Third declension
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(New page: In the third declension, there are two subcategories: "consonant stem" and "i-stem". They are almost identical, but when it comes to the plural genitive form, nouns of the "consonant s...) |
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| − | In the [[third declension]], there are two subcategories: "consonant stem" and "i-stem". They are almost identical, | + | [[Category:Latin grammar]]{{LanguageBar|Ablative}}{{Latin grammar articles}} |
| + | In the [[third declension]], there are two subcategories: "consonant stem" and "i-stem". They are almost always identical, except in these cases: | ||
| + | * plural [[genitive]]: nouns of the "consonant stem" get an ending "'''-um'''", while "i-stem" nouns get an "'''-ium'''" ending. | ||
| + | * plural [[accusative]] in neuter: nouns of the "consonant stem" get an ending "'''-a'''", while "i-stem" nouns get an "'''-ia'''" ending. | ||
| + | * singular [[ablative]]: all words of the "consonant stem" together with the masculine and feminine nouns of the "i-stem" get an ending "'''-e'''", while adjectives and neuter nouns of the "i-stem" get an "'''-i'''" ending. | ||
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| + | == How to differentiate between "consonant stem" and "i-stem"? == | ||
Nouns of "i-stem" are the following: | Nouns of "i-stem" are the following: | ||
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Nouns of "consonant stem" are all nouns of the third declension not matching the requirements listed above. | Nouns of "consonant stem" are all nouns of the third declension not matching the requirements listed above. | ||
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Latest revision as of 10:23, 9 March 2012
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In the third declension, there are two subcategories: "consonant stem" and "i-stem". They are almost always identical, except in these cases:
- plural genitive: nouns of the "consonant stem" get an ending "-um", while "i-stem" nouns get an "-ium" ending.
- plural accusative in neuter: nouns of the "consonant stem" get an ending "-a", while "i-stem" nouns get an "-ia" ending.
- singular ablative: all words of the "consonant stem" together with the masculine and feminine nouns of the "i-stem" get an ending "-e", while adjectives and neuter nouns of the "i-stem" get an "-i" ending.
How to differentiate between "consonant stem" and "i-stem"?
Nouns of "i-stem" are the following:
- nouns ending in -is, -es, and having a genitive form with a number of syllables equal to their nominative form. E. g.: civis, civis mf, or collis, collis m;
- nouns ending in consonant + s (-rs, -ns, -ps, -bs, -x), but only, and exclusively only, if before their genitive ending -is there are at least two consonants. E. g.: gens, gentis, f ("-nt-" is two consonants before the "-is"), or nox, noctis f ("-ct-" is two consonants before the "-is").
- neuter nouns ending in -e, -al, -ar. E. g.: mare, maris; n, animal, -alis, n; nectar, nectaris, n.
- almost all adjectives of the third declension
Nouns of "consonant stem" are all nouns of the third declension not matching the requirements listed above.
