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[[Category:Gentes (Nova Roma)]] [[Category: Nova Roma]] {{NR Society articles}} =What is a gens?= <onlyinclude>A '''''gens''''' is a group of families sharing a common ''[[nomen]]'': for example, [[Marcus Cornelius Gualterus Graecus (Nova Roma)|M. '''Cornelius''' Gualterus Graecus]], [[Gnaeus Cornelius Lentulus (Nova Roma)|Cn. '''Cornelius''' Lentulus]], and [[Tiberius Cornelius Scipio (Nova Roma)|Ti. '''Cornelius''' Scipio]] are all '''Cornelii''', or members of the '''''gens''''' '''Cornelia'''. Membership of a ''gens'' is hereditary: a Roman child is in the ''gens'' of his or her father. Some ancient ''gentes'' claimed that all their members were descended from a common ancestor, but this was perhaps never true; in any case it was not true by the middle of the ancient republic, and is certainly not true today. Nonetheless, in ancient times many noble ''gentes'' maintained close internal ties of kinship and support, and members of the same ''gens'' were often political allies. Many ''gentes'' also had shared religious traditions ([[Sacra gentilicia (Nova Roma)|''sacra gentilicia'']]), and it was socially unacceptable for members of the same ''gens'' to marry. *[[:Category:Gentes (Nova Roma)|List of Nova Roman ''gentes'']] ==Branches (domús)== A ''gens'' is further divided to branches (''stirpes'') which are in Nova Roma - mistakenly - called ''domús''. A ''domus'' (or more correctly: ''stirps'') includes all members of the ''gens'' who share the same ''[[nomen]]-[[cognomen]]'' combination: for example, Cn. '''Cornelius Lentulus''' Maior, Cn. '''Cornelius Lentulus''', and L. '''Cornelia Lentula''' are all '''Cornelii Lentuli''', or members of the '''''domus''''' '''Cornelia Lentula'''. Members of the same ''domus'' are officially considered real blood relatives by Nova Roma, brothers, close or distant paternal cousins. A new citizen who wants to take the nomen-cognomen combination of an already existing ''domus'', can only do so if a majority vote of the members of the ''domus'' allows him to take the name of the ''domus'', and acknowledges him as a real relative. Membership of a ''domus'' is hereditary: a Roman child is in the ''domus'' of his father. ==Families== The ''domús'' are divided to families, headed by a ''pater familias'' (father) or a ''mater familias'' (mother) who act as the leaders of the family and speak for it when necessary. The holders of this position must be registered as such with the [[censor (Nova Roma)|censors]]. The ''pater familias'' or ''mater familias'' may, at his, her, or their discretion, expel members of his, her, or their family, accept new members into it by adoption, or allow members to form new Nova Roman families belonging to the same order (patrician or plebeian) Families are the basic operating units of Nova Roman society, each family having the sacred and inalienable right to self-government, to their own identity and cultural family traditions, religious or otherwise. Families being the backbone of Roman society, the prerogatives and responsibilities of the familia are of primary importance to Nova Roma. Each family has the right to determine its own course of action and parents shall have the undisputed right and responsibility to see to the education and raising of their children.</onlyinclude> <div style="float:center; padding: 0em 1em 0em 0em">__TOC__</div> '''For a description of historically attested gentes of ancient Rome, see the page on ''[[Gens]]''.''' __TOC__ =Unhistorical Gentes of Nova Roma= In addition to the [[Gens|historically attested gentes of ancient Rome]], Nova Rom has seen a series of unattested or unverified nomen names. This list is not exhaustive. Provided information on any historical links may not be verified. Authentic historical names may be classified as unattested or unhistorical if they did not fall within or clsoe to the Republic period. ==Apollonia== Probably a nomen of greek origin. The Apolloni attested in the Smith' Dictionary were artists, medici, etc. We can not be sure if there was a Roman gens Apollonia during the old republic. A number of Apollonii, and one Apollonia, are attested in inscriptions dating from republican times, even going back to before the Hannibalic War, but it's insecure if they were Roman citizens. The name appears to derive from the Greek name Apollonios. Many of the inscriptions may record slaves rather than citizens. The only ancient republican Apollonius who we can be confident was probably a Roman citizen, or at least an important Italian aristocrat, is T. Apollonius C. f.. Among the modern Apollonii the praenomina Marcus, Tiberius, Servius, Aulus, and Sextus are commonly used. The praenomina Decimus, Gnaeus, Manius, Appius, and Vibius are never used by members of the gens. ==Adriana== Unhistorical gens created in Fl. Vedio (II) M. Cassio (II) cos. ‡ MMDCCLIV a.u.c. by Marianus Adrianus Sarus, citizen of Provincia Hispania when he joined Nova Roma. ==Aeteia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. ==Aeternia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. ==Agoria== Gens Agoria was revived as a Gens name available to citizens of Nova Roma in 2002 by Galus Agorius Taurinus. While researching details of the historical struggle between Christianity and Roman Pagans, he came across a reference to Praetextatus in Pierre Chuvin's book "A Chronicle of the Last Pagans". GENS AGORIA is a Gens of Nova Roma named after Vettius Agorius Praetextatus, an important fourth-century Roman imperial official and "leader of the pagans in the Senate, a devout adherent of traditional religion". Praetextatus was proconsul of Achaea in 362 under the philhellenic pagan Emperor Julian the 'Apostate', a particular honour. Praetextatus was prefect of Rome in 367 under the Emperor Valentinian, when Christian factions were disputing the papacy. During this period he restored the Portico of the Twelve Gods with its statues in the Roman Forum. He was prefect of the Praetorian guard when he died in 384, and consul elect for 385, the year of his wife's death. http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html ==Apula== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. A known Nova Roman is [[Franciscus Apulus Caesar (Nova Roma)|Franciscus Apulus Caesar]]. ==Arminia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. Nova Romans with this name include [[Lucius Arminius Faustus (Nova Roma)|Lucius Arminius Faustus]], [[Titus Arminius Genialis (Nova Roma)|Titus Arminius Genialis]], and [[Gaius Arminius Reccanellus (Nova Roma)|Gaius Arminius Reccanellus]]. ==Bianchia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. A registered Nova Roman with this name is [[Marcus Bianchius Antonius (Nova Roma)|Marcus Bianchius Antonius]]. ==Capenia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. ==Constantina== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. A registered Nova Roman with this name is [[Manius Constantinus Serapio (Nova Roma)|Manius Constantinus Serapio]]. ==Cordia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. ==Fidelia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. A registered Nova Roman with this name is [[Lucius Fidelius Lusitanus (Nova Roma)|Lucius Fidelius Lusitanus]]. ==Gladia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. A registered Nova Roman with this name is [[Decimus Gladius Lupus (Nova Roma)|Decimus Gladius Lupus]]. ==Iriminia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. ==Lucia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. Lucius is a common praenomen in the ancient Roman Republic. ==Martiania== A gens that didn't appear until the imperial period. A Martinianus was noted as a magister officiorum to the emperor Licinius, by whom he was elevated to the dignity of Caesar, when active preparations were in progress for the last great struggle against Constantine. Martinianus was compelled to surrender himself to the conqueror, along with his patron, whose fate he shared towards thr. end of A. D. 323. A rare coin in third brass is found in some collections bearing the legend D. N. MARTINIANUS P. F. AUG., which would indicate that he was created Augustus ; and this conclusion might be drawn from the words of Victor. (De Caes. 41.) [Compare VALENS, AURELIUS VALERIUS.] (Exerpta Vales. 25, 28, 29; Victor, de Caes. 41, Epit. 41 ; Zosim. 2.25, 26, 28.).<ref>William Smith. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. London. John Murray: printed by Spottiswoode and Co., New-Street Square and Parliament Street. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DM%3Aentry+group%3D11%3Aentry%3Dmartinianus-bio-1</ref> Gens Martiania is one of the early gentes of Nova Roma. It was formed when Marcus Martianius Gangalius became the 173rd citizen in MMDCCLVI. The Roman name Martiania unites two of the gens' primary interests: the study of classical Roman civilization, and the exploration of space in general but particularly the exploration of the planet Mars. It is a name which simultaneously recalls the past and summons the future. Symbolic of these twin influences is Martianus Minneus Felix Capella, a Roman writer of the early 5th century, who espoused the heliocentric theory of the universe a thousand years before Nicolaus Copernicus revived the idea. The motto of the gens, "contendere, explorare, invenire, et non cedere", is a Latin translation of "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield," a line from Alfred Lord Tennyson's poem "Ulysses." This line is inscribed on a monument in Antarctica to Robert Scott's tragic expedition to the South Pole, men who made the ultimate sacrifice to expand human knowledge. The traditions of the gens Martiania encourage its members to be active in building social, civil, and religious institutions that existed in the classical Roman world. Additionally, they encourage membership and active participation in space advocacy organizations to further the goals of exploring and eventually colonizing the planet Mars. Marcus Martianius Gangalius was appointed Aedilis Curulis and webmaster of Nova Roma in the year MMDCCLII; however, he opposed the dictator Flavius Vedius Germanicus and was removed from his positions. He served as Legatus of California Superior from MMDCCLIII to MMDCCLVIII, and he has been a Soldalus Palatini since MMDCCLVII. Other early members were: *Gaia Martiania Gangalia Cunicula *Leona Martiania Gangalia Bactrica Bellatrix *Marca Martiania Gangalia Marcella *Fausta Martiania Gangalia Minervalis *Titus Martianius Lupus *Marcus Martianius Lupus ==Meridia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. GENS MERIDIA is a fictitious gens created for the film Gladiator. ==Moravia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. Nova Romans with this name include [[Gaius Moravius Laureatus Armoricus (Nova Roma)|Gaius Moravius Laureatus Armoricus]], [[Arnamentia Moravia Aurelia (Nova Roma)|Arnamentia Moravia Aurelia]], and [[Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus (Nova Roma)|Marcus Moravius Piscinus Horatianus]]. ==Pellia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. ==Portia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. Portius is just a mispelling of the name Porcius. ==Promethea== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. A registered Nova Roman with this name is [[Marcus Decius Prometheus Golias (Nova Roma)|Marcus Decius Prometheus Golias]]. ==Ritulia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. Probably is an incorrect form of Rutilia. ==Servia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. SERVIUS, a common Roman praenomen, also occurs as the gentile name of a few persons, though even in the case of these persons the gentile name may have been dropped, and Servius be simply a praenomen. ==Silvia== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. SILVIUS, the son of Ascanius, is said to have been so called because he was born in a wood. All the succeeding kings of Alba bore the cognomen Silvius. The series of these mythical kings is given somewhat differently by Livy, Ovid, and Dionysius (Liv. i. 3 j Ov. Met. xiv. 609, &c. ; Dionys. i. 70, 71). ==Spuria== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. Spurius is a roman praenomen. ==Triboniana== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. ==Ulleria== This Gens is unhistorical or unattested. A registered Nova Roman with this name is [[Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator (Nova Roma)|Publius Ullerius Stephanus Venator]]. ==Valeriana== The Gens Valeriana is a Nova Roman plebeian gens born Q. Maximo M. Minucio cos. ‡ MMDCCLIII a.u.c. with the citizenship of Gaius Valerianus Germanicus. =Nova Roman Gentes Historical Snapshots= ==Patrician gentes in {{2008}} (2008)== #Annaea #Annia (from ''Ulleria'') #Antonia #Aurelia (from ''Ambrosia'') #Cassia #Claudia #Cornelia #Fabia #Flavia #Fulvia (from ''Ambrosia'') #Iulia #Iunia #Lucretia (from ''Gladia'') #Minucia #Octavia #Sergia (from ''Silvania'', which became extinct, then again from ''Ambrosia'') #Tullia #Ulleria (unhistorical) #Valeria (from ''Ambrosia'') #Vedia #Velia ==Patrician gentes that became extinct since {{2004}} (2004)== #Aelia (extinct) (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Ambrosia (unhistorical) (extinct) #Decia (elevated from plebeian status for religious objectives in 2013) (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Equitia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Gladia (unhistorical) (extinct) #Petronia (from ''Africanus Secundus'') (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Terentia (from ''Cornelius'') (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) ==Patrician gentes around {{2004}} (2004)== The comments in parentheses refer to their current status. #Aelia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Africana Secunda (unhistorical) (extinct) #Ambrosia (unhistorical) (extinct) #Annaea #Antonia #Cassia #Claudia #Cordia (unhistorical) (extinct) #Cornelia #Equitia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Fabia #Flavia #Gladia (unhistorical) (extinct) #Grylla (unhistorical) (extinct) #Hadriania (unhistorical) (extinct) #Iulia #Iunia #Luciana (unhistorical) (extinct) #Maria (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Minucia #Octavia #Planincola (unhistorical) (extinct) #Portia (unhistorical) (extinct) #Silvania (unhistorical) (extinct) #Tullia #Ulleria (unhistorical) #Vedia #Velia |valign="top"| ==Patrician gentes on May 4, {{1999}} (1999)== The comments in parentheses refer to their current status. #Gens Aelia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Gens Ambrosia (extinct) #Gens Antonia #Gens Aurelia #Gens Cassia #Gens Claudia #Gens Cordia (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Cornelia #Gens Drusia ''or Drusa'' (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Equitia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Gens Flavia #Gens Germanica (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Gladia (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Hadriania ''or Hadriana'' (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Iulia #Gens Iunia #Gens Leonina (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Luciania ''or Luciana'' (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Maria (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Gens Minucia #Gens Nigeria ''or Nigra'' (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Octavia #Gens Planincolia ''or Planincola'' (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Poppaea (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Gens Portia (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Silvania (unhistorical) (extinct) #Gens Terentia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Gens Titia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) #Gens Vedia #Gens Velia ==Gentes on April 21, {{1998}} (1998)== On the 21st of April (the birthday of Rome), 1998, at 10:54 AM, these were the ''gentes'' of Nova Roma, in order of creation, all patrician, except gens Caecilia. The comments in parentheses refer to their current status. *1, Gens Vedia *2, Gens Cassia *3, Gens Iunia *4, Gens Maria (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) *5, Gens Antonia *6, Gens Octavia *7, Gens Nigeria ''or Nigra'' (unhistorical) (extinct) *8, Gens Iulia *9, Gens Equitia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) *10, Gens Aelia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) *11, Gens Silvania (unhistorical) (extinct) *12, Gens Cornelia *13, Gens Velia *14, Gens Hadriania ''or Hadriana'' (unhistorical) (extinct) *15, Gens Cordia (unhistorical) (extinct) *16, Gens Planincola (unhistorical) (extinct) *17, Gens Drusia ''or Drusa'' (unhistorical) (extinct) *18, Gens Germanica (unhistorical) (extinct) *19, Gens Maternia (unhistorical) (extinct) *20, Gens Aurelia *21, Gens Terentia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) *22, Gens Gladia (unhistorical) (extinct) *23, Gens Luciania ''or Luciana'' (unhistorical) (extinct) *24, Gens Titia (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) *25, Gens Poppaea (extinct as patrician, continues as plebeian) *26, Gens Leonina (unhistorical) (extinct) *27, Gens Ambrosia (unhistorical) (extinct) *28, Gens Flavia *29, Gens Claudia *30, Gens Caecilia Metella (this was the original plebeian gens) *31, Gens Portia (unhistorical) (extinct) The first plebeian gens to be elevated to the patrician order was gens Minucia. M. Minucius Audens was raised to Patrician status in December of 1998, while Cincinnatus and Palladius were in the last days of their terms as praetores urbani. Cassius and Palladius as censors nominated Audens, Cassius as consul presented the nomination to the senate. Audens sent a letter to the senate Dec. 24, 1998 thanking us for our "unanimous approval in raising my Gens Minucia to Patrician Level." Later many of the original patrician gentes became extinct, and the following gentes were elevated to patrician status to replace them: *Africana Secunda, *Annaea, *Antonia, *Fabia, *Grylla, *Minucia, *Nigra, *Tullia, *Ulleria. After about 13 years without another elevation, C. Decius Laterensis was adlected into the patriciate in order to be eligible for the ''flamen Martialis'' priesthood, which was deemed an urgency to be filled. With his adlection to the patriciate, a new patrician gens was created, the ''gens Decia''. <references/>

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