeting of the Senate in session shall be immediately recessed.” The time and date when the recess ends and the Senate must reconvene should be appended immediately after the above motion.<br />
<br />
S. The presiding magistrate at XVI.P may at his/her discretion not specify any time and date to reconvene and instead substitute “shall be immediately closed” in place of “shall be immediately recessed” in respect of the motion at XVI.R.<br />
<br />
T. At the conclusion of the voting period at XVI.Q the determination of the results shall be by the provisions as specified at section VIII of this Senatus consultum. If the Senatus consultum at XVI.Q is enacted the presiding magistrate shall immediately follow its direction and issue either the call to recess, or the call to close based on the text of the Senatus consultum. If the Senatus consultum at XVI.Q is not enacted then the formal meeting of the Senate shall proceed.<br />
<br />
U. Any such declaration of obnuntiatio subject to such confirmation by means of Senatus consultum as at XVI.Q, where such a Senatus consultum having been put to the vote did not achieve a simple majority, shall have no legal force or applicability in respect of compelling a delay of the formal meeting of the Senate.<br />
<br />
V. Any act, or attempted act, that circumvents, supersedes, contradicts, ignores, negates, or overrules all, or any part of, section XVI of this Senatus consultum, or attempts to do so, for the obvious, or likely, purpose of subjugating the Senate to the dictate, direction or control of any member of the Senate, or other magistrate, or official, or citizen through the exercise, or attempted exercise, of imperium and/or potestas and/or iurisdictio and/or intercessio and/or other exercise of an otherwise lawful power or right, or by the exercise, or attempted exercise, of an illegally usurped power or right, where the purpose of such subjugation is itself to alter, limit, reduce or eradicate the right of the Senate under V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma to govern its own internal procedures, or where the purpose of such subjugation is to enable an appointment of a dictator, or the enactment of a Senatus consultum ultimum, where the process of such an appointment or enactment is not in compliance with this Senatus consultum, then such an act, or attempted act, shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the Lex Salicia poenalis. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
W. In respect of any act, or attempted act, defined within this Senatus consultum as contempt of the Senate, or as illegal and forbidden, or as laesa patriae and/or treason, then no member of the Senate or other magistrate, or official, or citizen shall be required to comply with any such act, or attempted act. The imposition of any sanction that is applied, or is attempted to be applied, to a member of the Senate, or other magistrate, or official, or citizen as a consequence of a failure to comply with such an act, or attempted act, shall be defined as laesa patriae for the purposes of section 21 of the Lex Salicia poenalis. Such a definition is itself established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma.<br />
<br />
X. For the purposes of the internal procedures of the Senate the definitions of laesa patriae and/or treason contained within this Senatus consultum are the only definitions that shall be applied, regardless of any future definitions that are enacted by way of any legal instrument. Such definitions are themselves established as a right of the Senate under of the authority of V.F and I.B of the Constitution of Nova Roma. Any subsequent amendment to, or superseding or repeal of, Lex Salicia poenalis shall not, by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma, result in this definition being defined, affected, altered, contradicted, ignored, negated, overruled, cancelled, or other such limiting consequence.<br />
<br />
==XVII. NOVA ROMA INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS==<br />
<br />
A. A meeting of the Nova Roma Inc. Board of Directors shall be a meeting separate from a formal meeting of the Senate in session and debate and voting shall be restricted to those members of the Senate who are Directors of the corporation.<br />
<br />
B. Such a meeting is not subject to the conditions at XIII.C.<br />
<br />
C. Legal macronational names shall be used throughout, but any use of such names shall be redacted from any report of such a meeting published on the Nova Roman website/wiki and replaced with initials.<br />
<br />
D. An original un-redacted report with full legal macronational names intact shall be stored within the Senate list file section and shall constitute the official record of that meeting.<br />
<br />
E. The procedures of such a meeting will be in accordance with Robert’s Rules of Order. http://robertsrules.org/rror--00.htm<br />
<br />
F. The consent of the princeps senatus is required before a Senatus consultum to authorize a meeting of the Board of Directors can be put to the Senate for a vote. This shall be passed by simple majority and shall contain the specific reason for such a meeting. No meeting maybe held until such a Senatus consultum is passed and enacted. Upon enactment of this Senatus consultum the Board of Directors meeting shall take place immediately after the call to close of the formal meeting of the Senate in session in which the Senatus consultum was passed.<br />
<br />
==XVIII. INTERPRETATION==<br />
<br />
A. If an issue of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, on any matter pertaining to this Senatus consultum, the Senate and/or the business of the Senate, arises during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, then by right conferred upon the Senate by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma the following process is established to regulate the use of full iurisdictio under 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio and the general grant of imperium conferred under the Constitution of Nova Roma. This regulation of full iurisdictio, and the general grant of imperium, applies only to the interpretation of this Senatus consultum, and/or to the interpretation of any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or to the business of the Senate. This process shall not be defined or interpreted as affecting the application of full iurisdictio and/or imperium outside of the scope of interpretation in respect of this Senatus consultum and/or any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or the business of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:1. If the presiding magistrate possesses imperium and full iurisdictio, he/she shall consult with the princeps senatus to try to establish a consensual interpretation of the issue at XVIII.A.<br />
<br />
:2. Should consensual interpretation at XVIII.A.1 not be reached within 24 hours of the issue being raised or identified during session, then by virtue of X.C.5.c the interpretation of the princeps senatus shall prevail and have precedence, and shall be adopted as the final and determining interpretation of the issue. The princeps senatus shall post that interpretation to the Senate list in the form of a rule of session.<br />
<br />
:3. No other member of the Senate or other magistrate who possesses imperium and full iurisdictio shall be part of the interpretative process at XVIII.A.1.<br />
<br />
B. If an issue of interpretation of this Senatus consultum, on any matter pertaining to this Senatus consultum, the Senate and/or the business of the Senate, arises during informal Senate discussion, then by right conferred upon the Senate by virtue of V.F of the Constitution of Nova Roma the following process is established to regulate the use of full iurisdictio under 2.E of the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio and the general grant of imperium conferred under the Constitution of Nova Roma. This regulation of full iurisdictio, and the general grant of imperium, applies only to the interpretation of this Senatus consultum, and/or to the interpretation of any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or to the business of the Senate. This process shall not be defined or interpreted as affecting the application of full iurisdictio and/or imperium outside of the scope of interpretation in respect of this Senatus consultum and/or any matter pertaining to the Senate and/or the business of the Senate.<br />
<br />
:1. The princeps senatus shall resolve the issue by way of reaching an interpretation within 72 hours of the issue being raised or identified and shall post that interpretation to the Senate list.<br />
<br />
:2. The interpretation of the princeps senatus at XVIII.B.1 shall, by virtue of X.C.5.c, be the final interpretation of the issue.<br />
<br />
:4. No other member of the Senate or other magistrate who possesses imperium and full iurisdictio shall be part of the interpretative process at XVIII.B.1<br />
<br />
==XIX. SUPERSEDING, AMENDING OR REPEALING THIS SENATUS CONSULTUM==<br />
<br />
A. Upon enactment of this Senatus Consultum, under the authority of XVI.A the only lawful method of subsequently superseding, amending or repealing this Senatus consultum must be by way of a Senatus Consultum that must achieve an extraordinary majority before it can be enacted. Any other method or attempt shall be illegal and forbidden and shall be deemed to be contempt of the Senate.<br />
<br />
B. No other Senatus Consultum shall be enacted where the proposed content of which conflicts, negates, overrides, limits or otherwise affects in a negative manner the contents and/or purposes of all or any part of this Senatus Consultum, whether directly or indirectly other than by the method at specified at XVIII.A.<br />
<br />
==XX. REPEALED AND SUPERSEDED==<br />
<br />
A. The following Senatus Consulta are repealed:<br />
<br />
:1. Rules on defining a Senate Quorum – approved a d XV Sex MMDCCLIV<br />
<br />
:2. Rules on convening the Senate – approved a.d. XVII Kal. Dec. MMDCCLVI<br />
<br />
:3. [[Procedures for Reporting the Senate's Call to Order]] – undated.<br />
<br />
:4. Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLIX – approved a.d. VIII Id. Sex MMDCCLIX<br />
<br />
:5. [[Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate (Nova_Roma)|Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate]] – undated.<br />
<br />
B. The contents of this Senatus Consultum shall by authority of XV.A supersede and override the contents of any other Senatus consulta, or lesser legal authority, enacted prior to this Senatus Consultum which is concerned with, but not limited to, informal Senate discussion, the procedures of the Senate during a formal meeting of the Senate in session, the princeps senatus, management and ownership of the Senate list and matters of internal moderation of members of the Senate.<br />
<br />
==XXI. ANNOTATION AND STYLE==<br />
<br />
A. The use of (s) in this Senatus consultum indicates that the singular occurrence of the word may also be read as the plural of that word. Absence of such (s) shall not necessarily imply that the plural cannot be inferred.<br />
<br />
B. Where not stated otherwise, as at XXI.C, the use of a combination of letters, Roman numerals, Arabic numerals, such as XXX.A.1.a.i, is a reference to a corresponding section of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
C. Similar types of combination at XXI.B can also be used to indicate a corresponding section of either the Constitution of Nova Roma or a named lex.<br />
<br />
D. The use of a descriptive title to describe sections of this Senatus consultum is only to assist in providing a brief general description of the contents in that section. Such a title does not form part of the reference method described at XXI.B.<br />
<br />
E. The use of italics is for ease of reference only and no extra meaning shall be construed from such use.<br />
<br />
F. Any issue arising from a matter of spelling, punctuation, grammar, annotation or style shall be resolved using the process described in XVIII of this Senatus consultum.<br />
<br />
</div></div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Rules_and_procedures_for_debate_and_for_the_taking_of_votes_in_the_Senate_(Nova_Roma)Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate (Nova Roma)2014-02-06T10:34:35Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: moved Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate. (Nova Roma) to Rules and procedures for debate and for the taking of votes in the Senate (Nova Roma): Correct title by removing period</p>
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<div><div class="scriptum"><br />
<br />
== The Senatus Consultum de Ratione Senatus ==<br />
In accordance with paragraph V.D. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Senatus Consultum de Ratione Senatus is hereby enacted to set forth the rules and procedures for debate and the taking of votes in the Senate.<br />
<br />
(Informal Senate Discussion)<br />
<br />
I . Any member of the Senate may, at his discretion, introduce a topic for discussion by sharing it with the rest of the Senate. Such discussion is to be encouraged, but should not be mistaken for the formal process of calling for a vote on a given issue, which may only be done after the Senate has been convened for such a purpose, and by procedures as described below. <br />
<br />
(Convening the Senate)<br />
<br />
II. The Senate may be convened by a consul, praetor, or tribunus plebis. The magistrate convening the Senate shall hereafter be referred to as the presiding magistrate. <br />
A. A consul may convene the Senate for any purpose. <br />
B. A praetor may convene the Senate for any purpose when both consuls are unavailable. <br />
C. A tribunus plebis may convene the Senate in order to ask the Senate's advice on any subject which is clearly within the scope of his or her constitutionally mandated powers and obligations. <br />
<br />
(Notifying the Senate)<br />
<br />
III. Prior to convening the Senate, all of the members of the Senate, and all those by law permitted to witness the discussions of the senate, must be informed no less than twenty-four hours prior to the Senate being formally convened. This is to be accomplished by sending a simple e-mail of intent to the Senate e-mail list by the presiding magistrate. <br />
<br />
(Presenting Items to the Senate)<br />
<br />
IV. After the interval described in section III above, the presiding magistrate may convene the Senate and present one or more matters for their consideration. Should the presiding magistrate wish to do so, he may yield the floor to a member of the Senate or another magistrate, allowing that person to present one or more items for the Senate's consideration. <br />
<br />
(Procedure for Senate Debate)<br />
<br />
V. Once the matters for consideration have been presented, each of the members of the Senate may offer their opinions thereon. The debate shall be limited to the presiding magistrate, members of the Senate, and any magistrate which the presiding magistrate has allowed to present items in accord with section IV above. The tribunes of the plebs, shall keep the citizens informed as to the progress and content of the debate. There shall be no limit on the length of the opinions rendered. <br />
A. Debate is to be conducted via electronic mail through the Senate e-mail list (the exception being a face-to-face meeting described below), and each Senator shall have up to ninety-six hours to issue his or her opinion. Should that time elapse, the Senator shall be assumed to have abrogated his right to speak on the issues at hand (but such silence shall not be considered a waiver of the right to vote thereon). <br />
B. Senator who is unable to vote may, during the debate phase, give his proxy to another member of the Senate, as long as such is done openly and within the prescribed period of debate. <br />
<br />
(Voting)<br />
<br />
VI. Once each Senator has been given the opportunity to state his position on the issues under discussion, the presiding magistrate shall call the issue to a vote. Voting shall be done openly on the Senate e-mail list, and matters being voted on shall be decided by majority vote unless otherwise mandated. <br />
A. Voting is to be conducted on the Senate e-mail list, unless it is conducted in a face-to-face venue, and each Senator shall have at least forty-eight hours to cast his or her vote. Should the voting period elapse, any Senator that has yet to vote shall be assumed to have abrogated his or her right to vote on the matters at hand. <br />
B. On items that are presented for approval by affirmative or negative vote, a Senator may either vote or abstain from voting as follows: <br />
1. An AFFIRMATIVE vote is registered by the Senator's statement of "YES", "UTI ROGAS", or another clearly synonymous phrase of support; <br />
2. A NEGATIVE vote is registered by the Senator's statement of "NO", "ANTIQUO", or another clearly synonymous phrase of opposition; <br />
3. An ABSTENTION is expressed with the Senator's statement of "ABSTINEO", "I ABSTAIN", by leaving the item blank, or with another clearly synonymous phrase of neutrality. Such abstentions are not considered to be votes, and are not counted when calculating the number required for a majority as defined below. Abstentions do not diminish the number of Senators considered present when determining whether a quorum is achieved. <br />
C. Except where otherwise stated, a Senatus Consultum is enacted when the number of affirmative votes (as described above) equals or exceeds the number required for a "simple majority". <br />
1. Simple Majority: A simple majority is defined as the number of affirmative votes plus the number of negative votes, divided by two, with one added to that result. Abstentions are not counted when determining this number. An equivalent result may be obtained by directly comparing the numbers of affirmative and negative votes, again ignoring abstentions; if the number of affirmative votes EXCEEDS (not merely equals) the number of negative votes, the item has succeeded, and the Senate has voted in favour of the item. <br />
2. Super Majority: When particular items are required by law to have a super majority of votes in order to succeed, then the votes shall be counted by adding together the count of affirmative and negative votes (ignoring abstentions), multiplying by the fraction required by law, and comparing this to the number of affirmative votes. Such an item succeeds when the number of affirmative votes equals or exceeds the number obtained by this calculation. <br />
D. The presiding magistrate must stipulate the voting period of no less than forty-eight, and no more than ninety-six hours. The voting period shall be stipulated at the time that the Senate is called to a vote and cannot be shortened by the presiding magistrate, but can be extended up to the ninety-six hour maximum. <br />
E. It is recommended that the voting period begin at sunrise in Rome on the first day of the voting period and end at sunset in Rome on the last day of the voting period. <br />
<br />
(Publishing of Results)<br />
<br />
VII. Once voting on the matters at hand is complete, one of the tribunus plebis shall inform the people of the outcome of the vote and the presiding magistrate shall officially end the meeting of the Senate. <br />
<br />
(Physical Meetings)<br />
<br />
VIII. When a meeting of the Senate is conducted in a face-to-face session the following special conditions apply: <br />
A. The debate phase shall last as long as necessary, giving each Senator present the opportunity to discuss each item on the agenda. The debate phase shall end after every Senator has been given the opportunity to speak, waiving a right to speak does not waive a Senators right to vote. <br />
B. Voting shall start after the debate phase has ended and shall continue until every Senator present has voted. Voting shall be done by a show of hands or some other equally unambiguous method. <br />
C. Senate meetings shall occur only between sunrise and sunset. A meeting may adjourn for the night and reconvene the next morning at the discretion of the presiding magistrate. <br />
D. Senate meetings should occur, if possible, in a public building which has been consecrated according to specifications established by the Collegium Augurium. <br />
E. Voting shall be done by a show of hands or some other equally unambiguous method. <br />
<br />
(Superseding previous procedures)<br />
<br />
IX. The procedures indicated here shall supersede all other approved Senate voting procedures including, but not limited to, the procedure approved on a.d. III Id. Nov. MMDCCLVI 11 Nov 2756. <br />
<br />
</div><br />
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[[Category:Senate (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Gaius_Tullius_Valerianus_Germanicus_(Nova_Roma)Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus (Nova Roma)2013-12-25T01:25:20Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: updates, formatting</p>
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<div>{{BioHeader|name=Gaius Tullius Valerianus Germanicus|id=257|option=senator}}<br />
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Senator '''C. Tullius Valerianus Germanicus''' is a cultor deorum Romanorum, an Augur, a Lictor Curiatus, and a Latinist. He was a citizen of [[Provincia Nova Britannia (Nova Roma)|Nova Britannia]] from the time he became a citizen ({{Jun 4}} {{2000}}) until the month of Quintilis in the year {{2011}}, at which time he became a citizen of America Austroccidentalis. He is the paterfamilias of the [http://familia-tullia-valeriana.wikispaces.com/ familia Tullia Valeriana]. He was married to [[Gaia Valeria Pulchra (Nova Roma)|Gaia Valeria Pulchra]] between October A.U.C. MMDCCLXI and Quintilis A.U.C. MMDCCLXV. {{Dec 21}} he married [[Appia Gratia Avita (Nova Roma)|Appia Gratia Avita]]. He holds degrees in History and Classics, with an advanced degree in Latin and Classical Humanities. Some of his areas of particular interest are Stoic philosophy, conversational Latin, Latin and Greek literature, Greco-Roman military history, Greek and Roman religion, and epistolary Latin. <br />
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In beginning of the year A.U.C. MMDCCLXIV he was inaugurated as an Augur. That same year he served the Republic as Tribune of the Plebs. <br />
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He was Consul of the Republic in the year A.U.C. MMDCCLXV. <br />
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He took up governorship of his province, America Austroccidentalis, as Proconsul the year after his consulship (A.U.C. MMDCCLXVI), the same year as his second tribunate. <br />
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== Hypomnēmata Dē Philosophiā ==<br />
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Senator Valerianus publishes a blog with philosophical comments on the [[Roman virtues]]: http://hypomnemata-de-philosophia.blogspot.hu/<br />
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==[[Cursus Honorum (Nova Roma)|''Cursus Honorum'']]==<br />
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* [[Consul (Nova Roma)|''Consul'']] of the res publica <br />
:{{2012}}<br />
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* [[:Category:Senators (Nova Roma)|''Senator'']]<br />
:from {{2013}}<br />
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* [[:Category:Governors (Nova Roma)|''Proconsul'']] of [[Provincia America Austroccidentalis (Nova Roma)|'' America Austroccidentalis '']]<br />
:from {{2013}}<br />
<br />
* [[Tribunus plebis (Nova Roma)|''Tribunus plebis'']]<br />
:from {{Dec 10}} {{2010}} to {{Dec 9}} {{2011}}<br />
:from {{Jan 1}} {{2013}} to {{Dec 9}} {{2013}}<br />
<br />
* [[Augur (Nova Roma)|''Augur'']]<br />
:from {{2011}}<br />
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==Other Posts==<br />
<br />
* [[Comitia Curiata (Nova Roma)|''Lictor Curiatus'']]<br />
:from {{2008}}<br />
<br />
* [[Legatus (Nova Roma)|''Legatus'']] ''legatae pro praetore'' [[Annia Minucia Marcella (Nova Roma)|''Anniae Minuciae Marcellae'']]<br />
:{{2008}}<br />
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[[Category:Consulars (Nova Roma)|Tullius Valerianus Germanicus, C.]]<br />
[[Category:Senators (Nova Roma)|Tullius Valerianus Germanicus, C.]]<br />
[[Category:Governors (Nova Roma)|Tullius Valerianus Germanicus, C.]]<br />
[[Category:Magistrates (Nova Roma)|Tullius Valerianus Germanicus, C.]]<br />
[[Category:Gens Tullia (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:Tribus Palatina (Nova Roma)]]<br />
[[Category:Provincia America Austroccidentalis (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Pompeia_de_ratione_comitiorum_plebis_tributorum_(Nova_Roma)Lex Pompeia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum (Nova Roma)2013-12-23T17:51:16Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: formatting (links, line-break tags)</p>
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<div>{{Praetores}}<br />
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{|width="100%"<br />
|-<br />
|__TOC__<br />
|align="right"| <br />
{{LexStatusActive}}<br />
{{LexPassed <br />
| when={{Jul 22}} {{2013}}<br />
| com=Comitia Plebis Tributa <br />
| yes=18 | no=3 | abs=0 <br />
}}<br />
|}<br />
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Resolved, in order to establish ongoing, simple and easily understood procedures to summon the Comitia Plebis Tributa and avoid the need for emergency decrees (Senatus consulta ultima - SCUs) by the Senate to effectively summon the Comitia Plebis Tributa, we, the Plebeian citizens of Nova Roma, enact the following:<br />
<br />
<br />
== I. Status of Previous Leges Governing the Comitia Plebis Tributa ==<br />
All previous laws relating to the Comitia Plebis Tributa (hereinafter referred to as the Comitia) are hereby rescinded as they apply to the election of magistrates and the promulgation of legislation by the Comitia. <br />
:A. The [[Lex Moravia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis et ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Moravia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis et ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum]] is hereby repealed. <br />
:B. The [[Lex Arminia de suffragiis in comitiis tributis (Nova Roma)|Lex Arminia de suffragiis in comitiis tributis]] is hereby repealed.<br />
:C. The [[Lex Grylla de magistratibus plebis creandis (Nova Roma)|Lex Grylla de magistratibus plebis creandis]] is hereby repealed.<br />
<br />
== II. Calling to Order the Comitia Plebis Tributa ==<br />
:A. A Tribunus Plebis may, as described by the Constitution, call the Comitia to order to hold a vote on one or more of the following: <br />
::1. an election for office; <br />
::2. a Lex (law); or,<br />
::3. an appropriate legal proceeding. <br />
:B. The Comitia may be summoned by the presiding magistrate by making a public declaration announcing the summons in the official public fora. <br />
:C. The Summons must contain the following information:<br />
::1. The subject heading shall be: “Official Summons of the Comitia Plebis Tributa”<br />
::2. The text of the summons must include: <br />
:::a) If the summons is to conduct an election then the full Roman name of the candidates, dates of citizenship, an indication of whether or not they met the Constitutional and legal requirements of the office they are seeking, and the name of office they are seeking.<br />
:::b) If the summons is to vote on a lex or leges then the full text of the lex or leges or links to web pages containing the full text of the lex or leges which are being voted on; however, a draft version of the full text is acceptable at this point.<br />
:::c) If the summons is to convene a trial or other legal proceeding then the presiding magistrate will include all necessary information including but not limited to: the full Roman name of the petitioner; the full Roman name of the defendant; and, the charges or nature of the proceeding.<br />
:::d) The dates and times when the members of the Comitia shall begin and end the Contio and the start and end dates and times of the voting period.<br />
::3. Also, the presiding magistrate shall include any additional special instructions necessary that pertain to the mechanics of the vote.<br />
<br />
== III. The Timing of the Vote ==<br />
:A. The Official Summons of the Comitia Plebis Tributa is identified as an edictum. A copy of the Official Summons will be posted on the website with the corresponding designation.<br />
:B. The edictum containing the call to vote must be issued at least 72 hours (3 days) prior to the start of the voting session. This period shall be known as the Contio and during this time formal discussion of the agenda (leges and legal proceeding) and/or candidates shall take place.<br />
:C. In the event that, in an effort to fill a Plebian office, there are not enough candidates at the time of the opening of the Contio, the presiding magistrate may accept additional candidates during the first 48 hours in the Contio. In other words, if there are five vacant offices for office of Tribuni Plebis and if, at the time the presiding magistrate summons the Comitia, only one candidate has stepped forward leaving 4 vacancies and 24 hours after the Contio has started two other citizens step forward (and have met the Constitutional requirements for the office of Tribunus Plebis) the presiding magistrate has the discretion to include those two additional individuals in the Comitia summons and add them to the ballot so a new election or a delay in the Contio does not need to take place. When accepting additional candidates during this 48 hour grace period following the start of the Contio, the presiding magistrate must not disregard any Constitutional requirements for the office which is the subject of the election. Candidates who put their names forward during the 48 hour grace period following the start of the Contio must meet the Constitutional requirements for the office they seek. Any votes cast for a candidate who does not meet the Constitutional requirements for the office that is the subject of the election will be considered null and will not be counted.<br />
:D. A final draft of all legislation being voted on must be presented to the Comitia at least 48 hours prior to the close of the Contio.<br />
:E. During the Contio all constitutional powers remain in effect. Tribunes can issue intercessio, magistrates who share imperium or outrank in imperium may exercise their constitutionally derived powers.<br />
:F. Intercessio may be exercised against the following: The entire election, vote, one specific item on the agenda, or multiple items on the agenda. The removal of an item or items is effective for the length of the then current Comitia summons only. It does not prevent the item from being listed in a future Comitia summons.<br />
:G. In voting for a Lex, the minimum Contio period must last no fewer than 120 hours (5 days).<br />
:H. In a legal proceeding the minimum Contio period must last no fewer than 192 hours (8 days).<br />
:I. The ability to vote during the voting period may be impacted due to calendar issues as enacted by decreta of the Collegium Pontificum. Any impact must be announced by the presiding magistrate.<br />
:J. Election officials shall tally the vote and deliver the results to both the presiding magistrate and the Censores (Secretaries of the Corporation) within 48 hours of the close of voting period. The presiding magistrate cannot announce the result until the certification process is fulfilled.<br />
:K. The Censores have 24 hours to certify the results given by the election officials. They have the ability to review all actions taken by the election officials to ensure accuracy and impartiality. Once the Censores certify the vote the Censores or the presiding magistrate shall announce the result(s) in the appropriate official public fora. Once completed the presiding magistrate shall bring the Comitia to a close.<br />
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== IV. Voting Procedures ==<br />
:A. Each plebeian citizen will receive a unique voter identification code. This code shall be used to maintain anonymity in the voting process, and to minimize the possibility of voter fraud. The voter identification code can be issued via automatic process by the web based secured form used or by the 3rd party alternative. If an automated process is impractical, or non-existent the Censores shall in a timely manner, prior to vote, issue the voter codes, delivered to the citizens and supply the electoral officers with the list of valid voter codes within each tribe in a way that assures the anonymity of the citizens’ vote. Only plebeian citizens will be permitted to vote in the Comitia. The election officials shall not have access to the names of the citizens associated with the particular voter identification codes, nor shall the election officials have access to the Censor tools or censor database.<br />
:B. The election officials, Censores, Web Master, or any authorized or appointed official shall make available a Cista (a secure web-based form – internal voting platform) or a secured 3rd party alternative (currently Nova Roma uses votingplace.net) that will allow citizens to vote. It is highly recommended that a link is posted on the Nova Roma website, and a link posted in the official public fora before the voting period is open. The election officials will keep a record of each ballot cast including the ballot number and and the desired vote of the individual. The information thus collected will be either forwarded to the election officials as it is gathered or at the end of the process, at their discretion. Alternative methods of voting may be enacted by other legislation as required.<br />
:C. Procedures for Elections<br />
::1. The ballot shall include:<br />
:::a) The name of the office.<br />
:::b) The number of vacancies.<br />
:::c) A listing of the candidates for office listed in alphabetical order based on the candidates' nomina, praenomina, and, where applicable, cognomina and agnomina. The list shall be placed on the ballot in a single column. <br />
::2. Each voter shall have the option to mark each candidate “uti rogas” (or Yes) or leave the candidate unmarked. Each ballot shall carry the following direction: “You may vote for 1 candidate per office vacancy, please select the magistrate you most strongly support.” Thus, beside the name of each candidate the voter shall be able to mark his or her approval of the candidate. <br />
::3. A voter may vote for the number of candidates equal to the number of vacant positions. A voter shall not be required to cast votes for all vacancies. A voter may choose to vote for only some of the candidates or none of the candidates. <br />
::4. There shall be an area on the ballot for a write-in candidate should the voter wish to cast a vote for a candidate not listed on the ballot. <br />
::5. There shall be an area on the ballot for an abstention, should the voter wish to waive their right to cast any votes for a given magistracy. <br />
:D. Procedures for Legislation<br />
::1. The full text, or a link to the full text on the Nova Roma website, of each proposed law or plebiscite shall appear on the ballot. Links are permitted only if they resolve to locations in the Nova Roma Wiki or website.<br />
::2. Each voter shall have the option to mark each proposal “uti rogas” (or Yes), “antiquo” (or No), or “abstineo” (or Abstain). Thus, for each proposed law the voter shall be able to mark his or her approval of the plebiscite. <br />
:E. Procedures for Trials<br />
::1. The ballot shall include the name of the accused, the name of the accuser or party bringing the charges, and the charges and specifications brought against the accused. <br />
::2. There shall be an area on the ballot where each voter shall have the option to vote "absolvo" (or Innocent), "condemno" (or Guilty), or “abstineo” (or Abstain - should the voter wish to waive his or her right to vote on the accused's guilt or innocence). Thus, beside the name of the accused, the voter shall be able to mark his or her determination of innocence or guilt.<br />
:F. Once cast, no vote may be altered, even with the correct voter identification code. Should multiple votes be registered with the same voter identification code, only the first recorded vote shall be used in counting the vote and any subsequent ballots registered with the same voter identification code shall be considered null and void.<br />
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== V. Procedures for Counting Votes ==<br />
:A. Votes shall be counted by tribes.<br />
:B. The Voting period for the Comitia, shall be no fewer than 168 hours (7 days). All tribes are allowed to vote at the commencement of the voting period. The presiding magistrate will notify the Comitia of the opening of the voting period via the official public fora and a notice will be posted on the website.<br />
:C. If the Comitia was summoned to vote in an election, the results are calculated as follows:<br />
::1. Each tribe will rank the candidates based on the voting results of that tribe with the candidate receiving the highest number of votes ranked first and other candidates ranked similarly based on the number of votes received in the tribe from highest to lowest. <br />
::2. The candidate that wins the most votes is declared the winner of that tribe. <br />
::3. If there is a tie in deciding who won the tribe, a winner will be determined using the procedure established in Paragraph VI (Breaking of Ties) of this Lex (by resolving the tie between the candidates who are tied). Depending on the number of vacancies there could be more than one winner. If there is more than one vacancy, each tribe should have more than one winner, those being the highest and second highest vote totals per tribe, etc until all vacancies are filled.<br />
::4. This process will be done for each tribe that voted. The winner then is determined by which candidate won the most tribes, until all office vacancies are filled. <br />
:D. If the Comitia was summoned to approve a Lex or Leges, a simple majority of those tribes casting votes must vote in favor for the Lex to be adopted. A simple majority is defined for this purpose as one half of the number of tribes casting votes plus one, with any fractions being rounded down. If a tribe is tied, the tribe will be counted as a ‘No’ vote and there will be no tie breaking procedure. A tribe in which no voter cast votes is declared vacant and shall not be counted or used to determine the outcome of the vote.<br />
:E. If the Comitia was summoned to conduct a legal proceeding, a majority of the tribes must vote in favor of conviction in order for the accused to be condemned. In the case of a trial before the Comitia Plebis Tributa, a majority is defined as one half of the total number of tribes, plus one, fractions being rounded down. Even those tribes in which no voters cast votes shall be counted, as implicit votes for acquittal, toward the total. If a tribe has no members enrolled the election officials are instructed to remove those tribes from consideration during the vote counting process. Thus, only tribes with at least one citizen enrolled shall be counted to determine the outcome of a legal proceeding – any tribe without at least one enrolled citizen (vacant tribes) shall not be counted.<br />
:F. Votes may be tallied by automated means should the election officials determine such is preferable to, and at least as accurate as, a manual count.<br />
:G. Results shall be tabulated by tribe.<br />
:H. Only the aggregate votes of the tribes shall be delivered to the presiding magistrate; the votes of individual citizens shall be secret.<br />
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== VI. Breaking of Ties ==<br />
The following are the only methods to be utilized to determine the results of ties. The process to be used will be exactly, and only, in the order shown - in other words no choosing. If a victor is not determined by Tie Breaker #1 then Tie Breaker #2 will be used, and if a clear winner is not determined by Tie Breaker #2 then Tie Breaker #3 will be used to determine a winner. If there is still no clear winner then Tie Breaker #4 will be used. The tie breaking method outlined here will be utilized to resolve ties within individual tribes as well as in the sum total of the Comitia.<br />
:A. Tie Breaker #1: If a tie between candidates occurs, the candidate who has been a citizen of Nova Roma the longest, as determined by the Censores based on the date of citizenship recorded in the Album Civium, shall prevail. <br />
:B. Tie Breaker #2: If the candidates remain tied because they have the same length of time as citizens of Nova Roma then the candidate with the largest number of Century Points, as determined by the Censores based on the Century Point totals recorded in the Album Civium, shall prevail. <br />
:C. Tie Breaker #3: If the candidates remain tied because they have the same length of citizenship and the same number of Century Points recorded in the Album Civium then the oldest candidate, as determined by the Censores based date of birth, shall be prevail. <br />
:D. Tie Breaker #4: In the highly unlikely event that the candidates have the same length of citizenship, same number of Century Points and the same date of birth then the tie shall be resolved by the Censores using a random lot to determine the winner. In this final method to break a tie, a random lot will be drawn until the tie is resolved and a clear winner is determined. The Censores of Nova Roma shall determine which types of random lots are appropriate for use in tie breaking. The casting of a random lot must be witnessed by at least three Senators and one Pontifex. Neither of the Censores may act as witnesses. The casting of random lot may be conducted and witnessed online using appropriate video conferencing technology.<br />
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== VII. Certification of the Vote ==<br />
:A. The Censores have the responsibility and powers to investigate any verifiable concern regarding the voting in the Comitia at any time during the voting period and up to 24 hours after the presiding magistrate has announced the close of the voting period. <br />
:B. If the Censores need additional time, one or both Censores may seek an extension of time from the presiding magistrate. The presiding magistrate has the discretion to approve an extension or not. <br />
:C. The Censores formally certify the election by sending a written notification to the presiding magistrate that they, “Approve and certify the Comitia results.” <br />
:D. If the Censores fail to approve and certify the Comitia results:<br />
::1. The Censores are required to explain their rationale to the presiding magistrate. <br />
::2. With this notification the presiding magistrate notifies the Senate. Within 48 hours, the presiding magistrate issues an emergency summons of the Senate for the sole purpose of addressing this issue and to promulgate a Senatus Consulta based on the Comitia situation. <br />
:::a) If the Senate decides to override the decision of the Censores, the Censores can either (1) certify the election or (2) refuse to sign. If the Censores choose to refuse to sign, the Senate certifies the election in place of the Censores. <br />
:::b) If the Senate determines that the Censores issues are valid and agree with the Censores the results of the Comitia are null and void. <br />
::3. The presiding magistrate notifies the People and closes the Comitia and the Comitia will need to be completely restarted.<br />
:E. If the Censores fail to respond within the 24 hour timeframe, the Censores are deemed to have consented and the Comitia results can then be posted by the presiding magistrate. <br />
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[[Category:Leges (Nova Roma)]]</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianushttp://novaroma.org/nr/Rogatio_Cornelia_Poenalis_(Nova_Roma)Rogatio Cornelia Poenalis (Nova Roma)2013-11-30T01:17:06Z<p>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus: Protected "Rogatio Cornelia Poenalis (Nova Roma)": Comitia in progress ([edit=sysop] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite))</p>
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<div>Introduction: Nova Roma must have a method to administer and adjudicate conflicts between citizens. This has been an area of ongoing concern since Nova Roma was created. The most recent attempt, the Leges Salicia, have not been successful. There are multiple problems with the Leges Salicia. The recent unpleasantness with the trials that Nova Roma have gone through have proven beyond a doubt that Nova Roma needed to rethink how we balance the need for conflict resolution while taking steps to ensure the protection of the Organization. This law achieves that balance.<br />
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I. The lex Salicia iudiciaria and the lex Salicia poenalis are repealed.<br />
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II. Any attempt to introduce or change the current judicial system or administratively alter the procedures within and for Nova Roma, by any legal instrument lower than a promulgated lex, shall be illegal.<br />
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III. The judicial system of Nova Roma shall be based solely on the Code of Conduct as defined in this lex.<br />
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IV. Only the praetors, consuls, censors and Senate shall enforce and administer the Code of Conduct.<br />
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V. The Code of Conduct shall be applicable and have legal force within:<br />
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a. All official fora under the control of the praetors<br />
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b. Those communication venues under the care, custody and control of the Senate<br />
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c. Those communication venues under the care, custody and control of the provincial governors.<br />
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d. Those communication venues under the care, custody and control of official Nova Roman sodalities, as defined by the Senate.<br />
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e. Those communication venues under the care, custody and control of the Collegium Pontificum or the Collegium Augurum as defined by the collegium concerned and such definition being ratified by the Senate.<br />
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f. Official Nova Roman in-person meetings, authorised and/or sponsored by a magistrate of Nova Roma, the Senate, the Collegium Pontificum, the Collegium Augurum or a provincial magistrate.<br />
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VI. The Code of Conduct shall be as follows:<br />
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a. A person who advocates or otherwise promotes or publicises a prohibited course of action in any area as defined at section V above, or commits an act in support of such a course of action, whether such act is successful in its execution or not, shall be deemed to have breached the Code of Conduct.<br />
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b. The following are courses of action that are, for the purposes of section II.B.4 of the Nova Roman Constitution, deemed to represent and imminent and clear danger to the Republic and are thus prohibited for the purposes of section VI.a above together with the relevant penalty schedule (as defined below) that shall apply :<br />
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i. The overthrow and/or replacement of a magistrate(s), official (elected or appointed) and/or Senate of Nova Roma by any method that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule I)<br />
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ii. Threats of violence, intimidation or harm to person(s) or threats to damage property (schedule I)<br />
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iii. The theft of, or destruction or damage to corporate assets (schedule I)<br />
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iv. The provision of data or information from any Nova Roman record or database to an unauthorised person or organization. Exceptions are for the purpose of complying with a legal demand by macronational authorities, and in order to protect and/or preserve the corporate status of Nova Roma Inc. (schedule I)<br />
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v. The dissolution of Nova Roma by any method that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule II)<br />
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vi. The removal of the religio publica as the official religion of Nova Roma by any method that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule II)<br />
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vii. The surrender or sabotage of the corporate status of Nova Roma Inc. by any method that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule II)<br />
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viii. Public displays of hatred towards any person, or group of persons, based on colour, race, religion, ethnic origin, gender or sexual orientation(schedule III)<br />
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ix. Extolling the benefits and/or values of an organization deemed by the Senate to be a competing organization (schedule III)<br />
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x. Resigning from any magistracy or office at a time critical to the security and/or well-being of Nova Roma, where such resignation would likely pose an imminent and clear danger to the continued survival, or orderly functioning of, Nova Roma, and where no other magistrate or official of equal or greater authority currently holds office, or where such other magistrate or official is unavailable (schedule IV)<br />
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xi. Engaging in a pattern of behaviour and communication during a comitia summons, with the intended result of disrupting and/or terminating any vote within that comitia that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule IV)<br />
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xii. Engaging in a pattern of behaviour and communication that violates the Terms of Service (ToS) of any communication venue owned by a third party service or company, and which Nova Roma utilizes, thereby imperilling, impeding or preventing Nova Roma’s right to use that communication venue. (schedule IV)<br />
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c. Any citizen of Nova Roma may present a praetor with a complaint alleging a breach of the Code of Conduct. Upon receipt of such information the praetor must within 7 calendar days of such receipt review the evidence presented as well as any other evidence which the praetor subsequently discovers upon investigation of the allegation. If the praetor upon review of such evidence concludes there is no breach of the Code of Conduct no further action shall be taken. If the praetor considers that there is reasonable suspicion that a breach of the Code of Conduct has occurred, then:<br />
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i. The praetor must then contact the person at section VI.a and request an explanation for the alleged breach of the Code of Conduct and require an answer within 14 calendar days.<br />
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ii. Should no answer be received by the praetor within 14 calendar days then the person at section VI.a shall be automatically deemed to have breached the Code of Conduct.<br />
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iii. Should an answer be received within 14 calendar days the praetor shall review it and determine if:<br />
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1. A response can be made from the individual accused and/or by a representative on behalf of the accused.<br />
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2. There is no clear and convincing evidence of the accused having violated the Code of Conduct. If that is the case, no further action shall be taken.<br />
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3. There is evidence a breach has occurred but mitigating circumstances exist. If there is evidence of such then the praetor has the discretionary power to issue a warning and not impose a penalty, or should the praetor not wish to exercise that discretion a level (a) penalty under the relevant schedule shall be imposed. Should a person who has been warned previously commit further similar or greater, as defined by the praetor, breaches of the Code of Conduct then this discretionary power shall not be exercised and a level (c) penalty under the relevant schedule shall be imposed.<br />
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4. There is evidence a breach has occurred and there are no mitigating circumstances and no aggravating circumstances. If there is evidence of such, then the praetor shall impose a level (b) penalty under the relevant schedule.<br />
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5. There is evidence a breach has occurred and there are no mitigating circumstances and aggravating circumstances exist. If there is evidence of such, then the praetor shall impose a level (c) penalty under the relevant schedule.<br />
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6. If If there is a guilty decision on any item covered under section v.b.i – v.b.xiii, then the praetor shall transfer authority over the matter to the princeps senatus, who shall issue a call to convene the Senate into a formal meeting of the Senate in session, as defined by the SENATUS CONSULTUM DE RATIONE SENATUS MMDCCLXV. The princeps senatus shall present the Senate with such evidence and the matter shall be debated by the Senate. The princeps senatus shall present a draft senatus consultum to the Senate that asks it to decide whether the alleged breach has occurred and to approve the sentencing of the infraction according to the schedule listed in this lex.<br />
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a. The princeps senatus shall have the administrative discretion to judicially review the administrative process conducted by the Praetor, can conduct necessary discovery, and recommend alternative sentences. The only limitation is that the princeps senatus cannot impose any sentence in excess of the schedule listed in this lex.<br />
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7. In assessment of evidence, or mitigating circumstances or aggravating circumstances, the praetor shall determine those by use of his/her own judgement.<br />
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8. If any punishment is so warranted by any empowered magistrate or empowered individual covered in section iii before said punishment may be applied it must be reviewed by the Senate of Nova Roma. If the Senate of Nova Roma does not approve by consent of the voting members of the senate (simple majority of all senators present) then the punishment is voided and not applied. Only after the consent of the Senate may any punishment be applied.<br />
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iv. The following define Schedule I to Schedule IV penalties:<br />
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1. Schedule I (levels a, b and c)<br />
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a. Mitigation: Banishment from Nova Roma for 10 years to 19 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 5 years from the date of return.<br />
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b. No mitigation and no aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 20 years to 29 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 7 years from the date of return.<br />
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c. No mitigation and aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 30 years to 99 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: perpetual loss of the right to stand for any public office.<br />
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2. Schedule II (levels a, b and c)<br />
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a. Mitigation: Banishment from Nova Roma for 4 years to 5 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 1 year from the date of return.<br />
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b. No mitigation and no aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 6 years to 7 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 2 years from the date of return.<br />
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c. No mitigation and aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 8 years to 9 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 4 years from the date of return.<br />
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3. Schedule III (levels a, b and c)<br />
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a. Mitigation: Banishment from Nova Roma for 1 year.<br />
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b. No mitigation, no aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 2 years.<br />
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c. Aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 3 years.<br />
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4. Schedule IV (levels a, b and c)<br />
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a. Mitigation: Loss of membership from all areas at section V that the person at VI.a might legitimately be admitted to at the time of the imposition of the penalty and loss of voting rights and right to stand for any public office for, or be appointed to, any office or position in Nova Roma, for 6 months to 1 year<br />
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b. No mitigation, no aggravating circumstances: Loss of membership from all areas at section V that the person at VI.a might legitimately be admitted to at the time of the imposition of the penalty and loss of voting rights and right to stand for any public office for, or be appointed to, any office or position in Nova Roma, for 1 year to 5 years<br />
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c. Aggravating circumstances: : Loss of membership from all areas at section V that the person at VI.a might legitimately be admitted to at the time of the imposition of the penalty and loss of voting rights and right to stand for any public office for, or be appointed to, any office or position in Nova Roma for 5 year to 10 years<br />
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v. Where a range of years in the form of a penalty exists, the praetor shall, at his or her own discretion, choose the exact amount of years from within that range, excluding section VI.c.III.5 where the vote of the Senate imposes the penalty and level.<br />
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vi. The right of appeal upon imposition of a penalty under this lex shall be defined as the exercise of the right of provocatio, as per section II.B.5 of the Nova Roman Constitution. If the declared guilty party wins their provactio appeal, then all previous decisions, related to the appeal, are overturned and all punitive measures cease immediately.<br />
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vii. The mechanism for imposing the penalty shall be by means of a praetorial edict issued by the presiding praetor. The censors must upon publication of the praetorial edict record the details of the penalty in the Album civium entry for the person at VI.a.<br />
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d. The praetor shall use his/her own judgement in determining the facts of a matter, and/or evaluating evidence in respect of that matter, concerning an alleged breach of the Code of Conduct. This also applies to the Senate with regard to judicial review of any guilty verdict.<br />
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e. In cases where there is a difference between the decision of the Praetor and a decision reached by the Senate of Nova Roma the decision by the Senate of Nova Roma is the decision of final resort.<br />
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f. There shall be a limitation on the period of time for each breach during which the actions described in this lex can be utilized and after that time no action shall be taken, dated from the time and date offense or action. The limitations according to the associated schedule number for the breach concerned are:<br />
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i. Schedule I: 10 years <br />
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ii. Schedule II 5 years<br />
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iii. Schedule III: 3 years<br />
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iv. Schedule IV: 1 year<br />
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VII. Rights of all citizens under this lex. <br />
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a. Citizens have the right to know who their accuser is.<br />
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b. Citizens have a right to a defense and may seek representation. Citizens also have a right to know the accusations and evidence presented against them.<br />
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c. Any punishment determined by the praetor is suspended and shall not take effect until the Senate ratifies that punishment by vote and 48 hours have passed in order to exercise the right of provactio.<br />
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VIII Upon enactment of this lex, the only lawful method of subsequently superseding, amending or repealing this lex must be by way of a vote in the Comitia Centuriata that must achieve an extraordinary majority of 2/3s or greater (67% or greater) of the total Centuries.</div>Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Postumianus