Magistracies (Nova Roma)
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The '''ordinary magistracies''' (Latin ''magistratus ordinarii'') are those which are filled every year by regular elections. They are: | The '''ordinary magistracies''' (Latin ''magistratus ordinarii'') are those which are filled every year by regular elections. They are: | ||
| − | |||
*The [[Consul (Nova Roma)|Consulatus]] | *The [[Consul (Nova Roma)|Consulatus]] | ||
*The [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetura]] | *The [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetura]] | ||
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Although the [[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|Tribunatus Plebis]] is not technically classified as a magistracy, in practice it is one of the ordinary magistracies. | Although the [[Tribunus Plebis (Nova Roma)|Tribunatus Plebis]] is not technically classified as a magistracy, in practice it is one of the ordinary magistracies. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Though the [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]] is considered an ordinary magistracy, it was filled only in every five years (in some cases not even then), and thier term of office lasted 18 months, therefore it is between the ordinany and the extraordinary magistracies. | ||
The '''extraordinary magistracies''' (Latin ''magistratus extraordinarii'') are those which are filled only when they are needed. They are: | The '''extraordinary magistracies''' (Latin ''magistratus extraordinarii'') are those which are filled only when they are needed. They are: | ||
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==Higher and Lower Magistracies== | ==Higher and Lower Magistracies== | ||
| − | The '''higher magistracies''' (Latin ''magistratus maiores'') are those which are most senior in rank. They are elected by the highest of the popular assemblies, the [[Comitia centuriata (Nova Roma)|comitia centuriata]]. | + | The '''higher magistracies''' (Latin ''magistratus maiores'') are those which are most senior in rank. They are elected by the highest of the popular assemblies, the [[Comitia centuriata (Nova Roma)|comitia centuriata]]. The higher magistracies, in decreasing order of ''potestas'', are: |
| + | |||
| + | *The [[Consul (Nova Roma)|Consulatus]] | ||
| + | *The [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetura]] | ||
| + | *The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | The higher magistracies can be classified after the degree of ''auctoritas'' they have. The higher magistracies, in decreasing order of ''auctoritas'', are: | ||
*The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]] | *The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]] | ||
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==Magistracies With and Without Imperium== | ==Magistracies With and Without Imperium== | ||
| − | [[Imperium (Nova Roma)|Imperium]] is the highest form of executive power in the republic. Those magistracies which carry imperium | + | [[Imperium (Nova Roma)|Imperium]] is the highest form of executive power in the republic. Those magistracies which carry not only ''potestas'' but also ''imperium'', in decreasing order of ''imperium'', are: |
*The [[Dictator (Nova Roma)|Dictatura]] | *The [[Dictator (Nova Roma)|Dictatura]] | ||
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*The [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetura]] | *The [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetura]] | ||
| − | Those without | + | Those without ''imperium'' mostly have the lesser power of [[Potestas (Nova Roma)|potestas]]: |
*The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]] | *The [[Censor (Nova Roma)|Censura]] | ||
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==Curule and Non-Curule Magistracies== | ==Curule and Non-Curule Magistracies== | ||
| − | The '''curule magistracies''' (Latin ''magistratus curules'') are those whose holders are entitled by virtue of their office to sit on the curule chair (Latin ''sella curulis'') and whose descendants are regarded as ''nobiles''. They are: | + | The '''curule magistracies''' (Latin ''magistratus curules'') are those whose holders are entitled by virtue of their office to sit on the curule chair (Latin ''sella curulis'') and whose descendants are regarded as [[Nobilis (Nova Roma)|''nobiles'']]. They are: |
*The [[Dictator (Nova Roma)|Dictatura]] | *The [[Dictator (Nova Roma)|Dictatura]] | ||
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*The [[Aedilis Curulis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Curulis]] | *The [[Aedilis Curulis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Curulis]] | ||
| − | The '''non-curule magistrates''' | + | The '''non-curule magistrates''' are: |
*The [[Aedilis Plebis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Plebis]] | *The [[Aedilis Plebis (Nova Roma)|Aedilitas Plebis]] | ||
Revision as of 10:26, 8 February 2008
IN·MEMORIAM·A·TVLLIAE·SCHOLASTICAE·AVGVSTAE·PRINCIPIS·SENATVS·CENSORIS·IIII·CONSVLIS·II·PRAETRICIS
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Magistracies are the executive offices of Nova Roma. They can be classified in several ways.
Contents |
Ordinary and Extraordinary Magistracies
The ordinary magistracies (Latin magistratus ordinarii) are those which are filled every year by regular elections. They are:
- The Consulatus
- The Praetura
- The Aedilitas Curulis
- The Aedilitas Plebis
- The Quaestura
Although the Tribunatus Plebis is not technically classified as a magistracy, in practice it is one of the ordinary magistracies.
Though the Censura is considered an ordinary magistracy, it was filled only in every five years (in some cases not even then), and thier term of office lasted 18 months, therefore it is between the ordinany and the extraordinary magistracies.
The extraordinary magistracies (Latin magistratus extraordinarii) are those which are filled only when they are needed. They are:
- The Dictatura
- The Interregnum
Higher and Lower Magistracies
The higher magistracies (Latin magistratus maiores) are those which are most senior in rank. They are elected by the highest of the popular assemblies, the comitia centuriata. The higher magistracies, in decreasing order of potestas, are:
- The Consulatus
- The Praetura
- The Censura
The higher magistracies can be classified after the degree of auctoritas they have. The higher magistracies, in decreasing order of auctoritas, are:
- The Censura
- The Consulatus
- The Praetura
The rest are lower magistracies (Latin magistratus minores):
- The Aedilitas Curulis
- The Aedilitas Plebis
- The Quaestura
The Tribunatus Plebis is not technically classified as a magistracy, and it would not be correct to regard it as either a higher or a lower magistracy.
The extraordinary magistracies are not classified as either higher or lower magistracies.
Magistracies With and Without Imperium
Imperium is the highest form of executive power in the republic. Those magistracies which carry not only potestas but also imperium, in decreasing order of imperium, are:
- The Dictatura
- The Consulatus
- The Praetura
Those without imperium mostly have the lesser power of potestas:
- The Censura
- The Aedilitas Curulis
- The Aedilitas Plebis
- The Quaestura
The Tribuni Plebis have neither imperium nor potestas but the special power of tribunicia potestas.
The power of the Interrex is hard to classify. Logically it ought to be imperium, because the constitutional duty of the Interrex is to preside over the election of the Consules, and this requires the convention of the Comitia Centuriata: only a magistrate with imperium can convene the Comitia Centuriata. However, strong custom prevents the interrex from exercising the full range of imperium.
Curule and Non-Curule Magistracies
The curule magistracies (Latin magistratus curules) are those whose holders are entitled by virtue of their office to sit on the curule chair (Latin sella curulis) and whose descendants are regarded as nobiles. They are:
- The Dictatura
- The Censura
- The Consulatus
- The Praetura
- The Aedilitas Curulis
The non-curule magistrates are:
- The Aedilitas Plebis
- The Quaestura
The Tribunatus Plebis, not technically a magistracy at all, is not a curule office.
It is not entirely clear whether the Interregnum is a curule or a non-curule magistracy.
