Template:TableOfCognomina
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| Male Form | Female Form | Status | Meaning | Used especially by |
| Aculeo | Aculeo | Prickly, unfriendly | ||
| Agricola | Agricola | OVERUSED | Farmer | |
| Agrippa | Agrippa | OVERUSED | Born feet first | Gens Menenia |
| Ahala | Ahala | Armpit | Gens Servilia | |
| Ahenobarbus | Ahenobarba | OVERUSED | With a red beard | Gens Domitia |
| Albinus | Albina | Pale, white | Gens Postumia | |
| Albus | Alba | White or fair-skinned | Gens Postumia | |
| Ambustus | Ambusta | SUGGESTED | Burnt, scalded | Gens Fabia |
| Annalis | Annalis | Relating to years | Gens Villia | |
| Aquila | Aquila | OVERUSED | Eagle | |
| Aquilinus | Aquilina | Eagle-like | ||
| Arvina | Arvina | Fat, lard | Gens Cornelia | |
| Asellio | Asellio | Keeper of donkeys | Gens Sempronia | |
| Asina | Asina | Female donkey | Gens Cornelia | |
| Atellus | Atella | Dark-haired or dark skinned | ||
| Avitus | Avita | Grandfatherly | ||
| Balbus | Balba | SUGGESTED | Stutterer | Gentes Acilia, Cornelia, Lucilia, Naevia, Octavia |
| Barba | Barba | A beard | ||
| Barbatus | Barbata | OVERUSED | Bearded | Gentes Cornelia, Horatia, Quinctia |
| Bassus | Bassa | Plump | ||
| Bestia | Bestia | Like an animal | Gens Calpurnia | |
| Bibaculus | Bibacula | SUGGESTED | Drunkard | Gentes Furia, Sextia |
| Bibulus | Bibula | SUGGESTED | Drunkard | Gentes Calpurnia, Publicia |
| Blaesus | Blaesa | SUGGESTED | Someone who mispronounces words, slurs his speech, stammers, or lisps | Gens Sempronia |
| Brocchus | Broccha | Toothy | ||
| Brutus | Bruta | Stupid, dull-witted | Gens Iunia | |
| Bubulcus | Bubulca | SUGGESTED | Cattle-driver | Gens Iunia |
| Bucco | Bucco | SUGGESTED | Fool, dolt | |
| Bulbus | Bulba | SUGGESTED | Bulb, onion | Gens Atilia |
| Buteo | Buteo | Buzzard | Gens Fabia | |
| Caecus | Caeca | Blind | Gens Claudia | |
| Caepio | Caepio | Onion-seller | Gens Servilia | |
| Caesar | Caesar | DISCOURAGED | From archaic praenomen Caesar, perhaps meaning "hairy" | Gens Iulia |
| Calidus | Calida | Hot-headed, rash | Gens Coelia | |
| Calvinus | Calvina | From cognomen Calvus | Gentes Domitia, Veturia | |
| Calvus | Calva | SUGGESTED | Bald | |
| Camillus | Camilla | A child who helps during sacrifices | Gens Furia | |
| Caninus | Canina | SUGGESTED | Dog-like | Gens Acilia |
| Canus | Cana | Golden-haired or grey-haired | ||
| Capito | Capito | SUGGESTED | Big-headed | Gens Ateia |
| Carbo | Carbo | Charcoal | Gens Papirii | |
| Catilina | Catilina | Gens Sergia | ||
| Cato | Cato | DISCOURAGED | Shrewd, prudent | Gentes Hostilia, Porcia |
| Catulus | Catula | Puppy, whelp | Gens Lutatia | |
| Celer | Celeris | Quick | ||
| Celsus | Celsa | Tall | Gens Papia | |
| Cethegus | Cethega | Gens Cornelia | ||
| Cicero | Cicero | DISCOURAGED | Chick pea | Gens Tullia |
| Cicurinus | Cicurina | Mild, gentle | Gens Veturia | |
| Cilo | Cilo | SUGGESTED | Large forehead or large lips | Gens Flaminia |
| Cincinnatus | Cincinnata | Curly-haired | Gens Quinctia | |
| Cinna | Cinna | Gens Cornelia | ||
| Cordus | Corda | Born late | ||
| Cornicen | Cornicen | Military bugler | ||
| Cornutus | Cornuta | Horned | Gens Caecilia, Sulpicia | |
| Corvinus | Corvina | Crow-like | Gens Valeria | |
| Corvus | Corva | Crow | Gens Valeria | |
| Cossus | Cossa | From archaic praenomen Cossus | Gens Cornelia | |
| Costa | Costa | A rib | Gens Pedania | |
| Cotta | Cotta | Gens Aurelia | ||
| Crassipes | Crassipes | SUGGESTED | Club-footed | Gens Furia |
| Crassus | Crassa | Fat | Gentes Claudia, Licinia, Otacilia, Veturia | |
| Crispinus | Crispina | Curly-haired | ||
| Crispus | Crispa | Curly-haired | Gentes Sallustia, Vibia | |
| Culleo | Culleo | SUGGESTED | Leather sack for carrying liquid | Gens Terentia |
| Curio | Curio | SUGGESTED | Priest of a Curia | Gens Scribonia |
| Cursor | Cursor | Runner, courier | Gens Papiria | |
| Curvus | Curva | Stooping, bent | Gens Fulvia | |
| Dentatus | Dentata | SUGGESTED | Toothy | |
| Denter | Dentra | SUGGESTED | Toothy | Gens Caecilia |
| Dento | Dento | SUGGESTED | Toothy | |
| Dives | Dives | Rich, wealthy | Gens Licinia | |
| Dolabella | Dolabella | Hatchet | Gens Cornelia | |
| Dorsuo | Dorsuo | SUGGESTED | Large back | Gens Fabia |
| Drusus | Drusa | Gens Livia | ||
| Figulus | Figula | SUGGESTED | Potter | |
| Fimbria | Fimbria | Edge of clothing, fringes | Gens Flavia | |
| Flaccus | Flacca | Floppy ears | Gentes Aviania, Fulvia, Valeria | |
| Flavus | Flava | Blonde-haired | Gens Decimia | |
| Florus | Flora | Light-coloured or blooming | Gens Aquilia | |
| Fronto | Fronto | SUGGESTED | Prominent forehead | |
| Fullo | Fullo | SUGGESTED | A fuller or launderer | Gens Apustia |
| Fusus | Fusa | From archaic praenomen Fusus | Gens Furia | |
| Galeo | Galeo | Helmet | ||
| Gemellus | Gemella | A twin | Gentes Servilia, Veturia | |
| Glabrio | Glabrio | A relative of Glaber | Gens Acilia | |
| Gracchus | Graccha | Gens Sempronia | ||
| Gurges | Gurges | Greedy, prodigal | Gens Fabia | |
| Habitus | Habita | In good physical condition | Gens Cluentia | |
| Helva | Helva | Dun-colored hair | Gens Aebutia | |
| Imperiosus | Imperiosa | DISCOURAGED | Domineering, dictatorial | Gens Manlia |
| Iullus | Iulla | From archaic praenomen Iullus | Gens Iulia | |
| Labeo | Labeo | Prominent lips | Gentes Antistia, Atinia, Fabia | |
| Lactuca | Lactuca | Lettuce | Gens Valeria | |
| Laenas | Laenas | A woolly cloak | Gens Popillia | |
| Lanatus | Lanata | SUGGESTED | Wearing wool | Gens Menenia |
| Laevinus | Laevina | |||
| Laterensis | Laterensis | Person from the hill-side | Gens Iuventia | |
| Lentulus | Lentula | A bit slow | Gens Cornelia | |
| Lepidus | Lepida | Charming, amusing | Gens Aemilia | |
| Libo | Libo | SUGGESTED | Gens Marcia, Scribonia | |
| Licinus | Licina | SUGGESTED | Spiky- or bristly-haired | Gens Mamilia |
| Longus | Longa | SUGGESTED | Tall | Gentes Sempronia, Sulpicia |
| Lucullus | Luculla | From lucus (grove) or Lucius (praenomen) | Gens Licinia | |
| Lupus | Lupa | OVERUSED | Wolf | Gens Rutilia |
| Lurco | Lurco | SUGGESTED | Gluttonous, greedy | |
| Macer | Macra | SUGGESTED | Thin | Gens Licinia |
| Macula | Macula | SUGGESTED | A spot or blemish | |
| Malleolus | Malleola | Hammer | Gens Publicia | |
| Mamercus | Mamerca | From rare praenomen Mamercus | Gens Aemilia | |
| Marcellus | Marcella | OVERUSED | From praenomen Marcus | Gens Claudia |
| Maro | Maro | SUGGESTED | Gens Vergilia | |
| Merenda | Merenda | Light afternoon meal | Gentes Antonia, Cornelia | |
| Mergus | Merga | SUGGESTED | Sea-gull | |
| Merula | Merula | Blackbird | Gens Cornelia | |
| Messalla | Messalla | Gens Valeria | ||
| Metellus | Metella | Army follower | Gens Caecilia | |
| Murena | Murena | Eel | Gens Licinia | |
| Mus | Mus | SUGGESTED | Mouse or rat | Gens Decia |
| Musca | Musca | SUGGESTED | Fly | Gens Sempronia |
| Nasica | Nasica | Big-nosed | Gens Sempronia | |
| Naso | Naso | SUGGESTED | Big-nosed | Gens Ovidia |
| Natta | Natta | An artisan | Gens Pinaria | |
| Nepos | Nepos | Grandchild | Gens Caecilia | |
| Nero | Nero | From rare praenomen Nero ("strong") | Gens Claudia | |
| Nerva | Nerva | Vigorous | Gens Cocceia, Licinia | |
| Niger | Nigra | SUGGESTED | Black-skinned or black-haired | |
| Novellus | Novella | New, new-fangled | Gens Gavilia | |
| Ocella | Ocella | SUGGESTED | Small-eyed | Gens Livia |
| Pacilus | Pacila | From archaic praenomen Pacilus | Gens Furia | |
| Paetus | Paeta | SUGGESTED | Squinty or blinking | Gens Aelia |
| Pansa | Pansa | SUGGESTED | Splay-footed | Gens Vibia |
| Papus | Papa | From rare praenomen Papus | Gens Aemilia | |
| Paterculus | Patercula | SUGGESTED | Little father | Gens Sulpicia |
| Paullus | Paulla | Small | Gens Aemilia | |
| Pavo | Pavo | Peacock | ||
| Pera | Pera | Shoulder-bag | Gens Iunia | |
| Pictor | Pictrix | Painter | Gens Fabia | |
| Piso | Piso | Mortar | Gens Calpurnia | |
| Plancus | Planca | Flat-footed | Gens Munatia | |
| Plautus | Plauta | Flat-footed | ||
| Poplicola | Poplicola | Friend of the people | Gens Valeria | |
| Postumus | Postuma | Born after the father's death | Gens Curtia | |
| Potitus | Potita | Probably derived from an archaic praenomen | Gens Valeria | |
| Praeconinus | Praeconina | A relative of a herald | ||
| Praetextatus | Praetextata | Young (wearing the toga praetexta) | Gens Sulpicia | |
| Priscus | Prisca | Very ancient | ||
| Proculus | Procula | From rare praenomen Proculus, perhaps meaning "born during father's absence" | Gens Plautia | |
| Publicola | Publicola | Variant of Poplicola | Gens Valeria | |
| Pulcher | Pulchra | Attractive | Gens Claudia | |
| Pullus | Pulla | SUGGESTED | Child | |
| Pulvillus | Pulvilla | Small cushion | Gens Horatia | |
| Purpureo | Purpureo | Wearing purple or with a purplish complexion | ||
| Quadratus | Quadrata | Stocky, squarely built | ||
| Ralla | Ralla | A tunic of fine fabric | Gens Marcia | |
| Regillus | Regilla | Prince | Gens Aemilia | |
| Regulus | Regula | Prince | Gens Atilia | |
| Rufus | Rufa | Reddish, Ginger-haired | ||
| Ruga | Ruga | Wrinkly | ||
| Rullus | Rulla | Uncultivated, boorish | Gens Servilia | |
| Rutilus | Rutila | Reddish-gold hair | ||
| Salinator | Salinatrix | Salt-harvester | Gens Livia | |
| Saturninus | Saturnina | OVERUSED | Dedicated to Saturnus | |
| Scaeva | Scaeva | Left-handed | Gens Iunia, Marcia | |
| Scaevola | Scaevola | Left-handed | Gens Mucia | |
| Scapula | Scapula | SUGGESTED | Shoulder-blade | Gens Quinctia |
| Scaurus | Scaura | Lame, swollen-ankled | Gentes Aemilia, Aurelia | |
| Scipio | Scipio | DISCOURAGED | Rod, staff | Gens Cornelii |
| Scrofa | Scrofa | SUGGESTED | Sow | Gens Tremelia |
| Seneca | Seneca | Elderly | Gens Annaea | |
| Severus | Severa | OVERUSED | Strict, severe | |
| Silanus | Silana | Nose, water-spout | Gens Iunia | |
| Silo | Silo | Snub-nosed | Gens Sergia | |
| Silus | Sila | SUGGESTED | Snub-nosed | Gens Sergia |
| Stolo | Stolo | SUGGESTED | Shoot of a plant | Gens Licinia |
| Strabo | Strabo | Squinty | Gens Titia | |
| Structus | Structa | Possibly derived from an archaic praenomen | Gens Servilia | |
| Sulla | Sulla | DISCOURAGED | Gens Cornelia | |
| Sura | Sura | SUGGESTED | Calf of the leg | |
| Taurus | Taura | Bull | ||
| Triarius | Triaria | OVERUSED | A type of soldier | Gens Valeria |
| Trigeminus | Trigemina | A triplet | Gens Curiatia | |
| Trio | Trio | SUGGESTED | One of the seven stars of the Plough / Big Dipper | Gens {{{2}}} |
| Tubero | Tubero | SUGGESTED | Having a tumour or swelling | Gens Aelia, Iulia |
| Tubertus | Tuberta | SUGGESTED | Having a tumour or swelling | Gens Postumia |
| Tubulus | Tubula | SUGGESTED | Little tube | Gens Hostilia |
| Tuditanus | Tuditana | SUGGESTED | Mallet | Gens Sempronia |
| Tullus | Tulla | From rare praenomen Tullus | Gens Volcatia | |
| Turdus | Turda | SUGGESTED | Thrush | Gens Papiria |
| Varro | Varro | Block-head | Gens Terentia | |
| Varus | Vara | Bow-legged | Gentes Atilia, Licinia, Quinctilia | |
| Vatia | Vatia | Knock-kneed | Gens Servilia | |
| Verres | Verres | Pig | Gens Cornelia | |
| Vespillo | Vespillo | Person employed to bury people too poor for a funeral | Gens Lucretia | |
| Vetus | Vetus | Old | Gens Antistia | |
| Vitulus | Vitula | Calf or young cow | Gentes Mamilia, Pomponia | |
| Volusus | Volusa | From rare praenomen Volusus | Gens Valeria |
