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{{LanguageBar|Conjugation}}{{Latin grammar articles}}
Latin is an inflected language, and as such its verbs must be conjugated in order to express person, number, time, tense, mood or voice. A set of conjugated forms of the same verb pattern is called a conjugation (verb inflection group). There are four conjugations, which are numbered and grouped by ending. 

This is a summary of the conjugation of Latin verbs.

== Which conjugation a verb belongs to ==

Latin is a heavily inflected language, which means that Latin indicates grammatical information by changing the ending of the words. Verbs are grouped into four conjugations (verb inflection groups). If we change a verb’s ending to express the person or the time (tense), we say we “conjugate” it. To determine which conjugation group a verb belongs to, you have to look into a [[Latin dictionary]]. 

In the case of the verb “have”, you will find:

'''''habeo –ére, -bui, -bitum'''''

This is 4 pieces of information:

(1) '''habeo'''; it is the first person singular of the verb “have”. It means “I have”. 

(2) '''–ére'''; it’s an abbreviation of “''habere''”, the infinite of the verb. It means “to have”. 
''

(3) '''–bui'''; it’s an abbreviation of “''habui''”, the perfect tense of the verb. It means “I have had” or “I had”. 

(4) '''–bitum'''; abbreviation of “''habitum''”, it’s the supine (or the past participle).

This verb’s infinitive, “''habére''” (to have), indicated in the dictionary form as “'''''–ére'''''” shows that this verb belongs to the 2nd conjugation, as all verbs that have the infinitive ending “''-ére''” belong to the 2nd conjugation. The second dictionary element, the infinitive, determines which conjugation the verb belongs to. The four types of infinitive endings and the four conjugations determined by the different genitive endings are:

'''-are''' = [[1st conjugation]]; e.g.: ''am|o, -are, -avi, -atum'' (I love) 

'''-ére''' = [[2nd conjugation]]; e.g.: ''hab|eo, -ere, -bui, -bitum'' (I have) 

'''-ere''' = [[3rd conjugation]]; e.g.: ''dic|o, -ere, dixi, dictum'' (I say) 

'''-ire''' = [[4th conjugation]]; e.g.: ''aud|io, -ire, -ivi, -itum'' (I hear)

Note that “–ere”, which is short vowel, is different from “–ére”, which is long vowel. 

==How to conjugate a verb==
 
You simply cut off the infinitive endings '''-are''', '''-ére''', '''-ere''' and '''-ire''', and replace them with the personal endings shown below in the tables, respectively to the conjugation group to which the verb belongs to.

<div style="float:left; >__TOC__</div>







==Present tense==

The Present Tense is equivalent of the English Present Progressive (I am reading) and Present Simple (I read).

Unlike English, Latin uses verb endings to express the person and number of the verb, and its tense or mood. These endings are in general the same for all conjugation groups, but there is some variation respectively to the stem vowel, which means that while, e.g. the singular third person ending is "-t" in all conjugations, in the 1st conjugation it's realized as "-at", because it's the A-Stem conjugation, in the 2nd conjugation it's "-et", (as they are the E-Stem) etc.


{|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff" 
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="3" |[[First conjugation]]
! colspan="3" |[[Second conjugation]]
! colspan="6" |[[Third conjugation]]
! colspan="3" |[[Fourth conjugation]]
|-
! colspan="3" |A-Stem
! colspan="3" |E-Stem
! colspan="3" |Consonant Stem
! colspan="3" |Short I-Stem
! colspan="3" |Long í-Stem
|-
! colspan="3" | ''amó, -áre, -áví, -átum'' <br>love
! colspan="3" | ''habeó, -ére, -buí, -bitum'' <br>have
! colspan="3" | ''dícó, -ere, díxí, dictum'' <br>say
! colspan="3" | ''capió, -ere, cépí, captum'' <br>catch
! colspan="3" | ''audió, -íre, -íví, -ítum'' <br>hear
|-
! S/1
| am'''ó'''||'''-ó'''||I love||hab'''eó'''||'''-eó'''||I have||díc'''ó'''||'''-ó'''||I say||cap'''ió'''||'''-ió'''||I catch||aud'''ió'''||'''-ió'''||I hear
|-
! S/2
|am'''ás'''||'''-ás'''||you love||hab'''és'''||'''-és'''||you have||díc'''is'''||'''-is'''||you say||cap'''is'''||'''-is'''||you catch||aud'''ís'''||'''-ís'''||you hear
|-
! S/3
|am'''at'''||'''-at'''||he loves||hab'''et'''||'''-et'''||he has||díc'''it'''||'''-it'''||he says||cap'''it'''||'''-it'''||he catches||aud'''it'''||'''-it'''||he hears
|-
! P/1
|am'''ámus'''||'''-ámus'''||we love||hab'''émus'''||'''-émus'''||we have||díc'''imus'''||'''-imus'''||we say||cap'''imus'''||'''-imus'''||we catch||aud'''ímus'''||'''-ímus'''||we hear
|-
! P/2
|am'''átis'''||'''-átis'''||you love||hab'''étis'''||'''-étis'''||you have||díc'''itis'''||'''-itis'''||you say||cap'''itis'''||'''-itis'''||you catch||aud'''ítis'''||'''-ítis'''||you hear
|-
! P/3
|am'''ant'''||'''-ant'''||they love||hab'''ent'''||'''-ent'''||they have||díc'''unt'''||'''-unt'''||they say||cap'''iunt'''||'''-iunt'''||they catch||aud'''iunt'''||'''-iunt'''||they hear
|-
|}


==Perfect tense==

{|border="1" cellpadding="1" style="background:#ffffff" 
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="3" |[[First conjugation]]
! colspan="3" |[[Second conjugation]]
! colspan="6" |[[Third conjugation]]
! colspan="3" |[[Fourth conjugation]]
|-
! colspan="3" |A-Stem
! colspan="3" |E-Stem
! colspan="3" |Consonant Stem
! colspan="3" |Short I-Stem
! colspan="3" |Long í-Stem
|-
! colspan="3" | ''amó, -áre, -áví, -átum'' <br>love
! colspan="3" | ''habeó, -ére, -buí, -bitum'' <br>have
! colspan="3" | ''dícó, -ere, díxí, dictum'' <br>say
! colspan="3" | ''capió, -ere, cépí, captum'' <br>catch
! colspan="3" | ''audió, -íre, -íví, -ítum'' <br>hear
|-
! S/1
| amáv'''í'''||'''-í'''||I have loved||habu'''í'''||'''-í'''||I have had||díx'''í'''||'''-í'''||I have said||cép'''í'''||'''-í'''||I have caught||audív'''í'''||'''-í'''||I have heard
|-
! S/2
|amáv'''istí'''||'''-istí'''||you have loved||habu'''istí'''||'''-istí'''||you have had||díx'''istí'''||'''-istí'''||you have said||cép'''istí'''||'''-istí'''||you have caught||audív'''istí'''||'''-istí'''||you have heard
|-
! S/3
|amáv'''it'''||'''-it'''||he has loved||habu'''it'''||'''-it'''||he has had||díx'''it'''||'''-it'''||he has said||cép'''it'''||'''-it'''||he has caught||audív'''it'''||'''-it'''||he has heard
|-
! P/1
|amáv'''imus'''||'''-imus'''||we have loved||habu'''imus'''||'''-imus'''||we have had||díx'''imus'''||'''-imus'''||we have said||cép'''imus'''||'''-imus'''||we have caught||audív'''imus'''||'''-imus'''||we have heard
|-
! P/2
|amáv'''istis'''||'''-istis'''||you have loved||habu'''istis'''||'''-istis'''||you have had||díx'''istis'''||'''-istis'''||you have said||cép'''istis'''||'''-istis'''||you have caught||audív'''istis'''||'''-istis'''||you have heard
|-
! P/3
|amáv'''érunt'''||'''-érunt'''||they have loved||habu'''érunt'''||'''-érunt'''||they have had||díx'''érunt'''||'''-érunt'''||they have said||cép'''érunt'''||'''-érunt'''||they have caught||audív'''érunt'''||'''-érunt'''||they have heard
|-
|}

[[Category:Latin grammar]]