Nominative

From NovaRoma
(Difference between revisions)
Jump to: navigation, search
(→Nominative in plural)
(linkify)
 
(12 intermediate revisions by one user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
The '''nominative case''' is a grammatical case for a noun, which generally marks the subject of a verb, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments.  
+
{{LanguageBar|Nominative}}{{Latin grammar articles}}The '''nominative case''' is a grammatical case for a noun, which generally marks the subject of a verb, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments.  
  
−
In Latin this is the noun itself without inflexion, in that form as you know it: ''Tullius'', ''Livia'', ''Cicero'', ''forum'', ''rex'', ''consul'' are in singular nominatve.
+
In Latin this is the noun itself without inflexion, in that form as you know it: ''Tullius'', ''Livia'', ''Cicero'', ''forum'', ''lex'', ''consul'' are in singular nominatve.
  
 
==Nominative in plural==
 
==Nominative in plural==
Line 7: Line 7:
 
The plural of Latin nouns is, however, more difficult. Here are the basic and '''very''' general rules for making a plural nominative:  
 
The plural of Latin nouns is, however, more difficult. Here are the basic and '''very''' general rules for making a plural nominative:  
  
−
*If a word ends in "'''-us'''", then the plural nominative ends in "'''-i'''". "'''''Tribunus'''''" becomes "'''''tribuni'''''".
+
*If a word ends in "'''-us'''", then the plural nominative ends in "'''-i'''". '''''Tribunus''''' becomes '''''tribuni'''''.
−
*If a word ends in "'''-um'''", then the plural nominative ends in "'''-a'''". "'''''Forum'''''" becomes "'''''fora'''''".
+
*If a word ends in "'''-a'''", then the plural nominative ends in "'''-ae'''". '''''Provincia''''' becomes '''''provinciae'''''.
−
*If a word ends in "'''-a'''", then the plural nominative ends in "'''-ae'''". "'''''Provincia''''' " becomes "'''''provinciae'''''".
+
*If a word ends in "'''-o'''", then the plural nominative  ends in "'''-ones'''". '''''Legio''''' becomes '''''legiones'''''.
−
*If a word ends in "'''-o'''", then the plural nominative  ends in "'''-ones'''". "'''''Legio'''''" becomes "'''''legiones'''''".
+
*Many other words change their ending to "'''-es'''", whose rules are more difficult and are not detailed here. Here are some just for example:  
−
*Many other words change their ending to "'''-es'''", "'''-a'''" and some into long "'''''-ús'''''", but their rules are more difficult and are not detailed here. Here are some just for example:  
+
:'''''consul''''' in plural nominative becomes '''''consules''''',  
−
:"'''''consul'''''" in plural nominative becomes "'''''consules'''''",  
+
:'''''praetor''''' in plural nominative is '''''praetores''''',
−
:"'''''lex'''''" in plural nominative is  "'''''leges'''''",  
+
:'''''lex'''''  is  '''''leges''''',  
−
:"'''''mos'''''" is "'''''mores'''''",  
+
:'''''mos''''' is '''''mores''''',  
−
:"'''''virtus'''''" is "'''''virtutes'''''",   
+
:'''''virtus''''' is '''''virtutes''''',   
−
:"'''''homo'''''" is "'''''homines'''''",  
+
:'''''homo''''' is '''''homines'''''.  
−
:"'''''ius'''''" is "'''''iura'''''",
+
*Some common nouns ending in "'''-us'''" change to long "'''-ús'''" in plural nominative , for example:
−
:"'''''caput'''''" is "'''''capita'''''",   
+
:'''''magistratus''''' in plural nominative is '''''magistratús''''',
−
:"'''''exercitus'''''" is "'''''exercitús'''''" and so on.
+
:'''''exercitus''''' in plural nominative is '''''exercitús''''' and so on.
 +
*Nouns of the neutral gender which often end in "'''-um'''" have a plural nominative ending in "'''-a'''". So '''''forum''''' becomes '''''fora'''''. Examples with other endings:
 +
:'''''ius''''' in plural nominative becomes '''''iura''''',   
 +
:'''''caput''''' becomes '''''capita'''''.
  
 
===Usage in practice===
 
===Usage in practice===
  
 
Not only Nova Roman citizens but every educated people use sometimes Latin plurals in the English language, so it is very important to learn some plural forms. You can start it by studying the article about [[addressing magistrates]].
 
Not only Nova Roman citizens but every educated people use sometimes Latin plurals in the English language, so it is very important to learn some plural forms. You can start it by studying the article about [[addressing magistrates]].
 +
 +
 +
==Nominative singular and plural in all declensions==
 +
 +
Attention: all neuter nouns have a common plural [[nominative]]-[[accusative]] form that ends in '''-a''', regardless to their [[declension|declension group]].
 +
 +
 +
{|border="1" cellpadding="2" style="background:#ffffff"
 +
! rowspan="4" |
 +
! colspan="2" |[[First declension]]
 +
! colspan="4" |[[Second declension]]
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="2" |A-Stem
 +
! colspan="4" |O-Stem
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''terra, -ae, f''<br>land
 +
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''tribúnus, -í, m''<br>tribune
 +
! colspan="2" | n<br>''auspicium, -í, n''<br>auspice
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
 +
|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
 +
! [[Nominative]]
 +
| terra|| —— || tribúnus|| —— ||auspicium|| ——
 +
|-
 +
! [[Accusative]]
 +
| terr'''am'''|| '''–am''' || tribún'''um''' || '''–um''' || auspicium|| ——
 +
|-
 +
! [[Genitive]]
 +
| terr'''ae'''|| '''–ae''' || tribún'''í'''|| '''–í''' || auspici'''í'''|| '''–í'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Dative]]
 +
| terr'''ae'''|| '''–ae''' || tribún'''ó'''|| '''–ó''' ||auspici'''ó'''|| '''–ó'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Ablative]]
 +
| terr'''á'''|| '''–á''' || tribún'''ó'''|| '''–ó''' || auspici'''ó'''|| '''–ó'''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="1" |
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
 +
|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
 +
! [[Nominative]]
 +
| terr'''ae'''||'''–ae'''|| tribún'''í'''|| '''–í''' || auspici'''a'''||'''–a'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Accusative]]
 +
| terr'''ás'''|| '''–ás''' || tribún'''ós''' || '''–ós'''||auspici'''a'''||'''–a'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Genitive]]
 +
| terr'''árum'''|| '''–árum''' || tribún'''órum'''|| '''–órum'''||auspici'''órum'''||'''–órum'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Dative]]- <br>[[Ablative]]
 +
| terr'''ís'''|| '''–ís''' || tribún'''ís'''|| '''–ís'''||auspici'''ís'''||'''–ís'''
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
{|border="1" cellpadding="2" style="background:#ffffff"
 +
! rowspan="4" |
 +
! colspan="8" |[[Third declension]]
 +
! colspan="4" |[[Fourth declension]]
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="4" |Consonant Stem
 +
! colspan="4" |I-Stem
 +
! colspan="4" |U-Stem
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''léx, légis, f''<br>law
 +
! colspan="2" | n<br>''iús, iúris, n''<br>right
 +
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''cívis, -is, mf''<br>citizen
 +
! colspan="2" | n<br>''mare, -is, n''<br>sea
 +
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''senátus, -ús, m''<br>senate
 +
! colspan="2" | n<br>''cornú, -ús, n''<br>horn
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
 +
|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
 +
! [[Nominative]]
 +
| léx|| —— || iús|| —— ||cívis|| —— ||mare ||—— ||senátus ||—— ||cornú ||——
 +
|-
 +
! [[Accusative]]
 +
| lég'''em'''|| '''–em''' || iús|| —— ||cív'''em'''|| '''–em'''||mare ||—— ||senát'''um''' ||'''–um''' ||cornú ||——
 +
|-
 +
! [[Genitive]]
 +
| lég'''is'''|| '''–is'''|| iúr'''is'''|| '''–is'''||cív'''is'''|| '''–is'''||mar'''is''' ||'''–is'''||senát'''ús''' ||'''–ús''' ||corn'''ús''' ||'''–ús'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Dative]]
 +
| lég'''í'''|| '''–í'''|| iúr'''í'''|| '''–í'''||cív'''í'''|| '''–í'''||mar'''í''' ||'''–í'''||senát'''uí''' ||'''–uí''' ||corn'''ú''' ||'''–ú'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Ablative]]
 +
| lég'''e'''|| '''–e'''|| iúr'''e'''|| '''–e'''||cív'''e'''|| '''–e'''||mar'''í''' ||'''–í'''||senát'''ú''' ||'''–ú''' ||corn'''ú''' ||'''–ú'''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="1" |
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
 +
|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
 +
! [[Nominative]]- <br>[[Accusative]]
 +
| lég'''és'''|| '''–és'''|| iúr'''a'''||'''–a'''||cív'''és'''|| '''–és'''||mar'''ia''' ||'''–ia'''||senát'''ús''' ||'''–ús''' ||corn'''ua''' ||'''–ua'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Genitive]]
 +
| lég'''um'''|| '''–um'''|| iúr'''um'''||'''–um'''||cív'''ium'''|| '''–ium'''||mar'''ium''' ||'''–ium'''||senát'''uum''' ||'''–uum''' ||corn'''uum''' ||'''–uum'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Dative]]- <br>[[Ablative]]
 +
| lég'''ibus'''|| '''–ibus'''|| iúr'''ibus'''||'''–ibus'''||cív'''ibus'''|| '''–ibus'''||mar'''ibus''' ||'''–ibus'''||senát'''ibus''' ||'''–ibus''' ||corn'''ibus''' ||'''–ibus'''
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 +
 +
{|border="1" cellpadding="2" style="background:#ffffff"
 +
! rowspan="4" |
 +
! colspan="8" |[[Fifth declension]]
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="4" |E-Stem
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="2" | mf<br>''diés, éí, m''<br>day
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
 +
 +
|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
 +
! [[Nominative]]
 +
| diés|| ——
 +
|-
 +
! [[Accusative]]
 +
| di'''em'''|| '''–em'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Genitive]]- <br>[[Dative]]
 +
| di'''éí'''|| '''–éí'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Ablative]]
 +
| di'''é'''|| '''–é'''
 +
|-
 +
! colspan="1" |
 +
! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
 +
 +
|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
 +
! [[Nominative]]- <br>[[Accusative]]
 +
| di'''és'''|| '''–és'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Genitive]]
 +
| di'''érum'''|| '''–érum'''
 +
|-
 +
! [[Dative]]- <br>[[Ablative]]
 +
| di'''ébus'''|| '''–ébus'''
 +
|-
 +
|}
  
  
 
[[Category:Latin grammar]]
 
[[Category:Latin grammar]]

Latest revision as of 23:49, 5 March 2011

SPQR-BLACK.JPG
IN·MEMORIAM·A·TVLLIAE·SCHOLASTICAE·AVGVSTAE·PRINCIPIS·SENATVS·CENSORIS·IIII·CONSVLIS·II·PRAETRICIS


 Home| Latíné | Deutsch | Español | Français | Italiano | Magyar | Português | Română | Русский | English

Latin grammar

Introduction
The Latin language
The Latin sentence
The four conjugations
The five declensions

Nominative - Accusative - Genitive - Dative - Ablative

Vocative - Locative

Latin phrasebook
Latin for e-mail
Latin jokes
Reading list
Online resources

All articles about Latin


The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun, which generally marks the subject of a verb, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments.

In Latin this is the noun itself without inflexion, in that form as you know it: Tullius, Livia, Cicero, forum, lex, consul are in singular nominatve.

Nominative in plural

The plural of Latin nouns is, however, more difficult. Here are the basic and very general rules for making a plural nominative:

  • If a word ends in "-us", then the plural nominative ends in "-i". Tribunus becomes tribuni.
  • If a word ends in "-a", then the plural nominative ends in "-ae". Provincia becomes provinciae.
  • If a word ends in "-o", then the plural nominative ends in "-ones". Legio becomes legiones.
  • Many other words change their ending to "-es", whose rules are more difficult and are not detailed here. Here are some just for example:
consul in plural nominative becomes consules,
praetor in plural nominative is praetores,
lex is leges,
mos is mores,
virtus is virtutes,
homo is homines.
  • Some common nouns ending in "-us" change to long "-ús" in plural nominative , for example:
magistratus in plural nominative is magistratús,
exercitus in plural nominative is exercitús and so on.
  • Nouns of the neutral gender which often end in "-um" have a plural nominative ending in "-a". So forum becomes fora. Examples with other endings:
ius in plural nominative becomes iura,
caput becomes capita.

Usage in practice

Not only Nova Roman citizens but every educated people use sometimes Latin plurals in the English language, so it is very important to learn some plural forms. You can start it by studying the article about addressing magistrates.


Nominative singular and plural in all declensions

Attention: all neuter nouns have a common plural nominative-accusative form that ends in -a, regardless to their declension group.


First declension Second declension
A-Stem O-Stem
mf
terra, -ae, f
land 		mf
tribúnus, -í, m
tribune 		n
auspicium, -í, n
auspice
Singular Singular Singular
Nominative terra —— tribúnus —— auspicium ——
Accusative terram –am tribúnum –um auspicium ——
Genitive terrae –ae tribúní –í auspicií –í
Dative terrae –ae tribúnó –ó auspició –ó
Ablative terrá –á tribúnó –ó auspició –ó
Plural Plural Plural
Nominative terrae –ae tribúní –í auspicia –a
Accusative terrás –ás tribúnós –ós auspicia –a
Genitive terrárum –árum tribúnórum –órum auspiciórum –órum
Dative-
Ablative 		terrís –ís tribúnís –ís auspiciís –ís


Third declension Fourth declension
Consonant Stem I-Stem U-Stem
mf
léx, légis, f
law 		n
iús, iúris, n
right 		mf
cívis, -is, mf
citizen 		n
mare, -is, n
sea 		mf
senátus, -ús, m
senate 		n
cornú, -ús, n
horn
Singular Singular Singular Singular Singular Singular
Nominative léx —— iús —— cívis —— mare —— senátus —— cornú ——
Accusative légem –em iús —— cívem –em mare —— senátum –um cornú ——
Genitive légis –is iúris –is cívis –is maris –is senátús –ús cornús –ús
Dative légí –í iúrí –í cíví –í marí –í senátuí –uí cornú –ú
Ablative lége –e iúre –e cíve –e marí –í senátú –ú cornú –ú
Plural Plural Plural Plural Plural Plural
Nominative-
Accusative 		légés –és iúra –a cívés –és maria –ia senátús –ús cornua –ua
Genitive légum –um iúrum –um cívium –ium marium –ium senátuum –uum cornuum –uum
Dative-
Ablative 		légibus –ibus iúribus –ibus cívibus –ibus maribus –ibus senátibus –ibus cornibus –ibus


Fifth declension
E-Stem
mf
diés, éí, m
day
Singular
Nominative diés ——
Accusative diem –em
Genitive-
Dative 		diéí –éí
Ablative dié –é
Plural
Nominative-
Accusative 		diés –és
Genitive diérum –érum
Dative-
Ablative 		diébus –ébus
Retrieved from "http://novaroma.org/nr/Nominative"
Personal tools