Consul (Nova Roma)

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IN·MEMORIAM·A·TVLLIAE·SCHOLASTICAE·AVGVSTAE·PRINCIPIS·SENATVS·CENSORIS·IIII·CONSVLIS·II·PRAETRICIS

The consulship is one of the magistracies of Nova Roma. There are two consules.

Collegiality and precedence

The consules are colleagues and their legal powers are equal.

In the ancient republic when both consules were at Rome they would hold the fasces (i.e. exercise power) in alternate months. This practice is sometimes adopted in Nova Roma, for example Q. Maximo M. Minucio cos. ‡ MMDCCLIII a.u.c..

The consul who held the fasces first was referred to as consul maior or consul prior. When it was necessary for one consul to take precedence on ceremonial occasions, for instance in religious processions, the maior consul took precedence.

It is not entirely clear how it was decided which consul was maior, and there may even have been disagreement about this antiquity.^[1] Some sources seem to indicate that the maior consul was the elder one;^[2] others that he was the one elected first;^[3] others that he was the one who ranked higher in prestige or status.^[4] The solution is perhaps that in strict point of law the maior consul was the first elected, but that he customarily yielded precedence to his colleague if that colleague was significantly older or higher-ranking.^[5] The most common view in Nova Roma is that the maior consul is the one elected first.

Citizens of Nova Roma sometimes mistakenly use the terms senior consul ("elder" consul) and iunior consul ("younger" consul) for maior consul and minor consul respectively.

Offices and Edicta

Edicta of the Consules are posted in their respective officinae.

K. Buteone Po. Minucia cos. ‡ MMDCCLIX a.u.c.

L. Arminio Ti. Galerio cos. ‡ MMDCCLX a.u.c.

List of Consuls of Nova Roma

As of L. Arminio Ti. Galerio cos. ‡ MMDCCLX a.u.c., 19 individuals have been Consul of Nova Roma.

Three have held the office twice.
Ten (53%) served as Praetor before becoming Consul. (indicated with PR.)
Three (16%) were not members of the Senate before being elected Consul. (indicated with **)
One is no longer a citizen.

References

↑ Discussion summarized in Lintott, The Constitution Of The Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 100. The issue sometimes gets confused with the question of whether consules are maiores than praetores, also discussed by ancient sources, on which see Stewart, Public Office In Early Rome: Ritual Procedure & Political Practice (University of Michigan Press, 1998), pp. 212-213.
↑ "postridieque [P. Valerius Publicola] sibi collegam Sp. Lucretium subrogavit, suosque ad eum quod erat maior natu lictores transire iussit, instituitque primus ut singulis consulibus alternis mensibus lictores praeirent" ("and the next day he [P. Valerius Publicola] had Sp. Lucretius elected as his colleage, and ordered his [Publicola's] lictors to go over to him [Lucretius] because he [Lucretius] was the elder, and he [Publicola] was the first to lay it down that the lictors should accompany each consul in alternate months") - Cicero, de re publica, 2.55 (the same story is told in Valerius Maximus, 4.1.1, and Plutarch, Publicola, 12.5); "Solitos tamen audio, qui lege potiores essent fasces primi menses collegis concedere aut longe aetate prioribus aut nobilioribus multo aut secundum consulatum ineuntibus" ("I have heard, however, that those who by statute had priority used to yield the first month's fasces to colleagues who were many years older, or much more noble, or who were beginning a second consulate") - Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 2.15.8.
↑ "Maiorem consulem L. Caesar putat dici vel eum penes quem fasces sint vel eum qui prior factus sit" ("L. Caesar thought the consul was called maior who held the fasces or who was elected first") - Festus, p. 154 Lindsay; a republican inscription also gives a special role to the consul first elected, but it is not certain that this is the same as the consul maior - see Lintott, The Constitution Of The Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 100 n. 29.
↑ "Solitos tamen audio, qui lege potiores essent fasces primi menses collegis concedere aut longe aetate prioribus aut nobilioribus multo aut secundum consulatum ineuntibus" ("I have heard, however, that those who by statute had priority used to yield the first month's fasces to colleagues who were many years older, or much more noble, or who were beginning a second consulate") - Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 2.15.8
↑ This interpretation appears to be supported by Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 2.15.8, quoted in the note above.

[_note-0] Discussion summarized in Lintott, The Constitution Of The Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 100. The issue sometimes gets confused with the question of whether consules are maiores than praetores, also discussed by ancient sources, on which see Stewart, Public Office In Early Rome: Ritual Procedure & Political Practice (University of Michigan Press, 1998), pp. 212-213.

[_note-1] "postridieque [P. Valerius Publicola] sibi collegam Sp. Lucretium subrogavit, suosque ad eum quod erat maior natu lictores transire iussit, instituitque primus ut singulis consulibus alternis mensibus lictores praeirent" ("and the next day he [P. Valerius Publicola] had Sp. Lucretius elected as his colleage, and ordered his [Publicola's] lictors to go over to him [Lucretius] because he [Lucretius] was the elder, and he [Publicola] was the first to lay it down that the lictors should accompany each consul in alternate months") - Cicero, de re publica, 2.55 (the same story is told in Valerius Maximus, 4.1.1, and Plutarch, Publicola, 12.5); "Solitos tamen audio, qui lege potiores essent fasces primi menses collegis concedere aut longe aetate prioribus aut nobilioribus multo aut secundum consulatum ineuntibus" ("I have heard, however, that those who by statute had priority used to yield the first month's fasces to colleagues who were many years older, or much more noble, or who were beginning a second consulate") - Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 2.15.8.

[_note-2] "Maiorem consulem L. Caesar putat dici vel eum penes quem fasces sint vel eum qui prior factus sit" ("L. Caesar thought the consul was called maior who held the fasces or who was elected first") - Festus, p. 154 Lindsay; a republican inscription also gives a special role to the consul first elected, but it is not certain that this is the same as the consul maior - see Lintott, The Constitution Of The Roman Republic (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 100 n. 29.

[_note-3] "Solitos tamen audio, qui lege potiores essent fasces primi menses collegis concedere aut longe aetate prioribus aut nobilioribus multo aut secundum consulatum ineuntibus" ("I have heard, however, that those who by statute had priority used to yield the first month's fasces to colleagues who were many years older, or much more noble, or who were beginning a second consulate") - Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 2.15.8

[_note-4] This interpretation appears to be supported by Gellius, Noctes Atticae, 2.15.8, quoted in the note above.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{LanguageBar | Consul (Nova Roma) }}
-The Consulship is one of the [[magistracies (Nova Roma)|magistracies]] of Nova Roma. There are two ''Consules''.
+The consulship is one of the [[magistracies (Nova Roma)|magistracies]] of Nova Roma. There are two ''consules''.
-==Precedence==
+==Collegiality and precedence==
-Although the [[Consul (Nova Roma)|Consules]] are colleagues and are equal in rank, it is sometimes necessary, particularly on ceremonial occasions, for one to take precedence. In such cases precedence is given to the Consul who was elected by the larger majority in the [[Comitia centuriata (Nova Roma)|comitia centuriata]]. This Consul is called the ''Maior Consul'' ("Greater" Consul); the other is called the ''Minor Consul'' ("Lesser" Consul). It must be stressed that the distinction is of no legal significance and is purely ceremonial.
+The ''consules'' are [[Collegiality (Nova Roma)|colleagues]] and their legal powers are equal.
-Citizens of Nova Roma sometimes mistakenly use the terms ''Senior Consul'' ("Elder" Consul) and ''Iunior Consul'' ("Younger" Consul) for ''Maior Consul'' and ''Minor Consul'' respectively.
+In the ancient republic when both ''consules'' were at Rome they would hold the ''fasces'' (i.e. exercise power) in alternate months.  This practice is sometimes adopted in Nova Roma, for example {{2000}}.
+The ''consul'' who held the ''fasces'' first was referred to as ''consul maior'' or ''consul prior''.  When it was necessary for one ''consul'' to take precedence on ceremonial occasions, for instance in religious processions, the ''maior consul'' took precedence.
+It is not entirely clear how it was decided which ''consul'' was ''maior'', and there may even have been disagreement about this antiquity.<ref>Discussion summarized in Lintott, '''The Constitution Of The Roman Republic''' (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 100. The issue sometimes gets confused with the question of whether ''consules'' are ''maiores'' than ''praetores'', also discussed by ancient sources, on which see Stewart, '''Public Office In Early Rome: Ritual Procedure & Political Practice''' (University of Michigan Press, 1998), pp. 212-213.</ref>  Some sources seem to indicate that the ''maior consul'' was the elder one;<ref>"''postridieque [P. Valerius Publicola] sibi collegam Sp. Lucretium subrogavit, suosque ad eum quod erat maior natu lictores transire iussit, instituitque primus ut singulis consulibus alternis mensibus lictores praeirent''" ("and the next day he [P. Valerius Publicola] had Sp. Lucretius elected as his colleage, and ordered his [Publicola's] lictors to go over to him [Lucretius] because he [Lucretius] was the elder, and he [Publicola] was the first to lay it down that the lictors should accompany each ''consul'' in alternate months") - Cicero, '''''de re publica''''', 2.55 (the same story is told in Valerius Maximus, 4.1.1, and Plutarch, '''Publicola''', 12.5); "''Solitos tamen audio, qui lege potiores essent fasces primi menses collegis concedere aut longe aetate prioribus aut nobilioribus multo aut secundum consulatum ineuntibus''" ("I have heard, however, that those who by statute had priority used to yield the first month's ''fasces'' to colleagues who were many years older, or much more noble, or who were beginning a second consulate") - Gellius, '''''Noctes Atticae''''', 2.15.8.</ref> others that he was the one elected first;<ref>"''Maiorem consulem L. Caesar putat dici vel eum penes quem fasces sint vel eum qui prior factus sit''" ("L. Caesar thought the ''consul'' was called ''maior'' who held the ''fasces'' or who was elected first") - Festus, p. 154 Lindsay; a republican inscription also gives a special role to the ''consul'' first elected, but it is not certain that this is the same as the ''consul maior'' - see Lintott, '''The Constitution Of The Roman Republic''' (Oxford University Press, 1999), p. 100 n. 29.</ref> others that he was the one who ranked higher in prestige or status.<ref>"''Solitos tamen audio, qui lege potiores essent fasces primi menses collegis concedere aut longe aetate prioribus aut nobilioribus multo aut secundum consulatum ineuntibus''" ("I have heard, however, that those who by statute had priority used to yield the first month's ''fasces'' to colleagues who were many years older, or much more noble, or who were beginning a second consulate") - Gellius, '''''Noctes Atticae''''', 2.15.8</ref>  The solution is perhaps that in strict point of law the ''maior consul'' was the first elected, but that he customarily yielded precedence to his colleague if that colleague was significantly older or higher-ranking.<ref>This interpretation appears to be supported by Gellius, '''''Noctes Atticae''''', 2.15.8, quoted in the note above.</ref>  The most common view in Nova Roma is that the ''maior consul'' is the one elected first.
+Citizens of Nova Roma sometimes mistakenly use the terms ''senior consul'' ("elder" ''consul'') and ''iunior consul'' ("younger" ''consul'') for ''maior consul'' and ''minor consul'' respectively.
 ==Offices and Edicta==
@@ Line 73: / Line 79: @@
 *[[Lucius Arminius Faustus (Nova Roma)|Lucius Arminius Faustus]] '''PR.'''
 *[[Tiberius Galerius Paulinus (Nova Roma)|Tiberius Galerius Paulinus]] '''PR.'''
+==References==
+<references/>
 [[Category: Nova Roma]]
 [[Category: Nova Roma History]]
 [[Category:Magistracies (Nova Roma)]]

Consul (Nova Roma)

Revision as of 13:59, 28 July 2007

Contents

Collegiality and precedence

Offices and Edicta

List of Consuls of Nova Roma

Fl. Vedio M. Cassio cos. ‡ MMDCCLI a.u.c.

L. Equitio Dec. Iunio cos. ‡ MMDCCLII a.u.c.

Q. Maximo M. Minucio cos. ‡ MMDCCLIII a.u.c.

Fl. Vedio (II) M. Cassio (II) cos. ‡ MMDCCLIV a.u.c.

M. Octavio L. Sulla (II) cos. ‡ MMDCCLV a.u.c.

K. Buteone T. Labieno cos. ‡ MMDCCLVI a.u.c.

Cn. Salvio Cn. Equitio cos. ‡ MMDCCLVII a.u.c.

Fr. Apulo C. Laenate cos. ‡ MMDCCLVIII a.u.c.

K. Buteone Po. Minucia cos. ‡ MMDCCLIX a.u.c.

L. Arminio Ti. Galerio cos. ‡ MMDCCLX a.u.c.

References

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