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IN·MEMORIAM·A·TVLLIAE·SCHOLASTICAE·AVGVSTAE·PRINCIPIS·SENATVS·CENSORIS·IIII·CONSVLIS·II·PRAETRICIS

Cn. Lentulus offers a corona, a garland or wreath on an altar at the reconstructed Roman villa of the Carnuntum Museum

These are modern rituals for cultores of the religio Romana to perform on the Kalends at their lararium. The Kalends are sacred to Juno, but Janus has also a special role as guardian of the beginnings, and thus the guardian of the first day of the months. The Lar Familiaris was also celebrated on each Kalends, Nones and Ides as protector of the home, and traditionally Romans decorated their lararium with garlands and wreaths as an offering to the Lar. Accordingly, these restored Kalends rituals below specially address Juno and Janus and the offering of wreaths and garlands to the Lar Familiaris. These Kalends rituals are intended for private and domestic worship, and replace the basic daily rituals, so they are practically extended versions of the daily rituals used for the Kalends. They are modelled on the prayers found in Cato's De Agricultura and various prayers found on imperial era inscriptions (for example, the Acta Ludorum Saecularium). The rituals should be performed; if possible, in a clean tunica and toga for males, for females in tunica, stola and palla. The toga or palla should be draped capite velato, so as to veil the performer from any and all ill omens that might present themselves in the course of the ritual. It is acceptable to perform this ritual in a more casual manner, without toga and in a cloak instead (e. g. lacerna), or even just in tunica, or even in modern clothes.

You may find more information on household worship in our article on simple rituals for starters.

Opening of the Kalends ritual

If others attend, say the following opening expression, but if you pray alone, it is not needed:

Be favorable by your tongues!

Favete linguis!

Wash both hands in clean salted water and say:

Father Janus, be blessed.

Iane pater, macte esto.

Approach the lararium capite velato, ignite the fire on your lararium, for example a lucerna, then say:

Mother Vesta, be blessed.

Vesta mater, macte esto.

Perform the adoratio, then you can start the invocations and prayers.

Closing of the Kalends ritual

Extinguish the fire on your lararium, and say:

Mother Vesta, be blessed.

Vesta Mater, macte esto.

Father Janus, be blessed.

Iane pater, macte esto.

This is the end of the ritual. Perform the adoratio, and if others attend, say the following closing expression, but if you pray alone, it is not needed:

You can go!

Ilicet!

Shortened Kalends rituals

Shortened Kalends morning ritual

Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Decorate your lararium with one or more wreaths or garlands, or if it is not possible, with flowers, burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke all your household gods:

Janus Matutinus, mother Vesta, mother Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new day and of this new month, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household today, so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Iane Matutine, Vesta mater, Iuno mater, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes (select list of ancestors in vocative), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in vocative), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis, huiusce novi diei novique mensis initio, corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis), et hoc thure ommovendo vos precor, ut me, domum familiamque meam hodie et hoc mense bene tutemini, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, et ut sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.

Sacrifice a spelt cake sprinkled with salt to all your household gods, and wine and garlands separately to the Lar Familiaris, after this prayer:

For these reasons, be blessed by this libum! Father Lar, for the same reasons be blessed by the wine, be blessed by the wreath/wreaths (flowers).

Harum rerum ergo macte hoc libo estote! Lar pater, eurundem rerum ergo macte hoc vino esto, macte corona/coronis (floribus) esto.

If you have more time, you should individually invoke, and sacrifice to, all the deities you called upon in the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum, wine (to male deities only) or incense to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer below, repeating this for all of your household deities. Remember when calling upon the Manes that you point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):

(Name of deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum/wine/incense.

(Name of deity in vocative), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo/vino/thure esto.

Sacrifice spelt cake sprinkled with salt to Juno for the Kalends:

Mother Juno, on these Kalends of yours sacred to you, on the beginning of this new month, I pray that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family this month. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.

Iuno mater, his Kalendis tuis sacris, huiusce novi mensis initio te precor, ut hoc mense sis volens propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

Sacrifice spelt cake sprinkled with salt to Janus for the Kalends:

Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this month, for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.

Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius mensis initio, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:

Janus Matutinus, Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.

Iane Matutine, Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in vocative), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in vocative), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.

Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Shortened Kalends evening ritual

The evening ritual should be performed only if you have already done a standalone (or midday) ritual, or if you specifically want to ask the gods' protection for the night. Otherwise, if your first Kalends prayer that day is made in the evening, use the standalone Kalends ritual.

Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke all your household gods:

Father Janus, mother Vesta, mother Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, on the end of this day, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household today, so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Iane pater, Vesta mater, Iuno mater, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes (select list of ancestors in vocative), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in vocative), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio et huiusce diei exitio, corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis), et hoc thure ommovendo vos precor, ut me, domum familiamque meam hodie et hoc mense bene tutemini, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, et ut sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.

Sacrifice a spelt cake sprinkled with salt to all your household gods, after this prayer:

For these reasons, be blessed by this libum!

Harum rerum ergo macte hoc libo estote!

If you have more time, you should individually invoke, and sacrifice to, all the deities you called upon in the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum, wine (to male deities only) or incense to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer below, repeating this for all of your household deities. Remember when calling upon the Manes that you point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):

(Name of deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum/wine/incense.

(Name of deity in vocative), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo/vino/thure esto.

Optionally, you can repeat the morning sacrifices to Juno and Janus for the Kalends with the same prayers, but it's satisfactory if you have sacrificed to them in the morning.

If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:

Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.

Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in vocative), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in vocative), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.

Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Shortened standalone Kalends ritual, or midday ritual, without morning and evening rites

Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Decorate your lararium with one or more wreaths or garlands, or if it is not possible, with flowers, burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke all your household gods:

Father Janus, mother Vesta, mother Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household today, so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Iane pater, Vesta mater, Iuno mater, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes (select list of ancestors in vocative), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in vocative), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio, corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis), et hoc thure ommovendo vos precor, ut me, domum familiamque meam hodie et hoc mense bene tutemini, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, et ut sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.

Sacrifice a spelt cake sprinkled with salt to all your household gods, and wine and garlands separately to the Lar Familiaris, after this prayer:

For these reasons, be blessed by this libum! Father Lar, for the same reasons be blessed by the wine, be blessed by the wreath/wreaths (flowers).

Harum rerum ergo macte hoc libo estote! Lar pater, eurundem rerum ergo macte hoc vino esto, macte corona/coronis (floribus) esto.

If you have more time, you should individually invoke, and sacrifice to, all the deities you called upon in the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum, wine (to male deities only) or incense to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer below, repeating this for all of your household deities. Remember when calling upon the Manes that you point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):

(Name of deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum/wine/incense.

(Name of deity in vocative), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo/vino/thure esto.

Sacrifice spelt cake sprinkled with salt to Juno for the Kalends:

Mother Juno, on these Kalends of yours sacred to you, on the beginning of this new month, I pray that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family this month. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.

Iuno mater, his Kalendis tuis sacris, huiusce novi mensis initio te precor, ut hoc mense sis volens propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

Sacrifice spelt cake sprinkled with salt to Janus for the Kalends:

Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this month, for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.

Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius mensis initio, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:

Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.

Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in vocative), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in vocative), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.

Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Full length Kalends rituals

Kalends morning ritual

Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Decorate your lararium with one or more wreaths or garlands, or if it is not possible, with flowers, burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke Janus Matutinus, Vesta and your Lar Familiaris.

Janus Matutinus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new day and of this new month, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Iane Matutine, his Kalendis, huiusce novi diei novique mensis initio, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut sis volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.

Mother Vesta, on these Kalends, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household by being benevolent and propitious today and this month.

Vesta mater, his Kalendis te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut me, focum meum, domum meam, familiam meam hodie et hoc mense volens propitia bene tuteris.

Lar Familiaris, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new day and of this new month, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect my home and my family so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Lar familiaris, his Kalendis, huiusce novi diei novique mensis initio, te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et hoc ture obmovendo bonas preces precor, ut domum familiamque meam bene tuteris, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant.

Sacrifice a spelt cake sprinkled with salt, wine and garlands to the Lar Familiaris for the Kalends after this prayer:

Lar Familiaris, as by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering the incense I have prayed good prayers to you, for the same reason, blessed by this libum, by this wine and by the wreath/wreaths (flowers) be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Lar familiaris, ut te te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et ture dato bona prece precatus (precata, if you are a woman) sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo libando, hoc vino libando, hac corona data / his coronis datis (his floribus datis) esto fito volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.

Sacrifice spelt cake sprinkled with salt to Juno for the Kalends:

Mother Juno, on these Kalends of yours sacred to you, on the beginning of this new month, I pray that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family this month. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.

Iuno mater, his Kalendis tuis sacris, huiusce novi mensis initio te precor, ut hoc mense sis volens propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

Sacrifice spelt cake sprinkled with salt to Janus for the Kalends:

Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this month, for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.

Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius mensis initio, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

Sacrifice wine to your Manes (you can invoke some deceased family members by name) after this prayer, and while praying, point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):

My Manes, (select list of ancestors), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.

Mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in vocative), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino estote.

Sacrifice a spelt cake sprinkled with salt to your Penates and, if you have any, to your patron deities after this prayer. Insert the list of your patron deities after the invocation of the Penates:

My Penates, (list of patron gods), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.

Mi Penates, (list of patron gods in vocative), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo estote.

If you have more time or if you want to a make more solemn ritual because of the importance of the day, you should individually invoke all your patron deities after the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer, repeating this for all of your patron deities:

(Name of patron deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.

(Name of patron deity in vocative), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

Sacrifice a wine to your Genius or Iuno Genialis if you are the head of your family, if not, then to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias. If you sacrifice to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias, you still can offer a second sacrifice to your own Genius or Iuno Genialis, although it is not necessary each day:

My Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, I pray that you help me on this day and this month and be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.

Mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis te precor, ut me hodie et hoc mense adiuves et sis volens propitius/propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino esto.

If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:

Janus Matutinus, Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.

Iane Matutine, Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in vocative), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in vocative), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.

Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Kalends evening ritual

The evening ritual should be performed only if you have already done a standalone (or midday) ritual, or if you specifically want to ask the gods' protection for the night. Otherwise, if your first Kalends prayer that day is made in the evening, use the standalone Kalends ritual.

Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke Janus Matutinus, Vesta and your Lar Familiaris.

Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, on the end of this day, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio et huiusce diei exitio, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut sis volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.

Mother Vesta, on these Kalends, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household by being benevolent and propitious tonight and this month.

Vesta mater, his Kalendis te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut me, focum meum, domum meam, familiam meam hac nocte et hoc mense volens propitia bene tuteris.

Lar Familiaris, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, on the end of this day, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect my home and my family so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen tonight and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Lar familiaris, his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio et huiusce diei exitio, te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et hoc ture obmovendo bonas preces precor, ut domum familiamque meam bene tuteris, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hac nocte et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant.

Sacrifice a spelt cake sprinkled with salt, wine and garlands to the Lar Familiaris for the Kalends after this prayer:

Lar Familiaris, as by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering the incense I have prayed good prayers to you, for the same reason, blessed by this libum, by this wine and by the wreath/wreaths (flowers) be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Lar familiaris, ut te te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et ture dato bona prece precatus (precata, if you are a woman) sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo libando, hoc vino libando, hac corona data / his coronis datis (his floribus datis) esto fito volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.

Optionally, you can repeat the morning sacrifices to Juno and Janus for the Kalends with the same prayers, but it's satisfactory if you have sacrificed to them in the morning.

Sacrifice wine to your Manes (you can invoke some deceased family members by name) after this prayer, and while praying, point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):

My Manes, (select list of ancestors), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen tonight and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.

Mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in vocative), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hac nocte et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino estote.

Sacrifice a spelt cake sprinkled with salt to your Penates and, if you have any, to your patron deities after this prayer. Insert the list of your patron deities after the invocation of the Penates:

My Penates, (list of patron gods), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen tonight and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.

Mi Penates, (list of patron gods in vocative), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hac nocte et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo estote.

If you have more time or if you want to a make more solemn ritual because of the importance of the day, you should individually invoke all your patron deities after the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer, repeating this for all of your patron deities:

(Name of patron deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.

(Name of patron deity in vocative), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

Sacrifice a wine to your Genius or Iuno Genialis if you are the head of your family, if not, then to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias. If you sacrifice to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias, you still can offer a second sacrifice to your own Genius or Iuno Genialis, although it is not necessary each day:

My Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, I pray that you help me on this night and this month and be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.

Mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis te precor, ut me hac nocte et hoc mense adiuves et sis volens propitius/propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino esto.

If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:

Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.

Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in vocative), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in vocative), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.

Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Kalends standalone ritual, or midday ritual, without morning and evening rites

This ritual should be performed if you can do only one domestic ritual on a specific day, and you don't do a separate morning and night ritual that day. If, at the evening, you get a chance to perform the evening ritual, you are free to do that, too: this standalone or midday ritual doesn't inhibit the possibility for performing either or both the morning and the evening rituals, as well. If you want to do morning ritual but you are late and it is already afternoon, you should do this midday ritual instead of the morning Kalends ritual.

Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Decorate your lararium with one or more wreaths or garlands, or if it is not possible, with flowers, burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke Janus Matutinus, Vesta and your Lar Familiaris.

Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut sis volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.

Mother Vesta, on these Kalends, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household by being benevolent and propitious today and this month.

Vesta mater, his Kalendis te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut me, focum meum, domum meam, familiam meam hodie et hoc mense volens propitia bene tuteris.

Lar Familiaris, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect my home and my family so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Lar familiaris, his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio, te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et hoc ture obmovendo bonas preces precor, ut domum familiamque meam bene tuteris, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant.

Sacrifice a spelt cake sprinkled with salt, wine and garlands to the Lar Familiaris for the Kalends after this prayer:

Lar Familiaris, as by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering the incense I have prayed good prayers to you, for the same reason, blessed by this libum, by this wine and by the wreath/wreaths (flowers) be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.

Lar familiaris, ut te te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et ture dato bona prece precatus (precata, if you are a woman) sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo libando, hoc vino libando, hac corona data / his coronis datis (his floribus datis) esto fito volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.

Sacrifice spelt cake sprinkled with salt to Juno for the Kalends:

Mother Juno, on these Kalends of yours sacred to you, on the beginning of this new month, I pray that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family this month. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.

Iuno mater, his Kalendis tuis sacris, huiusce novi mensis initio te precor, ut hoc mense sis volens propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

Sacrifice spelt cake sprinkled with salt to Janus for the Kalends:

Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this month, for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.

Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius mensis initio, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

Sacrifice wine to your Manes (you can invoke some deceased family members by name) after this prayer, and while praying, point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):

My Manes, (select list of ancestors), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.

Mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in vocative), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino estote.

Sacrifice a spelt cake sprinkled with salt to your Penates and, if you have any, to your patron deities after this prayer. Insert the list of your patron deities after the invocation of the Penates:

My Penates, (list of patron gods), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.

Mi Penates, (list of patron gods in vocative), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo estote.

If you have more time or if you want to a make more solemn ritual because of the importance of the day, you should individually invoke all your patron deities after the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer, repeating this for all of your patron deities:

(Name of patron deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.

(Name of patron deity in vocative), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.

Sacrifice a wine to your Genius or Iuno Genialis if you are the head of your family, if not, then to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias. If you sacrifice to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias, you still can offer a second sacrifice to your own Genius or Iuno Genialis, although it is not necessary each day:

My Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, I pray that you help me on this day and this month and be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.

Mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis te precor, ut me hodie et hoc mense adiuves et sis volens propitius/propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino esto.

If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:

Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.

Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in vocative), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in vocative), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.

Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).

Kalends ritual (Nova Roma)

Revision as of 17:02, 6 April 2020

Contents

Opening of the Kalends ritual

Closing of the Kalends ritual

Shortened Kalends rituals

Shortened Kalends morning ritual

Shortened Kalends evening ritual

Shortened standalone Kalends ritual, or midday ritual, without morning and evening rites

Full length Kalends rituals

Kalends morning ritual

Kalends evening ritual

Kalends standalone ritual, or midday ritual, without morning and evening rites

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-{{LanguageBar|{{PAGENAME}}}}
+{{LanguageBar|{{PAGENAME}} }}
+[[Image:Carnuntum2013 0585.jpg|thumb|400px|right|[[Cn. Lentulus]] offers a ''corona'', a garland or wreath on an altar at the reconstructed Roman villa of the Carnuntum Museum]]
+These are modern rituals for ''cultores'' of the ''religio Romana'' to perform on the [[Kalends]] at their ''[[lararium]]''. The Kalends are sacred to Juno, but Janus has also a special role as guardian of the beginnings, and thus the guardian of the first day of the months. The Lar Familiaris was also celebrated on each Kalends, Nones and Ides as protector of the home, and traditionally Romans decorated their lararium with garlands and wreaths as an offering to the Lar. Accordingly, these restored Kalends rituals below specially address Juno and Janus and the offering of wreaths and garlands to the Lar Familiaris. These Kalends rituals are intended for private and domestic worship, and replace the basic [[Daily rituals (Nova Roma)|daily rituals]], so they are practically extended versions of the daily rituals used for the Kalends. They are modelled on the prayers found in Cato's ''[[De Agricultura]]'' and various prayers found on imperial era inscriptions (for example, the ''Acta Ludorum Saecularium''). The rituals should be performed; if possible, in a clean [[tunica]] and [[toga]] for males, for females in tunica, [[stola]] and [[palla]]. The toga or palla should be draped ''[[capite velato]]'', so as to veil the performer from any and all ill omens that might present themselves in the course of the ritual. It is acceptable to perform this ritual in a more casual manner, without toga and in a cloak instead (e. g. [[lacerna]]), or even just in tunica, or even in modern clothes.
-This is a modern ritual for Cultores of the Religio Romana to perform on the Kalends of each month.
-You may find information on the Kalends in Roma Antiqua here:  [[Kalends]]
+You may find more information on [[household worship]] in our article on '''[[simple rituals for starters]]'''.
-==Preparation==
+==Opening of the Kalends ritual==
-This ritual is performed in clean clothing; if possible, a clean [[tunica]] and [[toga]] are best, even better if they are white.  The toga should be worn ''capite velato'' (with the head covered), so as to veil the performer from any and all ill omens that might present themselves in the course of the ritual.
+*If others attend, say the following opening expression, but if you pray alone, it is not needed:
+::'''Be favorable by your tongues!'''
+:::'''''Favete linguis!'''''
+*Wash both hands in clean salted water and say:
+::'''Father Janus, be blessed.'''
+:::'''''Iane pater, macte esto.'''''
+*Approach the lararium [[capite velato]], ignite the fire on your lararium, for example a [[lucerna]], then say:
+::'''Mother Vesta, be blessed.'''
+:::'''''Vesta mater, macte esto.'''''
+*Perform the [[adoratio]], then you can start the invocations and prayers.
+==Closing of the Kalends ritual==
+*Extinguish the fire on your lararium, and say:
+::'''Mother Vesta, be blessed.'''
+:::'''''Vesta Mater, macte esto.'''''
+::'''Father Janus, be blessed.'''
+:::'''''Iane pater, macte esto.'''''
+*This is the end of the ritual. Perform the [[adoratio]], and if others attend, say the following closing expression, but if you pray alone, it is not needed:
+::'''You can go!'''
+:::'''''Ilicet!'''''
+= Shortened Kalends rituals =
+==Shortened Kalends morning ritual==
 <div class="scriptum">
-*Wash both hands in clean water and pray:
+*Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).
-::'''''May this water cast out all impurities from my substance as from lead to gold.'''''
+*Decorate your lararium with one or more wreaths or garlands, or if it is not possible, with flowers, burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke all your household gods:
-*Place both hands upon your head and pray:
+::'''Janus Matutinus, mother Vesta, mother Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new day and of this new month, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household today, so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
-::'''''Purify my mind.'''''
+:::'''''Iane Matutine, Vesta mater, Iuno mater, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in [[vocative]]), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis, huiusce novi diei novique mensis initio, corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis), et hoc thure ommovendo vos precor, ut me, domum familiamque meam hodie et hoc mense bene tutemini, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, et ut sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.'''''
-*Bring the arms down to your sides with hands in gesture to your body and pray:
+*Sacrifice a [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to all your household gods, and wine and garlands separately to the Lar Familiaris, after this prayer:
-::'''''Purify my body.'''''
-*Place both hands on the chest, over the heart and pray:
+::'''For these reasons, be blessed by this libum! Father Lar, for the same reasons be blessed by the wine, be blessed by the wreath/wreaths (flowers).'''
-::'''''Purify my heart.'''''
+:::'''''Harum rerum ergo macte hoc libo estote! Lar pater, eurundem rerum ergo macte hoc vino esto, macte corona/coronis (floribus) esto.'''''
-*Take a moment to focus and become fully present and affirm:
+*If you have more time, you should individually invoke, and sacrifice to, all the deities you called upon in the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum, wine (to male deities only) or incense to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer below, repeating this for all of your household deities. Remember when calling upon the Manes that you point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):
-::'''''It is so.'''''
+::'''(Name of deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum/wine/incense.'''
+:::'''''(Name of deity in [[vocative]]), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo/vino/thure esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to Juno for the Kalends:
+::'''Mother Juno, on these Kalends of yours sacred to you, on the beginning of this new month, I pray that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family this month. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iuno mater, his Kalendis tuis sacris, huiusce novi mensis initio te precor, ut hoc mense sis volens propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to Janus for the Kalends:
+::'''Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this month, for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius mensis initio, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:
+::'''Janus Matutinus, Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iane Matutine, Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in [[vocative]]), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.'''''
+*Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).
 </div>
-==The Ritual==
+==Shortened Kalends evening ritual==
+The evening ritual should be performed only if you have already done a standalone (or midday) ritual, or if you specifically want to ask the gods' protection for the night. Otherwise, if your first Kalends prayer that day is made in the evening, use the standalone Kalends ritual.
 <div class="scriptum">
-*Approach the Lararium in capite velato, adoratio, and ignite the lucerna, then pray:
+*Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).
-::'''''Be Thou well, Mother Vesta.  May Your flames always guide us to the Gods.'''''
-*Ignite the turibulum and burn some incense, with the right hand over the heart, pray:
+*Burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke all your household gods:
-::'''''Mother Vesta, may all be well this morning/day in the House of __Family and/or Gens Name__.'''''
-*Pray with both hands manu supina<ref>Varro. "Carmen Saliorum." ''Lingua Latina, VII.26''</ref>:
+::'''Father Janus, mother Vesta, mother Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, on the end of this day, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household today, so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
-::'''''Arise Father Janus, God of Good Beginnings.  Arise, Good Creator.  Arise, Janus the Gatekeeper.'''''
+:::'''''Iane pater, Vesta mater, Iuno mater, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in [[vocative]]), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio et huiusce diei exitio, corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis), et hoc thure ommovendo vos precor, ut me, domum familiamque meam hodie et hoc mense bene tutemini, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, et ut sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.'''''
-*Burn incense in the turibulum and pray manu supina:
+*Sacrifice a [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to all your household gods, after this prayer:
-::'''''Janus, Opener of the Way, may this incense find favor with You that the doors of  __Month__ may open wide and be propitious to all of Nova Roma.'''''
-*Offer a spelt cake sprinkled with salt and pray:
+::'''For these reasons, be blessed by this libum!'''
-::'''''May You be honored by this cake that You may be kind and favorable to the citizens of Nova Roma.'''''
+:::'''''Harum rerum ergo macte hoc libo estote!'''''
-*Adoratio while praying<ref>Silius Italicus. ''Punica, VII.78-85''</ref>:
+*If you have more time, you should individually invoke, and sacrifice to, all the deities you called upon in the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum, wine (to male deities only) or incense to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer below, repeating this for all of your household deities. Remember when calling upon the Manes that you point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):
-::'''''Be Thou well Mother Juno, be present O Queen of the Heavenly Gods.  Your sons and daughters of Nova Roma bring forth venerable gifts on this day, the Kalends of ________.  May you find favor with Nova Roma, that You may look kindly and favorably upon our families and households.  May Your blessings of health, good fortune and happiness be with us always!'''''
-*Pour a libation and offer a spelt cake with a prayer<ref>Cato. ''de Agricultura, 132''</ref><ref>Tibullus. ''IV.6.1 sqq.''</ref>:
+::'''(Name of deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum/wine/incense.'''
-::'''''Juno, may You be strengthened by this libation, may You be honored by the small portion of our _______.'''''
+:::'''''(Name of deity in [[vocative]]), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo/vino/thure esto.'''''
-::'''''Juno, most chaste Queen of Heaven, in offering you this cake I pray good prayers that You will be gracious and merciful to me and family, my house and household.'''''
+*Optionally, you can repeat the morning sacrifices to Juno and Janus for the Kalends with the same prayers, but it's satisfactory if you have sacrificed to them in the morning.
-*Announce the date of the Nones:
+*If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:
-::'''''I proclaim, under Juno Covella, the Nones of ________ to be held on the fifth/seventh of ________.'''''
-*Honor the Family Gods with some incense and pray:
+:: Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.'''
-::(adoratio) '''''Hail Lar Familiaris!  May You tend to the family you have established.'''''<ref>Ennius. ''Annales, I.141''</ref>
+:::'''''Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in [[vocative]]), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.'''''
-::(adoratio) '''''Be ye well, Divine Penates, may You always safeguard our home.'''''<ref>Plautus. ''Mercator, 834-5''</ref>
-::(anoint with olive oil) '''''Be Thou well Genius/Iuno of the Pater/Materfamilias, may You guide us always.'''''
-*Hang a garland across the altar and/or crown the statues of the Lares with flowers and pray<ref>Plautus. ''Mercator, 834-5''</ref>:
+*Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).
-::'''''With this garland and with this crown I venerate the Lares of our family; may our house have Your blessings of good fortune, happiness and prosperity.'''''
-*Make an offering of bread drizzled with olive oil and pray:
+</div>
-::'''''With this offering of bread and oil, may our family and house be blessed with health and long life.'''''
-*Pour a libation of wine to the Lares and pray:
-::'''''May this wine find favor with You venerable Lares.'''''
-*Adoratio while praying<ref>Afranius. ''Fabula Togata, fr. 11''</ref>:
-::'''''I pray by the Gods that everything will be made fortunate.'''''
-*Burn some incense while praying manu supina<ref>Plautus. ''Rudens, 1338-49''</ref>:
-::'''''Be well ye Immortal Gods, if I have done anything to violate this rite may You kindly receive this incense in expiation of my mortal error.'''''
-*Adoratio to the altar and announce:
+==Shortened standalone Kalends ritual, or midday ritual, without morning and evening rites==
-::'''''It is done.'''''
+<div class="scriptum">
+*Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).
+*Decorate your lararium with one or more wreaths or garlands, or if it is not possible, with flowers, burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke all your household gods:
+::'''Father Janus, mother Vesta, mother Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household today, so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Iane pater, Vesta mater, Iuno mater, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in [[vocative]]), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio, corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis), et hoc thure ommovendo vos precor, ut me, domum familiamque meam hodie et hoc mense bene tutemini, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, et ut sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.'''''
+*Sacrifice a [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to all your household gods, and wine and garlands separately to the Lar Familiaris, after this prayer:
+::'''For these reasons, be blessed by this libum! Father Lar, for the same reasons be blessed by the wine, be blessed by the wreath/wreaths (flowers).'''
+:::'''''Harum rerum ergo macte hoc libo estote! Lar pater, eurundem rerum ergo macte hoc vino esto, macte corona/coronis (floribus) esto.'''''
+*If you have more time, you should individually invoke, and sacrifice to, all the deities you called upon in the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum, wine (to male deities only) or incense to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer below, repeating this for all of your household deities. Remember when calling upon the Manes that you point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):
+::'''(Name of deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum/wine/incense.'''
+:::'''''(Name of deity in [[vocative]]), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo/vino/thure esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to Juno for the Kalends:
+::'''Mother Juno, on these Kalends of yours sacred to you, on the beginning of this new month, I pray that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family this month. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iuno mater, his Kalendis tuis sacris, huiusce novi mensis initio te precor, ut hoc mense sis volens propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to Janus for the Kalends:
+::'''Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this month, for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius mensis initio, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:
+:: Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in [[vocative]]), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.'''''
+*Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).
 </div>
-==References==
-<references />
+=Full length Kalends rituals=
-This Kalends ritual is ab mani Titi Iuli Neronis,
+==Kalends morning ritual==
+<div class="scriptum">
+*Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).
+*Decorate your lararium with one or more wreaths or garlands, or if it is not possible, with flowers, burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke Janus Matutinus, Vesta and your Lar Familiaris.
+::'''Janus Matutinus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new day and of this new month, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Iane Matutine, his Kalendis, huiusce novi diei novique mensis initio, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut sis volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.'''''
+::'''Mother Vesta, on these Kalends, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household by being benevolent and propitious today and this month.'''
+:::'''''Vesta mater, his Kalendis te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut me, focum meum, domum meam, familiam meam hodie et hoc mense volens propitia bene tuteris.'''''
+::'''Lar Familiaris, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new day and of this new month, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect my home and my family so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Lar familiaris, his Kalendis, huiusce novi diei novique mensis initio, te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et hoc ture obmovendo bonas preces precor, ut domum familiamque meam bene tuteris, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant.'''''
+*Sacrifice a [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt, wine and garlands to the Lar Familiaris for the Kalends after this prayer:
+::'''Lar Familiaris, as by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering the incense I have prayed good prayers to you, for the same reason, blessed by this libum, by this wine and by the wreath/wreaths (flowers) be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Lar familiaris, ut te te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et ture dato bona prece precatus (precata, if you are a woman) sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo libando, hoc vino libando, hac corona data / his coronis datis (his floribus datis) esto fito volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.'''''
+*Sacrifice [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to Juno for the Kalends:
+::'''Mother Juno, on these Kalends of yours sacred to you, on the beginning of this new month, I pray that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family this month. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iuno mater, his Kalendis tuis sacris, huiusce novi mensis initio te precor, ut hoc mense sis volens propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to Janus for the Kalends:
+::'''Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this month, for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius mensis initio, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice wine to your Manes (you can invoke some deceased family members by name) after this prayer, and while praying, point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):
+::'''My Manes, (select list of ancestors), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.'''''
+:::'''''Mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino estote.'''''
+*Sacrifice a [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to your Penates and, if you have any, to your patron deities after this prayer. Insert the list of your patron deities after the invocation of the Penates:
+::'''My Penates, (list of patron gods), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Mi Penates, (list of patron gods in [[vocative]]), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo estote.'''''
+*If you have more time or if you want to a make more solemn ritual because of the importance of the day, you should individually invoke all your patron deities after the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer, repeating this for all of your patron deities:
+::'''(Name of patron deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''(Name of patron deity in [[vocative]]), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice a wine to your Genius or Iuno Genialis if you are the head of your family, if not, then to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias. If you sacrifice to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias, you still can offer a second sacrifice to your own Genius or Iuno Genialis, although it is not necessary each day:
+::'''My Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, I pray that you help me on this day and this month and be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.'''
+:::'''''Mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis te precor, ut me hodie et hoc mense adiuves et sis volens propitius/propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino esto.'''''
+*If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:
+::'''Janus Matutinus, Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iane Matutine, Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in [[vocative]]), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.'''''
+*Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).
+</div>
+==Kalends evening ritual==
+The evening ritual should be performed only if you have already done a standalone (or midday) ritual, or if you specifically want to ask the gods' protection for the night. Otherwise, if your first Kalends prayer that day is made in the evening, use the standalone Kalends ritual.
+<div class="scriptum">
+*Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).
+*Burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke Janus Matutinus, Vesta and your Lar Familiaris.
+::'''Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, on the end of this day, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio et huiusce diei exitio, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut sis volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.'''''
+::'''Mother Vesta, on these Kalends, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household by being benevolent and propitious tonight and this month.'''
+:::'''''Vesta mater, his Kalendis te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut me, focum meum, domum meam, familiam meam hac nocte et hoc mense volens propitia bene tuteris.'''''
+::'''Lar Familiaris, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, on the end of this day, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect my home and my family so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen tonight and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Lar familiaris, his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio et huiusce diei exitio, te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et hoc ture obmovendo bonas preces precor, ut domum familiamque meam bene tuteris, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hac nocte et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant.'''''
+*Sacrifice a [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt, wine and garlands to the Lar Familiaris for the Kalends after this prayer:
+::'''Lar Familiaris, as by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering the incense I have prayed good prayers to you, for the same reason, blessed by this libum, by this wine and by the wreath/wreaths (flowers) be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Lar familiaris, ut te te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et ture dato bona prece precatus (precata, if you are a woman) sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo libando, hoc vino libando, hac corona data / his coronis datis (his floribus datis) esto fito volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.'''''
+*Optionally, you can repeat the morning sacrifices to Juno and Janus for the Kalends with the same prayers, but it's satisfactory if you have sacrificed to them in the morning.
+*Sacrifice wine to your Manes (you can invoke some deceased family members by name) after this prayer, and while praying, point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):
+::'''My Manes, (select list of ancestors), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen tonight and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.'''''
+:::'''''Mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hac nocte et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino estote.'''''
+*Sacrifice a [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to your Penates and, if you have any, to your patron deities after this prayer. Insert the list of your patron deities after the invocation of the Penates:
+::'''My Penates, (list of patron gods), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen tonight and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Mi Penates, (list of patron gods in [[vocative]]), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hac nocte et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo estote.'''''
+*If you have more time or if you want to a make more solemn ritual because of the importance of the day, you should individually invoke all your patron deities after the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer, repeating this for all of your patron deities:
+::'''(Name of patron deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''(Name of patron deity in [[vocative]]), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice a wine to your Genius or Iuno Genialis if you are the head of your family, if not, then to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias. If you sacrifice to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias, you still can offer a second sacrifice to your own Genius or Iuno Genialis, although it is not necessary each day:
+::'''My Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, I pray that you help me on this night and this month and be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.'''
+:::'''''Mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis te precor, ut me hac nocte et hoc mense adiuves et sis volens propitius/propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino esto.'''''
+*If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:
+::'''Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in [[vocative]]), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.'''''
+*Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).
+</div>
+==Kalends standalone ritual, or midday ritual, without morning and evening rites==
+This ritual should be performed if you can do only one domestic ritual on a specific day, and you don't do a separate morning and night ritual that day. If, at the evening, you get a chance to perform the evening ritual, you are free to do that, too: this standalone or midday ritual doesn't inhibit the possibility for performing either or both the morning and the evening rituals, as well. If you want to do morning ritual but you are late and it is already afternoon, you should do this midday ritual instead of the morning Kalends ritual.
+<div class="scriptum">
+*Perform the opening for the Kalends ritual (see above).
+*Decorate your lararium with one or more wreaths or garlands, or if it is not possible, with flowers, burn some incense, and, while touching the altar with your right hand, invoke Janus Matutinus, Vesta and your Lar Familiaris.
+::'''Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio, te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut sis volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.'''''
+::'''Mother Vesta, on these Kalends, by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect me, my hearth, my family and my household by being benevolent and propitious today and this month.'''
+:::'''''Vesta mater, his Kalendis te hoc ture ommovendo bonas preces precor, ut me, focum meum, domum meam, familiam meam hodie et hoc mense volens propitia bene tuteris.'''''
+::'''Lar Familiaris, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this new month, by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering this incense to you I pray good prayers so that you protect my home and my family so that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Lar familiaris, his Kalendis, huius novi mensis initio, te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et hoc ture obmovendo bonas preces precor, ut domum familiamque meam bene tuteris, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant.'''''
+*Sacrifice a [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt, wine and garlands to the Lar Familiaris for the Kalends after this prayer:
+::'''Lar Familiaris, as by honoring you with wreath/wreaths (flowers) and by offering the incense I have prayed good prayers to you, for the same reason, blessed by this libum, by this wine and by the wreath/wreaths (flowers) be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family.'''
+:::'''''Lar familiaris, ut te te corona data / coronis datis (floribus datis) et ture dato bona prece precatus (precata, if you are a woman) sum, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo libando, hoc vino libando, hac corona data / his coronis datis (his floribus datis) esto fito volens propitius mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae.'''''
+*Sacrifice [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to Juno for the Kalends:
+::'''Mother Juno, on these Kalends of yours sacred to you, on the beginning of this new month, I pray that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family this month. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iuno mater, his Kalendis tuis sacris, huiusce novi mensis initio te precor, ut hoc mense sis volens propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to Janus for the Kalends:
+::'''Father Janus, on these Kalends, on the beginning of this month, for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iane pater, his Kalendis, huius mensis initio, eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice wine to your Manes (you can invoke some deceased family members by name) after this prayer, and while praying, point your palm and right hand toward the ground (in the direction of the underworld):
+::'''My Manes, (select list of ancestors), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.'''''
+:::'''''Mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino estote.'''''
+*Sacrifice a [[spelt cake]] sprinkled with salt to your Penates and, if you have any, to your patron deities after this prayer. Insert the list of your patron deities after the invocation of the Penates:
+::'''My Penates, (list of patron gods), on these Kalends, I pray that only good, prosperous, happy and fortunate things happen today and this month to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family, and that you be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Mi Penates, (list of patron gods in [[vocative]]), his Kalendis vos precor, ut omnia bona fausta felicia fortunataque hodie et hoc mense mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae eveniant, utique sitis volentes propitii mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc libo estote.'''''
+*If you have more time or if you want to a make more solemn ritual because of the importance of the day, you should individually invoke all your patron deities after the previous general invocation, and you should sacrifice libum to each one of them, accompanied by this prayer, repeating this for all of your patron deities:
+::'''(Name of patron deity), for the same reason, be blessed by this libum.'''
+:::'''''(Name of patron deity in [[vocative]]), eiusdem rei ergo macte hoc libo esto.'''''
+*Sacrifice a wine to your Genius or Iuno Genialis if you are the head of your family, if not, then to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias. If you sacrifice to the Genius or Iuno Genialis of your pater familias, you still can offer a second sacrifice to your own Genius or Iuno Genialis, although it is not necessary each day:
+::'''My Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), on these Kalends, I pray that you help me on this day and this month and be benevolent and propitious to me (and to my children), to my household and to my family. For this reason, be blessed by this wine.'''
+:::'''''Mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), his Kalendis te precor, ut me hodie et hoc mense adiuves et sis volens propitius/propitia mihi (liberisque meis) domo familiaeque meae. Huius rei ergo macte hoc vino esto.'''''
+*If you think there was an error in your ceremony, make an expiation by adding this prayer, naming all the gods who invoked in your morning ritual:
+::'''Janus, Vesta, Juno, Lar Familiaris, my Manes, (select list of ancestors), my Penates, (list of patron gods), my Genius / Iuno Genialis (Genius / Iuno Genialis of my pater familias), if something was unsatisfactory for you in these ceremonies, I expiate you by this libum.'''
+:::'''''Iane, Vesta, Iuno, Iane Matutine, Lar Familiaris, mi Manes, (select list of ancestors in [[vocative]]), mi Penates, (list of patron deities in [[vocative]]), mi Geni / mea Iuno Genialis (Geni / Iuno Genialis patris familias), quod vobis his sacris neque satisfactum est, vos hoc libo piaculo.'''''
+*Perform the closing for the Kalends ritual (see above).
+</div>
-MMDCCLX a.u.c.
 [[Category:Ritus (Nova Roma)]]