Conjugation
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Latin is an inflected language, and as such its verbs must be conjugated in order to express person, number, time, tense, mood or voice. A set of conjugated forms of the same verb pattern is called a conjugation. There are four conjugations, which are numbered and grouped by ending.
This is a summary of the conjugation of Latin verbs.
Contents |
Present tense
| First conjugation | Second conjugation | Third conjugation | Fourth conjugation | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-Stem | E-Stem | Consonant Stem | Short I-Stem | Long í-Stem | |||||||||||
| amó, -áre, -áví, -átum love |
habeó, -ére, -buí, -bitum have |
dícó, -ere, díxí, dictum say |
capió, -ere, cépí, captum catch |
audió, -íre, -íví, -ítum hear | |||||||||||
| S/1 | amó | -ó | I love | habeó | -eó | I have | dícó | -ó | I say | capió | -ió | I catch | audió | -ió | I hear |
| S/2 | amás | -ás | you love | habés | -és | you have | dícis | -is | you say | capis | -is | you catch | audís | -ís | you hear |
| S/3 | amat | -at | he loves | habet | -et | he has | dícit | -it | he says | capit | -it | he catches | audit | -it | he hears |
| P/1 | amámus | -ámus | we love | habémus | -émus | we have | dícimus | -imus | we say | capimus | -imus | we catch | audímus | -ímus | we hear |
| P/2 | amátis | -átis | you love | habétis | -étis | you have | dícitis | -itis | you say | capitis | -itis | you catch | audítis | -ítis | you hear |
| P/3 | amant | -ant | they love | habent | -ent | they have | dícunt | -unt | they say | capiunt | -iunt | they catch | audiunt | -iunt | they hear |
Perfect tense
| First conjugation | Second conjugation | Third conjugation | Fourth conjugation | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A-Stem | E-Stem | Consonant Stem | Short I-Stem | Long í-Stem | |||||||||||
| amó, -áre, -áví, -átum love |
habeó, -ére, -buí, -bitum have |
dícó, -ere, díxí, dictum say |
capió, -ere, cépí, captum catch |
audió, -íre, -íví, -ítum hear | |||||||||||
| S/1 | amáví | -í | I have loved | habuí | -í | I have had | díxí | -í | I have said | cépí | -í | I have caught | audíví | -í | I have heard |
| S/2 | amávistí | -istí | you have loved | habuistí | -istí | you have had | díxistí | -istí | you have said | cépistí | -istí | you have caught | audívistí | -istí | you have heard |
| S/3 | amávit | -it | he has loved | habuit | -it | he has had | díxit | -it | he has said | cépit | -it | he has caught | audívit | -it | he has heard |
| P/1 | amávimus | -imus | we have loved | habuimus | -imus | we have had | díximus | -imus | we have said | cépimus | -imus | we have caught | audívimus | -imus | we have heard |
| P/2 | amávistis | -istis | you have loved | habuistis | -istis | you have had | díxistis | -istis | you have said | cépistis | -istis | you have caught | audívistis | -istis | you have heard |
| P/3 | amávérunt | -érunt | they have loved | habuérunt | -érunt | they have had | díxérunt | -érunt | they have said | cépérunt | -érunt | they have caught | audívérunt | -érunt | they have heard |
