FR:Nom Romain

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{{LanguageBar|Roman name}}
 
{{LanguageBar|Roman name}}
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Le système des noms romains était unique et distinctif dans le monde antique. À partir des commencements relativement simples, pendant que le temps progressait, les noms Romains sont devenus plus longs et plus complexe, y compris plus d'informations sur la personne a appelé. Un étranger devenant un citoyen Romain a pris un nouveau nom Romain comme marque de la citoyenneté.
 
Le système des noms romains était unique et distinctif dans le monde antique. À partir des commencements relativement simples, pendant que le temps progressait, les noms Romains sont devenus plus longs et plus complexe, y compris plus d'informations sur la personne a appelé. Un étranger devenant un citoyen Romain a pris un nouveau nom Romain comme marque de la citoyenneté.
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==''Tria Nomina''==
 
==''Tria Nomina''==
  
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La plupart des noms romains ont trois parts (''tria nomina''):
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La plupart des noms romains ont trois parts (''tria nomina''), for example: ''Gaius Iulius Caesar'' where:
  
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*a ''praenomen'' ("given name", pluriel ''praenomina''),
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* ''Gaius'' is a ''praenomen'' ("given name", plural ''praenomina''),
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*a ''nomen'' ("gens name", pluriel ''nomina''), et
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* ''Iulius'' is a ''nomen'' ("''gens'' or clan name", plural ''nomina''), and
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*a ''cognomen'' (pluriel ''cognomina'').
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* ''Caesar'' is a ''cognomen'' ("family name within a ''gens''", plural ''cognomina'').
  
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A few have no ''cognomen''. Sometimes a second ''cognomen'' (called an ''agnomen'') is added.  
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Some names had no ''cognomen'', but in other cases a second ''cognomen'', (called an ''agnomen''), was added. Female names could follow similar conventions, with a few differences. Additional elements such as tribal affiliation and "filiation" (parentage), were also sometimes used.
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For ''female'' names, the convention is similar, with a few differences.  
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Additional elements such as '''agnomen''' and '''filiation''' are optional.
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==Elements of a name==
 
==Elements of a name==
 
[[Image:Names.jpg|float|right|thumb|400px|Examples of Roman names from a monument in Newcastle]]
 
[[Image:Names.jpg|float|right|thumb|400px|Examples of Roman names from a monument in Newcastle]]
 
===''Praenomen''===
 
===''Praenomen''===
  
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(''[[FR:Praenomen|Praenomen]]'', pluriel: ''praenomina'') This form of "first" name was relatively unimportant, and was rarely used on its own outside of the family. There are relatively few ''praenomina'' that were commonly used in the Republican era of Rome. Read [[FR:Praenomen|more about ''praenomina'']].
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{{Include summary|FR:Praenomen}}
  
 
===''Nomen''===
 
===''Nomen''===
  
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(''[[FR:Nomen|Nomen]]'' pluriel: ''nomina'') The second name or ''nomen'' is the name of the ''[[gens]]'' (clan) in masculine form; the Latin word "''gens''" is feminine, so the name appears as feminine in our lists. Read [[FR:Nomen|more about ''nomina'']].
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{{Include summary|FR:Nomen}}
  
 
===''Cognomen''===
 
===''Cognomen''===
  
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(''[[FR:Cognomen|Cognomen]]'', pluriel: ''cognomina'') The third name or ''cognomen'' started to be a nickname or personal name that distinguished individuals within the same ''gens'' (the ''cognomen'' does not appear in official documents until around 100 BCE). During the Roman Republic, the ''cognomen'' is inherited from father to son, serving to distinguish a family within a ''gens''. Often the ''cognomen'' was chosen based on some physical or personality trait. Read [[FR:Cognomen|more about ''cognomina'']].
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{{Include summary|FR:Cognomen}}
  
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===Additional elements===
 
  
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====Filiation====
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===Filiation===
  
 
Originally, the ''praenomen'' and ''nomen'' constituted a Roman's full name and were followed by the so-called filiation (a patronymic or indication of paternity). The filiation (''patronymicus'') consisted of the Latin word for "son," ''filius'' (abbreviated by the letter f.), preceded by the abbreviation of the father's ''praenomen'', which was understood in the genitive case. Hence, a Roman might have been known as
 
Originally, the ''praenomen'' and ''nomen'' constituted a Roman's full name and were followed by the so-called filiation (a patronymic or indication of paternity). The filiation (''patronymicus'') consisted of the Latin word for "son," ''filius'' (abbreviated by the letter f.), preceded by the abbreviation of the father's ''praenomen'', which was understood in the genitive case. Hence, a Roman might have been known as
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Additionally it could also indicate the grandfather with the word "grandson," ''nepos'' (abbreviated by the letter n.).
 
Additionally it could also indicate the grandfather with the word "grandson," ''nepos'' (abbreviated by the letter n.).
  
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====Tribal affiliation====
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===Tribal affiliation===
  
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{{FR:Tribe}} Read [[FR:Tribe|more about tribes]].
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{{Include summary|FR:Tribe}}
  
 
==Examples==
 
==Examples==

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Le système des noms romains était unique et distinctif dans le monde antique. À partir des commencements relativement simples, pendant que le temps progressait, les noms Romains sont devenus plus longs et plus complexe, y compris plus d'informations sur la personne a appelé. Un étranger devenant un citoyen Romain a pris un nouveau nom Romain comme marque de la citoyenneté.

Noms romains

·Rome Antique ·
Le nom Romain - Praenomen - Nomen - Cognomen - Agnomen

·Nova Roma·
Choisir un nom Romain dans Nova Roma - Usage des noms Romains

Contents

Tria Nomina

La plupart des noms romains ont trois parts (tria nomina), for example: Gaius Iulius Caesar where:

  • Gaius is a praenomen ("given name", plural praenomina),
  • Iulius is a nomen ("gens or clan name", plural nomina), and
  • Caesar is a cognomen ("family name within a gens", plural cognomina).

Some names had no cognomen, but in other cases a second cognomen, (called an agnomen), was added. Female names could follow similar conventions, with a few differences. Additional elements such as tribal affiliation and "filiation" (parentage), were also sometimes used.


Elements of a name

File:Names.jpg
Examples of Roman names from a monument in Newcastle

Praenomen

Un praenomen est un nom personnel par lequel on distingue un individu des autres membres d'une même famille. Le praenomen est rarement utilisé seul : normalement seuls les parents et les amis intimes appellent quelqu'un par son praenomen. Plus ...

Nomen

Un nomen indique à quelle gens un Romain appartient. Une gens est un large ensemble de familles qui partagent le même nomen. C'est lui qui est au milieu des tria nomina. Plus ...

Cognomen

Le cognomen est le nom de famille que partagent les consanguins. Les cognomina souvent, mais pas toujours, se réfèrent à l'apparence ou à d'autres caractéristiques. Ainsi il était habituel d'avoir un cognomen qui faisait référence à un lieu de naissance, un métier, ou n'importe quoi d'autre qui distinguait la personne (très souvent un ancêtre) qui portait pour la première fois ce cognomen. Il forme le troisième élément des tria nomina. Plus ...


Filiation

Originally, the praenomen and nomen constituted a Roman's full name and were followed by the so-called filiation (a patronymic or indication of paternity). The filiation (patronymicus) consisted of the Latin word for "son," filius (abbreviated by the letter f.), preceded by the abbreviation of the father's praenomen, which was understood in the genitive case. Hence, a Roman might have been known as

M. Antonius M. f. (=Marci filius), that is, Marcus Antonius, the son of Marcus.

Additionally it could also indicate the grandfather with the word "grandson," nepos (abbreviated by the letter n.).

Tribal affiliation

Une tribu n'était pas une indication d'origine, les tribus ont été distribuées géographiquement et un homme appartenait à la tribu dans laquelle sa résidence principale était située. La tribu est un élément essentiel de la citoyenneté, car le vote est souvent effectué par tribu. A compter du 2ème siècle av JC le sigle de la tribu dans laquelle la personne a été inscrit est ajouté dans la titulature du nom de cette personne. Plus ...

Examples

Marcus Aurelius Marci f. Quinti n. tribu Galeria Antoninus Pius.

  • praenomen: Marcus
  • nomen: Aurelius (he belongs to gens Aurelia, the Aurelii in plural)
  • patronymicus: Marci f. (son of Marcus)
  • grandparent: Quinti n. (grandson of Quintus)
  • tribe: tribu Galeria (a tribe from the region of Caesaraugusta in Hispania)
  • cognomen: Antoninus (family of the Antonini)
  • agnomen: Pius (probably because of his piety...rarely inherited))

In everyday use, people are referred to by either a combination of the praenomen and nomen, or even more usually by just their cognomen.

  • "Marcus Livius Drusus" would either be just "Drusus" or "Marcus Livius."
  • "Iulia Marciana" would be just "Iulia." (See using Roman names for more on this topic.)

References

    Retrieved from "http://novaroma.org/nr/FR:Nom_Romain"
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