Provincia (Nova Roma)

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Revision as of 17:37, 15 June 2010

IN·MEMORIAM·A·TVLLIAE·SCHOLASTICAE·AVGVSTAE·PRINCIPIS·SENATVS·CENSORIS·IIII·CONSVLIS·II·PRAETRICIS

Nova Roma Republic has at the same time a central administration and a territorial organization.

The main level of this territorial organization is the province (Latin : provincia, -ae, fem.).

Size and national correspondence

The province cannot be, in the current state of Novaroman Law, smaller than one of the national countries currently existing all around the world. On the contrary, a province may contain several national countries or, besides one or several countries, parts of them, at the local or regional level, specially to respect linguistic or cultural considerations.

Role of the provinces

As every level of Nova Roma territorial organization, the provinces relay the action of the roman republic of Nova Roma.

It is the main level of this organization. This importance is materialized by the presence, at the head of the province, of a governor, whose exact title may differ (see below).

This governor has, at this provincial level and by delegation, most of the powers owned at the central level by Nova Roma main magistrates.

Creation of a province

According Nova Roma's constitution, a province may be created or deleted by the Senate of Nova Roma, through its ordinary decision form, a senatus consultum.

The senate is thus free to create and to delete every province in order to stick to what it considers as the interest of Nova Roma.

Currently, the creation of a province and its existence is still linked to the existence, in a concerned territory (national country, etc.) of at least one citizen of Nova Roma. But the Senate might adopt, with a full legitimacy, another principle.

Applicable law

The legal base concerning Nova Roma provinces is currently Nova Roma's constitution and lex Vedia provincialis.

A lex Fabia de oppidis et municipiis deals with the creation and existence of two lower levels, contained in the provincial ones, of Nova Roma's territorial organization.

Internal provincial governance

There is currently no law defining the internal organization of the provinces.

It thus depends on the frame set by its governor, which is free organizing as (s)he wants "her/his province as long as (s)he respects the provisions of Novaroman law, specially of lex Fabia de oppidis et municipiis. For example, a province may be divided, for an appropriate administrative management, in main divisions which are named regiones.

The structure of the provincial government varies greatly depending upon the existing conditions of the provincia. This creates a flexible framework for the varying realities of the provinciae.

Both the administrative office of the governor and the headquarter of the provincial administration are called the praetorium. The governor's staff personnel, the cohors praetoria, consist of various officials executing the orders of the governor and may include legates, prefects and scribes, more rarely a provincial quaestor or proquaestor, a procurator, sometimes a curator aranearius and a provincial sacerdos.

In some provinces, the governor shares his power with a provincial council, the consilium provinciae, sometimes mistakenly called curia, but in most of the provinces it is just an advisory body to assist the governor, and there are also provinces where there is no consilium provinciae at all.

Official vocabulary

Every citizen appointed by the Senate to the head of a province is legally a "governor".

Then, Nova Roma State makes, in its internal working, additional protocole differences, which have no legal consequences:

the governor in charge of Italian territory, such as defined by the senatus consultum, is called, for the Senate considered that Italia may not be considered as a "province" like the others, praefectus, so praefectus Italiae.
the other governors are called legatus pro praetore (plural legati)
crossing both above sub-categories, every governor may be called, by respect, by her/his current or previous highest title. For example, the governor of fictive provincia Utopia might be called, if he had served previously as consul, "Proconsul Utopiae". But the most neutral title is, in our example, "X, leg. p.p. Utopiae, proconsul".

Legal precedence

The governors may be replaced at any time, and specially every year when the Senate examines their annual action, by the Patres conscripti. A governor has thus no interest to challenge the legal and moral authority of the Senate.

This consideration let aside, the governors have a wide competency in their province, owning inside the imperium and the judicial competency for trials which involve two citizens of the province.

Though they depend directly of the Senate, governors are submitted to the rule of the higher imperium: their local imperium applies as long as it does not enter in conflict with the higher imperium of the praetors or of the consuls of Nova Roma. When the application of a duly legal, in the large meaning of the word, rule issued by the central government is at stake, a governor cannot avoid relaying and applying it. In case of doubt or hesitation, (s)he must obey any consular official request. A governor will be similarly obliged to obey a praetorian request when the praetors act in the place of the consuls or in the frame of their own special administrative or judicial competencies whose execution is necessary in the concerned province.

Similarly, the governor must apply every measure issued by a central magistrate, even if this magistrate has no imperium, but works in a field which results of the application of Nova Roma Law. For example, a governor will not be allowed to oppose to the possible consequences that the official Ludi (Public games) may have in her/his province or on the provincial official action or calendar.

Provinces of Nova Roma

The list of current Nova Roma provinces have been reviewed by the Senate in its session of January and March 2763 auc. Nova Roma provinciae are the following ones.

America Austroccidentalis: (American Southwest) http://amaust.romanrepublic.org/
America Austrorientalis: (American Southeast) http://groups.yahoo.com/group/austrorientalis
America Boreoccidentalis: (American Northwest)
America Medioccidentalis Superior: (America North/Central)
Argentina: (Argentina) http://argentina.novaroma.org
Asia Citerior: (Western Asia, formerly Asia Occidentalis)
Asia Ulterior: (Further Asia, formerly Asia Orientalis)
Australia: (Australia)
Brasilia: (Brazil)
Britannia: (Great Britain)
California: (California, Hawaii, Nevada) Nova Roma Provincia California Official List
Canada Ulterior: (Western Canada)
Canada Citerior: (Eastern Canada) http://groups.yahoo.com/group/canadaciteriornovaroma
Dacia: (Romania, Moldova) http://www.dacia-novaroma.org/
Gallia: (Belgium, France, Netherlands, Luxembourg) http://www.novaroma.org/nr/Provincia_Gallia_%28Nova_Roma%29
Germania: Austria, Germany, Switzerland)
Hibernia: (Ireland and Northern Ireland)
Hispania: (Portugal and Spain) http://perso.orange.es/mac856/ and http://www.geocities.com/nrhispania/
Italia: (Italy) http://italia.novaroma.org
Lacus Magni: (American Great Lakes area) http://romanrepublic.org/lacusmagni
Mediatlantica: (American East/Central)
Mexico: (Mexico)http://groups.yahoo.com/group/nrprovinciamexico/
Nova Britannia: (American Northeast) http://www.novabritannia.org
Pannonia: (Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia) http://www.nrpannonia.iweb.hu
Sarmatia: (Ukraine, Russia, Byelaruss) http://sarmatia.org
Thule: (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) http://thule.novaroma.org
Venedia: (Poland)

Map of Nova Roman Provinces

List of current Governors

	PROVINCIA	TERRITORY	STATUS	CURRENT GOVERNOR
1	Italia	Italy, Vatican, San Marino, and Malta	UNSATISFACTORY	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Praefectus Italiae
2	America Cismississippiana	USA - Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Tennessee, and the overseas territories of Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands	UNSATISFACTORY	P. Aurelius Barbatus Praetor
3	America Hispanica	USA - Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico	ABANDONED	D. Aurelius Ingeniarius Propraetor
4	America Noveboracensis et Mediatlantica	USA - Delaware, the District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia	UNSATISFACTORY	T. Domitius Draco Proconsul
5	America Transmississippiana	USA - Alaska, Arkansas, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North and South Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming	UNSATISFACTORY	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Proquaestor pro praetore
6	Australia	Australia and New Zealand	UNSATISFACTORY	D. Aurelius Ingeniarius Propraetor
7	Brasilia	Brazil	UNSATISFACTORY	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Proquaestor pro praetore
8	Britannia	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Ireland	RE-ESTABLISHED	C. Petronius Stephanus Turpilianus consul
9	California	USA - California, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and Hawaii	UNSATISFACTORY	Q. Fabius Maximus Proconsul
10	Canada	Canada	ABANDONED	P. Iunius Brutus Legatus pro praetore
11	Dacia	Romania and Moldavia	UNSATISFACTORY	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Legatus pro praetore
12	Europa Celtica et Germanica	Established as a superprovince, a dioecesis, comprising those European provinces which are in need of reorganization and reactivation: It includes the following four subprovinces:	EXCELLENT	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Dux dioecesisó
	(I) Gallia	Province II of the dioecesis: France and French overseas territories, Belgium, Luxembourg, Monaco	(see above)	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Dux et legatus pro praetore
	(II) Germania	Province III of the dioecesis: Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Netherlands	(see above)	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Dux et legatus pro praetore
	(III) Hispania	Province IV of the dioecesis: Portugal and Spain	(see above)	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Dux et legatus pro praetore
	(IV) Thule	Province V of the dioecesis: Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland	(see above)	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Dux et legatus pro praetore
13	Lacus Magni	USA - Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio and Kentucky	UNSATISFACTORY	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Legatus pro praetore
14	Marcomannia	Czechia and Slovakia	UNSATISFACTORY	Ti. Iulius Nerva Legatus pro praetore
15	Nova Britannia	USA - Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island	ACTIVE	M. Cassius Iulianus Proconsul
16	Nova Hispania	Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama	UNSATISFACTORY	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Proquaestor pro praetore
17	Pannonia	Slovenia and Hungary	EXCELLENT	Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Legatus pro praetore
18	Sarmatia	Ukraine	UNSATISFACTORY	M. Hortensia Maior Fabiana Faustina Propraetrix
19	Scythia et Russia	Russia and Belarus	UNSATISFACTORY	M. Hortensia Maior Fabiana Faustina Propraetrix
20	Thracia	Bulgaria	ACTIVE	A. Vitellius Celsus Legatus pro praetore

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <onlyinclude>{{LanguageBar | Provincia (Nova Roma)}}
-Nova Roma is divided into a number of '''''provinciae'''''. A '''''provincia''''' can comprise a single country or several, or on the other end of the spectrum, can be made up of sub-national units from a single country.</onlyinclude> Unlike provinces of Canada or American states, Nova Roman '''''provinciae''''' are creations of the senate, the 'national' governing body.  The senate, under the ''[[Lex Vedia Provincialis (Nova Roma)|lex Vedia provincialis]]'', can create a new ''provincia'' or combine existing ones by ''senatus consultum''. The same ''lex'' outlines the powers and duties of the [[Governor (Nova Roma)|provincial governors]]. The senate also has the power to appoint and replace governors who appoint the provincial administration and may sub-divide their ''provincia'' into [[regio (Nova Roma)|''regiones'']] for administrative purposes as they deem it necessary.
+Nova Roma Republic has at the same time a central administration and a territorial organization.
-==Governance==
+The main level of this territorial organization is the '''province''' (Latin : ''provincia, -ae'', fem.).
-The structure of the provincial government varies greatly depending upon the existing conditions of the ''provincia''.  Several provinces cross national and linguistic boundaries and thus officials may be appointed to reflect this.  Other provinces are geographically large or have isolated populations.  There are no real laws concerning organization of provincial government other than the ''[[Lex Vedia Provincialis (Nova Roma)|lex Vedia provincialis]]''. This creates a flexible framework for the varying realities of the ''provinciae''.
+==Size and national correspondence==
-The [[Governor (Nova Roma)|governor]] of the province can be variously termed, '''''consul''''', '''''proconsul''''', '''''praetor''''', '''''propraetor''''', or '''''legatus pro praetore'''''; the title depends on previous offices held by the governor. The "governor" of Italia Nova Romana is called '''''praefectus Italiae'''''. All provincial governors are subordinate to the [[senate (Nova Roma)|senate]] and to the [[Magistracies (Nova Roma)|central magistrates]].
+The province cannot be, in the current state of Novaroman Law, smaller than one of the national countries currently existing all around the world. On the contrary, a province may contain several national countries or, besides one or several countries, parts of them, at the local or regional level, specially to respect linguistic or cultural considerations.
+==Role of the provinces==
+As every level of Nova Roma territorial organization, the provinces relay the action of the roman republic of Nova Roma.
+It is the main level of this organization. This importance is materialized by the presence, at the head of the province, of a governor, whose exact title may differ (see below).
+This governor has, at this provincial level and by delegation, most of the powers owned at the central level by Nova Roma main magistrates.
+==Creation of a province==
+According Nova Roma's constitution, a province may be created or deleted by the Senate of Nova Roma, through its ordinary decision form, a senatus consultum.
+The senate is thus free to create and to delete every province in order to stick to what it considers as the interest of Nova Roma.
+Currently, the creation of a province and its existence is still linked to the existence, in a concerned territory (national country, etc.) of at least one citizen of Nova Roma. But the Senate might adopt, with a full legitimacy, another principle.
+==Applicable law==
+The legal base concerning Nova Roma provinces is currently Nova Roma's constitution and ''[[Lex Vedia Provincialis (Nova Roma)|lex Vedia provincialis]]''.
+A ''[[Lex Fabia xx (Nova Roma)|lex Fabia de oppidis et municipiis]]'' deals with the creation and existence of two lower levels, contained in the provincial ones, of Nova Roma's territorial organization.
+==Internal provincial governance==
+There is currently no law defining the internal organization of the provinces.
+It thus depends on the frame set by its governor, which is free organizing as (s)he wants "her/his province as long as (s)he respects the provisions of Novaroman law, specially of [[Lex Fabia xx (Nova Roma)|lex Fabia de oppidis et municipiis]]. For example, a province may be divided, for an appropriate administrative management, in main divisions which are named [[regio (Nova Roma)|''regiones'']].
+The structure of the provincial government varies greatly depending upon the existing conditions of the ''provincia''. This creates a flexible framework for the varying realities of the ''provinciae''.
 Both the administrative office of the governor and the headquarter of the provincial administration are called the [[praetorium (Nova Roma)|''praetorium'']]. The governor's staff personnel, the [[cohors praetoria (Nova Roma)|''cohors praetoria'']], consist of various officials executing the orders of the governor and may include [[legatus (Nova Roma)|legates]], [[praefectus (Nova Roma)|prefects]] and [[Scriba (Nova Roma)|scribes]], more rarely a provincial [[Quaestor (Nova Roma)|''quaestor'']] or [[Quaestor (Nova Roma)|''proquaestor'']], a [[Procurator (Nova Roma)|''procurator'']], sometimes a [[curator aranearius (Nova Roma)|''curator aranearius'']] and a provincial [[Sacerdos (Nova Roma)|''sacerdos'']].
@@ Line 13: / Line 48: @@
 In some provinces, the governor shares his power with a provincial council, the [[consilium provinciae (Nova Roma)|''consilium provinciae'']], sometimes mistakenly called ''curia'', but in most of the provinces it is just an advisory body to assist the governor, and there are also provinces where there is no ''consilium provinciae'' at all.
-It is a very important point to note, however, that provincial administrations are not territorial "self-governments"; Nova Roman ''provinciae'' are not independent or autonomous, nor free from the strict control of the central administration, but, on the contrary, they are tools of the central government to take directives and execute orders and instructions given from the senate and the consuls. The provinces of Nova Roma, just like those in the ancient republic, are a means for unity and effective administrative action, and not a provision for federalism or territorial autonomy.
-==Provinciae of Nova Roma==
+==Official vocabulary==
+Every citizen appointed by the Senate to the head of a province is legally a [[Governor (Nova Roma)|"governor"]].
+Then, Nova Roma State makes, in its internal working, additional protocole differences, which have no legal consequences:
+* the governor in charge of Italian territory, such as defined by the senatus consultum, is called, for the Senate considered that Italia may not be considered as a "province" like the others, '''''praefectus''''', so '''''praefectus Italiae'''''.
+* the other governors are called '''''legatus pro praetore''''' (plural ''legati'')
+* crossing both above sub-categories, every governor may be called, by respect, by her/his current or previous highest title. For example, the governor of fictive provincia Utopia might be called, if he had served previously as consul, "Proconsul Utopiae". But the most neutral title is, in our example, "X, leg. p.p. Utopiae, proconsul".
+==Legal precedence==
+The governors may be replaced at any time, and specially every year when the Senate examines their annual action, by the Patres conscripti. A governor has thus no interest to challenge the legal and moral authority of the Senate.
+This consideration let aside, the governors have a wide competency in their province, owning inside the imperium and the judicial competency for trials which involve two citizens of the province.
+Though they depend directly of the Senate, governors are submitted to the rule of the higher imperium: their local imperium applies as long as it does not enter in conflict with the higher imperium of the praetors or of the consuls of Nova Roma. When the application of a duly legal, in the large meaning of the word, rule issued by the central government is at stake, a governor cannot avoid relaying and applying it. In case of doubt or hesitation, (s)he must obey any consular official request. A governor will be similarly obliged to obey a praetorian request when the praetors act in the place of the consuls or in the frame of their own special administrative or judicial competencies whose execution is necessary in the concerned province.
+Similarly, the governor must apply every measure issued by a central magistrate, even if this magistrate has no imperium, but works in a field which results of the application of Nova Roma Law. For example, a governor will not be allowed to oppose to the possible consequences that the official Ludi (Public games) may have in her/his province or on the provincial official action or calendar.
+==Provinces of Nova Roma==
+The list of current Nova Roma provinces have been reviewed by the Senate in its session of January and March 2763 auc. Nova Roma provinciae are the following ones.
 ; [[Provincia America Austroccidentalis (Nova Roma)|America Austroccidentalis]]: (American Southwest) http://amaust.romanrepublic.org/

Provincia (Nova Roma)

Revision as of 17:37, 15 June 2010

Contents

Size and national correspondence

Role of the provinces

Creation of a province

Applicable law

Internal provincial governance

Official vocabulary

Legal precedence

Provinces of Nova Roma

Map of Nova Roman Provinces

List of current Governors

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