Legal system (Nova Roma)
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The Nova Roman legal system includes the legal texts applicable to and inside [[Nova Roma]]. It is composed not only of the [[List of leges|laws]] adopted by the [[comitia (Nova Roma)|comitia]], the assemblies of Nova Roma, but also of [[:Category:Senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|senatus consulta]], [[:Category:Acta Pontificum (Nova Roma)|pontifical decrees]] and [[:Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)|magisterial edicts]]. | The Nova Roman legal system includes the legal texts applicable to and inside [[Nova Roma]]. It is composed not only of the [[List of leges|laws]] adopted by the [[comitia (Nova Roma)|comitia]], the assemblies of Nova Roma, but also of [[:Category:Senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|senatus consulta]], [[:Category:Acta Pontificum (Nova Roma)|pontifical decrees]] and [[:Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)|magisterial edicts]]. | ||
− | + | </onlyinclude> | |
==Leges== | ==Leges== | ||
+ | After the [[Lex Cornelia Domitia de re publica constituenda (Nova Roma)|Constitution of Nova Roma]], a ''[[Lex|lex]]'' (law) is the highest legislative legal policy. A ''lex'' is passed when successfully voted through by on of the ''[[Comitia (Nova Roma)|comitia]]''. | ||
− | + | All ''leges'' (laws) of Nova Roma are officially listed through three sources, based on their status: | |
− | + | <div style="border:thin solid #800000;width:24em;float:left;padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em;margin:1px;text-align:center"> | |
− | *[[ | + | '''[[List_of_leges|List of all Active Laws]]'''<br>Listing all laws in force in chronological order.</div> |
+ | <br style="clear:both"/> | ||
+ | {{NR Society articles}} | ||
+ | *'''[[List of all passed laws|Historical list of all laws]]''' - Lists all laws ever enacted, in chronological order. A historical list. | ||
+ | *'''[[Leges Novae Romanae In Force|Consolidated library of laws]]''' - Lists all active (in-force) laws on a single page to enable keyword or phrase searches (Ctrl-F). | ||
− | + | ====Leges Archive==== | |
+ | Some complementary information on older Nova Roma laws or proposed laws (''rogationes'') that were never ratified: | ||
+ | *'''[http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/ Old Website Tabularium (deprecated)]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[:Category:Repealed leges (Nova Roma)| Repealed Leges]]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[:Category:Lapsed leges (Nova Roma)| Lapsed Leges]]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[:Category:Failed rogationes (Nova Roma)| Failed Rogationes]]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[:Category:Withdrawn rogationes (Nova Roma)| Withdrawn Rogationes]]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[:Category:Vetoed rogationes (Nova Roma)| Vetoed Rogationes]]''' | ||
==Senatus consulta== | ==Senatus consulta== | ||
+ | A [[Senatus consultum|''senatus consulta'']], abbreviated to ''SC'', was an official statement and advice of the Roman senate to the executive magistrates. In Nova Roma, the SC has legal and authoritative precedence as a a decree of the Senate. A chronological summary of all SC can be found through the recorded [[Sessions of the Senate (Nova Roma)|sessions of the Senate]]. | ||
− | + | <div style="border:thin solid #800000;width:24em;float:left;padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em;margin:1px;text-align:center"> | |
− | + | '''[[:Category:Senatus consulta (Nova Roma)|Senatus Consulta of Nova Roma]]'''</div> | |
+ | <br style="clear:both"/> | ||
+ | {{NR Territorial organization articles}} | ||
+ | ====Senatus Consulta Ultima==== | ||
+ | In accordance with article V. D. of the [[Lex Cornelia Domitia de re publica constituenda (Nova Roma)#V._The_Senate| Nova Roma constitution]], in times of emergency, through a two-thirds majority vote, the Senate has the power to issue a ''senatus consultum ultimum'' (the ultimate decree of the Senate), abbreviated as ''SCU''. An SCU can, with the exception of this Constitution, supersede all other laws, the judiciary, the magistrates and the Comitia, by making decisions in their place, and can authorize the consuls and other officers to use their imperium in the central administration with absolute powers, under the constraints of the Constitution and within the prescribed scope as defined by the Senatus consultum ultimum, to deal with a specific situation. The Senatus consultum ultimum is a type of Senatus consultum, and as such, it is subject to tribunician intercessio and to all rules regarding SC, but magistrates acting under an enacted SCUm are not subject to tribunician intercessio or provocatio. The SCU may not be used in place of a lex to enact a change in the Constitution or in the Articles of Incorporation, or in place of a decretum pontificum to appoint priests. A SCU only remains in-force for three months after its enactment. After which, it ceases to have any special authority other than a regular SC. | ||
− | + | <div style="border:thin solid #800000;width:24em;float:left;padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em;margin:1px;text-align:center"> | |
+ | '''[[Senatus Consulta Ultima (Nova Roma)|Senatus Consulta Ultima of Nova Roma]]'''</div> | ||
+ | <br style="clear:both"/> | ||
− | == | + | ====Senatus Consulta Archive==== |
+ | Archived records (no longer used but retained for historical purposes) of some past SC and relevant pages may be found here: | ||
+ | *'''[[list of discussed SC (Nova Roma)|List of Discussed SC]]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[:Category:Repealed senatus consulta (Nova Roma)| Repealed Senatus Consulta]]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[:Category:Failed relationes (Nova Roma)| Failed Senate Proposals]]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[:Category:Senatus auctoritates (Nova Roma)| Vetoed Senatus Consulta]]''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Decreta pontificum vel augurum== | ||
+ | {{Priesthood articles}} | ||
The ''[[collegium pontificum (Nova Roma)|collegium pontificum]]'' has the right to issue ''decreta'' on matters relevant to the Roman religion and its own internal procedures, the ''[[collegium augurum (Nova Roma)|collegium augurum]]'' has the same power to issue ''decreta'' on matters of the ''ars auguria'' and its own internal procedures. These priestly decrees may not be overruled by laws passed in the comitia, by senatus consulta, or by edicts of magistrates. | The ''[[collegium pontificum (Nova Roma)|collegium pontificum]]'' has the right to issue ''decreta'' on matters relevant to the Roman religion and its own internal procedures, the ''[[collegium augurum (Nova Roma)|collegium augurum]]'' has the same power to issue ''decreta'' on matters of the ''ars auguria'' and its own internal procedures. These priestly decrees may not be overruled by laws passed in the comitia, by senatus consulta, or by edicts of magistrates. | ||
− | |||
− | + | {{FourUp|'''[[:Category:Decreta (Nova Roma)| Decreta of Nova Roma]]'''}} | |
+ | <br style="clear:both"/> | ||
− | + | ==Edicta== | |
+ | {{Calendar articles}} | ||
+ | An ''[[Edictum|edictum]]'' is a binding authoritative order given by a magistrate empowered to do so. The level or authority of an edict is determined by the rank of the issuing magistrate. All edicts rank below ''leges'' and ''senatus consulta'' in legislative precedence. They are often used to formally assign tasks and projects, make rulings or interpret the law. | ||
− | + | ''Edicta'' in Nova Roma are only valid for the duration of office of the issuing magistrate, in accordance with the ''[[Lex Arminia de ratione edictorum (Nova Roma)|Lex Arminia de ratione edictorum]]''. Only a dictator's ''edicta'' IAW article IV. B. 1. of the [[Lex_Cornelia_Domitia_de_re_publica_constituenda_(Nova_Roma)#IV._Magistrates|constitution]] remains valid after their term in office. Nova Roma has consolidated ''edicta'' on the following page: | |
− | + | ||
− | = | + | {{FourUp|'''[[:Category:Edicta (Nova Roma)| Edicta of Nova Roma]]'''}} |
+ | <br style="clear:both"/> | ||
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− | |||
+ | ==Forms, instructions and treaties== | ||
+ | {{Template:Decuriae of apparitores}} | ||
+ | ====Official Forms==== | ||
+ | Nova Roma will produce various official forms, applications and documents. Below is a list of commonly used forms and applications used in Nova Roma: | ||
+ | *'''[http://www.novaroma.org/bin/apply?lang= Application for Nova Roma Citizenship]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[Application for priesthood (Nova Roma)|Application for priesthood]]''' | ||
− | |||
+ | *'''[[Senate procedures (Nova Roma)|Nova Roma Senate Procedures]]''' | ||
+ | *'''[[Oath of office (Nova Roma)| How to undertake the Oath of Office]]''' | ||
+ | ====Instructions and Manuals==== | ||
+ | Instructions and manuals are often produced by various magistrates or ''[[Apparitor (Nova Roma)|apparitors]]'' to present a procedural guide or document repetitive work that is done within the Republic. These documents are generally not authoritative or hold legislative precedence in their own right but may often be issued under the ''[[Imperium|imperium]]'' or ''[[Potestas|potestas]]'' of a responsible magistrates. Current versions on various subjects are provided here: | ||
− | [[Category:Legal system (Nova Roma)]] | + | *'''[http://www.novaroma.org/vici/images/SC_Senate_Rules_rev_3_new.pdf Senate procedures, MMDCCLXV], see [[Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLXV (Nova Roma)|Senatus consultum de ratione senatus MMDCCLXV]]. |
+ | |||
+ | *'''[[NovaRoma:Submit Citizen Photo|Submitting a citizen photo]]''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | *[[NovaRoma:Legal document guidelines|Tabularium maintenance instructions]] ''(outdated and needs revision)'' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ====Official Treaties and Agreements==== | ||
+ | One of the primary objectives of Nova Roma is to work and collaborate with various individuals, groups and institutions around the world that foster the study of ancient Rome. Written memorandums of understanding (MoU) may also be produced with reenactment groups as detailed in ''leges'' like the ''[[Lex Aurelia de legionibus (Nova Roma)|Lex Aurelia de legionibus]]''. Below is a list of known agreements or treaties with other entities: | ||
+ | |||
+ | *'''[http://www.novaroma.org/vici/images/MEMORANDUM_OF_UNDERSTANDING_-_NR-ARRV_v2.0_redacted.pdf Memorandum of Understanding with Ancient Roman Reenactors Victoria (ARRV), Australia]''' | ||
+ | *'''[http://www.novaroma.org/nr/File:Memorandum_of_Understanding_NR_LEGXIIFUL_v1.pdf Memorandum of Understanding with Legio XII Fulminata (S.A.), Australia]''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Encyclopedia of Nova Roma legislation== | ||
+ | The amount and length of Nova Roma legislation can be complex, as it was in ancient Rome and as it is in the modern era. Below is an encyclopedia of legislation, formatted into categories, to easily show relevant laws to various activities or individuals. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Nova Roman Law Handbook. An unofficial but useful tool for studying the law and identifying the relationship between various policy: | ||
+ | {{FourUp|'''[[Codex Iuris Novae Romae]]'''}} | ||
+ | <br style="clear:both"/> | ||
+ | |||
+ | *It also contains a [[Codex Juris: Glossary| Glossary]] to search through legislation via topic, keyword or phrase. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==The assemblies and courts of Nova Roma== | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{NR State councils articles}} | ||
+ | Like ancient Rome, Nova Roma has four different [[comitia]] which are the supreme assemblies of the Roman people acting as a political body. The comitia have the legislative power of the Roman state where citizens vote on laws and elected magistrates.They are convened by the magistrates and have the power to make authoritative expressions of the will of the people. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The following pages contain useful information on the purpose of each comitium: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{FourUp|'''[[Comitia_Curiata_(Nova_Roma)|Comitia Curiata]]'''}} {{FourUp|'''[[Comitia centuriata (Nova Roma)|Comitia centuriata]]'''}} {{FourUp|'''[[Comitia populi tributa (Nova Roma)|Comitia populi tributa]]'''}} {{FourUp|'''[[Comitia plebis tributa (Nova Roma)|Comitia plebis tributa]]'''}} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | *** | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nova Roma uses a series of court systems to handle disagreements in a more formal, thourough and slower-paced way. While a senior magistrate ''could'' impose rules, procedures or decisions on an [[Aediles (Nova Roma)|''aedilis'']] or [[Vigintisexviri (Nova Roma)|''triumvir capitalis'']] to handle matters, the court system provides a lasting, precedential, defensible, and public record of solutions that are likely to be more amenable to more parties than an imposed decision of a superior. The court system provides an alternative to the ''[[intercessio]]'', and it gives a possibility for lower magistrates and citizens to question, affect or challenge the decisions of the higher magistrates. | ||
+ | |||
+ | '''''Note: For a brief summary of your options as a citizen to address a grievance or complaint in Nova Roma, see the page of [[Complaint and Conflict Resolution in Nova Roma]].''''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Purpose of the courts=== | ||
+ | {{NR Magistracy articles}} | ||
+ | ====Judiciary court==== | ||
+ | Judiciary court proceedings serve to allow any citizen to be able to bring an action against another citizen of Nova Roma and have it formally heard by an appointed or elected jury. The court system is based on the Roman republican procedural model, both because it is the model that best suits Nova Roma and because it is the basis for all the procedural systems of modern Western nations. Some concessions to Nova Roma's particular structure have had to be made; but, in spirit, it follows the ancient Roman procedure. Examples include instances where one citizen raises a greivance based on the actions of another citizen, or to settle an unruly debate between two citizens disagreeing on a matter. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Administrative court==== | ||
+ | Administrative court proceedings serve to decide debates and complaints between magistrates and other officers about correct procedure, and lawfulness of an action or decision, and complaints of citizens against magistrates and other officers about correct procedure and lawfulness of their action or decision. Examples include a complaint of citizen against an action or decision of a magistrate or other officer which the citizen deems illegal, mistaken or unjust, or to to have been made according to an incorrect or unlawful procedure. The administrative court may not be used to decide administrative debates in which one of the parties is the Comitia, the Senate, the Collegium Pontificum or Collegium Augurum. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Constitutional court==== | ||
+ | Constitutional court proceedings serve to decide debates and uncertainties about the interpretation of law between various magistrates and officers or other debates between the comitia, the senate, the priestly colleges, the magistrates and other officers about their jurisdiction, competence, power and authority. Examples include a debate between two magistrates about who has the authority and competence to make a decision or to issue an edict in a specific question, or a debate about which comitia have the right to make a decision about a specific question. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{FourUp|'''[[Judicial courts of Nova Roma|Judiciary court]]'''}} {{FourUp|'''[[Administrative court (Nova Roma)|Administrative court]]'''}} {{FourUp|'''[[Constitutional court (Nova Roma)|Constitutional court]]'''}} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | If the involved parties are uncertain about which type of court they should petition with their complaint or case, they shall ask for a general directional ruling from the [[Praetor (Nova Roma)|Praetorian Office]], and they shall turn to the jurisdiction of the court as directed. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Challenges made to this form of general directional ruling can be addressed to the praetors who shall handle any controversy about the selection of the appropriate court in a form of an administrative court trial, as the court of first instance, for original jurisdiction. Appeals against the ruling of the praetor shall be made to the comitia (court of second instance). Once a verdict is made by the [[Comitia (Nova Roma)|comitia]], it shall be considered final. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Government Public Offices & Committees== | ||
+ | Both the senate and the magistrates have the power to not only appoint indivdual staff (apparitores) to serve magistrates and the state, but also to create or establish various public offices and working committees. | ||
+ | |||
+ | These offices and committees alike will vary in function and purpose, determined by the relivant senatus consultum of the senate or the edictum of the magistrate. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Nova Roma law does not presently define offices and committees as legal entities, nor does it define a difference between them. Through practical convention, an office is considered a more permanent division of staff or allocation of public servants to a specific recurring set of duties. A committee is considered more temporary and may include citizens not considered apparitores outside of the committee itself. These delegations or assignments of tasks may not always contain the name of "committee" either and may list under a different construct all together. | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | {{FourUp|'''[[Government public offices and committees (Nova Roma)|Government Public Offices and Committees]]'''}} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
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+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | ==Fasti== | ||
+ | As is customary, a list or ''fasti'' is kept to record all magistrates who served in the various offices since Nova Roma’s foundation. Also recorded here are current lists of various other forms of officers from around Nova Roma. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{FourUp|'''[[Fasti consulares (Nova Roma)|Fasti Consulares]]'''}} {{FourUp|'''[[Fasti praetorii (Nova Roma)|Fasti Praetorii]]'''}} {{FourUp|'''[[Fasti censorii (Nova Roma)|Fasti Censorii]]'''}} {{FourUp|'''[[Fasti aedilicii (Nova Roma)|Fasti Aedilicii]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Fasti tribunicii (Nova Roma)|Fasti Tribunicii]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Fasti quaestorii (Nova Roma)|Fasti Quaestorii]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Fasti tribunicii militum (Nova Roma)|Fasti Tribunicii Militum]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Fasti quattuorvirales (Nova Roma)|Fasti Quattuorvirales]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Fasti decemvirales (Nova Roma)|Fasti Decemvirales]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Fasti triumvirales monetales (Nova Roma)|Fasti Triumvirales Monetales]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Fasti triumvirales capitales (Nova Roma)|Fasti Triumvirales Capitales]]'''}} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | {{FourUp|'''[[List of current senators|List of Senators]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[List of current governors|List of Governors]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Praefectus (Nova Roma)|List of Praefecti]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[List of patricians|List of Patricians]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[List of equestrians|List of Equestrians]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Assiduus (Nova Roma)|List of Assidui]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Album of the Ceremonial Tribal Officers (Nova Roma)|List of Tribal Officers]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Comitia curiata (Nova Roma)|List of Lictores Curiati]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Album Decuriarum Apparitoriarum (Nova Roma)|List of Apparitores]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Album iudicum (Nova Roma)|List of Iudices]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Album vigilum (Nova Roma)|List of Vigiles]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Album praetorianorum (Nova Roma)|List of Praetoriani]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Album militum forensium rei publicae (Nova Roma)|List of Milites Forenses]]'''}} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | {{FourUp|'''[[Pontifex (Nova Roma)|List of Pontifices]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Augur (Nova Roma)|List of Augures]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Flamen (Nova Roma)|List of Flamines]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Sacerdos (Nova Roma)|List of Sacerdotes]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[Foreign priesthoods (Nova Roma)|List of Foreign Priesthoods]]'''}} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | {{FourUp|'''[[Roman Reenactment Army of Nova Roma|List of Military Units]]'''}}{{FourUp|'''[[List of municipia and oppida|List of Municipia]]'''}} | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | ==Notes== | ||
+ | See the [[:Category:Legal system (Nova Roma)| category page]] (all associated links) with the legal system of Nova Roma. | ||
+ | |||
+ | The Codex Juris was originally compiled by citizen [[Domitius Constantinus Fuscus (Nova Roma)|Domitius Constantinus Fuscus]]. A significant update to this Tabularium and the Codex Juris was commenced in {{2021}}, led by [[Decimus Aurelius Ingeniarius (Nova Roma)|D. Aurelius Ingeniarius]], under the authority of the ''[[Curator rei informaticae (Nova Roma)|Officum Rei Informaticae]]'', and Praetorial edicta ''[https://groups.io/g/TheForumRomanum/message/97528 Edictum praetorium c. Artorii de renovatione tabularii (LXXIV - VI)]''. |
Latest revision as of 05:32, 25 June 2024
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· Home: Legal System ·
Declaration -
Constitution
Leges -
Senatus Consulta -
Decreta -
Edicta
The Nova Roman legal system includes the legal texts applicable to and inside Nova Roma. It is composed not only of the laws adopted by the comitia, the assemblies of Nova Roma, but also of senatus consulta, pontifical decrees and magisterial edicts.
Contents |
Leges
After the Constitution of Nova Roma, a lex (law) is the highest legislative legal policy. A lex is passed when successfully voted through by on of the comitia.
All leges (laws) of Nova Roma are officially listed through three sources, based on their status:
Listing all laws in force in chronological order.
Citizens
Patricians - Plebeians
The equestrian order
Nobiles - Homines novi
Gens and domus, families
The 19 tribes
The 23 centuries
The 5 classes
Census points
Assidui - Capite censi
Taxes
- Historical list of all laws - Lists all laws ever enacted, in chronological order. A historical list.
- Consolidated library of laws - Lists all active (in-force) laws on a single page to enable keyword or phrase searches (Ctrl-F).
Leges Archive
Some complementary information on older Nova Roma laws or proposed laws (rogationes) that were never ratified:
- Old Website Tabularium (deprecated)
- Repealed Leges
- Lapsed Leges
- Failed Rogationes
- Withdrawn Rogationes
- Vetoed Rogationes
Senatus consulta
A senatus consulta, abbreviated to SC, was an official statement and advice of the Roman senate to the executive magistrates. In Nova Roma, the SC has legal and authoritative precedence as a a decree of the Senate. A chronological summary of all SC can be found through the recorded sessions of the Senate.
·Territorial Subdivisions ·
The Republic
Provinces
Regions
Civitates
Municipalities
Unorganized territories
·Territorial Administration ·
Governors
Legates
Prefects
Praetorium
Cohors Praetoria
Provincial Councils
Senatus Consulta Ultima
In accordance with article V. D. of the Nova Roma constitution, in times of emergency, through a two-thirds majority vote, the Senate has the power to issue a senatus consultum ultimum (the ultimate decree of the Senate), abbreviated as SCU. An SCU can, with the exception of this Constitution, supersede all other laws, the judiciary, the magistrates and the Comitia, by making decisions in their place, and can authorize the consuls and other officers to use their imperium in the central administration with absolute powers, under the constraints of the Constitution and within the prescribed scope as defined by the Senatus consultum ultimum, to deal with a specific situation. The Senatus consultum ultimum is a type of Senatus consultum, and as such, it is subject to tribunician intercessio and to all rules regarding SC, but magistrates acting under an enacted SCUm are not subject to tribunician intercessio or provocatio. The SCU may not be used in place of a lex to enact a change in the Constitution or in the Articles of Incorporation, or in place of a decretum pontificum to appoint priests. A SCU only remains in-force for three months after its enactment. After which, it ceases to have any special authority other than a regular SC.
Senatus Consulta Archive
Archived records (no longer used but retained for historical purposes) of some past SC and relevant pages may be found here:
Decreta pontificum vel augurum
·Ancient Rome ·
Rex sacrorum
Flamen
Pontifex
Augur
Virgo Vestalis
·Nova Roma·
Rex sacrorum
Flamen
Pontifex
Augur
Virgo Vestalis
The collegium pontificum has the right to issue decreta on matters relevant to the Roman religion and its own internal procedures, the collegium augurum has the same power to issue decreta on matters of the ars auguria and its own internal procedures. These priestly decrees may not be overruled by laws passed in the comitia, by senatus consulta, or by edicts of magistrates.
Edicta
Introduction
Roman dates
Kalends - Nones - Ides
Nundinae - Feriae
·Nova Roma·
Fasti Novi Romani
Calendar for the current year
Dies atri - Market days
Annals of Nova Roma
Current events
An edictum is a binding authoritative order given by a magistrate empowered to do so. The level or authority of an edict is determined by the rank of the issuing magistrate. All edicts rank below leges and senatus consulta in legislative precedence. They are often used to formally assign tasks and projects, make rulings or interpret the law.
Edicta in Nova Roma are only valid for the duration of office of the issuing magistrate, in accordance with the Lex Arminia de ratione edictorum. Only a dictator's edicta IAW article IV. B. 1. of the constitution remains valid after their term in office. Nova Roma has consolidated edicta on the following page:
Forms, instructions and treaties
Official Forms
Nova Roma will produce various official forms, applications and documents. Below is a list of commonly used forms and applications used in Nova Roma:
Instructions and Manuals
Instructions and manuals are often produced by various magistrates or apparitors to present a procedural guide or document repetitive work that is done within the Republic. These documents are generally not authoritative or hold legislative precedence in their own right but may often be issued under the imperium or potestas of a responsible magistrates. Current versions on various subjects are provided here:
- Tabularium maintenance instructions (outdated and needs revision)
Official Treaties and Agreements
One of the primary objectives of Nova Roma is to work and collaborate with various individuals, groups and institutions around the world that foster the study of ancient Rome. Written memorandums of understanding (MoU) may also be produced with reenactment groups as detailed in leges like the Lex Aurelia de legionibus. Below is a list of known agreements or treaties with other entities:
- Memorandum of Understanding with Ancient Roman Reenactors Victoria (ARRV), Australia
- Memorandum of Understanding with Legio XII Fulminata (S.A.), Australia
Encyclopedia of Nova Roma legislation
The amount and length of Nova Roma legislation can be complex, as it was in ancient Rome and as it is in the modern era. Below is an encyclopedia of legislation, formatted into categories, to easily show relevant laws to various activities or individuals.
The Nova Roman Law Handbook. An unofficial but useful tool for studying the law and identifying the relationship between various policy:
- It also contains a Glossary to search through legislation via topic, keyword or phrase.
The assemblies and courts of Nova Roma
·The People's Assembly·
Comitia Curiata
Comitia Centuriata
Comitia Populi Tributa
Comitia Plebis Tributa
Collegium Pontificum
Collegium Augurum
· Judiciary court · Administrative court · Constitutional court ·
Like ancient Rome, Nova Roma has four different comitia which are the supreme assemblies of the Roman people acting as a political body. The comitia have the legislative power of the Roman state where citizens vote on laws and elected magistrates.They are convened by the magistrates and have the power to make authoritative expressions of the will of the people.
The following pages contain useful information on the purpose of each comitium:
Nova Roma uses a series of court systems to handle disagreements in a more formal, thourough and slower-paced way. While a senior magistrate could impose rules, procedures or decisions on an aedilis or triumvir capitalis to handle matters, the court system provides a lasting, precedential, defensible, and public record of solutions that are likely to be more amenable to more parties than an imposed decision of a superior. The court system provides an alternative to the intercessio, and it gives a possibility for lower magistrates and citizens to question, affect or challenge the decisions of the higher magistrates.
Note: For a brief summary of your options as a citizen to address a grievance or complaint in Nova Roma, see the page of Complaint and Conflict Resolution in Nova Roma.
Purpose of the courts
Consul
Praetor
Censor
Aedilis curulis
Aedilis plebis
Tribunus plebis
Quaestor
Vigintivir
Tribunus militum
Praefectus rei publicae administrandae
Curator aerarii
Curator rei informaticae
Classification of magistracies
Judiciary court
Judiciary court proceedings serve to allow any citizen to be able to bring an action against another citizen of Nova Roma and have it formally heard by an appointed or elected jury. The court system is based on the Roman republican procedural model, both because it is the model that best suits Nova Roma and because it is the basis for all the procedural systems of modern Western nations. Some concessions to Nova Roma's particular structure have had to be made; but, in spirit, it follows the ancient Roman procedure. Examples include instances where one citizen raises a greivance based on the actions of another citizen, or to settle an unruly debate between two citizens disagreeing on a matter.
Administrative court
Administrative court proceedings serve to decide debates and complaints between magistrates and other officers about correct procedure, and lawfulness of an action or decision, and complaints of citizens against magistrates and other officers about correct procedure and lawfulness of their action or decision. Examples include a complaint of citizen against an action or decision of a magistrate or other officer which the citizen deems illegal, mistaken or unjust, or to to have been made according to an incorrect or unlawful procedure. The administrative court may not be used to decide administrative debates in which one of the parties is the Comitia, the Senate, the Collegium Pontificum or Collegium Augurum.
Constitutional court
Constitutional court proceedings serve to decide debates and uncertainties about the interpretation of law between various magistrates and officers or other debates between the comitia, the senate, the priestly colleges, the magistrates and other officers about their jurisdiction, competence, power and authority. Examples include a debate between two magistrates about who has the authority and competence to make a decision or to issue an edict in a specific question, or a debate about which comitia have the right to make a decision about a specific question.
If the involved parties are uncertain about which type of court they should petition with their complaint or case, they shall ask for a general directional ruling from the Praetorian Office, and they shall turn to the jurisdiction of the court as directed.
Challenges made to this form of general directional ruling can be addressed to the praetors who shall handle any controversy about the selection of the appropriate court in a form of an administrative court trial, as the court of first instance, for original jurisdiction. Appeals against the ruling of the praetor shall be made to the comitia (court of second instance). Once a verdict is made by the comitia, it shall be considered final.
Government Public Offices & Committees
Both the senate and the magistrates have the power to not only appoint indivdual staff (apparitores) to serve magistrates and the state, but also to create or establish various public offices and working committees.
These offices and committees alike will vary in function and purpose, determined by the relivant senatus consultum of the senate or the edictum of the magistrate.
Nova Roma law does not presently define offices and committees as legal entities, nor does it define a difference between them. Through practical convention, an office is considered a more permanent division of staff or allocation of public servants to a specific recurring set of duties. A committee is considered more temporary and may include citizens not considered apparitores outside of the committee itself. These delegations or assignments of tasks may not always contain the name of "committee" either and may list under a different construct all together.
Fasti
As is customary, a list or fasti is kept to record all magistrates who served in the various offices since Nova Roma’s foundation. Also recorded here are current lists of various other forms of officers from around Nova Roma.
Notes
See the category page (all associated links) with the legal system of Nova Roma.
The Codex Juris was originally compiled by citizen Domitius Constantinus Fuscus. A significant update to this Tabularium and the Codex Juris was commenced in Q. Arrio (III) A. Tullia cos. ‡ MMDCCLXXIV a.u.c., led by D. Aurelius Ingeniarius, under the authority of the Officum Rei Informaticae, and Praetorial edicta Edictum praetorium c. Artorii de renovatione tabularii (LXXIV - VI).