How to sacrifice

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Latest revision as of 09:38, 13 May 2010

Deity	Character	Rite	Known inanimate offerings	Known living offerings	Comments	Sources
Apollo	Celestial	Ritus Graecus	wheat, incense, crown of laurel, cakes of cheese, cakes of honey, cakes of parsley, crowns of laurel; calendula; wine	bull; ox with gilded horns; white goats	Prayers: Arnob. Adv. Nat. 3.43; Claud. Olyb. 71-2; Hor. Carm. 1.2.30; Livy 5.21.2; Mart. 9.42; Ovid Rem. Amor. 75; 704; Petron. PLM 94; Satyr. fr. 31Plaut. Merc. 678; Seneca Herc. Fur. 592; 900; Statius Theb. I 643-5; I 694-6; I 716-20; IV 649-51; VI 296-300; VII 779-88; VIII 90-94; Tib. 2.5.1ff; 3.10; 4.4.1; Val Flacc. Argo. 1.5; 5.17; 5.244; Virg. Aen. 3.85; 6.55; 10.875; 11.785; 12.197 Varro LL 7.17;.CIL 6.32323 Lines 141-46	Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.10.4 {{{2}}}: VI 32323 (EN DE) Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, 25.12, 27, 23.5; 23.11; Plinius HN 12.3; 15.134
Carna	Domestic	Ritus Romanus	beans mixed with hot spelt, bacon	-	-	Ovid, Fasti, 6.169-170
Ceres	Chtonic	Ritus Romanus (a part of the cult celebrated on the Aventine Hill corresponded to the Mysteries of Eleusis and was considered Graeca Sacra and thus not included in the Roman public cult)	spelt cakes, incense, salt, bread, first samplings of ears of wheat, oak leaves, wine, honeycombs mixed with milk, crown of wheat (corona spicea), crown of oak, poppies, violets, hyacinths	sow (sometimes pregnant); sheep; piglets	Fasting and nine days of abstinence was required of participants in the sacrificium annuae sacrae Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 2; XI 2; XI 5; Cic. In Verr. II 5.184; IV 72.187-8; Horat. Serm. II 2,124; Livy 24.38.8; Ovid Amor. 3.10.2; Fasti 1.669-704; 4.401-8; Ibis 419-20; Petr. Satyr. 122, 156; Seneca Herc. Fur. 299; Serv. Ad Geor. 1.21; Tib. 1.1.15-16; 2.1.3-4; Virg. Georg. 1.7-12; 1.338	Cato, De Agricultura 134; Fest. s. v. praesentanea porca; s. v. sacrima; Gellius NA 4.6.8; Hor. Carm. Saec. 29-30; Livius, 10.23; 36.37.4-5; Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.11.10; Ovidius, Amor. 3.10; Fasti, 1.657-704; 2.519-20; 2.539; 4.393-416; 4.547-48; Metamorphoses, 10.431-36; Pliny NH 1.191; 18.2.8; Tibullus, Elegies,1.1.11-18; Varro Rust. 2.4.9-10; Varro in Non. Marc. 163; Virgilius, Aeneid 4.56-59; Georgics, 1.212; 1.338-350
Diana	Celestial	Ritus Romanus (although at the Ludi Saeculares she was honoured - like any other deity - Graeco Ritu)	cakes of cheese, cakes of honey, cakes of parsley	hind, white she-goat?, cow	Prayers: Apul. Met. XI 2; Catul 34.21-2; Cic. In Verr. II 5.184; Horat. Carm. 1.21.1; 3.22.2; Epist. 5.5; Carm. Saec. 13; Laevius fr. 26; Livius Andronicus fr. Equos Troianos; Ovid Fasti 2.449; 3.255-56; Met. 5.618-20; Sil. It. Pun. 9.168-72; 13.137; Statius Theb. IV 746-64; VI 633-37; 9.606-35; 10.360-70; Tertul de Anim. 39; Tibullus 4.4.1 ff; 4.6.1 ff; Val. Cato Lyd. 41-4; Virg. Aen. IX 404; XI 483; XI 557; XII 197; {{{2}}}: III 8298 (EN DE); {{{2}}}: VI 32323 (EN DE) Lines 141-46; {{{2}}}: X 3796 (EN DE)	Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, 1.45 Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, 25.12, 27, 23.5 Ovidius, Fasti, 1.387-388 {{{2}}}: VI 32323 (EN DE) Valerius Maximus, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium, 7.3.1
Dis, Dis Pater	Underworld	Ritus Romanus	?	black sheep and other black victims	Prayers: Audolent p.197 no.139, p. 292 no. 218; Ennius Androm; Festus (s.v. lapidem silicem); Macro. Sat. III 9,10; Sil. It. Pun. 8.140-2; Statius Theb. I 56-9; IV 473-87	Valerius Maximus, Factorum et Dictorum Memorabilium, 2.4.5] [Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.9.10-12
Diva	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	?	cow	Probably the same as Iuno	{{{2}}}: VI 32349 (EN DE)
Divus	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	?	ox, sheep	Probably the same as Iuppiter	ILS 5047; Feriale Duranum
Genius Augusti	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine	bull, bull-calf	-	{{{2}}}: VI 32352 (EN DE); Horatius, Odes, 4.5.30 seq. Petronius, Satiricon, 60.7
Genius or Iuno (personal)	-	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine, cakes of boiled salted wheat (liba)	two-month old piglet (on the Saturnalia)	Blood sacrifice was explicitly not recommended on one's birthday	Horatius, Odes, 3.17.14-16; Ovidius, Tristia, 5.5.12; Persius, Satires, 2.1-3; Plinius, Naturalis Historia, 18.84; Tibullus, Elegies, 2.6.8; 4.6.14; Varro in Censorinus, De Die Natali, 2.2
Genius Loci/Lar	Domestic/Chtonic	Ritus Romanus	fruits of the Earth (namely first samplings), wine, garlands of flowers	pig, heifer, ewe-lamb	Inanimate offerings should be dropped/poured to the ground or natural altar in libation	Cato, De Agricultura 139 - 140; Apuleius, Apologia, 56.5-6; Florides, 1.3-4; Tibullus, Elegies, 1.1.19-24
Hercules	Domestic	Ritus Graecus	aconite, henbane, herb Robert. Opopanax, poplar, water lilies	-	Prayers: Apul. Met. IX 21; {{{2}}}: I 1290 (EN DE); Hor. Serm. 2.6.14; Sat. 6.10.3; Pers. Sat. 2.8; Plaut. Curc. 358; Bacch.892; Prop. 4.9.71-4; Sil. It. Pun. 1.505-7; Virg. Aen. 8.301-2;	Apul. Met. IX 21; {{{2}}}: I 1290 (EN DE); Hor. Serm. 2.6.14; Sat. 6.10.3; Pers. Sat. 2.8; Plaut. Curc. 358; Bacch.892; Pliny NH 12.3; 25.12; 25.15; 25.17; 25.37; 27.4; Prop. 4.9.71-4; Sil. It. Pun. 1.505-7; Virg. Aen. 8.301-2;
Ianus	Domestic (doors, passages) / Celestial (beginings and ends)	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine, cakes (strues)	ram	Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. {{{2}}}: VI 2107 (EN DE) vs. 2-13 = ILS 5048; {{{2}}}: VI 2099 (EN DE); Auson. III 5; Cato Agr. 134, 141; Cic. Nat. Deor. 2.67.27; Fest. s.v. Chaos; Horat. Epist. I 16; Sat. 2.6.20; Livy 1.32.10; 8.9.6; Macrob. Sat. 1.9.9, 1.16.25; Martial Epigr. 8.2.8, 8.8.1; 10.28.1; 10.28.12, Ovid Fast. 1.65; 1.172; 1.287 Plaut. Cist. 512; Serv. Ad Aen. 7.610; Varro LL 7.26. Virg. Aen. 12.197	[Cato, De Agricultura 141] [Cato, De Agricultura 134] Cic. Nat. Deor. 2.67.27; Fest. s.v. Chaos; Horat. Epist. I 16; Sat. 2.6.20; ILS 5047; Livy 1.32.10; 8.9.6; Macrob. Sat. 1.9.9, 1.16.25; Martial Epigr. 8.2.8, 8.8.1; 10.28.1; 10.28.12, Ovid Fast. 1.65; 1.172; 1.287; 1.317-24; Plaut. Cist. 512; Serv. Ad Aen. 7.610; Varro, De Lingua Latina, 6.12; 726; Virg. Aen. 12.197
Ilithyia (Juno Lucina)	Domestic	Ritus Graecus (at least at the Ludi Saeculares)	cakes of cheese, cakes of honey, cakes of parsley	-	Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 4; Horat. Carm. Saec. 14	{{{2}}}: VI 32323 (EN DE)
Iuno	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine; silver; wild fig; cypress tree; blue flag iris	bull, ram, white cow, sheep, suovetaurilia (sheep, pig and bull)	Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 4; XI 5 (Sospita); Arnob. Adv. Nat. 3.10; Catul. 34.13; Cic. Domo 144-5; In Verr. II 5.184, Nat. Deor. 2.27.68; Livy 5.21.3; 6.16.1; 8.5; 38.51; Macro. Sat. 3.16.27; Ovid Fasti 3.255; Tib. 3.12.4; Petr. Satyr. 25;Plaut. Aulul. 692; Scr Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7; Serv. Ad Aen. 1.8; Sil. It. Pun. 2.531-42; 6.466-72; 7.78-85; 10.432-8; Terent. Adelph. 486; Andria 473; Tertul. De Anim. C. 39; Tib. 4.6.7; Val. Flac. Argo. 1.79; Varro LL 6.27Virg. Aen 4.607; 12.176; CIL VI 32323 (Acta Sacr. Saec) vs 117; VI 32329 vs 10; {{{2}}}: VI 2065 (EN DE); {{{2}}}: VI 32323 (EN DE) Lines 121-22, 125-27; {{{2}}}: VI 32329 (EN DE)	Cato, De Agricultura 134 {{{2}}}: VI 2043 (EN DE); {{{2}}}: VI 2099 (EN DE); Feriale Duranum ILS 5047; Livy 22.1; Varro LL 6.18
Iuppiter	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine (namely first samplings), cakes (fertum), meat, spelt cake (far), fruits; beans and greens; cinnabar; fluorspar; holm oak; beech tree; laurel, vervain	white heifer, white ox, ewe-lamb, whether, suovetaurilia (sheep, pig and ox), bull?, ram?	According to the ancients books, only castrated victims should be offered to Iuppiter. Prayers: Accius Aen. Sive Dec. fr. 4; Cato Orig. 1 fr 12; Agr. 132, 134; Cic. Domo 144-5; Catul. 64.171; 66.30; 66.48; 67.2; 70.2; Horat. Epist. 1.18.10; Sat. 2.3.281; 2.3.288; Juv. Sat. 10.185; Liv Andro. Odis. 1.45; Livy 1.10.6; 1.12.4; 1.18.8; 1.24.7-9; 1.32.6; 6.16.1; 8.6.5; 8.9.6; 22.53.10; Macrob. Sat. 3.9.10; Mart. 7.6; Ovid Fasti 3.365; 4.827; 4.893; 5.716; Heroid. 13.49; Pers. Sat. 3.35; 10.185; Petron. Sat. 44; 122, 156; 126; 498; Plaut. Poen. 1187; Persa 251; Persa 753; Prop. 2.28a.1-2; 4.10.15; 4.11.18; Scr Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7; Seneca Herc. Fur. 205; 299; 516; 900; 930; Sil. It. Pun. 3.565-7; 4.126-7; 6.102-7; 6.466-72; 10.432-8; 12.643-5; 14.440-1; 15.362-3; Statius Theb. III 471-96; VI 197-201; Tacit. Ann. 16.35; Hist. 4.58; Tib. 1.3.51; Val. Flac. Argo. 1.667; 4.474; 6.727; Val Sor. fr 4 (Aug. Hip. C. Dei 7.9); Vel. Pat. 2.131.1; Virg. Aen. 1.731; 2.689; 4.206; 5.687; 8.572; 9.495; 9.625; 10.668; 12.176; 12.197; CIL VI 32 323 vs 105; III 01933 (=ILS 4907); CIL 2.172; 3.1933; 5.5543; 6.2065; 6.32323 Lines 105-6.	[Cato, De Agricultura 141] [Cato, De Agricultura 134] {{{2}}}: VI 2065 (EN DE); CIL 6.2099; Festus-Paul, On the meaning of the words, Lindsay ed., p.40.27 and 57.16-18; ILS 5047; Livius 22.10; Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.10.3 Ovidius, Fasti, 1.55-57; 1.83 seq.; 2.67-70; 3.730; 4.863-900; 5.507-23; Plinius, NH 12.3; 15.13433.111; 37.18; Servius, ad Virg. Eclog., 8.82; Varro LL 5.152; 6.16
Lares Augusti	Domestic	Ritus Romanus	same as Lares Familiares	same as Lares Familiares, wether	-	ILS 5047
Lares Compitales/Viales	Chtonic	Ritus Romanus	?	pig shining with grease	Prayer: Plaut. Merc. 865	Propertius, Elegies, 4.1.23
Lar Familiaris / Lares Familiares	Domestic	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine, food (namely fruits and roasted meat with mola salsa), garlands of flowers	ewe-lamb, pig, ram (funeral)	Flowers are to adorn the Lararium and not to be burnt Prayers: Calp. Bucol. 5,26; Cato Agr. 2.142; Ennius Ann. I fr. 141; Liv. 8.9.6; Plaut. Mil. Glor. 1339; Merc. 834; Trinum. 39; Tib. 1.1; 1.3.; 1.10; Val. Max. 2.5.5; 3.4.5.	Horatius, Satires, 2.5.14; Odes, 3.23.4; Ovidius, Fasti, 2.631-634; Plautus, Aulularia; Plinius, NH 21.11; 28.27; Servius, Aeneidos, 1.730; Tibullus, Elegies, 1.1.23; 1.3.33 seq; Valerius Maximus, 2.5.5; Varro in Nonius Marcellus, De Compendiosa Doctrina, Lindsay ed. p.554 1-2; Virgilius, Bucolics, 1.43
Liber Pater	Chtonic	Ritus Romanus (the Bachannalia are considered Graeca Sacra, i.e. a foreign rite not included in the Roman public cult)	cakes (liba), libations of must (namely first samplings)	?	Prayer: Cic. In Verr. II 5.184; Horat. Carm. 1.12.13; 2.19.7; Nemes. Ecl. II 20; Ovid Fasti 3.481; 6.652; Nux 11; Plaut. Curc. 117; Prop. 3.17.1-20; Statius Theb. IV 383-404; Tib. 2.1.3; 3.6.1; Virg. Geo. 1.5; Aen. 1.731	Festus-Paul, Lindsay ed., p.423.1 seq; Ovid, Fasti, 3.713-740; Plinius, HN 18.8
Manes	Underworld	Ritus Romanus	unmixed wine, fresh milk, blood of sacrificial victims, roses, violets, black beans, salted corn, wheat mixed with wine	ewe, pig, black bull-calves, black sheep, black puppies, blood of sacrificial animals	Use left hand to offer. Inanimate offerings are dropped/poured to the ground in libation without burning. Banquet can take place in the presence of the deceased. Prayers: CIL 6.18817Macrob. Sat. III 9.10; Ovid 5.437-43; Sil. It. Pun. 6.113; 8.140-2; 15.443-4; Statius Theb. IV 473-87; VII 93-103	Ovidius, Fasti, 2.535-540; 4.436; Plinius, HN 21.11; Statius Thebaid 4.463-7; Valerius Flaccus Argo. 5.192 ff Virgilius, Aeneid 5.55-103
Mania / Mater Larum (mother of the Lares)	Underworld	Ritus Romanus	garlic, poppy heads	sheep	Prayer : Ovid Fasti 6.559	ILS 5047 Macrobius, Saturnalia, 1.7.35 seq.
Mars	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	spelt, bacon fat, meat, wine, cakes (strues and fertum); peony; iron goblets	suovetaurilia (sheep, pig and bull), bull, ram	Entrails were offered raw rather than boiled. Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 123 (Herzen); Carmen Fratrum Arvalium; Cato Agr. 141; Claud. Ruf. 1.334-9; Gell. Noct. Att. 13.23.13; Horat. Carm. 1.5.35; Livy 8.9.6, 45.32.2; Lucan Phar. II 59; Ovid Fast. 3.1; 3.73; 4.827; 5.573;Serv. Ad Aen. 3.3; Sil. It. 3.126-7; 10.553-4; Val. Flacc. Argo. 5.244; Vell. Patercul. II 131,1; Virg. Aen. 12.176	Cato, De Agricultura 141 ILS 5047; Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.10.4; Pliny NH 25.16; 34.141; Suetonius, Vita Divi Augusti, 1
Mercurius	Celestial, Chtonic, and Underworld	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine, beans and greens, cypress, crocus; herb mercury, mercurialis annua	-	Prayers: Hort. Sat. 2.6.14; Serm. II 6,4; Man. Astrom. 1.30ff; Mart. Epigr. 7.74; Ovid Fast. 5.477; 5.663; 5.681; Pers. Sat. II 45; Plaut. Bacch. 892; Stich. 402; Anthol. Lat. II 1528	Pliny NH 25.18; Ovid Fasti 5.11-14; 5.87-88; 5.507-11; 5.671-72
Minerva	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	silver, olive, mixture of dogbur, plantain, and yarrow; Chiron vine; rosemary	white cow, suovetaurilia (sheep, pig and bull),	Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 122 (Herzen); Apul. Met. XI 5; Capell. VI 575; Cic. Domo 144-5; Livy 6.16.1; Ovid Fasti 6.652; Nux 11; Scrip. Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7; Seneca Herc. Fur. 900; Sil. It. Pun. 10.432-8; Statius Theb. II 715-42;Virg. Aen. 9.483, 11.483; {{{2}}}: VI 2065 (EN DE); 11.1305	{{{2}}}: VI 2065 (EN DE); 2099; Livy 22.1; Pliny NH 12.3; 24.59; 24.116; 25.16
Neptunus	Watery	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine, beans and greens	bull dressed with blue ribbons	Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 123 (Herzen); Arnob. Adv. Nat. 3.43; Hor. Carm. 1.5; Petr. Satyr. 108; Plaut. Most. 431; Rud. 358; Stich. 403; Trinum. 819ff; Rodens 906; Stich. 403; Sil. It. Pun. 15.159-62; Val. Flac. Argo. 1.188; 1.667; Verg. Aen. 3.52.8, 5.235	Macrobius, Saturnalia 3.10.4; Ovid Fasti 3.10.4; 5.507-9; 5.511; 5.515-16; Valerius Flaccus Argo. 1.188 ff
Numen Augusti	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine	bull-calf	-	{{{2}}}: XII 4333 (EN DE); ILS 154
Penates (ensemble of domestic gods)	Domestic	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine, cakes, food, etc.	ewe-lamb (see below on the Lares Familiares), cow	The Penates were the set of gods worshiped in a household	Cicero, De Divinatione II.39; {{{2}}}: VI 2042 (EN DE); Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.23; Festus-Paul, Lindsay ed. p.298
Priapus	Domestic/Fertility	Ritus Romanus	milk, cakes (liba)	-	Prayers: Anthol. Lat. II 861; II 1504; Catul. 18; Nemes. Ecl. II 20; Petr. Satyr. 133; Tib. I 1.17; I.4.1-6; Virg. Eclog. 7.33	Vergilius, Eclogae, 7.33-34
Proserpina	Underworld	Ritus Romanus	?	black victims	Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 2; XI 2; XI 5; Tib. III 5,6; Livy 24.38.8; Senec. Herc. Fur. 596; Lucan. Phar. VI 695; Statius Theb. I 85-7; IV 473-87; IV 501-3	Valerius Maximus, 2.4.5
Robigo	Chthonic	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine	red (?) dog, ewe, unweaned puppy	Prayers: Ovid Fast. 4.911	Columella, De Re Rustica, 342 seq; Festus-Paul, Lindsay ed., p.358.27-30
Salus	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	?	cow	Prayer: Acta Frat. Arv. 122; 123 (Henz)	{{{2}}}: VI 2065 (EN DE)
Saturnus	Chtonic	Ritus Graecus	?	pig?	Prayer: Anthol. Lat. I.199,9; Mart. Epigr. XII 62,1; Plaut. Bacch. 892; Cist. 512;	Festus-Paul, Lindsay ed., p.274.29-32
Tellus	Chtonic	Ritus Romanus	spelt cakes	sow (sometimes pregnant), pregnant cow	Prayers: Anthol. Lat. I17.1; II 1029.5; II.1048.1; Ant. Mus. Praec. Ter.; Macro. Sat. III 9, 10; Ovid Fasti 1.669; Statius Theb. VIII 303-38; Varro Rust. I 2,27; CIL VI 32 323 vs 136 (=ILS 5050)	Ovid, Fasti, 1.657-704; 4.629-636
Venus	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	Incense, mint, myrtle, pearl	-	Prayers: Apul. Met. XI 2; XI 5; Cic. Deor.Nat. 2.67.27; Hort. Carm. 1.3.1, 1.30.1; Juv. Sat. 10.290; Lucr. Rerum Nat. I 1-9; Nemes. Ecl. II 20; Plaut Bacch. 892; Mil. Glor. 1227; Rud. 1337; Curc. 125; Rodens 694ff; Tib. 1.2.41 ff; 3.3,33; 3.9.4	Ovid Fasti 4.867-69; Pliny NH 12.3; 15.119-20); 9.121
Vesta	Domestic	Ritus Romanus	incense, wine, meat, violets, laurel	sheep, white ass	Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 123, p.147 (Herz.); Cic. Deor. Nat. 2.67.27; Domo 144; Juv. Sat. 6.386; Ovid Fast. 3.426; 6.429; Ser. Ad Aen. 1.292; Val. Max. 8.1.5(absol); Vel. Pat. 2.131.1	Cato, De Agricultura, 132 ILS 5047; Ovidius, Fasti, 3.141-42; 3.418; 6.325-48; 6.629-30
Victoria	Celestial	Ritus Romanus	incense	cow	Prayer: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 123 (Herz.); Auson XIX 2,1; Ovid Amor. III 2,46; Scrip. Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7	Ambrosius, Epistles 18.31; Feriale Duranum
Volcanus	Fiery (destructive)	Ritus Romanus	-	fish, red (?) animals	Prayer: Martial Epigr. 5.7.5; Grattius Cyneg. 437-42	Grattius Cyneg 437-42; Ovid Fasti 6.627-36; Festus-Paul, , Lindsay ed., p.276.3; Varro, LL 6.20

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 | cakes of cheese, cakes of honey, cakes of parsley
 | hind, white she-goat?, cow
-| Prayers: Apul. Met. XI 2; Catul 34.21-2; Cic. In Verr. II 5.184; Horat. Carm. 1.21.1; 3.22.2; Epist. 5.5; Carm. Saec. 13; Laevius fr. 26; Livius Andronicus fr. Equos Troianos; Ovid Fasti 2.449; 3.255-56;  Met. 5.618-20; Sil. It. Pun. 9.168-72; 13.137; Statius Theb. IV 746-64; VI 633-37; 9.606-35; 10.360-70; Tertul de Anim. 39; Tibullus 4.4.1 ff; 4.6.1 ff; Val. Cato Lyd. 41-4; Virg. Aen. IX 404; XI 483; XI 557; XII 197; CIL 3.8298; 6.32323 Lines 141-46; 10.3796
+| Prayers: Apul. Met. XI 2; Catul 34.21-2; Cic. In Verr. II 5.184; Horat. Carm. 1.21.1; 3.22.2; Epist. 5.5; Carm. Saec. 13; Laevius fr. 26; Livius Andronicus fr. Equos Troianos; Ovid Fasti 2.449; 3.255-56;  Met. 5.618-20; Sil. It. Pun. 9.168-72; 13.137; Statius Theb. IV 746-64; VI 633-37; 9.606-35; 10.360-70; Tertul de Anim. 39; Tibullus 4.4.1 ff; 4.6.1 ff; Val. Cato Lyd. 41-4; Virg. Aen. IX 404; XI 483; XI 557; XII 197; {{CIL|III|8298}}; {{CIL|VI|32323}} Lines 141-46; {{CIL|X|3796}}
 |
 *Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, 1.45
@@ Line 66: / Line 66: @@
 | cow
 | Probably the same as Iuno
-| CIL 6.32349
+| {{CIL|VI|32349}}
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 | [[Divus]]
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 | bull, bull-calf
 | -
-| CIL 6.32352; Horatius, Odes, 4.5.30 seq. Petronius, Satiricon, 60.7
+| {{CIL|VI|32352}}; Horatius, Odes, 4.5.30 seq. Petronius, Satiricon, 60.7
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 | [[Genius]] or [[Iuno]] (personal)
@@ Line 105: / Line 105: @@
 | aconite, henbane, herb Robert. Opopanax, poplar, water lilies
 | -
-| Prayers: Apul. Met. IX 21; CIL 1.1290;Hor. Serm. 2.6.14; Sat. 6.10.3; Pers. Sat. 2.8; Plaut. Curc. 358; Bacch.892; Prop. 4.9.71-4; Sil. It. Pun. 1.505-7; Virg. Aen. 8.301-2;
+| Prayers: Apul. Met. IX 21; {{CIL|I|1290}}; Hor. Serm. 2.6.14; Sat. 6.10.3; Pers. Sat. 2.8; Plaut. Curc. 358; Bacch.892; Prop. 4.9.71-4; Sil. It. Pun. 1.505-7; Virg. Aen. 8.301-2;
-| Apul. Met. IX 21; CIL 1.1290;Hor. Serm. 2.6.14; Sat. 6.10.3; Pers. Sat. 2.8; Plaut. Curc. 358; Bacch.892; Pliny NH 12.3; 25.12; 25.15; 25.17; 25.37; 27.4; Prop. 4.9.71-4; Sil. It. Pun. 1.505-7; Virg. Aen. 8.301-2;
+| Apul. Met. IX 21; {{CIL|I|1290}}; Hor. Serm. 2.6.14; Sat. 6.10.3; Pers. Sat. 2.8; Plaut. Curc. 358; Bacch.892; Pliny NH 12.3; 25.12; 25.15; 25.17; 25.37; 27.4; Prop. 4.9.71-4; Sil. It. Pun. 1.505-7; Virg. Aen. 8.301-2;
 |-style="text-align:left; font-size:8pt;"
 | [[Ianus]]
@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 | incense, wine, cakes (strues)
 | ram
-| Prayers:  Acta Frat. Arv. CIL 6.2107 vs. 2-13 =  ILS 5048; 6.2099;  Auson. III 5; Cato Agr. 134, 141; Cic. Nat. Deor. 2.67.27; Fest. s.v. Chaos; Horat. Epist. I 16; Sat. 2.6.20; Livy 1.32.10; 8.9.6; Macrob. Sat. 1.9.9, 1.16.25; Martial Epigr. 8.2.8, 8.8.1; 10.28.1; 10.28.12, Ovid Fast. 1.65; 1.172; 1.287 Plaut. Cist. 512; Serv. Ad Aen. 7.610; Varro LL 7.26. Virg. Aen. 12.197
+| Prayers:  Acta Frat. Arv. {{CIL|VI|2107}} vs. 2-13 =  ILS 5048; {{CIL|VI|2099}};  Auson. III 5; Cato Agr. 134, 141; Cic. Nat. Deor. 2.67.27; Fest. s.v. Chaos; Horat. Epist. I 16; Sat. 2.6.20; Livy 1.32.10; 8.9.6; Macrob. Sat. 1.9.9, 1.16.25; Martial Epigr. 8.2.8, 8.8.1; 10.28.1; 10.28.12, Ovid Fast. 1.65; 1.172; 1.287 Plaut. Cist. 512; Serv. Ad Aen. 7.610; Varro LL 7.26. Virg. Aen. 12.197
 | [Cato, De Agricultura 141] [Cato, De Agricultura 134] Cic. Nat. Deor. 2.67.27; Fest. s.v. Chaos; Horat. Epist. I 16; Sat. 2.6.20; ILS 5047; Livy 1.32.10; 8.9.6; Macrob. Sat. 1.9.9, 1.16.25; Martial Epigr. 8.2.8, 8.8.1; 10.28.1; 10.28.12, Ovid Fast. 1.65; 1.172; 1.287; 1.317-24; Plaut. Cist. 512; Serv. Ad Aen. 7.610; Varro, De Lingua Latina, 6.12; 726; Virg. Aen. 12.197
 |-style="text-align:left; font-size:8pt;"
@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 | incense, wine; silver; wild fig; cypress tree; blue flag iris
 | bull, ram, white cow, sheep, suovetaurilia (sheep, pig and bull)
-| Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 4; XI 5 (Sospita); Arnob. Adv. Nat. 3.10; Catul. 34.13; Cic. Domo 144-5; In Verr. II 5.184, Nat. Deor. 2.27.68; Livy 5.21.3; 6.16.1; 8.5; 38.51; Macro. Sat. 3.16.27; Ovid Fasti 3.255; Tib. 3.12.4; Petr. Satyr. 25;Plaut. Aulul. 692; Scr Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7;  Serv. Ad Aen. 1.8; Sil. It. Pun. 2.531-42; 6.466-72; 7.78-85; 10.432-8; Terent. Adelph. 486; Andria 473; Tertul. De Anim. C. 39; Tib. 4.6.7; Val. Flac. Argo. 1.79; Varro LL 6.27Virg. Aen 4.607; 12.176; CIL VI 32323 (Acta Sacr. Saec) vs 117; VI 32329 vs 10; CIL 6.2065; 6.32323 Lines 121-22, 125-27; 6.32329
+| Prayers: Apul. Met. VI 4; XI 5 (Sospita); Arnob. Adv. Nat. 3.10; Catul. 34.13; Cic. Domo 144-5; In Verr. II 5.184, Nat. Deor. 2.27.68; Livy 5.21.3; 6.16.1; 8.5; 38.51; Macro. Sat. 3.16.27; Ovid Fasti 3.255; Tib. 3.12.4; Petr. Satyr. 25;Plaut. Aulul. 692; Scr Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7;  Serv. Ad Aen. 1.8; Sil. It. Pun. 2.531-42; 6.466-72; 7.78-85; 10.432-8; Terent. Adelph. 486; Andria 473; Tertul. De Anim. C. 39; Tib. 4.6.7; Val. Flac. Argo. 1.79; Varro LL 6.27Virg. Aen 4.607; 12.176; CIL VI 32323 (Acta Sacr. Saec) vs 117; VI 32329 vs 10; {{CIL|VI|2065}}; {{CIL|VI|32323}} Lines 121-22, 125-27; {{CIL|VI|32329}}
-| Cato, [[De Agricultura 134]] CIL 6.2043; 6.2099; Feriale Duranum ILS 5047; Livy 22.1; Varro LL 6.18
+| Cato, [[De Agricultura 134]] {{CIL|VI|2043}}; {{CIL|VI|2099}}; Feriale Duranum ILS 5047; Livy 22.1; Varro LL 6.18
 |-style="text-align:left; font-size:8pt;"
 | [[Iuppiter]]
@@ Line 140: / Line 140: @@
 | According to the ancients books, only castrated victims should be offered to Iuppiter.
 Prayers: Accius Aen. Sive Dec. fr. 4; Cato Orig. 1 fr 12; Agr. 132, 134; Cic. Domo 144-5; Catul. 64.171; 66.30; 66.48; 67.2; 70.2;   Horat. Epist. 1.18.10; Sat. 2.3.281; 2.3.288; Juv. Sat. 10.185; Liv Andro. Odis. 1.45; Livy 1.10.6; 1.12.4; 1.18.8; 1.24.7-9; 1.32.6; 6.16.1; 8.6.5; 8.9.6; 22.53.10; Macrob. Sat. 3.9.10; Mart. 7.6; Ovid Fasti 3.365; 4.827; 4.893; 5.716; Heroid. 13.49; Pers. Sat. 3.35; 10.185; Petron. Sat. 44; 122, 156; 126; 498; Plaut. Poen. 1187; Persa 251; Persa 753; Prop. 2.28a.1-2; 4.10.15; 4.11.18; Scr Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7; Seneca Herc. Fur. 205; 299; 516; 900; 930;  Sil. It. Pun. 3.565-7; 4.126-7; 6.102-7; 6.466-72; 10.432-8; 12.643-5; 14.440-1; 15.362-3; Statius Theb. III 471-96; VI 197-201; Tacit. Ann. 16.35; Hist. 4.58; Tib. 1.3.51; Val. Flac. Argo. 1.667; 4.474; 6.727; Val Sor. fr 4 (Aug. Hip. C. Dei 7.9); Vel. Pat. 2.131.1;  Virg. Aen. 1.731; 2.689; 4.206; 5.687; 8.572; 9.495; 9.625; 10.668; 12.176; 12.197; CIL VI 32 323 vs 105; III 01933 (=ILS 4907); CIL 2.172; 3.1933; 5.5543; 6.2065; 6.32323 Lines 105-6.
-|[Cato, De Agricultura 141] [Cato, De Agricultura 134]  CIL 6.2065; CIL 6.2099;  Festus-Paul, On the meaning of the words, Lindsay ed., p.40.27 and 57.16-18; ILS 5047; Livius 22.10; Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.10.3 Ovidius, Fasti, 1.55-57; 1.83 seq.; 2.67-70; 3.730; 4.863-900; 5.507-23; Plinius, NH 12.3; 15.13433.111; 37.18; Servius,  ad Virg. Eclog., 8.82; Varro LL 5.152; 6.16
+|[Cato, De Agricultura 141] [Cato, De Agricultura 134]  {{CIL|VI|2065}}; CIL 6.2099;  Festus-Paul, On the meaning of the words, Lindsay ed., p.40.27 and 57.16-18; ILS 5047; Livius 22.10; Macrobius, Saturnalia, 3.10.3 Ovidius, Fasti, 1.55-57; 1.83 seq.; 2.67-70; 3.730; 4.863-900; 5.507-23; Plinius, NH 12.3; 15.13433.111; 37.18; Servius,  ad Virg. Eclog., 8.82; Varro LL 5.152; 6.16
 |-style="text-align:left; font-size:8pt;"
 | [[Lares Augusti]]
@@ Line 214: / Line 214: @@
 | silver, olive, mixture of dogbur, plantain, and yarrow; Chiron vine; rosemary
 | white cow, suovetaurilia (sheep, pig and bull),
-| Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 122 (Herzen); Apul. Met. XI 5; Capell. VI 575; Cic. Domo 144-5; Livy 6.16.1; Ovid Fasti 6.652; Nux 11; Scrip. Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7; Seneca Herc. Fur. 900; Sil. It. Pun. 10.432-8; Statius Theb. II 715-42;Virg. Aen. 9.483, 11.483; CIL 6.2065; 11.1305
+| Prayers: Acta Frat. Arv. p. 122 (Herzen); Apul. Met. XI 5; Capell. VI 575; Cic. Domo 144-5; Livy 6.16.1; Ovid Fasti 6.652; Nux 11; Scrip. Hist. Aug. Vit. Prob. 12.7; Seneca Herc. Fur. 900; Sil. It. Pun. 10.432-8; Statius Theb. II 715-42;Virg. Aen. 9.483, 11.483; {{CIL|VI|2065}}; 11.1305
-| CIL 6.2065; 2099; Livy 22.1; Pliny NH 12.3; 24.59; 24.116; 25.16
+| {{CIL|VI|2065}}; 2099; Livy 22.1; Pliny NH 12.3; 24.59; 24.116; 25.16
 |-style="text-align:left; font-size:8pt;"
 | [[Neptunus]]
@@ Line 231: / Line 231: @@
 | bull-calf
 | -
-| CIL 12.4333; ILS 154
+| {{CIL|XII|4333}}; ILS 154
 |-style="text-align:left; font-size:8pt;"
 | [[Penates]] (ensemble of domestic gods)
@@ Line 239: / Line 239: @@
 | ewe-lamb (see below on the Lares Familiares), cow
 | The Penates were the set of gods worshiped in a household
-| Cicero, De Divinatione II.39; CIL 6.2042; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.23; Festus-Paul, Lindsay ed. p.298
+| Cicero, De Divinatione II.39; {{CIL|VI|2042}}; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 2.23; Festus-Paul, Lindsay ed. p.298
 |-style="text-align:left; font-size:8pt;"
 | [[Priapus]]
@@ Line 271: / Line 271: @@
 | cow
 | Prayer: Acta Frat. Arv. 122; 123 (Henz)
-| CIL 6.2065
+| {{CIL|VI|2065}}
 |-style="text-align:left; font-size:8pt;"
 | [[Saturnus]]

How to sacrifice

Latest revision as of 09:38, 13 May 2010

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