Genitive

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Avarage Nova Roman citizen has to use genitive in some expressions like "''pater patriae''", "''scriba censoris''" but it is also useful when one connects people to offices, or wants to entitle a message in Latin, or especially when [[addressing magistrates]]' assistants.
 
Avarage Nova Roman citizen has to use genitive in some expressions like "''pater patriae''", "''scriba censoris''" but it is also useful when one connects people to offices, or wants to entitle a message in Latin, or especially when [[addressing magistrates]]' assistants.
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==Forming the genitive in all declensions==
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{|border="1" cellpadding="2" style="background:#ffffff"
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! rowspan="4" |
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! colspan="2" |[[First declension]]
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! colspan="4" |[[Second declension]]
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|-
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! colspan="2" |A-Stem
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! colspan="4" |O-Stem
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|-
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! colspan="2" | mf<br>''terra, -ae, f''<br>land
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! colspan="2" | mf<br>''tribúnus, -í, m''<br>tribune
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! colspan="2" | n<br>''auspicium, -í, n''<br>auspice
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|-
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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|-
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! [[Nominative]]
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| terra|| —— || tribúnus|| —— ||auspicium|| ——
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|-
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! [[Accusative]]
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| terr'''am'''|| '''–am''' || tribún'''um''' || '''–um''' || auspicium|| ——
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|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
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! [[Genitive]]
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| terr'''ae'''|| '''–ae''' || tribún'''í'''|| '''–í''' || auspici'''í'''|| '''–í'''
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|-
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! [[Dative]]
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| terr'''ae'''|| '''–ae''' || tribún'''ó'''|| '''–ó''' ||auspici'''ó'''|| '''–ó'''
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|-
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! [[Ablative]]
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| terr'''á'''|| '''–á''' || tribún'''ó'''|| '''–ó''' || auspici'''ó'''|| '''–ó'''
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|-
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! colspan="1" |
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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|-
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! [[Nominative]]
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| terr'''ae'''||'''–ae'''|| tribún'''í'''|| '''–í''' || auspici'''a'''||'''–a'''
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|-
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! [[Accusative]]
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| terr'''ás'''|| '''–ás''' || tribún'''ós''' || '''–ós'''||auspici'''a'''||'''–a'''
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|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
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! [[Genitive]]
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| terr'''árum'''|| '''–árum''' || tribún'''órum'''|| '''–órum'''||auspici'''órum'''||'''–órum'''
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|-
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! [[Dative]]- <br>[[Ablative]]
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| terr'''ís'''|| '''–ís''' || tribún'''ís'''|| '''–ís'''||auspici'''ís'''||'''–ís'''
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|-
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|}
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{|border="1" cellpadding="2" style="background:#ffffff"
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! rowspan="4" |
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! colspan="8" |[[Third declension]]
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! colspan="4" |[[Fourth declension]]
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|-
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! colspan="4" |Consonant Stem
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! colspan="4" |I-Stem
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! colspan="4" |U-Stem
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|-
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! colspan="2" | mf<br>''léx, légis, f''<br>law
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! colspan="2" | n<br>''iús, iúris, n''<br>right
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! colspan="2" | mf<br>''cívis, -is, mf''<br>citizen
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! colspan="2" | n<br>''mare, -is, n''<br>sea
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! colspan="2" | mf<br>''senátus, -ús, m''<br>senate
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! colspan="2" | n<br>''cornú, -ús, n''<br>horn
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|-
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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|-
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! [[Nominative]]
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| léx|| —— || iús|| —— ||cívis|| —— ||mare ||—— ||senátus ||—— ||cornú ||——
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|-
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! [[Accusative]]
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| lég'''em'''|| '''–em''' || iús|| —— ||cív'''em'''|| '''–em'''||mare ||—— ||senát'''um''' ||'''–um''' ||cornú ||——
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|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
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! [[Genitive]]
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| lég'''is'''|| '''–is'''|| iúr'''is'''|| '''–is'''||cív'''is'''|| '''–is'''||mar'''is''' ||'''–is'''||senát'''ús''' ||'''–ús''' ||corn'''ús''' ||'''–ús'''
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|-
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! [[Dative]]
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| lég'''í'''|| '''–í'''|| iúr'''í'''|| '''–í'''||cív'''í'''|| '''–í'''||mar'''í''' ||'''–í'''||senát'''uí''' ||'''–uí''' ||corn'''ú''' ||'''–ú'''
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|-
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! [[Ablative]]
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| lég'''e'''|| '''–e'''|| iúr'''e'''|| '''–e'''||cív'''e'''|| '''–e'''||mar'''í''' ||'''–í'''||senát'''ú''' ||'''–ú''' ||corn'''ú''' ||'''–ú'''
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|-
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! colspan="1" |
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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|-
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! [[Nominative]]- <br>[[Accusative]]
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| lég'''és'''|| '''–és'''|| iúr'''a'''||'''–a'''||cív'''és'''|| '''–és'''||mar'''ia''' ||'''–ia'''||senát'''ús''' ||'''–ús''' ||corn'''ua''' ||'''–ua'''
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|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
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! [[Genitive]]
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| lég'''um'''|| '''–um'''|| iúr'''um'''||'''–um'''||cív'''ium'''|| '''–ium'''||mar'''ium''' ||'''–ium'''||senát'''uum''' ||'''–uum''' ||corn'''uum''' ||'''–uum'''
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|-
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! [[Dative]]- <br>[[Ablative]]
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| lég'''ibus'''|| '''–ibus'''|| iúr'''ibus'''||'''–ibus'''||cív'''ibus'''|| '''–ibus'''||mar'''ibus''' ||'''–ibus'''||senát'''ibus''' ||'''–ibus''' ||corn'''ibus''' ||'''–ibus'''
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|-
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|}
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{|border="1" cellpadding="2" style="background:#ffffff"
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! rowspan="4" |
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! colspan="8" |[[Fifth declension]]
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|-
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! colspan="4" |E-Stem
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|-
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! colspan="2" | mf<br>''diés, éí, m''
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|-
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! colspan="2" | '''Singular'''
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|-
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! [[Nominative]]
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| diés|| ——
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|-
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! [[Accusative]]
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| di'''em'''|| '''–em'''
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|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
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! [[Genitive]]- <br>[[Dative]]
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| di'''éí'''|| '''–éí'''
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|-
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! [[Ablative]]
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| di'''é'''|| '''–é'''
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|-
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! colspan="1" |
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! colspan="2" | '''Plural'''
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|-
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! [[Nominative]]- <br>[[Accusative]]
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! colspan="2" | mf<br>''diés, éí, m''<br>day
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|- style="background-color:#ffffaa"
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! [[Genitive]]
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| di'''érum'''|| '''–érum'''
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|-
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! [[Dative]]- <br>[[Ablative]]
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| di'''ébus'''|| '''–ébus'''
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|-
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|}
  
  
 
[[Category:Latin grammar]]
 
[[Category:Latin grammar]]

Revision as of 21:33, 2 March 2011

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The genitive case is the Latin grammatical case of possession that marks a noun as being the possessor of another noun, for example in English "Popillia's book" or in "board of directors", but it can also indicate various relationships other than possessions.

The genitive is the only grammatical case in Latin which is different in each of the five declensions, so the genitive case serves to distinguish the single declensions from each other.

Here are the basic and very general rules for making a genitive in singular:

  • If a word ends in "-us" or "-um", then the genitive ends in "-i". Tullius becomes Tullii; forum will be fori.
  • If a word ends in "-a", then the genitive ends in "-ae". Livia becomes Liviae.
  • If a word ends in "-o", then the genitive ends in "-onis". Cicero becomes Ciceronis.
  • Many other words change their ending to "-is" whose rules are more difficult and are not detailed here. Here are some just for example:
Audens in genitive becomes Audentis,
Venus in genitive is Veneris,
homo in genitive is hominis,
consul in genitive is consulis
praetor in genitive is praetoris and so on.
  • Some common nouns ending in "-us" change their ending to long "-ús" in genitive, for example:
Senatus in genitive is Senatús,
exercitus in genitive is exercitús and so on.


Usage in practice

Avarage Nova Roman citizen has to use genitive in some expressions like "pater patriae", "scriba censoris" but it is also useful when one connects people to offices, or wants to entitle a message in Latin, or especially when addressing magistrates' assistants.


Forming the genitive in all declensions

First declension Second declension
A-Stem O-Stem
mf
terra, -ae, f
land 		mf
tribúnus, -í, m
tribune 		n
auspicium, -í, n
auspice
Singular Singular Singular
Nominative terra —— tribúnus —— auspicium ——
Accusative terram –am tribúnum –um auspicium ——
Genitive terrae –ae tribúní –í auspicií –í
Dative terrae –ae tribúnó –ó auspició –ó
Ablative terrá –á tribúnó –ó auspició –ó
Plural Plural Plural
Nominative terrae –ae tribúní –í auspicia –a
Accusative terrás –ás tribúnós –ós auspicia –a
Genitive terrárum –árum tribúnórum –órum auspiciórum –órum
Dative-
Ablative 		terrís –ís tribúnís –ís auspiciís –ís


Third declension Fourth declension
Consonant Stem I-Stem U-Stem
mf
léx, légis, f
law 		n
iús, iúris, n
right 		mf
cívis, -is, mf
citizen 		n
mare, -is, n
sea 		mf
senátus, -ús, m
senate 		n
cornú, -ús, n
horn
Singular Singular Singular Singular Singular Singular
Nominative léx —— iús —— cívis —— mare —— senátus —— cornú ——
Accusative légem –em iús —— cívem –em mare —— senátum –um cornú ——
Genitive légis –is iúris –is cívis –is maris –is senátús –ús cornús –ús
Dative légí –í iúrí –í cíví –í marí –í senátuí –uí cornú –ú
Ablative lége –e iúre –e cíve –e marí –í senátú –ú cornú –ú
Plural Plural Plural Plural Plural Plural
Nominative-
Accusative 		légés –és iúra –a cívés –és maria –ia senátús –ús cornua –ua
Genitive légum –um iúrum –um cívium –ium marium –ium senátuum –uum cornuum –uum
Dative-
Ablative 		légibus –ibus iúribus –ibus cívibus –ibus maribus –ibus senátibus –ibus cornibus –ibus


Fifth declension
E-Stem
mf
diés, éí, m
Singular
Nominative diés ——
Accusative diem –em
Genitive-
Dative 		diéí –éí
Ablative dié –é
Plural
Nominative-
Accusative 		mf
diés, éí, m
day
Genitive diérum –érum
Dative-
Ablative 		diébus –ébus
Retrieved from "http://novaroma.org/nr/Genitive"
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