How to sacrifice
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| Deity | Character | Rite | Known inanimate offerings | Known living offerings | Comments | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apollo | Celestial | Ritus Graecus | Wheat, incense, crown of laurel, cakes of cheese, cakes of honey, cakes of parsley, crowns of laurel; calendula; wine | Bull; ox with gilded horns; white goats | Prayers: Arnob. Adv. Nat. 3.43; Claud. Olyb. 71-2; Hor. Carm. 1.2.30; Livy 5.21.2; Mart. 9.42; Ovid Rem. Amor. 75; 704; Petron. PLM 94; Satyr. fr. 31Plaut. Merc. 678; Seneca Herc. Fur. 592; 900; Statius Theb. I 643-5; I 694-6; I 716-20; IV 649-51; VI 296-300; VII 779-88; VIII 90-94; Tib. 2.5.1ff; 3.10; 4.4.1; Val Flacc. Argo. 1.5; 5.17; 5.244; Virg. Aen. 3.85; 6.55; 10.875; 11.785; 12.197 Varro LL 7.17;.CIL 6.32323 Lines 141-46 | CIL 6.32323; Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.10.4; Livius 25.12, 27, 23.5; 23.11; Plinius HN 12.3; 15.134 |
| Carna | Domestic | Ritus Romanus | beans mixed with hot spelt, bacon | - | - | Ovid, Fasti, 6.169-170 |
| Ceres | Chtonic | Ritus Romanus (a part of the cult celebrated on the Aventine Hill corresponded to the Mysteries of Eleusis and was considered Graeca Sacra and thus not included in the Roman public cult) | spelt cakes, incense, salt, bread, first samplings of ears of wheat, oak leaves, wine, honeycombs mixed with milk, crown of wheat (corona spicea), crown of oak, poppies, violets, hyacinths | sow (sometimes pregnant); sheep; piglets | Fasting and nine days of abstinence was required of participants in the sacrificium annuae sacrae
Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 2; XI 2; XI 5; Cic. In Verr. II 5.184; IV 72.187-8; Horat. Serm. II 2,124; Livy 24.38.8; Ovid Amor. 3.10.2; Fasti 1.669-704; 4.401-8; Ibis 419-20; Petr. Satyr. 122, 156; Seneca Herc. Fur. 299; Serv. Ad Geor. 1.21; Tib. 1.1.15-16; 2.1.3-4; Virg. Georg. 1.7-12; 1.338 |
Cato, De Agricultura 134; Fest. s. v. praesentanea porca; s. v. sacrima; Gellius NA 4.6.8; Hor. Carm. Saec. 29-30; Livius, 10.23; 36.37.4-5; Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.11.10; Ovidius, Amor. 3.10; Fasti, 1.657-704; 2.519-20; 2.539; 4.393-416; 4.547-48; Metamorphoses, 10.431-36; Pliny NH 1.191; 18.2.8; Tibullus, Elegies,1.1.11-18; Varro Rust. 2.4.9-10; Varro in Non. Marc. 163; Virgilius, Aeneid 4.56-59; Georgics, 1.212; 1.338-350 |
| Diana | Celestial | Ritus Romanus (although at the Ludi Saeculares she was honoured - like any other deity - Graeco Ritu) | cakes of cheese, cakes of honey, cakes of parsley | hind, white she-goat?, cow | Prayers: Apul. Met. XI 2; Catul 34.21-2; Cic. In Verr. II 5.184; Horat. Carm. 1.21.1; 3.22.2; Epist. 5.5; Carm. Saec. 13; Laevius fr. 26; Livius Andronicus fr. Equos Troianos; Ovid Fasti 2.449; 3.255-56; Met. 5.618-20; Sil. It. Pun. 9.168-72; 13.137; Statius Theb. IV 746-64; VI 633-37; 9.606-35; 10.360-70; Tertul de Anim. 39; Tibullus 4.4.1 ff; 4.6.1 ff; Val. Cato Lyd. 41-4; Virg. Aen. IX 404; XI 483; XI 557; XII 197; CIL 3.8298; 6.32323 Lines 141-46; 10.3796 | Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, 1.45] [Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, 25.12, 27, 23.5] [Ovidius, Fasti, 1.387-388] [CIL 6.32323] [Valerius Maximus, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium, 7.3.1 |
| Dis, Dis Pater | Underworld | Ritus Romanus | ? | black sheep and other black victims | Prayers: Audolent p.197 no.139, p. 292 no. 218; Ennius Androm; Festus (s.v. lapidem silicem); Macro. Sat. III 9,10; Sil. It. Pun. 8.140-2; Statius Theb. I 56-9; IV 473-87 | Valerius Maximus, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium, 2.4.5] [Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.9.10-12 |
| Diva | Celestial | Ritus Romanus | ? | cow | Probably the same as Iuno | CIL 6.32349 |
