Leges Novae Romanae
From NovaRoma
(Difference between revisions)
(Adding more leges from <onlyinclude> tags.) |
(and yet adding more leges.) |
||
(One intermediate revision by one user not shown) | |||
Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
'''This is a consolidated page of all ''leges'', both past and present, for Nova Roma. The pages is a useful means to search efficiently through all the ''leges'' for a particular element or subject of interest.''' | '''This is a consolidated page of all ''leges'', both past and present, for Nova Roma. The pages is a useful means to search efficiently through all the ''leges'' for a particular element or subject of interest.''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | =I: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =II: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =III: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =IV: Lex Vedia de ratione eligium= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de ratione eligium (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =V: Lex Vedia apparitoria= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia apparitoria (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =VI: Lex Vedia de vigintisexviris= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de vigintisexviris (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =VII: Lex Vedia senatoria= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia senatoria (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =VIII: Lex Vedia tributaria= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia tributaria (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =IX: Lex Vedia centuriata= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia centuriata (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =X: Lex Vedia de ratione edictorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de ratione edictorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XI: Lex Iunia spatia consulatuum circumscribenda= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Iunia spatia consulatuum circumscribenda (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XII: Lex Iunia Cornelia de patrumfamiliarum matrumfamiliarumque aetate= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Iunia Cornelia de patrumfamiliarum matrumfamiliarumque aetate (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XIII: Lex Iunia de iusiurando= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Iunia de iusiurando (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XIV: Lex Iunia centuriata= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Iunia centuriata (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XV: Lex Cornelia de tempore publico constituendo= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia de tempore publico constituendo (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XVI: Lex Grylla de magistratibus plebis creandis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Grylla de magistratibus plebis creandis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XVII: Lex Cornelia de privatis rebus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia de privatis rebus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XVIII: Lex Iunia de magistratuum aetate= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Iunia de magistratuum aetate (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XIX: Lex Iunia Cornelia de ratione suffragiorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Iunia Cornelia de ratione suffragiorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XX: Lex Iunia centuriata secunda= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Iunia centuriata secunda (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXI: Lex Iunia Cornelia provincialis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Iunia Cornelia provincialis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXII: Lex Fabia de epistulis interretialibus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Fabia de epistulis interretialibus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXIII: Lex Minucia de rogatoribus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Minucia de rogatoribus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXIV: Lex Vedia de magistratuum aetate= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de magistratuum aetate (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXV: Lex Vedia de ratione automataria= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de ratione automataria (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXVI: Lex Vedia de civitatis petitionibus per suffragia= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de civitatis petitionibus per suffragia (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXVII: Lex Vedia altera de ratione edictorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia altera de ratione edictorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXVIII: Lex Vedia de cursu honorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de cursu honorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXIX: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXX: Lex Labiena de iure edicendi vigintisexvirorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Labiena de iure edicendi vigintisexvirorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXXI: Lex Labiena de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Labiena de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXXII: Lex Cornelia et Maria de civitate eiuranda= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia et Maria de civitate eiuranda (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXXIII: Lex Cornelia et Maria de mutandis nominibus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia et Maria de mutandis nominibus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXXIV: Lex Vedia de assiduis et capite censis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de assiduis et capite censis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXXV: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXXVI: Lex Vedia de privatis rebus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de privatis rebus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXXVII: Lex Cassia Octavia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cassia Octavia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXXVIII: Lex Cassia de creatione sodalitatum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cassia de creatione sodalitatum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XXXIX: Lex Cassia de iusiurando= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cassia de iusiurando (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XL: Lex Vedia de magistratuum aetate secunda= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de magistratuum aetate secunda (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XLI: Lex Vedia de provinciis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de provinciis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XLII: Lex Vedia de incorporationis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de incorporationis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XLIII: Lex Vedia de tribunis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de tribunis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XLIV: Lex Vedia de liberis civium= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Vedia de liberis civium (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XLV: Lex Octavia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Octavia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XLVI: Lex Labiena de intercessione= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Labiena de intercessione (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XLVII: Lex Cornelia de tabulis gentium novaromanarum agendis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia de tabulis gentium novaromanarum agendis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XLVIII: Lex Cornelia de linguis publicis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia de linguis publicis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XLIX: Lex Cornelia Iunia de definitione intervallorum magistratuum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia Iunia de definitione intervallorum magistratuum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =L: Lex Octavia de senatoribus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Octavia de senatoribus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LI: Lex Cornelia de rebus ordinis equestris agendis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia de rebus ordinis equestris agendis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LII: Lex Octavia de sermone= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Octavia de sermone (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LIII: Lex Cornelia de censu= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia de censu (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LIV: Lex Cornelia Vedia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia Vedia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LV: Lex Cornelia Octavia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia Octavia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LVI: Lex Octavia de privatis rebus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Octavia de privatis rebus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LVIII: Lex Octavia altera de comitiis centuriatis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Octavia altera de comitiis centuriatis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LIX: Lex Salicia de prorogatione et cumulatione= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Salicia de prorogatione et cumulatione (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LX: Lex Salicia de suffragiis in comitiis populi tributis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Salicia de suffragiis in comitiis populi tributis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXI: Lex Salicia iudiciaria= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Salicia iudiciaria (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXII: Lex Salicia de convocatione tribunicia comitiorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Salicia de convocatione tribunicia comitiorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXIII: Lex Arminia de ratione edictorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de ratione edictorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXIV: Lex Salicia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Salicia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXV: Lex Salicia de convocatione tribunicia comitiorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Salicia de convocatione tribunicia comitiorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXVI: Lex Cornelia Octavia de assiduis et capite censis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Cornelia Octavia de assiduis et capite censis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXVII: Lex Fabia de censu= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Fabia de censu (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXVIII: Lex Fabia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Fabia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXIX: Lex Salicia poenalis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Salicia poenalis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXX: Lex Labiena de praetoribus agendis in loco parentium= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Labiena de praetoribus agendis in loco parentium (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXI: Lex Labiena de custodia perpetua fori= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Labiena de custodia perpetua fori (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXII: Lex Fabia de oppidis et municipiis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Fabia de oppidis et municipiis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXIII: Lex Didia Gemina de potestate tribunicia= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Didia Gemina de potestate tribunicia (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXIV: Lex Moravia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis et ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Moravia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis et ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXV: Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXVI: Lex Fabia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Fabia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXVII: Lex Fabia centuriata= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Fabia centuriata (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXVIII: Lex Labiena de nominibus mutandis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Labiena de nominibus mutandis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXIX: Lex Labiena de civium iure= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Labiena de civium iure (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXX: Lex Labiena de gentibus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Labiena de gentibus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXXI: Lex Fabia Labiena de iure augurum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Fabia Labiena de iure augurum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXXII: Lex Labiena de obnuntiatione= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Labiena de obnuntiatione (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXXIII: Lex Equitia de corrigendum legum erratis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Equitia de corrigendum legum erratis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXXIV: Lex Arminia de officiis aedilium plebis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de officiis aedilium plebis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXXV: Lex Arminia senatoria= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia senatoria (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXXVI: Lex Arminia de cursu honorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de cursu honorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXXVII: Lex Arminia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXXVIII: Lex Arminia de ministris provincialibus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de ministris provincialibus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =LXXXIX: Lex Arminia de levandis censorum oneribus= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de levandis censorum oneribus (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XC: Lex Arminia de fovenda lingua latina= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de fovenda lingua latina (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XCI: Lex Arminia Equitia de dignitate curuli= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia Equitia de dignitate curuli (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XCII: Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XCIII: Lex Arminia de potestate tribunicia ad comitia convocanda= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de potestate tribunicia ad comitia convocanda (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XCIV: Lex Arminia de ministris tribunorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de ministris tribunorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XCV: Lex Equitia Galeria de ordinariis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Equitia Galeria de ordinariis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XCVI: Lex Equitia de mutandis appellationibus duorum magistratuum minorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Equitia de mutandis appellationibus duorum magistratuum minorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XCVII: Lex Arminia Equitia de sanctitate= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia Equitia de sanctitate (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XCVIII: Lex Arminia de suffragiis in comitiis tributis= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Arminia de suffragiis in comitiis tributis (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | |||
+ | =XCIX: Lex Equitia de tirocinio civium novorum= | ||
+ | {{Include summary|:Lex Equitia de tirocinio civium novorum (Nova Roma)}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | <br> | ||
=C: Lex Equitia de civitate eiuranda= | =C: Lex Equitia de civitate eiuranda= |
Latest revision as of 10:08, 13 October 2020

Home| Latíné | Deutsch | Español | Français | Italiano | Magyar | Português | Română | Русский | English
This is a consolidated page of all leges, both past and present, for Nova Roma. The pages is a useful means to search efficiently through all the leges for a particular element or subject of interest.
I: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum
This lex is no longer valid : it was superseded by Lex Vedia de Ratione Comitiorum Populi Tributorum, MMDCCLIV. </div>
In accordance with paragraph III.D. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia de Ratione Comitiorum Populi Tributorum is hereby enacted to set forth the rules and procedures for debate and the taking of votes within the comitia populi tributa.
- I. A consul or praetor may call the comitia populi tributa to vote on a law, hear a legal case, or elect magistrates as described in paragraph III.D. of the Constitution of Nova Roma. The following procedure shall be used:
- A.The presiding magistrate (defined as the highest-ranked magistrate present who holds imperium shall, in a public forum (such as the official email list, the official web site, or other venues which shall be provided for the purpose) convene the comitia and publish one or more of the following, along with the deadline by which voting must be completed:
- 1.In the case of a law, the content of the rogationes (proposals to be voted upon). While each proposal must deal with only a single topic, multiple proposals may be considered and voted on by the comitia at the same time.
- 2.In the case of a magisterial election, the names of the candidates and the offices for which they stand.
- 3.In the case of a legal case, the charges, names of the litigants, and consequences facing the defendant.
- B.The people shall thenceforth engage in contio (discussion) of the various proposals, candidates, or merits of the case. This contio (period of discussion) shall last at least long enough for two nundinia (market days) to have passed during the interval. Within the first twenty-four hours after the convening of the comitia, the right of intercessio or nuntiatio may be exercised by those Constitutionally empowered to do so.
- C.Voting on the proposal shall begin the day following the publication of the proposal. The diribitores and custodes (election officials) shall tally the vote and present the result to the presiding magistrate. Voting shall be done by tribes; a plurality of the members of each tribe shall determine the vote of the tribe as a whole. A plurality of the tribes shall then decide the issue. The presiding magistrate shall then publish the result of the vote in at least the same forum as the original vote was called.
- II.Leges saturae, which are laws which deal with more than one topic, may not be enacted by the comitia populi tributa. Laws dealing with different aspects of the same topic shall not fall into this category.
[In accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris and praetorian edictum, the title "rogatores" here and elsewhere has been changed to those of "diribitores and custodes", who are now the election officials; the rogatores now assist the censores in registering new citizens. Since the censores do not deal with tallying votes or certifying elections {the duties of the diribitores and custodes respectively}, the phrase "with the assistance of the censors" has been removed].
The term 'trinundium,' which is a nonexistent word, has been replaced with 'contio,' which bears the intended meaning. It is unlikely that "trium nundinum," a genitive plural denoting a 24-day span, was intended. A. Tullia Scholastica, Latinista, Scriba praetoris et magistri aranei.
Learn more ...
II: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum
In accordance with paragraph III.C. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum is hereby enacted to set forth the rules and procedures for debate and the taking of votes within the comitia plebis tributa.
Learn more ...
III: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum
In accordance with paragraph III.B. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia de Ratione Comitiorum Centuriatorum is hereby enacted to set forth the rules and procedures for debate and the taking of votes within the comitia centuriata.
enough for three nundinia (market days) to have passed during the interval. Within the first twenty-four hours after the convening of the comitia, the right of intercessio or nuntiatio may be exercised by those Constitutionally empowered to do so.
Notes
As is the case with the two preceding laws, and others to follow, the term "rogator" has been replaced with those of "diribitores" and "custodes" in accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris and praetorian edictum. The rogatores now assist the censores in registering new citizens; the diribitores and custodes perform the duties of tallying votes and certifying elections formerly assigned to the rogatores. The censores do not participate in these functions, so the phrase "with the assistance of the censors" has also been removed.
The word "trinundium," which does not exist, has been replaced with the term "contio," for that is the intent as demonstrated by the comment in parentheses. It is unlikely that "trium nundinum," a genitive plural signifying a twenty-four day period, is meant by this.
Learn more ...
IV: Lex Vedia de ratione eligium
The Lex Vedia de ratione eligium [see note infra] is hereby enacted in order to provide guidance to the rogatores, censors, curator araneum, and presiding magistrates in the conduct of the voting process used by the comitia centuriata, comitia populi tributa, and comitia plebis tributa.
Learn more ...
V: Lex Vedia apparitoria
Lex Vedia apparitoria has put the bases of two categories of apparitors: the lictors, who are ceremonial ones, and the other ones whose missions are administrative ones. This last category contains the scribes and the consular assistants (accensi). Lex Arminia de ministris tribunorum has completed this building by the introduction of a special sub-class of scribes, the viatores, who are assigned to the only tribunes of the plebs.
In accordance with paragraph IV.A.8. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia Apparitoria is hereby enacted to create the following decuriae of apparitores and delineate their functions.
I. Decuria Lictoria
The decuria lictoria shall consist of lictores (lictors), who shall undertake those ceremonial functions as shall be assigned to them by the Senate, including, but not limited to, preceding those magistrates with Imperium at public functions and accompanying traveling Senators. Members of the decuria lictoria shall be appointed by magistrates holding Imperium.
II. Decuria Lictoria Curiata
The decuria lictoria curiata shall consist of the thirty lictores curiati (lictors of the comitia curiata) who shall make up the comitia curiata, and who shall undertake those ceremonial functions as shall be assigned to them by the collegium pontificum. Members of the decuria lictoria curiata shall be appointed by the collegium pontificum.
III. Decuria Scribarum
The decuria scribarum shall consist of scribae (clerks), who shall undertake those administrative and other functions as shall be assigned to them by the magistrate or provincial governor they are assisting. Members of the decuria scribarum shall be appointed by those magistrates with the Constitutional authority to appoint scribae.
IV. Decuria Accensorum
The decuria accensorum shall consist of accensi (personal assistants), who shall undertake those administrative and other functions as shall be assigned to them by the consul whom they assist. Members of the decuria accensorum shall be appointed by the consuls.
V. Viatores tribunorum
(introduced by lex Arminia de ministris tribunorum [1])
Learn more ...
VI: Lex Vedia de vigintisexviris
In accordance with paragraph IV.A.8. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia de Vigintisexviris is hereby enacted to create the following positions within the Vigintisexviri and delineate their functions.
I. Magister Aranearius
The magister aranearius (overseer of the web) shall be responsible for the design, expansion, and maintenance of the official web site(s) sponsored by the State. The magister aranearius shall solicit input from the other magistrates regarding content for the web site related to their offices, if any, and shall have the authority to appoint his own scribae, should he deem it necessary. Should the position be vacant, and suitable and willing candidates available, an election shall be held within thirty days in the comitia populi tributa; otherwise the Senate shall have the authority to appoint a magister aranearius pro tempore until such an election can be held.
II. Curator Sermonis
[rescinded 5 June 2755] The curator sermonis (overseer of the conversation) shall be responsible for the maintenance and moderation of the official email discussion list(s) sponsored by the State. The curator sermonis shall have the authority to appoint his own scribae, should he deem it necessary. Should the position be vacant, and suitable and willing candidates available, an election shall be held within thirty days in the comitia populi tributa; otherwise the Senate shall have the authority to appoint a curator sermonis pro tempore until such an election can be held.
III. Editor Commentariorum
The editor commentariorum (overseer of the news) shall be responsible for the production, publication, and distribution of the official publications sponsored by the State. The editor commentariorum shall have the authority to appoint his own scribae, should he deem it necessary. Should the position be vacant, and suitable and willing candidates available, an election shall be held within thirty days in the comitia populi tributa; otherwise the Senate shall have the authority to appoint a curator sermonis pro tempore until such an election can be held.
IV. Diribitores
Two diribitores (voting officials) shall be responsible for the administration of elections and the recording of votes among the curia. The diribitores shall have the authority to appoint their own scribae, should they deem it necessary. Should one or both positions be vacant, and suitable and willing candidates available, an election shall be held within thirty days in the comitia populi tributa; otherwise, the Senate shall have the authority to appoint diribitores pro tempore until such an election can be held. Inasmuch as they, by definition, are privy to the details of the election process, they may not run for any office while they serve in office (including running for diribitor again).
The added position of 'custos' may also fall under the prohibition in section IV as they are also election officials performing part of the duties formerly assigned to the rogatores. The position of 'Curator sermonis' was abolished by previous legislation.
A. Tullia Scholastica, Latinista, Scriba praetoris et magistri aranei
Learn more ...
VII: Lex Vedia senatoria
In accordance with paragraph IV.A.2.c. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia Senatoria is hereby enacted to establish the guidelines by which the censors may add names to the list of Senators which they maintain.
Enacted by Dictator Flavius Vedius Germanicus's edictum, a.d. III Kal. Sext. MMDCCLII (30 July 1999), and duly validated by senatus consultum, pridie Idus MMDCCLII, by 7x1 (12 Aug. 1999).
This Lex was repealed by lex Popillia senatoria, Kal. Ian. MMDCCLIX (01 Jan. 2006)
Learn more ...
VIII: Lex Vedia tributaria
Enacted by Dictator Flavius Vedius Germanicus's edictum, a.d. III Kal. Sext. MMDCCLII (30 July 1999),
and duly validated by senatus consultum, pridie Idus MMDCCLII, by 7x1 (12 Aug. 1999).
In accordance with paragraph II.E.1. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia Tributaria is hereby enacted to instruct the censors in the matter of the division of the voting citizenry of Nova Roma into their respective tribes.
I. The censors shall apportion individuals among the rural tribes as evenly as possible by the assigning of newly enrolled citizens into those tribes that are numerically deficient.
II. The censors may, if possible, assign members to tribes based on geography, but such considerations shall be secondary to the goal of maintaining equal membership in the tribes.
III. No citizen shall be removed from one tribe to be included in another, save those who are transferred to the urban tribes by their failure to vote in the annual magisterial elections.
IV. Members of the urban tribes who subsequently vote in the annual magisterial elections and therefore have the right to be returned to one of the rural tribes, shall be assigned to such a tribe based on section I of this law, and will not necessarily be returned to their original tribe.
V. Membership in the tribes shall be a matter of public record, and shall be published by the censors annually no later than the last day of November.
Learn more ...
IX: Lex Vedia centuriata
In accordance with paragraph II.E.2. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia Centuriata is hereby enacted to instruct the censors in the matter of the division of the voting citizenry of Nova Roma into their respective centuries.
I. The voting citizenry of Nova Roma shall be divided by the censors into 193 centuries. These centuries shall be further divided into five classes, as follows:
II. The class to which a citizen belongs shall depend on his or her participation in the public affairs of the State. Citizens who have shown a greater commitment to public service shall be rewarded by placement in a higher-ranked class.
A. The censors shall re-calculate the placement of citizens into their respective centuries no later than the last day of November each year, and new citizens shall be entered into their respective centuries as they join.
B. The record of public service of each citizen shall be quantified according to the following rules. (Except for points awarded for term of citizenship, points shall be awarded cumulatively, but shall not carry over from year to year).
Century points will be recalculated for all citizens. Points will be awarded for all relevant events in each citizen's records based upon the values established in this lex.
B.1. MAGISTRATVS ORDINARII If a magistrate only serves part of his term as a suffectus or resigns his/her office while in office, Past Service points will be awarded partially. This will be based on two-month increments rounding down. Current Service points will be awarded for the period remaining, also based on two-month increments rounding down.
Censor: 30 CP 15 CP (past service)
Consul: 30 CP 15 CP (past service)
Praetor and Tribunus Plebis: 20 CP 10 CP (past service)
Aedilis Curulis 14 CP 7 CP (past service)
Aedilis Plebis: 12 CP 6 CP (past service)
Quaestor and Vigintisexvir: 10 CP 5 CP (past service)
B.2. MAGISTRATVS EXTRAORDINARII
Dictator: 30 CP 15 CP (past service)
Interrex: 6 CP 3 CP (past service)
B.3. APPARITORES Citizens may hold more than one position in a magistrate's staff, but get points for the highest one only.
Accensus: 5 CP 2 CP (past service)
Scriba: 5 CP 2 CP (past service)
B.4. PROVINCIAL POSITIONS Citizens may hold more than one provincial position, but get points for the highest one only. The ranks and titles of officials included in each rank are defined by each governor. The LEX VEDIA PROVINCIALIS (now a part of the Constitution) was "enacted to enable governors and the Senate more flexibility in establishing and maintaining the administrative institutions and mechanisms of provinciae." The main idea of this part of this law is also founded on flexibility. No limit is set for each rank of officials, except for the first rank officials.
Governor: 20 CP 10 CP (past service)
1st rank Official (one per provincia): 8 CP 4 CP (past service)
2nd rank Official: 6 CP 3 CP (past service)
3rd rank Official: 4 CP 2 CP (past service)
4th rank Official: 2 CP 1 CP (past service)
Provincial Sacerdos: 14 CP
B.5. SACERDOTES
Pontifex Maximus, Rex/Regina Sacrorum, Flamen Maior, Vestal Maxima: 30 CP
Pontifex, Flamen Minor, Augur, Vestal: 20 CP
Other Sacerdotes: 20 CP
B.6. OTHER POSITIONS
Senator: 20 CP
Pater Patriae: 10 CP
The Senate shall have the authority to issue points for special appointed positions, as well as rewards for special services performed on behalf of the State. Such rewards must be announced at the time of the appointment, and may not be awarded retroactively.
B.7. SODALITATES POSITIONS (officially sanctioned sodalitates only) Citizens may hold more than one sodalitas position, but get points for the highest one only. The positions and titles of officials included in each rank are defined by each Head.
Head of a Sodalitas 10 CP
Person of High Authority: 6 CP
Person of Minor Authority: 3 CP
B.8. ORDINES AND CANDIDATURES
Ordines: Ordo Patricius - 10 CP Ordo Plebeius - 5 CP Ordo Equester - 7 CP, which is in addition to those already awarded for membership in the Patrician or Plebeian orders.
Length of citizenship: Less than 6 months - 2 CP More than 6 months - 5 CP More than 12 months - 10 CP Each year after 1 year - + 10 CP (up to 50)
Unsuccesssfully run for office: 2 CP
It is not possible to accumulate century points by unsuccessfully running for more than one office per year.
C. The Senate shall have the authority to issue points for special appointed positions, as well as rewards for special services performed on behalf of the State. Such rewards must be announced at the time of the appointment, and may not be awarded retroactively.
D. The entire list of citizens shall be divided as evenly as possible into five classes, based on their accumulated points from the above schedule, with those with higher point totals being enrolled in Class I and those with the lowest point totally being enrolled in Class V.
E. Citizens within each class shall be divided as evenly as possible among the centuries in that class.
III. Membership in the centuries shall be a matter of public record, and shall be published annually by the censors no later than the last day of November.
Notes
(1). Lex Fabia specified, before its modification of the II.B. provisions:
"In accordance with paragraph II. E. 2. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Fabia Centuriata is hereby enacted to instruct the Censors in the matter of the division of the voting citizenry of Nova Roma into their respective centuries. This Lex Fabia replaces the item II. B of the Lex Vedia Centuriata, enacted in 30 Jul. 2752. The Lex Iunia Centuriata, approved in 22 Dec. 2752, is hereby rescinded. The law will take effect on the 1st of January 2757 auc. Item II. B shall be read as follows:"
(2). The initial version of II.B. was:
"The record of public service of each citizen shall be quantified according to the following schedule (except for points awarded for term of citizenship, points shall be awarded cumulatively, but shall not carry over from year to year):
Learn more ...
X: Lex Vedia de ratione edictorum
The Lex Vedia de Ratione Edictorum is hereby enacted to provide guidelines for the issuance of magisterial edicta, as provided for in the Constitution.
I. As described in the Constitution, the activities of magistrates in the furtherance of their official activities shall, in large part, take place through the issuance of edicta (edicts). While edicta may be issued and acted upon under the authority of the issuing magistrate, edicta shall be published in at least one of the following public fora within 72 hours of their issuance: the officially sponsored email list or the officially sponsored Internet message board. Such edicta shall be posted in the aerarium Saturni by the magister aranearius as soon as practical.
II. Edicta are subject to intercessio (veto) by those legally empowered to do so by the constitution. Such intercessio may be issued as soon as the edictum has been issued, but no longer than 72 hours after its publication as described in section I, above.
(30 July 1999), and duly validated by senatus consultum, pridie Idus MMDCCLII, by 7x1
(12 Aug. 1999).
Notes
In accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris, the title 'curator araneum' has been replaced by 'magister aranearius.'
A. Tullia Scholastica, Latinista, Scriba praetoris et magistri aranei, 2758.
Learn more ...
XI: Lex Iunia spatia consulatuum circumscribenda
This law shall regulate the amount of times a person may hold the office of consul during a specified time period.
I. No person shall hold the office of consul for two years consecutively, or in any five year period, hold the office of consul more than twice.
Approved by the comitia centuriata, a.d. XIV Kal. Oct. MMDCCLII (18 Sept. 1999)
Repealed by Lex Cornelia de definitione intervallorum magistratuum, , a.d. III Kal. Mart. MMDCCLV (27 February 2002)
Learn more ...
XII: Lex Iunia Cornelia de patrumfamiliarum matrumfamiliarumque aetate
This law shall regulate the minimum age at which a citizen may become the paterfamilias or materfamilias of a new Nova Roman gens.
1. Any person 15-17 years of age may not form a new gens and become its paterfamilias or materfamilias. He or she must join an existing gens until the age of 18.
2. If, for whatever reason, an under age citizen is the sole remaining person in his or her gens, then that person will be considered, within Nova Roma, sui iuris (free of the authority of a paterfamilias or materfamilias) and able to assume the position of paterfamilias or materfamilias and the leadership of his or her gens.
3. All citizens aged 15-17 who, at the time of the passage of this law, already hold the position of paterfamilias or materfamilias of a gens shall be exempt from its provisions.
4. Under extraordinary circumstances, an exemption to this law may be granted to an individual by the approval of both censors and a special senatus consultum approved by a two thirds majority vote.
5. The censors shall be charged with the enforcement of this law as part of their duty of reviewing and processing new citizenship applications and requests to form new gentes.
Approved by the comitia centuriata, a.d. XIV Kal. Oct. MMDCCLII (19 October 1999)
Repealed by Lex Equitia familiaris, Non. Oct. MMDCCLVII (07 October 2004)
Learn more ...
XIII: Lex Iunia de iusiurando
<onlyinclude> "I, (enter the legal and Roman names here) do hereby solemnly swear to uphold the honor of Nova Roma, and to act always in the best interests of the people and the Senate of Nova Roma.
As a magistrate of Nova Roma, I, (enter the Roman name here) swear to honor the Gods and Goddesses of Rome in my public dealings, and to pursue the Roman Virtues in my public and private life.
I, (enter legal the Roman name here) swear to uphold and defend the Religio Romana as the State Religion of Nova Roma and swear never to act in a way that would threaten its status as the State Religion.
I, (enter legal the Roman name here) swear to protect and defend the Constitution of Nova Roma.
I, (enter legal the Roman name here) further swear to fulfill the obligations and responsibilities of the office of (enter the title of the office here) to the best of my abilities.
On my honor as a Citizen of Nova Roma, and in the presence of the Gods and Goddesses of the Roman people and by their will and favor, do I accept the position of (enter title of office here) and all the rights, privileges, obligations, and responsibilities attendant thereto."
Learn more ...
XIV: Lex Iunia centuriata
This "Lex Iunia Centuriata" replaces paragraph I of the "Lex Vedia centuriata". The passage of the former leaves the remainder of the latter valid.
The new paragraph I of Lex Vedia centuriata is thus the following one:
"Whenever a consul or praetor convenes the comitia centuriata, the censores are to issue an edict specifying how many centuries are to be allocated to the classes. By all such edicts, the centuries will be allocated to five classes such that Class I will have the greatest number of centuries, and Class V the least".
Approved by the comitia centuriata, a.d. XIV Kal. Nov. MMDCCLII (19 October 1999) Repealed by Lex Octavia altera de comitiis centuriatis, a.d. III Non. Aug. MMDCCLV (03 August 2002)
Learn more ...
XV: Lex Cornelia de tempore publico constituendo
This law is enacted in order to provide Nova Roma with a standard time that all of its citizens may refer to, regardless of location in the world.
"For all purposes, the time in Rome shall be regarded as the official time of Nova Roma: official purposes that require the use of this standard time include but are not limited to, the time at which voting in one of the comitia begins and ends, the time at which a newly appointed magistrate officially acquires his/her office, and the time at which a magisterial edict takes effect. Magistrates are advised to use official Nova Roman time in all official announcements."
Learn more ...
XVI: Lex Grylla de magistratibus plebis creandis
This law is hereby enacted to organize the plebeian magistracies in case of lack of candidacies for the annual elections :
If no candidates for Tribunus Plebis or Aedilis Plebis declare in December, the Senate must provide for those magistrates by either of the following methods:
Learn more ...
XVII: Lex Cornelia de privatis rebus
Confidential information will consist of the following:
"Directly" in this law means that the citizen or applicant himself voluntarily communicates the information to its recipient; "indirectly" means communication of citizens' confidential information by any other means.
The censores, the magister aranearius, and the Curator Sermonum are to be the only individuals who have access to this information. However, in the event that another magistrate may need some of the information, s/he is either to obtain such information directly from the citizens whose information s/he seeks, or apply to the censores to obtain that information indirectly.
Only magistrates, or their lawfully appointed assistants, of Nova Roma may receive confidential information from the censores, except in the case of a formal request for such information from a law enforcement agent or other non-Nova Roman entity empowered under municipal law. In the event of such an extra-Nova Roma formal request, citizens whose information is sought are to be notified of all circumstances relevant to the request. All other indirect transmission or communication of Nova Roman citizens' confidential information is strictly prohibited.
In the case of a consular application to the censores for confidential information, refusal entitles the applying consul to require full public disclosure from the censores of the reasoning for the refusal, excluding any specific confidential information as defined within this law, of the reasoning for the refusal. Such disclosure is to be posted to the Nova Roma e-mail list and message board within 24 hours of the applying consul's request. In addition to the above, if a magistrate is denied information by the censors, he shall have the recourse of an appeal to the senate, which will have the power to override the censors' denial by a two-thirds majority vote.
This law is hereby enacted to precise the status of confidential private information inside Nova Roma republic
The name of the newsletter, "Eagle," has been changed to "Aquila," and converted into open online form, to 2759 auc. The Onelist mailing list has been replaced by the Yahoo! "main list" group mailing list.
In accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris, the title "curator araneum" has been changed to "magister aranearius." The office of "curator sermonum," {more properly, "curator sermonis"} had been abolished previously; this function is now performed by the praetores.
A. Tullia Scholastica, Latinista, Scriba praetoris et magistri aranei.
The present law has been amended by Lex Vedia de privatis rebus, 24 August 2754 (see the list of Nova Roma laws).
Learn more ...
XVIII: Lex Iunia de magistratuum aetate
This law shall regulate the minimum age a person may hold specific magistracies.
I. No person may assume the office of censor or consul until he or she has reached the age of 27.
II. No person may assume the office of praetor or tribune of the plebs until he or she has reached the age of 25.
III. No person may assume the office of quaestor, aedile, or be appointed to the position of provincial governor, until he or she has reached the age of 21.
IV. No person shall assume any office of the Vigintisexviri until he or she has reached the age of 21.
V. This law shall regulate only those people who assume any of the aforementioned offices after January 2, 2000 C.E. Any person holding one of the aforementioned positions at the time of the passage of this law or currently running for one of the regulated positions shall be exempt from its provisions for the remainder of his or her current term.
VI. An exemption to this law may be granted to a person by the approval of both censors and a senatus consultum approved by a two thirds majority vote.
Learn more ...
XIX: Lex Iunia Cornelia de ratione suffragiorum
This law will modify the section III.C. of the Lex Vedia de Ratione Eligium to read as the following: III.C. Within 48 hours of the deadline for voting, the rogatores shall tally the votes and shall deliver the results to the magistrate who called the comitia to order and his collegial magistrate. Only the aggregate votes of the tribes and/or centuries (as appropriate) shall be delivered; the votes of individual citizens shall be secret. The magistrates shall announce the results of the vote within 24 hours of receipt, in at least the same fora as the initial announcement was made.
Learn more ...
XX: Lex Iunia centuriata secunda
This law shall modify paragraph II.B. of the Lex Vedia Centuriata by eliminating the line:
"5 Vigintisexviri or apparitores, current"
and inserting the following lines:
"10 Vigintisexviri, current
5 Vigintisexviri, past (each)
5 Apparitores"
Learn more ...
XXI: Lex Iunia Cornelia provincialis
This lex changes Article V Section C. of the Constitution to state:
Learn more ...
XXII: Lex Fabia de epistulis interretialibus
If a citizen receives messages by e-mail or instant message from fellow citizens that are of a disturbing nature he or she is entitled to ask the sender to stop.
If the sender does not stop immediately when asked to so, he is breaking Roman law and subject to punishment.
"Disturbing nature" in this instance is content that makes the recipient uncomfortable. It may be, but not restricted to, messages that are sexual in nature, derogatory, or hateful.
Harassed Citizen's Response
Under Roman law citizens are given protection by Government. The citizen must summon the Praetors, and inform them of the offense. This can be done by e-mail, or over the telephone.
The Investigative Procedure
Documenting the offense.
The Investigation.
Penalties
Confirmed first time offenders are given a warning by the Praetor. However the transgression is to be reported by the investigating Praetor to the censores who will be note such in that citizen's record. This information will be made available to any magistrate by the censors for later investigation if warranted.
If a second transgression occurs, the accused faces a trial if the Praetor considers one to be necessary. If found guilty, punishment is mandatory. This will be expulsion from the Nova Roma list for a certain time, or fines. Notification to the authorities of the guilty citizen's country will also be considered. Following the precepts of the Vedian Constitution, habitual offenders will be permanently banished from Nova Roma after a trial by the Comitia Centuriata, following the precepts of the Vedian Constitution.
The Appeal
The accused has the right to appeal the Praetor's decision concerning any expulsion and request a trial before the committee. If found guilty by the committee, the Praetor will then impose the punishment.
Learn more ...
XXIII: Lex Minucia de rogatoribus
Paragraph IV. of the Lex Vedia de Vigintisexviris is hereby amended to read as follows:
Four rogatores (voting officials) shall be responsible for the administration of elections and the recording of votes among the curia. Each rogator shall have the authority to appoint his own scribae, should he deem it necessary. Should one or more positions be vacant, and suitable and willing candidates are available, an election shall be held within thirty days in the comitia populi tributa; otherwise the Senate shall have the authority to appoint rogatores pro tempore until such an election can be held. The lack of a full complement of, or the active participation of, four rogatores shall not in and of itself be sufficient to invalidate or postpone a particular election, and the rogatores may divide their duties amongst themselves as they see fit and is practical. Inasmuch as they, by definition, are privy to the details of the election process, the rogatores may not run for any office while they serve in office (including running for rogator again).
[The Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris of 2757 supersedes this. Since it took effect in January 2758, there have been two rogatores, who are responsible for new citizen registration under the direction of the censor(es). The election-related duties formerly assigned to the rogatores are now divided between the diribitores, who count votes, and the custodes, who break ties and certify elections.]
[A. Tullia Scholastica, scriba praetoris et magistri araneari, 2758].
Approved by Comitia Populi Tributa, a.d. III Non. Feb. MMDCCLIV (03 February 2001) Repealed by Lex Equitia de vigintisexviris, Id. Oct. MMDCCLVII (07 October 2004)
Learn more ...
XXIV: Lex Vedia de magistratuum aetate
Paragraph VI. of the lex Iunia de magistratuum aetate is hereby amended to read as follows:
An exemption to this law may be granted to a person by the approval of both censors and a senatus consultum approved by a two-thirds majority vote. Such an exemption must be sought prior to the official start of the election in question, and must be granted in order to participate as a formal candidate in the election process. A failure to act on the question of an exemption shall not constitute a tacit approval of the exemption.
Note by Praetor C. Aemilius Crassus: This Lex was implicitly repealed by Lex Cornelia de cursu honorum. Id. Sep. ‡ L. Sulla (III) cos. sine collega ‡ MMDCCLXVI a.u.c.
Learn more ...
XXV: Lex Vedia de ratione automataria
Paragraph III.C. of the Lex Vedia de Ratione Suffragiorum is hereby amended to read as follows:
Within 48 hours of the deadline for voting, the diribitores shall tally the votes and shall deliver the results to the magistrate who called the comitia to order and his collegial magistrate. Votes may be tallied by automated means should the diribitores determine such is preferable to, and at least as accurate as, a manual count. Only the aggregate votes of the tribes and/or centuries (as appropriate) shall be delivered; the votes of individual citizens shall be secret. The magistrates shall announce the results of the vote within 24 hours of receipt, in at least the same fora as the initial announcement was made.
The Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris of 2757 transferred the election-related duties formerly assigned to the rogatores and distributed them between the diribitores and the custodes; now the rogatores are registrars of new citizens working in conjunction with the censor(es). In accordance with this law and praetorian edictum, the title rogator originally in this law has been replaced with that of diribitor.
A. Tullia Scholastica, scriba praetoris et magistri araneari, 2758.
Learn more ...
XXVI: Lex Vedia de civitatis petitionibus per suffragia
I. No applications for Citizenship are to be processed or approved while one or more of the Comitia is in the process of undertaking a vote and/or election. Such applications may be accepted and held until the end of the election and/or vote in question, whereupon they are to be processed with all due diligence and speed, subject to all other laws which may otherwise apply to the process.
II. During the time when applications for citizenship are not processed as described under this law, the magister aranearius shall post an announcement where individuals completing the application for citizenship may reasonably be expected to see it, explaining the situation and giving a reasonable estimate of when the prospective citizens may expect to have their applications processed.
[In accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris of 2757 and praetorian edictum, the title "curator araneum" has been replaced by the more correct "magister aranearius." A. Tullia Scholastica, scriba praetoris et magistri araneari, 2758].
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa, Yes: 31; No: 1; Tied: 1
03 February MMDCCLIV
Learn more ...
XXVII: Lex Vedia altera de ratione edictorum
The last sentence of paragraph I. of the Lex Vedia de Ratione Edictium is hereby amended to read as follows:
Such edicta shall be posted in the Tabularium by the Curator Araneum as soon as practical.
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa, Yes: 31; No: 1; Abstain: 1
03 February MMDCCLIV
Learn more ...
XXVIII: Lex Vedia de cursu honorum
In accordance with paragraph IV. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, this Lex Vedia de Cursu Honorum is hereby enacted to establish qualifications for holding magistracies. These qualifications are intended to bring Nova Roma closer in line with the ancient Cursus Honorum.
I. No individual may assume the office of Censor, Consul, or Praetor, who has not previously completed at least six months of a term as one of the ordinarii (not including the Apparitores) or as provincial governor. Such individuals may run for office prior to completion of this requirement, but must complete it prior to actually assuming the office itself. Individuals who resign their positions prior to the normal end of their term in office may not use that term to satisfy this requirement, regardless of how much time they spent in office.
II. No individual may assume the office of one of the ordinarii who has not been a registered citizen in good standing for at least six months. Such individuals may run for office prior to completion of this requirement, but must complete it prior to actually assuming the office itself.
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa, Yes-18 tribes; No-9; Tied-5
26 February MMDCCLIV
Learn more ...
XXIX: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum
This lex is no longer valid : it was superseded by Lex Vedia de Ratione Comitiorum Populi Tributorum, MMDCCLIV.
In accordance with paragraph III.D. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia de Ratione Comitiorum Populi Tributorum is hereby enacted to set forth the rules and procedures for debate and the taking of votes within the comitia populi tributa.
[In accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris and praetorian edictum, the title "rogatores" here and elsewhere has been changed to those of "diribitores and custodes", who are now the election officials; the rogatores now assist the censores in registering new citizens. Since the censores do not deal with tallying votes or certifying elections {the duties of the diribitores and custodes respectively}, the phrase "with the assistance of the censors" has been removed].
The term 'trinundium,' which is a nonexistent word, has been replaced with 'contio,' which bears the intended meaning. It is unlikely that "trium nundinum," a genitive plural denoting a 24-day span, was intended. A. Tullia Scholastica, Latinista, Scriba praetoris et magistri aranei.
Learn more ...
XXX: Lex Labiena de iure edicendi vigintisexvirorum
I. Pursuant to section IV.A.8 of the Constitution, which allows the Vigintisexviri to be defined and assigned functions by law, it is recognized that it is constitutional and lawful to assign to these magistrates those powers that are reasonable and necessary to perform those functions.
II. Therefore, the Vigintisexviri are hereby given the power to issue edicta, subject to the following restrictions.
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa, Yes-30; No-0; Tied-2; Abstain-1
07 April MMDCCLIV
Learn more ...
XXXI: Lex Labiena de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum
Learn more ...
XXXII: Lex Cornelia et Maria de civitate eiuranda
1. Resignation of citizenship from Nova Roma, as stated in paragraph II.A.4. of the constitution of Nova Roma, is effected by notification to the censores, or by declaration before three or more witnesses. Messages posted to e-mail lists or to electronic message boards, or statements of intent to resign citizenship made "live" meet the requirement for three witnesses to a resignation if and only if three witnesses to the resignation notify the Censors thereof within 72 hours of the initial proclamation. Individuals wishing to resign their citizenship may contact the censors directly and obviate the need for witnesses.
2. When a citizen resigns citizenship in Nova Roma, the resignation will not take effect for nine days from the date of the censors being notified, counting inclusively of the date of the notification. If the citizen desires to withdraw his or her resignation during this nundinum and remain a citizen, that citizen may freely do so without penalty, except as defined in the next paragraph. The citizen can withdraw the resignation by notifying the censores of his/her desire to withdraw the resignation by at least the same channel that he/she used to submit the resignation. For example, if a citizen submits a message to the e-mail address of the censores, currently censors@novaroma.org, stating that he/she resigns, then the citizen must e-mail the Censores by the same address to withdraw the resignation.
3. If a currently serving magistrate submits and withdraws multiple resignations of citizenship within the same calendar year, the censores will have grounds, after a closed hearing at which the magistrate will have the opportunity to present reasoning for his/her actions, to issue an edictum against the magistrate rendering him/her ineligible to run for elected office for one year. Should the magistrate believe that he/she has a case for appeal of such an edictum, he/she can appeal to a Tribunus Plebis, Praetor or Consul within 30 days of issuance of the edictum as follows:
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa, Yes-25; No-10;
20 May MMDCCLIV
Learn more ...
XXXIII: Lex Cornelia et Maria de mutandis nominibus
I. Introduction
A. This law is set forth to define the procedures by which a citizen may apply to add, alter, or substitute any portion of his or her Roman name, and to state the guidelines by which such an application may be judged. This is done in order to attain a measure of conformity with ancient Roman naming conventions and tradition. Note that this law, and its procedures and guidelines, apply to changes sought by citizens after the publication of this law, and do not apply to citizens' existing names, although the information herein will certainly be of use to new citizens choosing a Roman name.
B. This law has no impact on chatroom handles, signatures to private or casual e-mail messages, or any other alias that any citizen may choose to use. Rather, 'Roman name' for the purposes of this law refers to the name used by the citizen in public oaths, applications to sodalitates and in other official contexts; this Roman name is the one recorded in the censorial album civium.
C. Note that the use of the male gender throughout this document is done solely for clarity, and is not meant to imply any disparity between the sexes before the law.
D. Also note that this document uses the word sex to describe the physical sex of a person and the word gender to refer to linguistic gender only.
E. It is not the intent of this law to discriminate against or to make any judgment about homosexuality, transgenderedness, or any other sexual identity. No such discrimination should be inferred from any part of this document, nor should it be used as a precedent for any law, magisterial act, edictum, or other action that interferes with the rights of any citizen on the basis of that citizen's sexual identity.
F. The Edictum Censorium de Mutandis Nominibus is hereby rescinded in favor of this lex.
II. Definition of a Roman Name
A. A Roman name consists of a praenomen, nomen, (optionally) cognomen, and (possibly) an agnomen, and, in rare cases, several agnomina.
B. The praenomen is a citizen's given name, and is used to distinguish between members of a particular gens. Since there are very few historical praenomina, and since the role of the praenomen is almost entirely secondary, a citizen is rarely referred to by praenomen alone.
C. The nomen identifies a citizen's gens. Since a change in the stem of a citizen's nomen would necessitate a change in gens -- a case of either adoptio or the founding of a new gens -- it is beyond the scope of this law.
D. The cognomen was originally a nickname. It is used to further identify members within a gens, who could easily be identically named due to the paucity of praenomina. Over time, the cognomen became inherited, and was used to identify specific family lines within a single gens. Changes to adopt certain names as cognomina are restricted, as set forth in paragraphs E and F below. Note that these restrictions do not apply in any way to cognomina under which citizens have already received citizenship.
E. An agnomen is an additional form of nickname that is commonly bestowed upon a citizen by others, often to commemorate significant accomplishments or important events in the citizen's life. While it is possible for a citizen to add a new agnomen or change an existing one by request, agnomina of distinction must be awarded by a senator, curule magistrate, or pontifex in recognition of service to Nova Roma. Official recognition of such awarded agnomina of distinction is completed by the censors' entering the agnomina in the album civium. Following each such entry by the censores, the latter will provide the magister aranearius with the full Roman name of the distinguished citizen and an explanation of the circumstances and reasons surrounding the award of the agnomen, that the magister aranearius may publish this information to the Nova Roma website as he sees fit.
F. Agnomina of distinction include, but are not limited to, the following: Augur, Augustus, Felix, Invictus, Magnus, Maximus, Optimus, Pius, Superbus, Victor. Note that these restrictions do not apply in any way to agnomina under which citizens have already received citizenship.
G. EXAMPLE: Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos would be Quintus of the Metellus branch of gens Caecilia. His family would be referred to as the Caecilii Metelli, in order to distinguish them from the other families within gens Caecilia. His agnomen, Nepos, distinguishes him from any other Quintus of the Caecilii Metelli. As nepos means grandson, it also most likely distinguishes him as the third in a line of like-named people.
III. Procedures
A. A citizen wishing to change his name shall first contact his paterfamilias and present his reasons for desiring a name change, as well as the desired name. The paterfamilias will in turn contact the censores should he approve of the name change, or should he find that he requires help in determining whether or not to approve the change.
B. Patresfamiliarum are instructed to work cooperatively with members of their gens who desire to change their names in order to help them conform to the letter and spirit of this document.
C. Should a paterfamilias disapprove of a citizen's desired name change, refusing to present it to the censores, said citizen may appeal to the censores within ninety (90) days of the refusal.
D. A paterfamilias who wishes to change his name shall apply to the censores directly.
E. Should an applicant fail to obtain a name change from the censores, he may, within ninety (90) days of the refusal, appeal to a consul or praetor to bring the matter before the people through a vote in the Comitia Populi Tributa.
1. Note that such an action requires the citizen who desires the change to temporarily waive his rights of confidentiality as defined in Lex Cornelia de Privatis Rebus, in order that evidence for and against the application may be presented to the populace.
2. Also note that the decision to convene the Comitia Populi Tributa, along with the schedule for doing so, is the purview of the consules and praetores, and is therefore beyond the scope of this edict.
IV. Guidelines
A. An application for a name change is confidential. The requested name, along with any and all evidence presented with it, is considered confidential information as covered by the Lex Cornelia de Privatis Rebus. Censores, patresfamiliarum, and anyone called to provide testimony by any party in the procedure are not to divulge any information applicable to the name change to anyone without the applicant's written permission, except as directed by this law. Such exceptions include the following:
1. A paterfamilias providing relevant information upon referring a request for a new name to the censores.
2. A paterfamilias or other citizen providing relevant information upon a censor, consul, or praetor's request, as in the case of an appeal of a denied application.
3. A citizen presenting evidence before the Comitia Populi Tributa in the case of an appeal to those comitia.
B. The guiding principle in considering name changes is to be conformity with ancient Roman tradition.
1. New praenomina should be historically attested ones.
2. As previously stated, agnomina of distinction (Maximus, Felix, et cetera) are not to be granted to citizens on request, but can be awarded to any citizen by any senator, curule magistrate, or pontifex in recognition of any special service to the Republic. It is up to the patresfamiliarum and censores to determine what is and is not an agnomen of distinction on a case-by-case basis.
3. Cognomina and agnomina can be new coinages, but must be conducive to Latin declension, and must have a clear meaning -- both semantically and in specific relation to the citizen requesting the added or changed name.
4. The gender of the name is to be consistent. Each part is to agree with all others in gender, and with the sex of the citizen requesting the name change. (1)
C. A citizen who wishes to change the gender of his name counter to that dictated by his sex must present, in support of his application, proof of acceptance of the contrary sex by an authority of a macronation state, or municipality. In other words, if the applicant is physically a man and has a form of macronational or municipal identification listing his sex as female, or is officially recognized as a woman in his country of macronational citizenship, then he may use a feminine name in Nova Roma.
1. An exception to this rule is allowed in the case of transsexual citizens who are discussing surgical sex alteration with a health care provider or undergoing other medical and psychological treatment in preparation for such an operation. In these instances, documentation pertaining to health care provider(s) may be required of the applicant.
2. Post-operative transsexual citizens shall be named according to their current sex.
3. Hermaphrodites shall be named according to the sex in which they are recognized by their country of macronational citizenship.
Notes
(1). The end of paragraph IV, and specially IV.4., has been changed by lex Labiena de nominibus mutandis (24 Sept. 2756 auc).
Learn more ...
XXXIV: Lex Vedia de assiduis et capite censis
Lex Vedia de assiduis et capite censis defines the two major categories of citizens: the ones who pay their annual tax to Nova Roma budget (even the law below does not set the principle of the annuality), and the others. The first ones are called assidui (sing. assiduus, fem. assidua), and the second ones capite censi (sing. capite census, fem. capite censa). This last expression meaning "recorded as a head (body, person)", the word capite does not vary, for it means "as a head".
The first modification of lex Vedia has been brought by a lex Cornelia which has specified how a cives could have her/his status change from capite census/-a to assiduus/-a.
The second train of modifications has been brought by lex Apula, which has first put in the field of the "legislation" what was before in the Senate's competency: the amount and the proceedings to pay the taxes. Second, lex Apula has authorized the possible removal from office and seat of senators and ordinarii, on one hand, and on the other of "members of the Collegium Pontificum, priests and sacerdotes", who would, having not paid their tax(-es), would become de facto capite censi. The difference between both sub-categories concerns the authority who may takes the removal decision: one of both censors for the first one, the pontifex maximus for the second one.
The last modification of lex Vedia has been brought indirectly via an amendment to lex Apula: Vedia-Cornelia-Apula de assiduis etc. has been added in May 2762 auc a new § II.B, which grants the status of assiduae to every Vestal virgins and exempts them from tax paying.
I. Lex Vedia modified by Apula de assiduis et capite censis is hereby enacted to define the classifications of taxpayers and non-taxpayers, and put in place special conditions on those who are unable or unwilling to support the financial welfare of the Republic through payment of those taxes which may be enacted by the Senate.
II.
A. Citizens who pay taxes in such amount and in such manner as may be defined by the current legislation [(in italics: mod. by lex Apula de assiduis et capite censis Dec. 09, 2758, appr. by SC Dec. 31, 2758. The Vedia text said "by the Senate")] shall be considered assidui. No special conditions shall be placed on assidui in regards to their placement in centuries and tribes or their ability to run for or hold office.
B. [paragraph added by Curiatia Iulia de tributo virginum vestalium May xx, 2762, appr. by SC Jul. 18, 2762.:] Those appointed as Vestal virgins by the Collegium Pontificum shall be exempt from paying the annual tax and shall retain their status as assidui so long as they remain Vestal virgins. No special conditions shall be placed on Vestal virgins with regard to their placement in centuries and tribes or upon their ability to run for or hold office."
III. Citizens who do not pay taxes in such amount and in such manner as may be defined by the Senate shall be considered capite censi. The following special conditions shall apply to capite censi:
IV. (added by lex Apula de assiduis et capite censis Dec. 09, 2758, appr. by SC Dec. 31, 2758 :) Senatores and ordinarii sitting magistrates, who become Capite censi due to non-payment of taxes may be removed from office by the Censors. Members of the Collegium Pontificum, priests and sacerdotes who become Capite censi due to non-payment of taxes may be removed from office by the Pontifex Maximus.
Learn more ...
XXXV: Lex Vedia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum
In accordance with paragraph III.B. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Vedia de Ratione Comitiorum Centuriatorum is hereby enacted to set forth the rules and procedures for debate and the taking of votes within the comitia centuriata.
enough for three nundinia (market days) to have passed during the interval. Within the first twenty-four hours after the convening of the comitia, the right of intercessio or nuntiatio may be exercised by those Constitutionally empowered to do so.
Notes
As is the case with the two preceding laws, and others to follow, the term "rogator" has been replaced with those of "diribitores" and "custodes" in accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris and praetorian edictum. The rogatores now assist the censores in registering new citizens; the diribitores and custodes perform the duties of tallying votes and certifying elections formerly assigned to the rogatores. The censores do not participate in these functions, so the phrase "with the assistance of the censors" has also been removed.
The word "trinundium," which does not exist, has been replaced with the term "contio," for that is the intent as demonstrated by the comment in parentheses. It is unlikely that "trium nundinum," a genitive plural signifying a twenty-four day period, is meant by this.
Learn more ...
XXXVI: Lex Vedia de privatis rebus
The Lex Cornelia de Privatis Rebus is hereby amended to include the following:
"Provincial governors, or their lawfully appointed assistants, may receive confidential information, but only relating to those citizens within their provinciae, in accordance with the restrictions and procedures governing release of such information for magistrates.
"Individual citizens may, at their express request, allow confidential information of their choice to be made available and/or public, and may rescind such permission as they see fit."
Passed by Comitia Centuriata, Yes-67; No-9; Abstain-1, Tie-5
27 August MMDCCLIV
Learn more ...
XXXVII: Lex Cassia Octavia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum
The Lex Vedia de Ratione Comitiorum Centuriatorum is hereby amended:
1. In the case of a magisterial election, each century shall cast a number of votes equal to the number of vacancies for the magistracy in question or the number of candidates who received individual votes from members of that century, whichever is less. Votes shall be assigned to those candidates who received votes by members of the century, with those candidates receiving the most valid individual votes receiving the century's vote first, then working down in descending order until either all the century's votes have been assigned, or there are no remaining candidates who received votes from citizens in that century.
4. No candidate may win a century unless he or she has received at least one vote from a citizen within that century.
3. "A simple majority" is hereby defined as "one half of the number of centuries casting votes, plus one". Abstentions are not considered votes, and a century in which all voters abstained shall not be counted toward this total.
Learn more ...
XXXVIII: Lex Cassia de creatione sodalitatum
I. A group or association, cultural, social, historical or political, created by or involving Nova Romans shall be considered officially a part of Nova Roma only by official recognition/approval by the Republic. Any such group that wishes official recognition or status within Nova Roma must make a formal application for inclusion. Until such an application is placed and granted by the Senate or through vote in any one of the Comitia, all such groups are considered completely separate from Nova Roma.
II. The above clause is also binding to all Religious groups, organizations and associations involving Nova Roma Citizens, with the exception that they may only apply to and be approved by the Collegium Pontificum. This is in accord with section IV of the Nova Roma constitution which places all religious associations under the authority of the Collegium Pontificum.
III. Organizations applying for recognition by Nova Roma must present a formal charter and outline of intent before the Senate or to one of the Comitia (or if a religious group to the Collegium Pontificum.) The charter for any group, organization or association applying for recognition within Nova Roma must include:
A. A statement of intent (what the organization is about, and what it is trying to achieve.)
B. An action plan outlining how it intends to achieve its goals.
C. An outline of its internal organization, hierarchy and offices.
IV. A group, organization or association approved for official inclusion into the infrastructure of Nova Roma must adhere to the Constitution and Laws of Nova Roma. An application for official recognition is therefore considered a binding statement of intent to be governed by Nova Roma's laws, constitution and legal government.
Learn more ...
XXXIX: Lex Cassia de iusiurando
"The Lex Iunia Iusiurando is hereby amended so that the following preface will be placed before the Oath of Office:
The Lex Iunia Iusiurando is hereby enacted to put in place an Oath of Office for any citizen assuming any magistracy of Nova Roma, whether elected or appointed.
The following oath must be taken publicly in the major public fora of Nova Roma before someone elected or appointed to any magistracy can assume his or her office. It must be taken on the day, or as soon as possible afterwards, that the office is to be assumed. The office shall be considered vacant until the oath is taken.
Learn more ...
XL: Lex Vedia de magistratuum aetate secunda
The Lex Iunia de Magistratuum is hereby amended as follows, establishing the following procedures for the purpose underaged candidates to petition an exemption to run for office.
Learn more ...
XLI: Lex Vedia de provinciis
I. This Lex Vedia Provincialis is hereby enacted to enable governors and the Senate more flexibility in establishing and maintaining the administrative institutions and mechanisms of the provinciae.
II. Paragraph V.C. of the Constitution of Nova Roma is hereby altered to read as follows:
Learn more ...
XLII: Lex Vedia de incorporationis
I. This Lex Vedia de Correctione Incorporationis is hereby enacted in order to acknowledge the change of Nova Roma's state of incorporation from New Hampshire to Maine, and to alter the Constitution accordingly.
II. The term "New Hampshire" in paragraph I.C. of the Constitution is hereby changed to read "Maine".
Passed by Comitia Centuriata, Yes-98; No-1; Abstain-7
23 October MMDCCLIV
Learn more ...
XLIII: Lex Vedia de tribunis
I. This lex is hereby enacted to bring the institution of the Tribunate as it is realized in Nova Roma closer to that of Roma Antiqua, and to alter the Constitution and other official documents accordingly.
II. Paragraph IV.A.7. of the Constitution is hereby altered to read as follows:
7. Tribuni Plebis (Tribune of the Plebs). Five tribunes of the plebs shall be elected by the comitia plebis tributa to serve a term lasting one year. They must all be of the plebeian order, and shall have the following honors, powers, and obligations:
III. Upon ratification of the Amendment to the Constitution by the Senate, any leges, magisterial edicta, or other official documents which refer to there being only two Tribunes are hereby amended to reflect the increased number.
Learn more ...
XLIV: Lex Vedia de liberis civium
I. ((Purpose))
This lex is hereby enacted to amend the Constitution of Nova Roma in such manner as to extend certain rights of Citizenship to children of Citizens who are not sui juris in their domicile, and to undertake alterations to Constitutional mechanisms and institutions appropriate to such a change.
II. ((Amendment to chapter II.A))
Paragraph II.A. of the Constitution is hereby altered to read as follows:
III. ((Amendment to chapter II.B))
Paragraph II.B. of the Constitution is hereby altered to read as follows:
IV. ((Amendment to chapter II.D.3))
Paragraph II.D.3. of the Constitution is hereby altered to read as follows:
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
XLV: Lex Octavia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum
The Lex Vedia de Ratione Comitorum Centuriatorum is hereby amended with the addition of the following paragraph in Section III.A: 1. In the event that, in an election for a magisterial office, there are not sufficient candidates elected to fill all vacancies in that office, the presiding magistrate may call for a follow-up election among those same candidates who failed to obtain that office in the previous election. For these follow-up elections, the 192-hour (8-day) requirement for the length of the Contio (official discussion period) shall be shortened to 24 hours.
Learn more ...
XLVI: Lex Labiena de intercessione
I. Pursuant to fulfill what is ruled in Paragraph IV.A.7.a.3 of the Constitution, this lex is enacted to define the process by which tribuni plebis may use their power of intercessio.
II. A tribunus plebis may use intercessio by making an official announcement to at least one of Nova Roma’s main communications fora (as defined by the Constitution) within 72 hours of the announcement of the item or action to be vetoed. The items and actions which tribuni plebis may use intercessio against are defined in paragraph IV.A.7.a.1 of the Constitution.
III. The issuance of intercessio shall place the item or action on hold, preventing it from being in any way effective, for 72 hours from the time at which the intercessio is announced.
IV. During this 72 hour period, other tribuni plebis may officially announce their agreement or disagreement with the particular use of intercessio.
V. Should more tribuni plebis agree than disagree with the use of intercessio in question, it shall stand, and the action which was vetoed shall be void. Otherwise, the action which was vetoed shall be allowed to take effect starting immediately at the end of the period allotted for tribuni plebis to state their agreement or disagreement.
Learn more ...
XLVII: Lex Cornelia de tabulis gentium novaromanarum agendis
Pursuant to the Constitution of Nova Roma (II.D.1 and II.D.3) The Comitia Populi Tributa of the People of Nova Roma hereby enact this lex concerning the registration of Gentes, Patresfamiliarum, and Matresfamiliarum with the Office of the Censors. (For the purpose of this lex, the use of the word paterfamilias will include both Paterfamilias and Materfamilias).
I. Each Gens shall be registered with the office of the Censors every year.
II. Registration of Gentes must be completed by the last day of June.
III. The censors must announce the opening of the registration period at least eight (8) weeks before the deadline on the official Nova Roma e-mail list.
IV. Patresfamiliarum are responsible for contacting the Censores using any of these methods:
A. Send an e-mail to the Censors via the official e-mail address of the Office of the Censors, which is censors@novaroma.org at the time of the passage of this lex.
B. Mail a written statement to the Nova Roma post office box.
C. Complete a form on the Nova Roma web site, the address of which shall be specified by the Censores at the beginning of the registration period.
V. The current official address of all Nova Roma Mail correspondence is:
Nova Roma P.O. Box 1897, Wells, ME 04090
At the time of the passage of this lex, the above address is the official address. If the official address changes in the future, the new mailing address should be utilized.
VI. When the deadline is reached, the Censors must publish a list of Gentes that have failed to register with the Office of the Censors. This list must be published on the official Nova Roma email lists, are currently located at novaroma@yahoogroups.com and novaromaannounce@yahoogroups.com.
VII. A Gens that has failed to register with the office of Censors is considered to have NO Paterfamilias. If there are other members of that gens the Censors must work with the Gens to select a new Paterfamilias.
VIII. A Gens that has failed to register with the office of the Censors, and which has no member other than its paterfamilias, shall be removed from the Album Gentium. Its former members shall be considered to belong to no Gens, and shall be given the nomen "Nemo". The nomen formerly used by that Gens will be considered unused and available for future applicants.
IX. Patresfamiliarum who are unable to communicate with the office of Censors may appoint a designate within the Gens to act as Paterfamilias. However, notification must be on file in the office of the Censor(es).
X. During the period of time when there is no paterfamilias in the Gens, the Gens will remain static. No new admissions may take place.
XI. While a Gens is still trying to pick a new paterfamilias, that gens will be listed as closed for new citizens' recruitment. The new paterfamilias must notify the Censors upon receipt of the position of Paterfamilias if he/she wants to reopen the gens for new members.
XII. The following are procedures that must be followed before individual(s) of a gens may be allowed to change gens affiliations due to Patresfamiliarum who are shown to be inactive and non-responsive as a result of the registration process.
A. Once a Pater has failed to respond, the Censores contact the other members of the gens and see if there is any of them willing to be a paterfamilias. The deadline for this process to begin is two weeks from the end of the registration period.
B. If there is just one responsive candidate, he is appointed as the new Paterfamilias, and the gens is then registered.
C. If there is more than one responsive candidate, a decision must be taken as to who the new Pater would be. The exact process for this would be left up to the gens to decide. If member of the gens report to the Censors that they are at an impasse the following two factors may be used to break the impasse:
1. If there is a tie between two members who would become the new Paterfamilias the Century point totals of the candidates would be used as the tie breaker.
2. If there is a tie in century points then the length of citizenship would be utilized to break that tie.
D. After the two-week period has expired, and no responsive candidate has come forward, those remaining gens members will be given the Nomen "Nemo." Each Gens member will be asked to either create a new Gens or join an existing gens. The nomen formerly used by that Gens will be considered unused and available for future applicants.
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa, Yes-28; No-6; Abstain-0
Learn more ...
XLVIII: Lex Cornelia de linguis publicis
I. Due to the increasingly inter macronational nature of the Citizenship of Nova Roma, it has become necessary for the official language policy of the Republic to be defined, in such a way that acknowledges our historical antecedents, practical concerns, and the sensibilities of all of our Citizens. To that end, this Lex Cornelia de Linguis Publicis is adopted.
II. Latin is hereby adopted as the official ceremonial language of Nova Roma. As such, it shall be used in rites conducted by the curule magistrates and appointed priests of Nova Roma on behalf of the entire nation, as well as other circumstances where it may be deemed appropriate.
III. English is hereby adopted as the business language of Nova Roma's central government. As such, it shall be used in official communications from and day-to-day business conducted by the central government (defined for purposes of this proviso as the Senate and non-provincial magistrates). Other languages may be used in such communications where deemed appropriate, but an English translation must accompany such communications.
IV. In order to accommodate the Needs of Citizens who do not speak English, or who speak English as a Second Language, and in accordance with section IV 9 of the Constitution, the Decuria Interpretum is established.
A. The Decuria Interpretum shall consist of ten Interpretes who shall be responsible for making official translations of all proposed Leges and Plebiscita, and all Edicta and official announcements made by the magistrates of Nova Roma, along with all Senatus Consulta. The Interpretes shall also be responsible for providing official translations of all Leges, Plebiscita, Senatus Consulta, Priestly Decreta, and Magisterial Edicta in force at the time this lex is passed. Each of the Interpretes shall have authority to appoint his own scribae. Should the position be vacant, and suitable and willing candidates are available, the Senate shall have the authority to appoint interpretes.
B. Each of the Interpretes shall be responsible for one language.
C. The Position of Interpres Latinitatis is established. The Interpres Latinitatis shall serve as the Caput/Magister of the Decuria Interpretum and shall provide aid to magistrates in complying with section II of this lex in addition to the duties of all members of the Decuria Interpretum.
D. Interpretes for the five non-English and Latin Languages most widely spoken in Nova Roma are hereby established. Until such time as the Senate determines which languages are most widely spoken, The Interpretes will provide translations of the French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish Languages.
E. The Language that the remaining four Interpretes shall provide shall be chosen by the Senate of Nova Roma.
V. In the event of linguistic differences between texts, the language that will be considered official in terms of interpretation shall be English.
VI. This lex does not effect in any way languages used in official or unofficial provincial fora, fora maintained by official Sodalitates, or private fora (including but not limited to email lists organized by private Citizens).
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa, Yes-18; No-16; Abstain-0
Learn more ...
XLIX: Lex Cornelia Iunia de definitione intervallorum magistratuum
This law shall regulate the amount of times a person may hold certain elected magistracies during a specified time period.
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa yes: 30; No: 4
Learn more ...
L: Lex Octavia de senatoribus
I. Membership in the Senate of Nova Roma shall be for life, so long as a Senator maintains a minimum level of activity, as defined herein.
II. Level of Activity Required.
III. Removal of a Senator.
IV. Exemptions.
V. This law shall go into effect on the Kalends of January MMDCCLVI
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa yes: 30; No: 4
Learn more ...
LI: Lex Cornelia de rebus ordinis equestris agendis
Currently the Constitution reads:
This would be rewritten to state the following:
A new section will be added under the job description of the Curule Aediles:
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
LII: Lex Octavia de sermone
I. Definitions
A. A "public forum" is defined as any system of communications where contributions from persons other than its maintainer are distributed or made available to other subscribers, including, but not limited to, mailing lists, real-time chat systems, and web-based bulletin boards.
B. "Moderation" refers to the exercise of powers provided by the software used to implement public fora to approve, reject, pre-screen, or delete messages, approve or reject pending subscribers, and perform other administrative duties.
C. A "moderator" is a person with moderation authority with regard to a particular public forum.
II.
The office of Curator Sermonis (also called Curator Sermonum) is hereby abolished.
III.
The Praetores are hereby given the powers and duties of moderators for all public fora sponsored or owned by the central government of Nova Roma, save for those exceptions listed below. They are empowered to use all moderation features provided, subject to Constitutional free speech guarantees, Tribunician intercessio, and any leges explicitly setting list policies. They may delegate such authority to their appointed scribae.
The Praetores are empowered to create and enforce policies of acceptable behavior in the public fora.
IV. Scope
A. Public fora under the jurisdiction of the Praetores shall include the general discussion mailing list (currently "novaroma@yahoogroups.com"), the announcements mailing list (currently "novaroma-announce@yahoogroups.com"), the web-based message board linked to from www.novaroma.org, any chat system in use on www.novaroma.org, and any other means of communications designated as "public fora" by the Senate, except as detailed below.
B. The web site www.novaroma.org and all sites maintained by elected or appointed magistrates as part of their duties are not considered public fora, except for any features of the site where users other than the maintainers of those sites may submit content for public consumption, such as "message boards".
C. The newsletter, including any part thereof where contributions are accepted from the public, is exempt and shall remain under the control of the Editor Commentariorum.
D. The communications channels of the sodalitates and provinciae are under the jurisdiction of those organizations and therefore exempt.
E. Fora administered by the Tribunes for the purpose of Plebeian discussion are exempt.
[In accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris and praetorian edictum, the title "curator differum" in Section IV. C. above has been changed to the current and more correct "editor commentariorum."
A. Tullia Scholastica, interpres linguae Latinae, scriba praetoris et magistri araneari, 2758].
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa in 05 June 2755, Yes: 25; No: 4
Learn more ...
LIII: Lex Cornelia de censu
Pursuant to the Constitution of Nova Roma (II.A. 4 and IV.A.1.b) the following law is hereby enacted to determine the accurate numbers of citizens who make up Nova Roma.
Notification must also be published on the Nova Roma Message board.
1. Those citizens who voted in the main election (in December) shall be considered "censi." 2. Those citizens who have paid taxes for the current calendar year shall be considered "censi". 3. Paterfamiliae who have successfully responded to the yearly registration of the Lex Cornelia de Tabulis Gentium Novaromanarum Agendis shall be considered “censi”. 4. Persons who became citizens during the current calendar year shall be considered "censi".
The Current Official address of all Nova Roman Mail correspondence is:
Nova Roma P.O. Box 1897 Wells, ME 04090
At the time of the passage of this lex, the above address is the official address, if the official address changes in the future; the new address should be utilized.
Learn more ...
LIV: Lex Cornelia Vedia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum
Either a Consul or Praetor may, as described in the Constitution, call the Comitia to order, to hold a vote on a lex or leges, or to hold an election. The magistrate who calls the Comitia to order shall be referred to herein as the presiding magistrate.
EXAMPLE: Four candidates are running for Consul. Each tribe casts two votes, because there are two vacant positions. In tribe III, there are 26 votes for candidate A, 32 votes for candidate B, 2 votes for candidate C, and 13 votes for candidate D. The tribe's two votes are cast for candidates A and B, since they received the two highest vote totals within the tribe.
Learn more ...
LV: Lex Cornelia Octavia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum
I. All previous laws relating to the Comitia Centuriata are hereby rescinded as they apply to the election of magistrates and the voting of leges by the Comitia Centuriata. This Lex Cornelia Octavia de Ratione Comitiorum Centuriatorum is hereby enacted to define the procedures by which the Comitia Centuriata shall conduct the business of electing magistrates and voting on leges.
II. Calling the Comitia to Order. Either a Consul or Praetor may, as described in the Constitution, call the Comitia to order, to hold a vote on a lex or leges, or to hold an election. The magistrate who calls the Comitia to order shall be referred to herein as the presiding magistrate.
A. This shall be done by making a public announcement announcing the call in those public fora which shall have been designated for such purpose, in which must be included:
1. The names of candidates for office and the office for which they are running (when the Comitia is being called for an election); 2. Date of Citizenship of each candidate. 3. The full text of any leges, which are being voted on (when the Comitia is being called to legislate); 4. The dates and time when the members of the Comitia shall begin and finish voting; 5. Any special instructions that pertain to the mechanics of the vote, if any.
B. The presiding magistrate shall have the responsibility for taking all reasonable precautions to ensure that candidates for a vote hold whatever qualifications are required by law. The Censors shall assist in such efforts as to the best of their ability.
III. Timing of the vote. A. The edictum containing the call to vote must be issued at least 120 hours (5 days) prior to the start of the vote. This period shall be known as the Contio, and shall be used for formal discussion of the issues and/or candidates before the People for vote. 1. In the event that, in an election for a magisterial office, there are not sufficient candidates elected to fill all vacancies in that office, the presiding magistrate may call for a follow-up election among those same candidates who failed to obtain that office in the previous election. For these follow-up elections, the 120-hour (5-day) requirement for the length of the Contio (official discussion period) shall be shortened to 24 hours.
B. During the Contio, the following conditions shall apply:
1. Those constitutionally empowered to do so may exercise their powers of intercessio or nuntiatio. a. Intercessio may be exercised against either the entire election or vote, or against one or more individual items on the ballot. If there are any items on the ballot that have not been subjected to intercessio, voting on them shall proceed normally. The removal of an item from the ballot due to intercessio shall not prevent that item from being placed upon the ballot for a different vote at a later time. b. The exercise of nuntiatio shall extend the Contio, postponing the start and end dates of the voting period by 24 hours, during which time nuntiatio may again be exercised. c. Should the exercise of nuntatio cause the voting period to move such that it conflicts with calendarical restrictions as defined by the Collegium Pontificum, the presiding magistrate may change or extend the dates of the vote and/or contio at his discretion.
2. A member of the Collegium Augurum shall be invited by the presiding magistrate to seek favorable auspices for the conduct of the vote, subject to those rules and regulations the Collegium Augurum shall set forth by decreta. Should the presiding magistrate himself be a member of the Collegium Augurum, he may take the auspices for the vote himself.
C. The period between the start and end of the voting must last no less than 120 hours (5 days).
D. The ability to vote during the voting period may be impacted and/or suspended due to calendrical issues as enacted by decreta of the Collegium Pontificum.
E. The rogatores shall tally the vote and shall deliver the results to the presiding magistrate within 48 hours of the close of the voting period.
F. The presiding magistrate shall announce the results of the vote within 24 hours of receiving the results from the rogatores, in at least the same venues as the original announcement calling the vote was published.
IV. Voting procedures. A. The censors shall issue to each citizen a unique voter identification code. This code shall be used to maintain anonymity in the voting process, and to minimize the possibility of vote fraud. In a timely fashion prior to the vote, the censors shall make available to the rogatores a list of valid voter identification codes and the centuries with which they are associated. The rogatores shall not have access to the names of the citizens associated with particular voter identification codes.
B. In consultation with the rogatores, the curator araneum shall make available a cista; a secure web-based form to allow citizens to vote directly through the official Nova Roma web site. This form shall record the voter identification number and desired vote(s) of the individual. The information thus collected will either be forwarded to the rogatores as it is gathered, or at the end of the process, at their discretion. Alternative methods of voting may be enacted by other legislation as required.
C. Each Citizen shall have the opportunity to vote for a single candidate for each office for which a vacancy exists, regardless of the number of vacancies within a given magistracy. Citizens may cast a vote for a candidate not listed on the ballot, or may waive their right to cast a vote for a given magistracy. Once cast, no vote may be altered, even with the correct voter identification code. Should multiple votes be registered with the same voter identification code, only the first one recorded shall be used when tallying the vote.
V. Procedures for counting votes. A. Votes shall be counted by centuries.
1. In the case of a magisterial election, each century shall cast a number of votes equal to the number of vacancies for the magistracy in question or the number of candidates who received individual votes from members of that century, whichever is less. Votes shall be assigned to those candidates who received votes by members of the century, with those candidates receiving the most valid individual votes receiving the century's vote first, then working down in descending order until either all the century's votes have been assigned, or there are no remaining candidates who received votes from citizens in that century. 2. In the case of a vote on a lex, each century shall vote in favor of the lex if a majority of the votes received by members of the century are in favor. Otherwise, the century shall be considered to have voted against the proposed lex. 3. Should a tie occur within a given century, the winner shall be the candidate who is a paterfamilias or materfamilias, or if such shall not decide the issue, the winner shall be decided by lot. The rogatores may decide how such decisions by lot shall be made in a fair manner. 4. No candidate may win a century unless he or she has received at least one vote from a citizen within that century.
B. A vote or election shall be decided by a majority of the centuries.
1. In the case of a magisterial election, candidates must receive votes from a simple majority of the centuries casting votes in order to win. a. Should not enough candidates receive votes from at least a simple majority of the centuries casting votes to fill all vacancies, a new election shall be called within 30 days from the end of the current election. b. Should more candidates receive votes from at least a simple majority of the centuries casting votes than there are vacancies, the winner shall be the candidate who is a paterfamilias or materfamilias, or if such shall not decide the issue, the winner shall be decided by lot. The rogatores may decide how such decisions by lot shall be made in a fair manner.
2. In the case of a vote on a lex, a simple majority of the centuries casting votes must vote in favor for the lex to be adopted. 3. "A simple majority" is hereby defined as "one half of the number of centuries casting votes, plus one". Abstentions are not considered votes, and a century in which all voters abstained shall not be counted toward this total.
C. Votes may be tallied by automated means should the rogatores determine such is preferable to, and at least as accurate as, a manual count.
D. Only the aggregate votes of the centuries shall be delivered to the presiding magistrate; the votes of individual citizens shall be secret.
Learn more ...
LVI: Lex Octavia de privatis rebus
No information to display.
Learn more ...
LVIII: Lex Octavia altera de comitiis centuriatis
This Lex is hereby enacted to set the number of centuries as required by Paragraph II.E.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, as amended by the Lex Octavia de comitiis centuriatis. In the event that the amendment does not pass, this lex shall be ineffective.
I. The number of centuries shall be determined by dividing the number of Assidui citizens by eight, rounding down. This calculation shall take place every time that a reallocation of centuries is performed by the Censores. If this calculation results in a number greater than 193, then there shall be only 193 centuries. If this calculation results in a number less than 51, there shall be exactly 51 centuries.
II. The Censores may determine the number of centuries in each class by edict, as previously established by the Lex Iunia centuriata. If the Censores choose not to do so, then the same proportions already in effect from the previous allocation shall be adhered to as closely as possible, in order to preserve the relative sizes of the classes. For purposes of this calculation, the century containing the Capite Censi shall be considered outside of any class.
III. The relative sizes of each class shall be initially set as follows:
Learn more ...
LIX: Lex Salicia de prorogatione et cumulatione
Preamble. Pursuant to fulfilling the precepts set forth in the Preamble of the Constitution of Nova Roma and accordingly bringing our Res Publica as close as reasonable and possible to the political system of Ancient Rome, this lex seeks to reestablish the ancient prohibitions of prorogatio, continuatio and cumulatio.
I. This lex covers the presentation of candidacies for the different magistracies of the Res Publica. Only elected magistrates fall under the scope of this lex; appointed officials do not have to follow what is indicated below.
II. The election of new magistrates for the following year shall be announced by the consules for the Comitia Centuriata and the Comitia Populi Tributa, and by the Tribuni Plebis for the Comitia Plebis Tributa, before the Ides of November. Candidacies for these offices will have to be made public as established by the law before the Kalends of December.
III. In this first round of candidacy presentation, no current holder of a magistracy shall present his or her candidacy for that very same position (prorogatio). No individual shall present his or her candidacy to more than one magistracy (cumulatio).
IV. If, after the Kalends of December, a certain magistracy has a number of legal candidates that is lower than the number of offices to be filled, the period of presentation of candidacies shall be extended by an additional nundinum for that magistracy only. During this extended period, the provisions indicated in paragraph III of this lex shall be considered temporarily withdrawn for candidacies to that magistracy.
V. The consules shall ensure the application of this lex.
Learn more ...
LX: Lex Salicia de suffragiis in comitiis populi tributis
Preamble. Given that for some of the magistracies of the Res Publica, run-off elections have proved to be a frequent affair; and given that those run-off elections mean a serious waste of time and effort both for our magistrates and our citizenry, this law pursues to reduce the frequency of those run-off elections by increasing the number of votes cast by each citizen.
I. The Lex Vedia [Altera] de Ratione Comitiorum Populi Tributorum, paragraph IV.C is modified to read as follows:
II. The Lex Vedia [Altera] de Ratione Comitiorum Populi Tributorum, paragraph V.A.3 is modified to read as follows:
[In accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris and praetorian edictum, the title "rogatores" in II. above has been changed to "custodes." The rogatores are no longer election officials; the diribitores count votes, and the custodes break ties and certify the elections].
[A. Tullia Scholastica, scriba praetoris et magistri araneari, 2758].
Learn more ...
LXI: Lex Salicia iudiciaria
PRAEFATIO.
The intent of this law is to establish a judicial system in Nova Roma, setting the legal procedures that must be followed to present a case to a court and to constitute that court. This judicial system shall be based on the imperium of the praetores, thus intending to fulfill article IV.A.3.b. of the Constitution of Nova Roma.
These procedures are based on the Roman republican procedural model, both because it probably is the model that best suits Nova Roma and because it is the basis for all the procedural systems of modern Western nations. Some concessions to Nova Roma's particular structure have had to be made; but, in spirit, it follows the ancient Roman procedure.
PARS PRIMA: DE PETITIONE ACTIONIS.
I. Any citizen of Nova Roma shall be able to bring an action against another citizen of Nova Roma. The plaintiff shall be addressed in this law as "actor". The defendant shall be addressed as "reus".
II. The actor must announce the action he is intending to exert to one of the praetores ("editio actionis"), and then the actor must ask the praetor to start the procedure ("petitio actionis"). The praetor shall decide, within 72 hours, if the petitio actionis shall be presented to a court or if it shall be dismissed. A praetor can dismiss a petitio actionis if and only if one of the following cases applies:
A. The praetor has no competence in the issue.
Example: a praetor can not mediate between two foreign parties, for his competence is limited to the citizens of Nova Roma.
B. The parties are not sui iuris in Nova Roma.
Example: a minor can not play the part of an actor.
C. The claim is incongruent.
Example: "Ticius must be expelled from Nova Roma because he is bearded" is an incongruent claim, for it is not supported by law, precedent or common sense.
III. If the claim is dismissed by the praetores, the actor shall be able to present his case again to the praetores in the future, waiting for two new praetores to be elected by the Comitia if necessary.
IV. If the claim is approved by the praetores, it shall be presented to a court of justice defined according to this law. The reus shall be informed of the nature of the claim presented against him and of the identity of the actor within thirty-six (36) hours after the claim's approval.
PARS SECVNDA: DE FORMVLA.
V. Once a claim has been accepted by a praetor, that same praetor shall prepare a formula to present to the iudices. The formula shall consist of a logical statement that instructs the iudices on the decision they must take. The formula shall be structured into four parts: institutio iudicis, intentio, demonstratio and condemnatio. An explanation of each part follows:
A. INSTITVTIO IVDICIS: This clause appoints a certain iudex to judge the case (see below).
B. INTENTIO: This part expresses the claim of the actor; i.e., it shall express what the actor seeks by petitioning the praetor. There are two kinds of intentio: intentio certa, when the facts that lead to the actor's claim are so obvious that they do not need to be proved, and intentio incerta, when the actor must prove the facts that justify his claim.
Example: Intentio Certa: "According to the contract signed by Titius..." Intentio Incerta: "If it is proved that Ticius owes Gaius 1,000 sestertii, Gaius shall pay Ticius that same amount".
C. DEMONSTRATIO: This is the clause that further defines an intentio incerta.
D. CONDEMNATIO: This is the clause that allows the iudices to condemn or absolve.
Example: a formula could be something like this: "Let Sulpicius be the iudex. If it is proved that Ticius owes Gaius 1,000 sestertii, you, iudex, shall condemn Ticius to pay 1,000 sestertii to Gaius; else, you shall acquit Ticius."
The clauses would be: Institutio Iudicis: "Let Sulpicius be the iudex." Demonstratio: "If it is proved that ..." Intentio: "... Ticius owes Gaius 1,000 sestertii ..." Condemnatio: "... you, iudex, shall condemn Ticius to pay 1,000 sestertii to Gaius; otherwise, you shall acquit Ticius."
VI. To write down a formula, a praetor shall use one of these three sources as a basis:
A. Lex: the intentio and the condemnatio shall never be in disagreement with the current laws of Nova Roma. They must follow these laws when the situation is explicitly treated by them.
B. Iurisprudentia: in those cases where the laws do not present an explicit treatment of a certain situation, a praetor shall create iurisprudentia (jurisprudence) applicable to all similar situations. Iurisprudentia is an expression of the Imperium of the praetor, and it has the same legislative power as a praetorial edictum. Because of this, laws approved by the Comitia shall always supersede iurisprudentia, and a certain praetor can alter previous iurisprudentia through an official edictum whenever common sense dictates that such a course of action is necessary.
PARS TERTIA: DE IVDICIBVS.
VII. Once the formula is ready, iudices (judges) shall be appointed from the album iudicum, a list of all the citizens that can legally judge a case. The album iudicum shall include the names of all the assidui citizens that have been citizens of Nova Roma for over a year.
VIII. The number of iudices that shall make up the tribunalis (court of justice) for a certain case shall be decided by the praetor according to the following guidelines:
A. The tribunalis shall be composed of ten (10) iudices whenever the intentio includes accusations of laesa patria (seriously threatening the well-being of the Republic), bribery, embezzlement of public funds, prevarication, electoral fraud, attacks to dignitas, slander or libel, or whenever the sententia might imply the loss of citizenship for one of the parties.
B. In all other occasions, the tribunalis shall be composed of a single iudex.
IX. The praetor shall aleatorily take a number of names equal to the number of iudices from the album iudicum. The following considerations apply:
A. If the praetor considers that some of the iudices thus appointed are obviously related by ties of interest to one of the parties, then the praetor shall, at his own discretion, dismiss those iudices and cast lots to appoint different iudices from the album iudicum.
B. A citizen thus appointed to a court shall be able to ask for an exemption from that judicial work if there are factors that do not allow him to serve in that position. The praetor must be asked for that exemption within thirty-six (36) hours of the official announcement of that appointment; the praetor shall grant that exemption at his own discretion, or he shall deny it, thus forcing the appointed iudex to serve or face an accusation of contempt.
C. Each party shall be able to dismiss a maximum of three (3) iudices, forcing a new iudex to be aleatorily taken from the album iudicum with each veto. Once both parties agree with a certain group of iudices, or both have already used their three vetoes, the remaining iudices shall be the final iudices, unless one of the preceding paragraphs applies.
D. If both parties can agree on a certain citizen(s) of Nova Roma to judge their case before a definitive group of legal iudices has been appointed, then the praetor shall include that citizen (or those citizens) among the iudices for the current case.
PARS QVARTA: DE IVDICIO
X. Once a tribunal has been appointed, the praetor shall inform the iudices of the formula that they shall apply. The praetor shall decide if the trial is going to be conducted under the public scrutiny or, should the dignitas of innocents be at stake, declare a secret summary and move the trial away from public scrutiny.
XI. Any of the parties can choose to appoint an advocatus (advocate or barrister) to speak for them in front of the iudices, or they can choose to speak by themselves. An advocatus shall not receive a fee for his services.
XII. The actor shall present evidence to back his demands, and then the reus shall present evidence to back his defense. Evidence shall consist of anything that is relevant to the case, including written texts, visual evidence, and the statements of witnesses or experts. In the case of statements, each party shall have the right to ask questions of the witnesses and experts presented by the other party.
XIII. The praetor shall be the final judge to determine what pieces of evidence are relevant to the case.
XIV. Once both parties have presented their evidence, each party shall have the opportunity to make one final statement in front of the iudices, with the actor speaking in the first place. Then the praetor shall call for a sententia (sentence) from the iudices, according to paragraph XV, reminding the iudices that, in case of doubt, they must *not* condemn the reus.
PARS QVINTA: DE SENTENTIA
XV. Once the praetor has called for a sententia, the iudices shall have seventy-two (72) hours to deliberate; within those seventy-two (72) hours, the iudices shall individually issue one of the following sentences:
A. ABSOLVO: if the tribunal's majority decision is "absolvo", the reus shall be acquitted.
B. CONDEMNO: if the tribunal's majority decision is "condemno", the reus shall be condemned according to the formula previously established by the praetor.
C. Should there be a draw in the tribunal's votes, the reus shall be acquitted.
XVI. Once all the iudices have issued their sententiae, the praetor shall immediately inform the parties of the sententia, and shall enforce any penalties through his imperium.
PARS SEXTA: DE POENA
XVII. In those cases where the laws of Nova Roma or the praetor's sense deem it necessary, the formula shall include one or several of the following penalties to be inflicted upon a convicted reus:
A. MVLTA PECVNIARIA: a fine payable to the treasury of Nova Roma. The convicted reus shall be counted among the capite censi until the fine has been paid.
B. DECLARATIO PVBLICA: the convicted reus shall publicly recognize the actor's intentio, in any public fora indicated in the formula. The convicted reus shall suffer inhabilitatio (see below) until the declaration has been made to the praetor's satisfaction.
C. INHABILITATIO: the convicted reus shall be disqualified from voting, holding a magistracy, or exerting a certain right for a set period of time or until a certain condition is met; any condition or time period must be explicitly stated in the formula.
D. EXACTIO: the convicted reus shall lose his Novoroman citizenship and all the rights and duties associated with it for a set (but not necessarily limited) period of time, or until a certain condition is met; any condition or time period must be explicitly stated in the formula.
PARS SEPTIMA: DE PROVOCATIONE AD POPVLVM
XVIII. In those cases where a sententia implies a loss of citizenship, the reus shall have the right to publicly claim a confirmation vote from the Comitia Centuriata. Once the reus claims this right, the consules shall call the Comitia Centuriata within fifteen (15) days to vote upon the reus's expulsion. Should the Comitia Centuriata confirm the sententia, the sententia shall be applied. Should the Comitia Centuriata vote against the sententia, the sententia shall be nullified.
XIX. Once a reus has been absolved, either by a tribunalis or by the Comitia Centuriata, he shall not be judged again under the same accusations.
Learn more ...
LXII: Lex Salicia de convocatione tribunicia comitiorum
Preamble.
In order to fulfill the article VI.7. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, this lex seeks to establish the procedures by which the Tribuni Plebis shall call the Comitia Plebis Tributa and the Comitia Populi Tributa to order.
I. The Tribuni Plebis shall always be allowed to call the Comitia Plebis Tributa to order when the issues at hand concern the internal operation of the Comitia Plebis Tributa themselves, or to elect the plebeian magistrates.
II. In any other occasion, a Tribunus Plebis that wishes to present his proposals to the People shall first announce his intention on the public fora established by the Laws of Nova Roma for magisterial announcements and edicta. This announcement shall include a call for the Censores to publicly disclose the following information:
a. Current total number of ciizens of Nova Roma. b. Current number of members of the Ordo Patricius (Patrician Order). c. Current ratio between the two figures above (nº of Patrician citizens/total nº of citizens).
The censores shall have three days (72 hours) to present the required information. Should the censores fail to do so, and should the information not be easily available at the Nova Roma main web site (if it is available, the Tribunus Plebis shall use that information as if it had been provided by the Censores), the Tribunus Plebis shall consider that the numbers of the last summoning of the Comitia are still valid.
III. Should the ratio between the number of Patricians and the total number of citizens exceed 0.1 (the Patricians thus representing over a 10% of the total population of Nova Roma), the Tribunus Plebis shall then proceed to call the Comitia Populi Tributa within fifteen (15) days from the first tribunician announcement mentioned in paragraph II of this lex.
IV. Should the ratio between the number of Patricians and the total number of citizens *not* exceed 0.1 (the Patricians thus representing under a 10% of the total population of Nova Roma), the Tribunus Plebis shall then proceed to call the Comitia Plebis Tributa within fifteen (15) days from the first tribunician announcement mentioned in paragraph II of this lex.
Learn more ...
LXIII: Lex Arminia de ratione edictorum
The purpose of this law is to determine the validity of the edicts of Novaroman magistrates.
I. This lex is valid only for those magistrates defined in the Article IV.A. of the Constitution, that is, the magistratus ordinarii.
II. An edict of a magistrate is valid only until the end of the year when that edict was issued. This includes the term of office of a scribe or assistant, which ends with to the term of office of the same magistrate.
III. An edict can be revalidated in the year following by a successor magistrate by means of another edict announcing which of the edicts will stand.
IV. When the names of the new magistrates are known after the annual elections, the Praetores will have four nundina (25 days) to present the valid edicts issued by the magistrates to the new magistrates.
V. After these four nundina, and with the new magistrates in office, the edicts not endorsed will be revoked.
VI. This law will be valid only after the next year, that is, 2756 AUC or 2003 CE.
Learn more ...
LXIV: Lex Salicia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis
Preamble. Given that for some of the magistracies of the Res Publica, run-off elections have proved to be a frequent affair; and given that those run-off elections mean a serious waste of time and effort both for our magistrates and our citizenry, this law pursues to reduce the frequency of those run-off elections by increasing the number of votes cast by each citizen.
I. The Lex Labiena de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum, paragraph IV.C is modified to read as follows:
II. The Lex Labiena de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum, paragraph V.A.3 is modified to read as follows:
Learn more ...
LXV: Lex Salicia de convocatione tribunicia comitiorum
Preamble.
In order to fulfill the article VI.7. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, this lex seeks to establish the procedures by which the Tribuni Plebis shall call the Comitia Plebis Tributa and the Comitia Populi Tributa to order.
I. The Tribuni Plebis shall always be allowed to call the Comitia Plebis Tributa to order when the issues at hand concern the internal operation of the Comitia Plebis Tributa themselves, or to elect the plebeian magistrates.
II. In any other occasion, a Tribunus Plebis that wishes to present his proposals to the People shall first announce his intention on the public fora established by the Laws of Nova Roma for magisterial announcements and edicta. This announcement shall include a call for the Censores to publicly disclose the following information:
a. Current total number of ciizens of Nova Roma. b. Current number of members of the Ordo Patricius (Patrician Order). c. Current ratio between the two figures above (nº of Patrician citizens/total nº of citizens).
The censores shall have three days (72 hours) to present the required information. Should the censores fail to do so, and should the information not be easily available at the Nova Roma main web site (if it is available, the Tribunus Plebis shall use that information as if it had been provided by the Censores), the Tribunus Plebis shall consider that the numbers of the last summoning of the Comitia are still valid.
III. Should the ratio between the number of Patricians and the total number of citizens exceed 0.1 (the Patricians thus representing over a 10% of the total population of Nova Roma), the Tribunus Plebis shall then proceed to call the Comitia Populi Tributa within fifteen (15) days from the first tribunician announcement mentioned in paragraph II of this lex.
IV. Should the ratio between the number of Patricians and the total number of citizens *not* exceed 0.1 (the Patricians thus representing under a 10% of the total population of Nova Roma), the Tribunus Plebis shall then proceed to call the Comitia Plebis Tributa within fifteen (15) days from the first tribunician announcement mentioned in paragraph II of this lex.
Learn more ...
LXVI: Lex Cornelia Octavia de assiduis et capite censis
Preamble.
The purpose of this amendment will be to revise section III. C of the Senatus Consultum on taxation and add an amendment to the Lex Vedia de Assidui et Capiti Censi, by placing all newly approved citizens in the classification of Capiti Censi.
This Lex has two key aims.
1. To modify the current status by placing all newly approved citizens in the classification of Capiti Censi.
2. To give new citizens the option to be reclassified as Assidui by paying the current year's tax in full.
I. All persons obtaining citizenship after this lex takes effect will have Capiti Censi status until and unless payment is made.
II. Any citizen of the Capiti Censi may become Assidui by paying the appropriate amount, as defined by Senatus Consultum. If payment is made during a contio or election, the change in status will take place after the election concludes.
III. Upon receipt of tax payment in full, the applicant is considered to assume the rights and privileges of Assidui as defined by the Lex Vedia de Assidui et Capiti Censi and the applicant will be allocated to a rural tribe and appropriate century allocation.
Passed by Comitia Populi Tributa, Yes-18; No-13; Abstain-x
24 December MMDCCLV
Learn more ...
LXVII: Lex Fabia de censu
The Lex Cornelia de censu is hereby superseded by this Lex Fabia de Censu.
Pursuant to the Constitution of Nova Roma (II.A. 4 and IV.A.1.b) the following law is hereby enacted to determine accurately the number of citizens who make up Nova Roma.
I. A Census of all citizens of Nova Roma should be done every two (2) years. This will be the responsibility of the Censors.
II. The Nova Roma Census will last for a period of sixteen (16) weeks, and must be completed by Pridie Kal. Novembres (the 31st of October). The start and end of the Census period will be announced by the Censors on the NR website, official lists, and in the major fora. The official lists are currently located at nova-roma@yahoogroups.com and NovaRoma-Announce@yahoo.com. Notification must also be published on the Nova Roma Message board. The Censors shall also ask the Governors to announce the Census period on the provincial level.
III. The Census will consist of the following:
A.Those who meet any of the following criteria will still be considered citizens:
1. Those who voted in the main election (in November and/or December).
2. Those who have paid taxes for the current calendar year.
3. Patresfamiliarum who have successfully responded to the yearly registration of the Lex Cornelia de Tabulis Gentium Novaromanarum Agendis.
4. Persons who became citizens during the current calendar year.
5. Persons who have been successfully contacted as described in section IV.
B. Inactive citizens are those citizens who fail to meet at least one of the conditions in IV A.
1.The following will establish some of the procedures for contacting inactive citizens. Inactive citizens are those who will have to be contacted by the National Census.
2. The following methods will be used to contact inactive citizens:
a. Bulk E-mail. At least two attempts should be done to contact citizens by this means.
b. Surface mail. "Inactive" citizens who are unreachable by e-mail shall receive a mailing.
1)This shall be done on the provincial level by Governors and legati under the supervision of the Censors.
2) In those Provinciae where there is no Governor and in those areas not yet included in a Provincia, the Censors shall ask a Governor of the nearest possible Provincia to the residence of that inactive citizen to do this.
3) If this is not possible, it shall be done by the Censors.
4) Surface mail information should be forwarded to whatever official Nova Roman address that is specified by the Censors. Surface mail information must reach the Censors before Pridie Kal. Novembres (the 31st of October). The Current Official address of all Nova Roman Mail correspondence is:
Nova Roma P.O. Box 1897 Wells, ME 04090
At the time of the passage of this lex, the above address is the official address; if the official address changes in the future, the new address should be utilized.
c. Phone calls. If a Citizen is unreachable by e-mail or surface mail, he/she shall be contacted by telephone. This shall be done on the provincial level by Governors and legati under the supervision of the Censors. In those Provinciae where there is no Governor and in those areas not yet included in a Provincia, this shall be optional, and it can be done by the Governor of the nearest possible Provincia to the residence of the "inactive" citizen upon request of the Censors, or by a Censor himself.
d. A temporary banner and link will be put on the main Nova Roma website for the duration of the Census where individual citizens may input their information to comply with the Census. Further, the Censors shall recommend such a banner and link to be put on any other Nova Roman website (Provinces, Magistrates, Sodalitates).
IV. All communicated information pertaining to the Census shall be noted in a database on the Nova Roma Website, the address of which will be specified by the Censores at the beginning of the Registration Period. Citizen information may be entered into this database by the Censores, their appointed assistants, or by the individual citizens.
V. By Pridie Kal. Octobres (the 30th of September), the Censors should post a list to the official e-mail lists of Nova Roma displaying the names of those citizens who have failed to respond.
VI. If a citizen fails to respond to the contact attempts, that person will be considered a "Socius" (Ally), but not a citizen. If he/she is a Pater/Materfamilias, he/she shall lose this position immediately and the Censors will abide by the Constitution, any laws, and any Censorial edict if the appointment of a Paterfamilias is necessary. However, the Censors have the discretion to waive this clause if both Censors feel there are legitimate reasons for the citizen to remain incommunicado.
VII. If a citizen knows of an extended period of unavailability that will coincide with the census, he may contact the Censors up to three (3) months before the census is to begin to inform them of his active status and his desire to be counted in the census. Such contact will be considered by the Censors as having fulfilled the citizen's duty to reply during the census period. Proxies are not permitted during the National Census effort.
VIII. At any time, a Socius may contact the Censores and ask to regain his/her Citizenship, which will then be granted unless there are compelling reasons otherwise.
IX. In the Album Civium it shall be clearly indicated whether an individual is a Civis (citizen) or a Socius.
X. At the end of the National Census, postage or telephone expenses incurred by the magistrate will be reimbursed by either a monetary payment or a tax credit. All such payments or credits shall be disbursed in exchange for receipts, receipt copies and bills (if it is not possible to obtain receipts) and must be approved by the Senate.
It will be up to the Censors to choose which of these two methods to follow to compensate the other involved magistrates in the most economical fashion. Furthermore, it will be up to the Senate to authorize payout.
It shall be up to the Senate to choose which of these two methods to follow to compensate the Censors in the most economical fashion.
XI. A budget shall be allocated by the Senate to meet expenses to compensate magistrates involved in the Census.
XII. The First Census will take place during the Consulship of Caeso Fabius Quintilianus and Titus Labienus Fortunatus (2756 AUC).
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
LXVIII: Lex Fabia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum
1.
All previous laws relating to the Comitia Centuriata are hereby rescinded as they apply to the election of magistrates and the voting of leges by the Comitia Centuriata. This Lex Fabia de Ratione Comitiorum Centuriatorum is hereby enacted to define the procedures by which the Comitia Centuriata shall conduct the business of electing magistrates, voting on leges, and voting to convict or acquit citizens brought to trial before the Comitia Centuriata.
2. Calling the Comitia to Order.
Either a Consul or Praetor may, as described in the constitution, call the Comitia to order to hold a vote on a lex or leges, to hold an election, or to conduct a trial. The magistrate who calls the Comitia to order shall be referred to herein as the presiding magistrate.
A
This shall be done by making a public proclamation announcing the call in those public fora which shall have been designated for such purpose, in which must be included:
1.
The names of candidates for office and the office for which they are running (when the Comitia are being called for an election);
2.
Date of Citizenship of each candidate.
3.
The full text of any leges, which are being voted on (when the Comitia are being called to legislate);
4.
The dates and time when the members of the Comitia shall begin and finish voting;
5.
Any special instructions that pertain to the mechanics of the vote.
6.
In the case of a trial, the name of the accused, and the charges and specifications of which they are accused.
B
The presiding magistrate shall have the responsibility for taking all reasonable precautions to ensure that candidates for a vote hold whatever qualifications are required by law. The Censors shall assist in such efforts as to the best of their ability.
3. Timing of the vote.
A
The edictum containing the call to vote must be issued at least 120 hours (5 days) prior to the start of the vote. This period shall be known as the Contio, and shall be used for formal discussion of the issues and/or candidates before the People for vote.
1.
In the event that, in an election for a magisterial office, there are not enough candidates elected to fill all vacancies in that office, the presiding magistrate may call for a follow-up election among those same candidates who failed to obtain that office in the previous election. For these follow-up elections, the 120-hour (5-day) requirement for the length of the Contio (official discussion period) shall be shortened to 24 hours.
B
During the Contio, the following conditions shall apply:
1.
Those constitutionally empowered to do so may exercise their powers of intercessio or obnuntiatio.
1.
Intercessio may be exercised against either the entire election or vote, or against one or more individual items on the ballot. If there are any items on the ballot that have not been subjected to intercessio, voting on them shall proceed normally. The removal of an item from the ballot due to intercessio shall not prevent that item from being placed upon the ballot for a different vote at a later time.
2.
The exercise of obnuntiatio shall extend the Contio, postponing the start and end dates of the voting period by 24 hours, during which time obnuntiatio may again be exercised.
3.
Should the exercise of nuntatio cause the voting period to move such that it conflicts with calendrical restrictions as defined by the Collegium Pontificum, the presiding magistrate may change or extend the dates of the vote and/or contio at his discretion.
2.
A member of the Collegium Augurum shall be invited by the presiding magistrate to seek favorable auspices for the conduct of the vote, subject to those rules and regulations the Collegium Augurum shall set forth by decreta. Should the presiding magistrate himself be a member of the Collegium Augurum, he may take the auspices for the vote himself.
C
In the case of a vote on a lex, the period between the start and end of the voting must last no fewer than 120 hours (5 days).
D
In the case of a vote on the guilt or innocence of an accused citizen tried before the Comitia Centuriata, the period between the start and end of the voting must last no fewer than 192 hours (8 days).
E
The ability to vote during the voting period may be impacted and/or suspended due to calendrical issues as enacted by decreta of the Collegium Pontificum.
F
The diribitores shall tally the vote and shall deliver the results to the presiding magistrate within 48 hours of the close of the voting period; in the cases of a magisterial election, the diribitores shall also announce in the appropriate public fora various running tallies as provided in V.B below.
G
The presiding magistrate shall announce the results of the vote within 24 hours of receiving the results from the diribitores in at least the same venues as the original announcement calling the comitia was published.
4. Voting procedures.
A
The censors shall issue to each citizen a unique voter identification code. This code shall be used to maintain anonymity in the voting process, and to minimize the possibility of vote fraud. In a timely fashion prior to the vote, the censors shall make available to the diribitores a list of valid voter identification codes and the centuries with which they are associated. The diribitores shall not have access to the names of the citizens associated with particular voter identification codes.
B
In consultation with the diribitores, the magister aranearius shall make available a cista, a secure web-based form, to allow citizens to vote directly through the official Nova Roma web site. This form shall record the voter identification number and desired vote(s) of the individual. The information thus collected will either be forwarded to the diribitores as it is gathered, or at the end of the process, at their discretion. Alternative methods of voting may be enacted by other legislation as required.
C
In the case of a magisterial election, each voter shall have the option to mark the each candidate "yes (uti rogas)" or to leave the candidate unmarked; each ballot shall carry the following direction: "you may vote for as many candidates as you wish, but you are advised to vote only for those candidates you strongly support." In the case of legislation, for each proposed law, each voter shall have the option to vote "yes (uti rogas)" or "no (antiquo)." In the case of a trial each voter shall have the option to vote "absolvo" (I absolve, innocent), or "condemno" (I condemn, guilty). Once cast, no vote may be altered, even with the correct voter identification code. Should multiple votes be registered with the same voter identification code, only the first one recorded shall be used when tallying the vote.
5. Procedures for counting votes.
A
Votes shall be counted by centuries.
1.
In the case of a magisterial election, the votes of each century shall be calculated as follows. For each century, the candidates shall be ordered by the number of 'yes' votes they receive from voters in that century, the candidate who receives most 'yes' votes (ties being decided by lot) being numbered 1, and so on in descending order. If any candidates have no 'yes' votes from voters in that century, those candidates shall not be listed.
2.
In the case of a vote on a lex, each century shall vote in favor of the lex if a majority of the votes received by members of the century are in favor. Otherwise, the century shall be considered to have voted against the proposed lex.
3.
In the case of a vote on the guilt or innocence of a citizen tried before the Comitia Centuriata, each century shall vote for conviction if a majority of the votes received from members of that century are marked "condemno." Ties within a century will result in that century voting to acquit.
4.
The custodes may decide how decisions by lot shall be made in a fair manner. In the case of trials, no decisions will be made by lot.
B
(the whole paragraph has been replaced by lex Curiatia Iulia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum July, 18, 2762 auc. The new applicable text is: )
In the case of magisterial elections, the voting period shall last no fewer than 192 hours (8 days), with all centuries casting their votes concurrently. Reports of the voting results shall be announced sequentially.
1. The Diribitores shall select by lot one century from among the first class centuries to serve as the Centuria Praerogativa. No century containing only one member shall be selected for this purpose.
2. Within forty-eight (48) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the Diribitores shall tally the votes of all those who have cast votes thus far in the Centuria Praerogativa, and shall announce those results no later than 48 hours after the beginning of the voting period.
3. Ninety-six (96) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the Diribitores shall tally the votes of all those who have voted thus far, and shall announce the results of only the first class centuries no later than 120 hours after the beginning of the voting period.
4. All voting shall cease after no less than 192 hours (8 days) have past and no more than 216 hours (9 days) have past after the beginning of the voting period. The Diribitores shall then tally all votes cast and within 48 hours later report the results solely to the presiding magistrate and to his or her colleague as per 3.F.
note of the praetura: Lex Curiata Iulia changes the previous proceedings. Now, every century may vote from the opening of the vote. The notion of prerogative century now just has consequences on first the tally and second the announce of the cast votes: first the prerogativa, second the first classes, third all the reminding ones.
C
Results shall be counted by century.
1.
In the case of a magisterial election, the results are calculated as follows.
1.
In the first round, the first (number one) preferences of the centuries are compared. If at this stage any candidate is the first preference of more than fifty per cent of the centuries (not including any 'void' centuries - centuries in which no 'yes' votes were cast), that candidate is elected. If no candidate has a majority of first-preference votes, then the candidate who is the number one choice of fewest centuries (ties being decided by lot) is eliminated. The election or elimination of a candidate ends the first round.
2.
If there still are vacancies to be filled, there is a second round in which each century which voted for the elected or eliminated candidate as its first choice is given to its second choice candidate. If any such century has no second choice, that century becomes 'void'. As before, if any candidate now has a majority of the centuries (not including any 'void' centuries), he or she is elected. If not, the candidate with the fewest centuries is eliminated. This concludes the second round.
3.
If there are still vacancies to be filled, each century held by the candidate who was elected or eliminated in the previous round is given to its second choice candidate or, if that candidate has been elected or eliminated, to its third choice candidate. Any century having no candidate as its next choice becomes 'void'. Any candidate who now has a majority of centuries (not including 'void' centuries) is elected, and if no candidate has a majority then the candidate with the fewest centuries is eliminated, ending the third round.
4.
This procedure is repeated until all the vacancies are filled.
5.
If at the end of any round the number of candidates is equal to the number of vacancies and all the candidates have the same number of centuries, the tie is decided by lot, but rather than eliminate the loser, the winner is elected, and the round ends.
2.
In the case of a vote on a lex, a simple majority of the centuries casting votes must vote in favor for the lex to be adopted.
3.
In the case of a trial before the Comitia Centuriata, a majority of the centuries most vote in favor of conviction in order for the accused to be convicted.
4.
In the case of a magisterial elections, a "majority" is defined as "one half of the number of centuries (not including 'void' centuries) plus one, fractions being rounded down".
5.
In the case of a vote on a lex, a "simple majority" is hereby defined as "one half of the number of centuries casting votes, plus one, fractions being rounded down". A century in which no voters cast votes shall not be counted toward this total.
6.
In the case of a trial before the Comitia Centuriata, a "majority" is defined as "one half of the total number of centuries, plus one, fractions being rounded down."
Even those centuries in which no voters cast votes shall be counted, as implicit votes for acquittal, toward the total.
D
Votes may be tallied by automated means should the diribitores determine such is preferable to, and at least as accurate as, a manual count.
E
Only the aggregate votes of the centuries shall be delivered to the presiding magistrate; the votes of individual citizens shall be secret.
Notes of the praetura :
1/ In accordance with the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris and praetorian edictum, the titles of rogatores and curator araneum have here been changed to the current applicable diribitores, custodes, and magister aranearius. The rogatores are now registrars of new citizens working in the censor's office; the diribitores count votes, and the custodes break ties and certify elections [A. Tullia Scholastica, interpres linguae Latinae, scriba praetoris et magistri araneari, 2758].
2/ The previous and original text of paragraph V.B. was the following one:
"In the case of a magisterial election, voting shall be sequential.
1. A century from the first class shall be selected by lot by the diribitores to vote first. No century containing only one member shall be selected for this purpose. For the first 48 hours of the voting period only members of that century shall be permitted to vote.
2. Twenty-four (24) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the diribitores shall tally the votes of all those who have voted so far according to the method set out in A.1 above, and shall announce the result no later than 48 hours after the beginning of the voting period.
3. Forty-eight (48) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the rest of the centuries in the first class shall be permitted to vote; members of the century selected under B.1 above who have not yet voted shall still be permitted to vote.
4. Ninety-six (96) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the diribitores shall tally the votes of all those who have voted so far according to the method set out in A.1 above, and shall announce the results no later than 120 hours after the beginning of the voting period.
5. One hundred twenty (120) hours after the beginning of the voting period, everyone who is eligible to vote but has not yet done so shall be permitted to vote. All voting shall cease no less than 216 hours after the beginning of the voting period."
[Pr. Memmius Nov. a.d. XVII Kal. Dec. 2762 auc]
Learn more ...
LXIX: Lex Salicia poenalis
PARS PRIMA: PRINCIPIA GENERALIA
1. Temporal Applicability:
2. Application in Space and Duality of Legislation:
3. Rights of Citizenship:
4. Penalty Determination and Principles of Reparation and Deterrence:
5. Commission by action or inaction:
6. Exclusion of Offence, Presumption of Innocence, and Burden of Proof:
7. Sui Iuris Status Requirement:
8. Representative action:
9. Incitement, Conspiracy, and Attempted Offences:
10. Court Composition:
11. Contumacy:
12. Legal Precedence:
PARS ALTERA: DE CRIMINIBVS POENISQVE
13. Definition of Poenae:
14. CALVMNIAE (Libel and Slander):
15. SOLLICITVDO (Electronic Harassment)
16. FALSVM (Fraud, Swindle, Perjury and Falsification):
17. ABVSVS POTESTATIS (Magisterial Abuse):
18. CONTVMELIA PIETATE (Offences against Piety):
19. AMBITVS ET LARGITIO (Voting Irregularities):
20. PECVLATVS (Fund Embezzlement):
21. LAESA PATRIAE (Treason Against the Republic):
22. INIVRIA (Injury):
Learn more ...
LXX: Lex Labiena de praetoribus agendis in loco parentium
1. Any citizen who is 18 years of age or older and unable to contact a paterfamilias or materfamilias (hereinafter referred to as the paterfamilias) may present a petition to a praetor.
2. Upon receiving such a petition, the praetor may either dismiss the petition or summon the paterfamilias to answer the petition. The summons shall be delivered to the last known e-mail address of the paterfamilias and published on Nova Roma's official mailing list. The praetor is free to pursue other courses of action in an effort to contact the paterfamilias as the praetor sees fit.
3. If the paterfamilias responds to the summons within 45 days, the petition shall be dismissed.
4. If the paterfamilias fails to respond to the summons within 45 days, the praetor shall have the authority to act in loco parentis and approve or deny the petition.
Learn more ...
LXXI: Lex Labiena de custodia perpetua fori
In the event that no praetor is elected during Nova Roma's yearly elections for magistrates, the praetors of the preceding year, along with any scribae they have appointed for the task, shall continue to act as the moderators of the main list until a praetor is elected to take their place.
Learn more ...
LXXII: Lex Fabia de oppidis et municipiis
1. Membership:
2. Features of local communities:
3. Approval of local communities:
4. Comitia:
5. Legal precedence:
6. Local Magistrates:
7. A local group based in the city of Rome, Italy, shall use the title "urbs" in order to recognize Rome's glorious past.
Learn more ...
LXXIII: Lex Didia Gemina de potestate tribunicia
I. IVS SENATVS CONVOCANDI (The Right of Convoking the Senate).
Any Tribunus Plebis may call the Senate to order as set forth in the Constitutio, article IV. VII. D. I, and therefore follows the rules governing internal procedures of the Senatus as article V. F of the Constitution states.
II. IVS AUXILI FERENDI (The Right of Bringing Assistance)
A. Since the Ius Auxili Ferendi is a fundamental prerogative of a Tribunus Plebis as set forth in IV. 7. A of our Constitutio, in order for an act of intercessio to be valid the following procedure must be followed whether it is requested by a citizen or performed in his official capacity.
B. When administering the law in accordance with Article IV. A. 7. d. iii of the Constitution, a Tribunus Plebis must adjudicate in accordance with current law and the iurisprudentia established by the Praetor and serve the interests of the Plebs and the citizens of Nova Roma.
C. Resolving Disputes Among the Plebs.
A Tribunus Plebis shall arbitrate disputes between plebeian citizens if the parties involved so agree. If any party shall refuse to agree to such arbitration, the Tribunus Plebis shall refer the matter to the Praetor for adjudication under the Lex Salicia Iudiciaria. If the parties agree to arbitration by a Tribunus Plebis, they shall accept the decision of the Tribunus and may not seek further relief under the Lex Salicia Iudiciaria. The Tribunus Plebis who shall arbitrate the dispute will be chosen by an agreement of the parties. If there is no agreement, the oldest Tribunus Plebis will arbitrate the dispute.
III. TRIBUNICIA POTESTAS (Tribunician Power).
The office of Tribunus Plebis is Sacred in the Republic and endowed on this account with the following powers:
A. Summa Coercendi Potestas.
Any citizen or magistrate who interferes with the official action(s) of a Tribunus Plebis shall be fined by that Tribunus with a multa pecuniaria of no more than thirty U.S. dollars ($30.00), paid to the treasury of Nova Roma and devoted to Ceres. Such a penalty cannot be suspended or revoked except by intercessio of another Tribunus Plebis, or a Praetorian appraisal which should permit the fined citizen further recourse at law under the Lex Salicia Iudiciaria. The right of provocatio will be respected as Article II. B. 5 of the constitution states.
B. Potestas Sacrosancta.
Any citizen or magistrate who shall do violence to a Tribunus Plebis in the course of his official duties or refuse to abide by a legal exercise of intercessio shall be brought before the Praetores and judged in accordance with the Lex Salicia Iudiciaria. The severity of the poena shall be determined in the Praetor's formula in accordance with the severity of the offence. The trial for this offence should be completed within sixty days of submission of the petitio actionis to the Praetor by the Tribunus Plebis, respecting Praetor's use of his discretion on dates. Completion of the term of office of the actor Tribunus Plebis shall not affect trial for an offence for which a petitio actionis has been filed prior to the completion of that Tribunus Plebis' term.
Learn more ...
LXXIV: Lex Moravia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis et ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum
I. ((Repeal))
The Lex Salicia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis is hereby repealed.
II. ((Repeal))
The Lex Labiena de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum is hereby repealed.
III. ((Conflict with previous leges))
Any other previously enacted Leges and Edicta concerning voting in the Comitia Plebis Tributa are considered valid where the contents of those Leges and Edicta do not conflict with the LEX MORAVIA DE SVFFRAGIIS IN COMITIIS PLEBIS TRIBVTIS ET RATIONE COMITIORVM PLEBIS TRIBVTORVM. Where they are in conflict, the LEX MORAVIA DE SVFFRAGIIS IN COMITIIS PLEBIS TRIBVTIS ET RATIONE COMITIORVM PLEBIS TRIBVTORVM shall supersede.
IV. Calling the Comitia to Order
As described in the Constitution, a Tribunis Plebis may call the Comitia Plebis Tributa to order, to hold a vote on a plebiscite or plebiscites, or to hold an election. The magistrate who calls the Comitia to order shall be referred to herein as the presiding magistrate.
V. Timing of the Vote
VI. Voting Procedures for Magisterial Elections
VII. Voting Procedures for Plebiscites
VIII. Voting Procedures in the case of a Trial
IX. ((Mechanical counting))
Votes may be tallied by automated means should the diribitores determine such is preferable to, and at least as accurate as, a manual count.
X. ((Order of business))
On a ballot that has a mixture of magisterial elections, plebiscite(s), and/or a trial, the listing of candidates and the respective offices shall be placed first on the ballot, followed by the plebiscite(s), and/or the details of the trial respectively.
XI. ((Reporting))
Only the aggregate votes of the tribes shall be delivered to the presiding magistrate; the votes of individual citizens shall be secret.
[In accordance with subsequent law and praetorian edictum, the titles "rogatores" and "curator araneum" have been replaced by the more correct "diribitores" and "custodes" for the former, and "magister aranearius" for the latter. The diribitores count votes, the custodes break ties and certify elections, and the rogatores, who used to perform both functions, now register new citizens in conjunction with the censores]. </div>
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
LXXV: Lex Moravia de renuntiatione senatus actorum
I. Procedures for Reporting the Senate's Call to Order.
A. The reporting Tribune shall publish the agenda of the Senate's meeting in the Forum romanum and the Comitia Plebis Tributa forum/-a (1) within 72 hours of the presiding magistrate's call to order of the Senate.
B. Within this announcement to the people, the Tribune shall include:
II. Procedures for Reporting the Results of the Senate's Meetings
A. The reporting Tribune shall report the results of the Senate meeting in the Forum romanum and the Comitia Plebis Tributa forum/-a (1) within 168 hours (7 days) of the close of voting of the Senate.
B. Within the report to the people, the Tribune shall include:
(1) : the original text is "in the Nova Roma and the Comitia Plebis Tributa fora". This writing let the reader think that the Comitia Plebis Tributa (CPT) fora is not in Nova Roma. Here, what was meant is referring to the Forum romanum aka "the main list". The word "fora", applied to the Comitia Plebis, has then been corrected in "forum/-a", to let the future open, though, currently, there is but one CPT forum.
Correction made by application of lex Equitia de corrigendum legum erratis and of legal principle "Qui potest majus potest et minus".
P. Memmius Albucius, praetor 2762 auc.
Learn more ...
LXXVI: Lex Fabia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum
I. All previous laws relating to the Comitia Populi Tributa are hereby rescinded as they apply to the election of magistrates and the voting of leges by the Comitia Populi Tributa. This Lex Fabia de Ratione Comitiorum Populi Tributorum is hereby enacted to define the procedures by which the Comitia Populi shall conduct the business of electing magistrates, voting on leges, and voting to convict or acquit citizens brought to trial before the Comitia Populi Tributa.
II. Calling the Comitia to Order. Either a Consul or Praetor may, as described in the Constitution, call the Comitia to order to hold a vote on a lex or leges, to hold an election, or to conduct a trial. The magistrate who calls the Comitia to order shall be referred to herein as the presiding magistrate.
A. This shall be done by making a public announcement announcing the call in those public fora which shall have been designated for such purpose, in which must be included:
1. The names of candidates for office and the office for which they are running (when the Comitia is being called for an election);
2. Date of Citizenship of each candidate;
3. The full text of any leges which are being voted on (when the Comitia are being called to legislate);
4. The dates when the members of the Comitia shall begin and finish voting.
5. Any special instructions that pertain to the mechanics of the vote.
6. In the case of a trial, the name of the accused, and the charges and specifications of which he or she is accused.
B. The presiding magistrate shall have the responsibility for taking all reasonable precautions to ensure that candidates for a vote hold whatever qualifications are required by law. The Censors shall assist in such efforts as to the best of their ability.
III. Timing of the vote.
A. The edictum containing the call to vote must be issued at least 120 hours (5 days) prior to the start of the vote. This period shall be known as the Contio, and shall be used for formal discussion of the issues and/or candidates before the People for a vote.
1. In the event that, in an election for a magisterial office, there are not enough candidates elected to fill all vacancies in that office, the presiding magistrate may call for a follow-up election among those same candidates who failed to obtain that office in the previous election. For these follow-up elections, the 120-hour (5-day) requirement for the length of the Contio (official discussion period) shall be shortened to 24 hours.
B. During the Contio, the following conditions shall apply:
1. Those constitutionally empowered to do so may exercise their powers of intercessio or nuntiatio.
a. Intercessio may be exercised against either the entire election or vote, or against one or more individual items on the ballot. If there are any items on the ballot that have not been subjected to intercessio, voting on them shall proceed normally. The removal of an item from the ballot due to intercessio shall not prevent that item from being placed upon the ballot for a different vote at a later time.
b. The exercise of nuntiatio shall extend the Contio, postponing the starting and ending dates of the voting period by twenty-four (24) hours, during which time nuntiatio may again be exercised.
c. Should the exercise of nuntiatio cause the voting period to move such that it conflicts with calendrical restrictions as defined by the Collegium Pontificum, the presiding magistrate may change or extend the dates of the vote and/or contio at his discretion.
2. A member of the Collegium Augurum shall be invited by the presiding magistrate to seek favorable auspices for the conduct of the vote, subject to those rules and regulations the Collegium Augurum shall set forth by decreta, by selecting by lot the presidium (the first tribe to be counted) and ruling whether or not the lot is auspicious. The selection of Suburana shall always be regarded as inauspicious. Should the presiding magistrate himself be a member of the Collegium Augurum, he may take the auspices for the vote himself.
C. In the case of a vote on a lex, the period between the start and end of the voting must last no less than 120 hours (5 days).
D. In the case of a vote on the guilt or innocence of an accused citizen tried before the Comitia Populi Tributa, the period between the start and end of the voting must last no less than 192 hours (8 days).
E. The ability to vote during the voting period may be impacted and/or suspended due to calendrical issues as enacted by decreta of the Collegium Pontificum.
F. The diribitores shall tally the vote and shall deliver the results to the presiding magistrate within 48 hours of the close of the voting period.
G. The presiding magistrate shall announce the results of the vote within 24 hours of receiving the results from the diribitores, in at least the same venues as the original announcement calling the vote was published.
IV. Voting procedures.
A. The censors shall issue to each citizen a unique voter identification code. This code shall be used to maintain anonymity in the voting process, and to minimize the possibility of vote fraud. In a timely fashion prior to the vote, the censors shall make available to the diribitores a list of valid voter identification codes and the centuries and/or tribes with which they are associated. The diribitores shall not have access to the names of the citizens associated with particular voter identification codes.
B. In consultation with the diribitores, the magister aranearius shall make available a cista, a secure web-based form, to allow citizens to vote directly through the official Nova Roma web site. This form shall record the voter identification number and desired vote(s) of the individual. The information thus collected will either be forwarded to the diribitores as it is gathered, or at the end of the process, at their discretion. Alternative methods of voting may be enacted by other legislation as required.
C. For each candidate in the case in the case of a magisterial election, each voter shall have the option to mark the candidate 'yes (uti rogas)' or to leave the candidate unmarked; each ballot shall carry the following direction: 'you may vote for as many candidates as you wish, but you are advised to vote only for those candidates you strongly support'. For each proposed law in the case of legislation, each voter shall have the option of voting 'yes (uti rogas)' or 'no (antiquo)'. In the case of a trial, each voter shall have the option of voting "absolvo" (absolve, innocent), or "condemno" (condemn, guilty). Once cast, no vote may be altered, even with the correct voter identification code. Should multiple votes be registered with the same voter identification code, only the first one recorded shall be used when tallying the vote.
V. Procedures for counting votes.
A. Votes shall be counted by tribes.
1. In the case of a magisterial election, the votes of each tribe shall be calculated as follows. For each tribe, the candidates shall be ordered by the number of 'yes' votes they receive from voters in that tribe, the candidate who receives most 'yes' votes (ties being decided by lot) being numbered 1, and so on in descending order. If any candidates have no 'yes' votes from voters in that tribe, those candidates shall not be listed. Any tribe containing no 'yes' votes is 'void'.
2. In the case of a vote on a lex, each tribe shall vote in favor of the lex if a majority of the votes received by members of the tribe are in favor. Otherwise, the tribe shall be considered to have voted against the proposed lex. Ties shall be decided by lot.
3. In the case of a vote on the guilt or innocence of a citizen tried before the Comitia Populi Tributa, each tribe shall vote for conviction if a majority of the votes received from members of that tribe are marked condemno. Ties within a tribe will result in that century voting to acquit.
4. The custodes may decide how such decisions by lot shall be made in a fair manner. In the case of trials, no decisions will be made by lot.
B. The results of the tribes shall be counted sequentially, as follows.
1. The votes of all the tribes are compared, beginning with the presidium (as selected under II.B.2) and rotating through the rest of the tribes in their standard order.
2. The standard order of the tribes is: Suburana, Esquilina, Collina, Palatina, Romilia, Scaptia, Stellatina, Teretina, Voturia, Sergia, Tromentina, Oufetina, Fabia, Clustuminia, Lemonia, Horatia, Quirina, Cornelia, Sabatina, Aemilia, Aniensis, Falerna, Camillia, Galeria, Pomptina, Claudia, Velina, Menenia, Papiria, Votinia, Poblilia, Pollia, Maecia, Pupinia, Arnensis. So if, for exmple, the presidium is Pupinia, the next tribe will be Arnensis, the next Suburana, and so on.
3. In the case of a magisterial election, results are calculated as follows.
a. As soon as 18 (or, if any tribes are 'void', more than half the remaining tribes) tribes with the same first (number one) preference have been counted, that candidate is immediately elected. If no candidate is the first preference of a majority of the tribes, the candidate who is the first choice of fewest tribes (ties being decided by lot) is eliminated. The election or elimination of a candidate ends the first round.
b. If there are still vacancies to be filled, there is a second round in each tribe which voted for the elected or eliminated candidate as its first choice is given to its second choice candidate. If any tribe has no second choice, it becomes 'void'. The tribes are now compared again in the same order. As before, as soon as a majority of tribes (not including 'void' tribes) have been counted voting for the same candidate, that candidate is elected. If no candidate has a majority, the candidate with the fewest tribes is eliminated. This concludes the second round.
c. If there are still vacancies to be filled, each tribe held by the candidate who was elected or eliminated in the previous round is given to its second choice candidate or, if that candidate has been elected or eliminated, to its third choice candidate. Any tribe having no candidate as its next choice becomes 'void'. The tribes are counted again, in the same order, and any candidate who now has a majority of tribes (not including 'void' tribes) is elected; if no candidate has a majority then the candidate with the fewest tribes is eliminated, ending the third round.
d. This procedure is repeated until all the vacancies are filled.
e. If at the end of any round the number of candidates is equal to the number of vacancies and all the candidates have the same number of tribes, the tie is decided by lot, but rather than eliminate the loser, the winner is elected, and the round ends.
2. In the case of a vote on a lex, the tribes shall be counted in order, and as soon as a simple majority of the tribes casting votes have voted in favour, the lex is passed; if a majority votes against, the lex fails.
3. In the case of a trial, the tribes shall be counted in order, and as soon as 18 tribes have voted to condemn, the reus is convicted; if 18 or more tribes vote to absolve, the reus is absolved.
4. In the case of a magisterial elections, a "majority" is defined as "one half of the number of tribes (not including 'void' tribes) plus one, fractions being rounded down".
5. In the case of a vote on a lex, a "simple majority" is hereby defined as "one half of the number of tribes casting votes, plus one, fractions being rounded down". A tribe in which no voters cast votes shall not be counted toward this total.
6. In the case of a trial before the Comitia Populi Tributa, a "majority" is defined as 18 or more tribes. Tribes in which no votes are cast shall be counted as voting for acquittal.
C. Votes may be tallied by automated means should the diribitores determine such is preferable to, and at least as accurate as, a manual count.
D. Only the aggregate votes of the tribes shall be delivered to the presiding magistrate; the votes of individual citizens shall be secret.
[In accordance with the subsequent Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris and praetorian edictum, the titles "rogatores" and "curator araneum" have been changed to the current, and more correct, "diribitores" or "custodes" and "magister aranearius," respectively. The duties formerly assigned to the rogatores have been divided; the diribitores now count votes, the custodes break ties and certify elections. The rogatores now assist the censores in registering new citizens].
[A. Tullia Scholastica, interpres linguae Latinae, scriba praetoris et magistri araneari, 2758].
Learn more ...
LXXVII: Lex Fabia centuriata
In accordance with paragraph II. E. 2. of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Fabia Centuriata is hereby enacted to instruct the Censors in the matter of the division of the voting citizenry of Nova Roma into their respective centuries. This Lex Fabia replaces the item II. B of the Lex Vedia Centuriata, enacted in 30 Jul. 2752. The Lex Iunia Centuriata, approved in 22 Dec. 2752, is hereby rescinded.
Item II. B shall be read as follows: II. B. The record of public service of each citizen shall be quantified according to the following rules. (Except for points awarded for term of citizenship, points shall be awarded cumulatively, but shall not carry over from year to year).
Century points will be recalculated for all citizens. Points will be awarded for all relevant events in each citizen's records based upon the values established in this lex. The law will take effect on the 1st of January 2757 AUC
II.B.1. MAGISTRATVS ORDINARII If a magistrate only serves part of his term as a suffectus or resigns his/her office while in office, Past Service points will be awarded partially. This will be based on two-month increments rounding down. Current Service points will be awarded for the period remaining, also based on two-month increments rounding down.
Censor: 30 CP 15 CP (past service)
Consul: 30 CP 15 CP (past service)
Praetor and Tribunus Plebis: 20 CP 10 CP (past service)
Aedilis Curulis 14 CP 7 CP (past service)
Aedilis Plebis: 12 CP 6 CP (past service)
Quaestor and Vigintisexvir: 10 CP 5 CP (past service)
II.B.2. MAGISTRATVS EXTRAORDINARII
Dictator: 30 CP 15 CP (past service)
Interrex: 6 CP 3 CP (past service)
II.B.3. APPARITORES Citizens may hold more than one position in a magistrate's staff, but get points for the highest one only.
Accensus: 5 CP 2 CP (past service)
Scriba: 5 CP 2 CP (past service)
II.B.4. PROVINCIAL POSITIONS Citizens may hold more than one provincial position, but get points for the highest one only. The ranks and titles of officials included in each rank are defined by each governor. The LEX VEDIA PROVINCIALIS (now a part of the Constitution) was "enacted to enable governors and the Senate more flexibility in establishing and maintaining the administrative institutions and mechanisms of provinciae." The main idea of this part of this law is also founded on flexibility. No limit is set for each rank of officials, except for the first rank officials.
Governor: 20 CP 10 CP (past service)
1st rank Official (one per provincia): 8 CP 4 CP (past service)
2nd rank Official: 6 CP 3 CP (past service)
3rd rank Official: 4 CP 2 CP (past service)
4th rank Official: 2 CP 1 CP (past service)
Provincial Sacerdos: 14 CP
II.B.5. SACERDOTES
Pontifex Maximus, Rex/Regina Sacrorum, Flamen Maior, Vestal Maxima: 30 CP
Pontifex, Flamen Minor, Augur, Vestal: 20 CP
Other Sacerdotes: 20 CP
II.B.6. OTHER POSITIONS
Senator: 20 CP
Pater Patriae: 10 CP
The Senate shall have the authority to issue points for special appointed positions, as well as rewards for special services performed on behalf of the State. Such rewards must be announced at the time of the appointment, and may not be awarded retroactively.
II.B.7. SODALITATES POSITIONS (officially sanctioned sodalitates only) Citizens may hold more than one sodalitas position, but get points for the highest one only. The positions and titles of officials included in each rank are defined by each Head.
Head of a Sodalitas 10 CP
Person of High Authority: 6 CP
Person of Minor Authority: 3 CP
II.B.8. ORDINES AND CANDIDATURES
Ordines: Ordo Patricius - 10 CP Ordo Plebeius - 5 CP Ordo Equester - 7 CP, which is in addition to those already awarded for membership in the Patrician or Plebeian orders.
Length of citizenship: Less than 6 months - 2 CP More than 6 months - 5 CP More than 12 months - 10 CP Each year after 1 year - + 10 CP (up to 50)
Unsuccesssfully run for office: 2 CP
It is not possible to accumulate century points by unsuccessfully running for more than one office per year. </div>
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
LXXVIII: Lex Labiena de nominibus mutandis
The gender of the name is to be consistent; each part is to agree with all others in gender.
Learn more ...
LXXIX: Lex Labiena de civium iure
Article II.B.6 of the Constitution of Nova Roma is hereby amended to read:
Learn more ...
LXXX: Lex Labiena de gentibus
I. ((Amendment to chapter II.C.1))
Article II.C.1 of the Constitution of Nova Roma is hereby amended to read:
II. ((Transitional arrangements))
At the time of adoption of this amendment the family of the paterfamilis of a gens recognized as patrician shall be recognized as a Patrician Family.
III. ((Amendment to chapter II.D))
Article II.D of the Constitution of Nova Roma is hereby amended to read:
IV. ((Amendment to chapter III.A))
Article III.A of the Constitution of Nova Roma is hereby amended to include the following three new subsections:
V. ((Further transitional arrangements))
All current citizens shall be grandfathered into the familia of their preference. These citizens shall retain the right to change familia for one year after the adoption of this amendment. This right shall not be used to force a paterfamilias to accept a citizen that he does not want into his familia.
Learn more ...
LXXXI: Lex Fabia Labiena de iure augurum
Article VI.B.2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma is hereby amended to read:
Learn more ...
LXXXII: Lex Labiena de obnuntiatione
I. ((Constitutional amendment))
Article VI.B.2.b.ii of the Constitution of Nova Roma is hereby amended to read:
II. ((Interpretation of other documents))
Any mention of nuntiatio throughout Nova Roma's official documents, including leges, decreta, senatus consulta, edicta, etc., that have been enacted to date shall be assumed to refer to obnuntiatio. These official documents shall be emended to change nuntiatio to obnuntiatio by the curator araneum and his or her staff at the earliest reasonable opportunity.
Learn more ...
LXXXIII: Lex Equitia de corrigendum legum erratis
Paragraph IV. A. 8. of the Constitution of Nova Roma mandates that the webmaster and other vigintisexviri 'fulfill such necessary functions as shall be assigned to them by law.'
It is both prudent and desirable to rectify the many minor errors in our laws which alter neither their spirit nor intent, but which mar them nonetheless.
I. The webmaster is hereby assigned the duty of correcting typographical, orthographic, grammatical, and similar errors existing in past, present, and future legislation, insofar as these alter neither the spirit nor the intent of the law.
II. Magistrates are hereby required to have all proposed laws reviewed by a competent Latin translator to ensure that any errors which may occur in proposed laws are corrected before the webmaster may include them in a cista for voting. [A 'cista' is what we call a web page containing the names of candidates and the text of proposed laws so that voters may see them before voting].
III. The webmaster, or a competent proofreader designated by this magistrate, shall also review all proposed laws for errors named in Paragraph I above, and correct them as necessary before including them in a cista for voting.
IV. This law shall take effect immediately upon ratification by the Comitia Populi Tributa.
Learn more ...
LXXXIV: Lex Arminia de officiis aedilium plebis
I. This law is intended to bring Nova Roma closer to the Ancient Way, and to contribute to the growth of the Res Publica through greater organization of its Plebeian Class.
II. This law brings the duties of the Plebeian Aediles into the scope of the Plebeian Class. These are not the sole duties of the plebeian aediles, since the Nova Roman Constitution or any law voted by the Comitia on this subject may give the plebeian aediles duties affecting the entire Res Publica.
A. Among these are keeping and managing any funds, equipment, buildings, or properties of the Plebs, or funds received by donation or fund raising, in the same way as any funds, equipment, buildings, or properties assigned to the care of the Plebs by the Nova Roma government are the responsibility of their aediles
B. The plebeian aediles will answer to the Tribunes for the properties of the Plebs.
C. Organizing and moderating the Comitia Plebis Tributa Forum.
D.
E. Organizing at least two major plebeian ludi: the Ludi Cereales and the Ludi Plebeii.
F. Organizing the Tribunes' list of vetos or tribunician intercessio on a given subject, and providing it to the magistrates when asked.
G. Setting the agenda of the Comitia Plebis Tributa Voting, as it is elected after or at the same time as the approval of this lex by the Comitia.
Learn more ...
LXXXV: Lex Arminia senatoria
This law is intended to bring the Nova Roman Res Publica closer to the Ancient Way, restore the aedilician equilibrium, to contribute to the harvest of members for the Senate, and restore the rights of the curule magistrates.
Learn more ...
LXXXVI: Lex Arminia de cursu honorum
This lex is intended to bring Nova Roma closer in line with the ancient Roman way, and allow better diffusion of Nova Roma to the whole world.
A. A plebeian candidate must spend at least six months in the Tribuneship, Quaestorship, Curatorship or Propraetorship to run for the aedileship of the plebs.
B. A current plebeian scriba of one of the current plebeian aediles may run for the aedileship without the exigencies of paragraph A. of this lex if he proves he was an aedile's scriba for at least six months.
Learn more ...
LXXXVII: Lex Arminia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum
Lex Arminia de Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum is intended to bring Nova Roma closer to the Ancient Way.
Sub-Sections V. A, V. B and V. C of Lex Moravia de Suffragiis in Comitiis Plebis Tributis et Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum are hereby revoked and these dispositions are declared void of legal application.
All other sub-sections of section V continue to be valid as well as the rest of the Lex Moravia de Suffragiis in Comitiis Plebis Tributis et Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum.
Learn more ...
LXXXVIII: Lex Arminia de ministris provincialibus
This law applies to clarify a specific case in the Lex Arminia de edictis.
1. Due to the passing of potestas et imperium, when there is a change of governor [1] in a province, all of his provincial apparitores (such as scribae, legati, etc.) are automatically relieved from their duties. If the new governor [1] desires to keep a previous apparitor, he must re-issue an edictum nominating him or her.
2. Confirming lex Arminia de edictis, all provincial edicta are automatically revoked when there is a change of governor [1], and the new magistrate does not confirm them in his/her imperium.
3. When the term of governor [1] of a province is extended by the Senate, there is no need to re-issue the edicta of the previous year; the same magistrate is the issuer.
[1] The original version said "Propraetor or Proconsul". In fact, the constitution well mentions "governors" to be appointed by the senate at the head of Nova Roma provinces. Currently, the governors are called legati pro praetore, except for provinces ruled by a praetor or consul, former praetor or consul. In this case, the governor has the title of, for example, "praetor [name of the province at the Latin genitive case]". Italia, not been currently considered as a 'province', is ruled by a praefectus Italiae.
Learn more ...
LXXXIX: Lex Arminia de levandis censorum oneribus
This law is intended to alleviate the burden of the censors, recognizing the expansion of Nova Roma through many countries, languages, and cultures, and allow for improved promulgation of Nova Roma in all parts of the world.
1. A censor, via an edictum specifying the names of specific citizens to be contacted and the time interval during which the edictum is effective, may temporarily delegate censorial powers to a provincial governor and to that governor's designated legate in order to reach a citizen within that governor's province.
2. A provincial governor empowered under the terms of this law shall issue a report to the censor detailing the results of the search. This report may, at the censor's discretion, be made public after any sensitive information has been removed from it.
3. The censor may use the information provided in the provincial governor's report in the execution of censorial duties.
This law shall take effect immediately.
Learn more ...
XC: Lex Arminia de fovenda lingua latina
This law is intended to encourage classical studies and increase the usage of Latin among the citizens of Nova Roma, recognizing that the fostering of the Latin language is one of the most important and strategic concerns of Nova Roman government.
1. A citizen sufficiently skilled in the Latin language that he or she can correct existing texts in Latin [i.e., proofread them] and translate accurately from his or her native language into Latin who has also served the Res Publica in this capacity may petition the Senate for the honorary title of "Latinist."
2. The application of the citizen shall be sent to the Senate through the consules. The Senate will vote on the proposal and a simple majority shall be sufficient to approve the title.
3. The Latinist shall be released from paying the tax for the following year. To be considered assiduus (assidua), the Latinist must only write to the Consular Quaestor in charge of tax collection during the tax payment period confirming his (her) status as Latinist.
4. The title of Latinist must be reviewed annually by the Senate, and will be valid from the time of approval until the end of the year. The tax release, however, will be valid only for the following year, even though it is renewed.
5. A Senatus consultum may specify other rules for the application of a Latinist.
6. The title of Latinist shall be considered a title granted by the Senate to citizens for their services to the Res Publica in the promotion of Latin studies.
Note by Praetor C. Aemilius Crassus: This lex was amended by Cornelia de Arminia de fovenda lingua latina corrigenda and reads as follows:
"This law is intended to encourage classical studies and increase the usage of Latin among the citizens of Nova Roma, recognizing that the fostering of the Latin language is one of the most important and strategic concerns of Nova Roman government.
1. A citizen sufficiently skilled in the Latin language that he or she can correct existing texts in Latin [i.e., proofread them] and translate accurately from his or her native language into Latin who has also served the Res Publica in this capacity may petition the Senate for the honorary title of "Latinist."
2. The application of the citizen shall be sent to the Senate through the consules. The Senate will vote on the proposal and a simple majority shall be sufficient to approve the title.
3. The title of Latinist must be reviewed annually by the Senate, and will be valid from the time of approval until the end of the year. The tax release, however, will be valid only for the following year, even though it is renewed.
4. A Senatus consultum may specify other rules for the application of a Latinist.
5. The title of Latinist shall be considered a title granted by the Senate to citizens for their services to the Res Publica in the promotion of Latin studies."
Learn more ...
XCI: Lex Arminia Equitia de dignitate curuli
This law is intended to properly define an ancient Roman term within the Nova Roman legal system and be a basis for present and future legislation.
1. Any magistrate holding 'curule dignity' will have the following rights:
2. This law shall not be interpreted as defining in any way which magistratures possess curule dignity.
Learn more ...
XCII: Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio
This law is intended to correct the use of an ancient Roman definition in the Nova Roman legal system and to be a basis for present and future legislation.
1. POTESTAS
In Nova Roma, we understand potestas as:
2. IMPERIUM
In Nova Roma, we understand Imperium as:
3. TRIBUNICIA POTESTAS
In Nova Roma, we understand Tribunicia Potestas as:
4. OTHER DETERMINATIONS
Learn more ...
XCIII: Lex Arminia de potestate tribunicia ad comitia convocanda
This law is intended to clarify a particular point of the Lex Salicia de Convocatione Tribunicia Comitiorum and to confirm a legal practice already used in Nova Roma.
Learn more ...
XCIV: Lex Arminia de ministris tribunorum
This law is intended to bring the concept of assistants for the tribunes closer to the ancient custom.
Learn more ...
XCV: Lex Equitia Galeria de ordinariis
Article IV of the Nova Roma Constitution is amended to read as follows.
Learn more ...
XCVI: Lex Equitia de mutandis appellationibus duorum magistratuum minorum
Equitian Law concerning changing the titles of two minor magistrates:
Since correct Latin is an important part of Nova Roma's public image and of our mission to disseminate Romanitas, we endeavor to correct mistakes in our public Latin, in order to make ourselves understandable to readers, writers, and speakers of modern Latin.
Learn more ...
XCVII: Lex Arminia Equitia de sanctitate
This law, together with the Lex Arminia Equitia de imperio and the Lex Arminia Equitia de dignitate curuli, is intended to define the last of the five characteristics of the powers of Nova Roman magistrates.
Una cum Lege Arminia Equitia de Imperio et Lege Arminia Equitia de Dignitate Curuli, haec lex ultimam quinque proprietatum potestatum magistratuum Novae Romae definitura.
-A. Etsi verbum "sanctitas" ab origine religiosum est, haec lex de consecutionibus legitimis sanctitatis modo tractabit.
- A. Although "sanctitas" is originally a religious term, this definition and law will deal only with the legal consequences of sanctitas.
-B. Definitiones religiosae et consecutiones sanctitatis Religioni Romanae attribuendae a proposito huius legis absunt.
- B. Religious definitions and the consequences of the attribution of sanctitas to the Religio Romana are not within the scope of this law.
-A. Nulli magistratui licet et sanctitatem et dignitatem curulem uno tempore habere, nisi magistratus provincialis dignitas curulis sit.
- A. No magistrate may hold both sanctitas and curule dignitas at the same time, unless the curule dignitas is from a provincial magistrature.
-B. Nullus magistratus cui ambae hae proprietates sunt definiatur.
- B. No magistrature may be defined as having both these attributes.
-Licet magistratui cui proprium sanctitatis est nec signum nec habitum peculiare quidquam habeat, ne togam peculiarem quidem gerat.
- A magistrate possessing the attribute of sanctitas may not possess any special symbol or feature of that magistrature, including the wearing of any special toga.
-A. Per magistratum suum, non licet magistratui cui sanctitas est legibus Novae Romae in crimen vocari.
- A. A magistrate possessing sanctitas may not be charged under Nova Roman law during his magistracy.
-B. Plane autem haec lex nominatim ad crimina macronationum non pertinet.
- B. This law, however, explicitly states that this provision does not apply to macronational charges.
-Si magistratus cui sanctitas est moderandus sit, liberetur intercessione unius tribuni plebis simplici.
- If a magistrate possessing sanctitas is put on moderation, he may be released by a simple veto of one tribune of the plebs.
-Haec lex non explicabitur qualis ullo modo circumscribens quos magistratus sanctitatem possideant.
- This law shall not be interpreted as defining in any way which magistracies possess sanctitas.
Repealed by Lex Minucia, a.d. III Non. Mai. MMDCCLIX (05 May 2006)
Learn more ...
XCVIII: Lex Arminia de suffragiis in comitiis tributis
This law is intended to correct a procedure for counting the votes of the tribal assemblies of Nova Roma.
I. ((Application))
This law applies to the approval of any measure of the Comitia Plebis Tributa or any other Comitia which follow the procedures of the Comitia Plebis.
II. ((Majority needed))
A simple majority of the voting tribes shall be sufficient to pass a proposal submitted to the Comitia.
III. ((Definition))
A "simple majority" is hereby defined as "one half of the number of tribes casting votes, plus one; fractions shall be rounded down". A tribe in which no voters cast votes shall not be counted toward this total.
IV. ((Repeal))
Paragraphs VII. E and VIII. E of the Lex Moravia de Suffragiis in Comitiis Plebis Tributis et Ratione Comitiorum Plebis Tributorum are hereby revoked and void of legal application.
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
XCIX: Lex Equitia de tirocinio civium novorum
LATIN VERSION
I. A. Vt pater aut materfamilias personam gentilem tollat et magistratus proprios quibus praestat cives in album referre de hac approbatione certiores faciat, civitas Novae Romae ilico coepit.
B. Ad familias nuper creatas quarum patres vel matresfamiliarum cives novi sunt, civitatem simul recipientes ac familias constituentes in album referentesque, censoribus probantibus civitas incipit.
II. A Kalendis Ianuariis MMDCCLVIII, omnes cives novi Novae Romae tirocinio ut minimum nonaginta dierum subicientur, per quod eis iura publica non licebit; nec suffragium ferant, nec aliquem honorem publicum petant.
III. A. Post nonaginta dies, cum civis novus periculum probationis simplicis de rebus magni momenti civitati Novae Romae, rudimentisque historiae, religionis, linguae, consuetudinum civiliumque Romanorum subeat et approbetur, tirocinium conficiet.
B. Petitore roganti, haec probatio in promptu erit versa in omnes linguas quibus interpretes periti Novae Romae adsunt.
C. Probatio a censoribus vel magistratibus aliis designatis a censoribus excoletur, et quotannis a Senatu recensebitur.
D. Exercitia a censoribus vel talibus aliis e lege praescriptis notabitur.
IV. A. In rebus raris, haec necessaria omnino vel partim a Senatu remittentur.
B. Nullo pacto circumscribantur; exempla immunitatum talium autem includant:
1. Petitores qui cives peregrini municipi vel oppidi sex menses fuerunt.
2. Petitores qui cives peregrini municipi vel oppidi qui duumviri, aediles, vel magistratus suffragiis creati delecti sunt.
3. Petitores a magistratu curuli provinciae praesidenteve commendantur.
4. Petitores qui potestates raras academicas professionisve habent.
V. A. Civibus impuberibus qui post Kalendas Ianuarias MMDCCLVIII participes Novae Romae erunt et qui nondum duodeviginti annos nati sunt periculum probationis subeant usque ad nonaginta dies ante diem natale duodevicesimum suum licet.
B. Periculo probationis praemature subeundo et superando non liceat suffragia ferant aut honores petant ante diem natalem suum duodevicesimum.
Learn more ...
C: Lex Equitia de civitate eiuranda
I. The Lex Cornelia et Maria de civitate eiuranda is hereby amended as follows:
Repealed by Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda, a.d. III Non. Mai. MDCCLIX (05 May 2006)
Learn more ...
CI: Lex Equitia de vigintisexviris
Preamble
In Roma Antiqua, the Vigintisexviri--literally, 'the twenty-six men'--were minor magistrates who handled much of the routine administrative business of Rome. In Nova Roma, we preserve the title VIGINTISEXVIRI for minor magistracies, without requiring twenty-six, and without restricting these magistracies to men.
I. A. The leges Vedia vigintisexviri, Minucia de rogatoribus, and Equitia de mutandis appellationibus duorum magistratuum minorum, are hereby repealed.
B. All Nova Roman laws, decrees, and edicts which make reference to magistrates of the Vigintisexviri are revised to use the titles defined below.
II. In accordance with the Constitution of Nova Roma, the following minor magistracies are defined within the category of Vigintisexviri: [1]
III. As minor magistrates, all vigintisexviri shall possess the Ius Edicendi, the right to publish edicta within the scope of their magisterial duties.
IV. A. All vigintisexviri shall be elected by the Comitia Populi Tributa during the annual elections.
B. The normal term of office for the vigintisexviri shall be one year.
C. Suffectus (replacement) vigintisexviri magistrates elected to replace magistrates who are unable to continue in office shall serve until the end of the year in which they are elected.
V. If any of the minor magistracies of the vigintisexviri become vacant after the Ides of September in a given year, the Senate may appoint a suffectus to fill that magistracy for the remainder of the year in lieu of holding an election in the Comitia Populi Tributa
Learn more ...
CII: Lex Equitia familiaris
I. Legal Status.
II. Familiae.
III. Rights & Duties of Patria Potestas and Manus.
IV. Legal Capacity
V. Legal Action.
VI. Changes In Legal Status
VII. Marriage
VIII. Dissolution Of Marriage.
IX. Prohibited Marriages.
X. Emancipation
XI. Adoption.
XII. Tutela.
XIII. Succession.
XIV. Remedies.
XV. New Citizens.
XVI. Miscellaneous Provisions.
Learn more ...
CIII: Lex Equitia de iurisdictione
This law is enacted in order to further define the term "competence" as used in the Lex Salicia Iudiciaria
I.
The praetores shall have competence to grant trial in any matter between citizens (or in any matter between a citizen and a peregrinus or between peregrini provided that the conditions set in the Lex Salicia Poenalis, Article VII. B are observed), with the following exceptions:
II.
Whenever a praetor shall receive a petitio actionis regarding which he is forbidden by this lex from granting trial, he shall dismiss the petitio actionis under the Lex Salicia Iudiciaria article II. A.
III.
The governor of a provincia shall have competence to grant trial in any matter between citizens who live in that provincia (or in any matter between a citizen and a peregrinus who both live in that provincia or between peregrini who both live in that provincia provided that the conditions set in the Lex Salicia Poenalis, Article VII. B are observed).
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
CIV: Lex Equitia de constitutione corrigenda
Preamble
We, the Senate and People of Nova Roma, as an independent and sovereign nation, herewith set forth this Constitution as the foundation and structure of our governing institutions and common society. We hereby declare our Nation to stand as a beacon for those who would recreate the best of ancient Rome. As a nation, Nova Roma shall be the temporal homeland and worldly focus for the Religio Romana. The primary function of Nova Roma shall be to promote the study and practice of pagan Roman civilization, defined as the period from the founding of the City of Rome in 753 BCE to the removal of the altar of Victory from the Senate in 394 CE and encompassing such fields as religion, culture, politics, art, literature, language, and philosophy.
As the spiritual heir to the ancient Roman Republic and Empire, Nova Roma shall endeavor to exist, in all manners practical and acceptable, as the modern restoration of the ancient Roman Republic. The culture, religion, and society of Nova Roma shall be patterned upon those of ancient Rome.
I. Constitutional Basis
II. Citizens and Gentes
III. Comitia
IV. Magistrates
Magistrates are the elected and appointed officials responsible for the maintenance and conduct of the affairs of state. There are two categories of magistrates: ordinarii (those who are ordinarily elected) and extraordinarii (those who are only occasionally appointed or elected). Qualifications necessary to hold these positions may be enacted by law properly passed by one of the comitia.
V. The Senate
The supreme policy-making authority for Nova Roma shall be embodied in its Senate. The album Senatorum (list of Senators) shall be maintained by the censors according to qualifications set by law. The Senate shall have the following honors, powers, and obligations:
VI. Public Religious Institutions
Learn more ...
CV: Lex Equitia de gentibus
I. ((Constitutional amendment))
Article II.D of the constitution is hereby amended to read:
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
CVI: Lex Equitia Galeria de legibus ex post factis
Article I section A of the Constitution of Nova Roma is amended by adding a section A.3 a and b which shall read
Learn more ...
CVII: Lex Apula de assiduis et capite censis
I. ((Purpose of the lex))
This lex Apula de assiduis et capite censis is hereby enacted to define the classifications of taxpayers and non-taxpayers, and put in place special conditions on those who are unable or unwilling to support the financial welfare of the Republic through payment of those taxes which may be enacted by the Senate.
II. ((Definition of assidui))
Citizens who pay taxes in such amount and in such manner as may be defined by the current legislation shall be considered assidui. No special conditions shall be placed on assidui in regards to their placement in centuries and tribes or their ability to run for or hold office.
III. ((Definition of capite censi))
Citizens who do not pay taxes in such amount and in such manner as may be defined by the Senate shall be considered capite censi. The following special conditions shall apply to capite censi:
A. ((Placement in centuries))
The Censors shall place all capite censi in the last century in Class V as defined in the lex Vedia centuriata and those leges which may amend it, and no other Citizens shall be enrolled therein.
B. ((Placement in tribes))
The Censors shall place all capite censi in the urban tribes as defined in the lex Vedia tributorum and those leges which may amend it.
C. ((Public office))
No member of the capite censi may run for or hold office as one of the ordinarii (including the apparitores), nor be appointed to or hold office as provincial governor, nor be titled as Senator or members of the Collegium Pontificium or priest or Sacerdos. Members of the capite censi may hold provincial or local offices at the discretion of the governor of the province in question.
D. ((Default of payment while in office))
Members of the Senate and Ordinarii sitting magistrates of the ordinarii and Senatores who become members of the Capite Censi due to non-payment of taxes may be removed from office by the Censors.
Members of the Collegium Pontificum and priests and sacerdotes who become members of the Capite Censi due to non-payment of taxes may be removed from office by the Pontifex Maximus.
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
CVIII: Lex Apula de magistro araneario
I. ((Magister aranearius))
The Magister Aranearius is the official webmaster of Nova Roma. This law provides the procedures for the his appointment and his official activities.
II. ((Appointment))
The Senatus will appoint the Magister Aranearius in Consultum following a review of his curriculum vitae and technical skills. The duration of the appointment is to discretion of the Senatus.
III. ((Duties))
The magister aranearius is responsible for the design, the database, the server and maintenance, and any alteration of the website www.novaroma.org and of all official web sites sponsored by the Nova Roma, except for the parts under the control of other magistrates.
IV. ((Cooperation with others))
The magister aranearius shall solicit input from the other magistrates and institutions of Nova Roma regarding content for the web site.
V. ((Assistants))
The magister aranearius shall have the authority to appoint his own ASSISTANT, should he deem it necessary.
VI. ((Resignation))
Resignation from the Office must to be announced to the Senatus at least 30 days before it becomes effective.
VII. ((Amendment of lex Equitia de vigintisexviris))
Paragraph II of the lex Equitia de vigintisexviris is modified as follows:
VIII. ((Amendment of the lex Fabia centuriata))
Paragraph II.b.1 of the lex Fabia centuriata is modified as follows:
"Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience."
Learn more ...
CIX: Lex Popillia senatoria
This lex follows the institutions of the kings in establishing a maximum size for the senate, and the lex Ovinia of c.318 in setting guidelines for the selection of new senatores.
I. ((Number of senatores))
After each census the censores shall declare a maximum number of senatores.
II. ((Removal of senatores))
The censores may remove senatores from the list.
III. ((Sublection of senatores))
The censores shall add new senatores to the list.
IV. ((Ius sententiae dicendae))
Higher magistrates and ex-magistrates shall be entitled to attend meetings of the senate.
V. ((Immunity))
A decision of the censores to remove an existing senator, or of either censor to pass over a citizen for sublection, is not subject to any appeal or provocatio and cannot be used as grounds to prosecute any current or former censor.
VI. ((Repeals))
The leges Vedia senatoria, Arminia senatoria, and Octavia de senatoribus are repealed.
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
CX: Lex Fabia de nominibus approbationibusque
PREAMBLE:
This lex provides a frame in the way prospective citizens can choose their roman name. It encompasses historical research in the form of attested lists of Republican names and takes into consideration the laws of Nova Roma that deal with citizenship approval and the scope of Pater / Mater Familias authority on this particular matter. Application to Nova Roman citizenship implies acceptance and agreement to the terms of the present lex and is subject to a probationary period as described by lex Equitia de tirocinio civium novorum. The Censores reserve the right to refuse any application that does not abide by the following articles.
For the purpose of this lex, and as per lex Labiena de gentibus is recognised as the basic unit of society in Nova Roma. Gentes are composed of many different familiae that share the same nomen. Pater / Materfamilias are head of these officially recognised familiae and not of the gentes. This lex spells out the procedures that the Censores will follow in dealing with the approval of prospective citizens to Nova Roma and the incidence those procedures will have on their names.
This lex hereby complements the lex Cornelia et Maria de mutandis nominibus whose article II.E is repealed. Whenever a contradition arises between the lex Cornelia et Maria de mutandis nominibus and the present lex de nominibus approbationibusque, the present lex shall have precedence.
BASIS OF AUTHORITY
This lex is based on lex Labiena de gentibus and lex Equitia familiaris and takes into consideration the fact that Familiae are now the basic social units of Nova Roma. As such Pater / Materfamilias are now head of Familiae (natural or adopted) and not Gentes as was previously the case.
DEFINITIONS
The definitions below are provided to help cives understand the context within which Nova Roman nomenclature applies.
I. Names in Nova Roma
I.A. Nomenclature
As per Roma Antiqua the nomenclature of free male citizens is that of the "tria nomina" (three names) formed as "praenomen-nomen-cognomen". The preferred choice for female nomenclature in Nova Roma is also the "tria nomina": This is to reflect the equal treatment of each prospective citizen, regardless of his / her gender, required by the constitution. The Censores, however, MAY recognise the Roman tradition in naming female citizens and may, in certain exceptional cases and after a personal application to the Censores, allow the following nomenclatures: "nomen only" or "nomen-cognomen".
I.A.1. Praenomen
Here is presented a list of Republican praenomina available to the prospective citizen. Each praenomen has been historically researched and attested. This list will be reviewed as and when new evidence comes to light: Please note that NO Praenomen that does not appear on this list will be accepted by the Censorial office without a special application. Please note that this list includes all the most common praenomina: They are accepted as standards by most scholars and will also be accepted by the censores without discussion. There are however a few other, far less common, praenomina available on request, look below.
Praenomina are very often abbreviated, and the abbreviations will be used in most official communications and records.
Common praenomina: the praenomina nearer to the beginning of the list are more frequent; those nearer to the end are less frequent.
Rare praenomina: a list of Republican rare praenomina available to the prospective citizen is presented on the Name page (Index Nominum) of the main Nova Roma Website. This list will be updated by the Censores as new evidence comes to the foreground. These praenomina are only available on request and such requests must be approved by the Censores.
I.A.2. Nomen
The Nomen or genticilium serves to identify which gens a prospective citizen will belong to. The list of Nomina (or gentes) available in Nova Roma can be found in the album gentium. A citizen wishing to join a familia within a gens must seek the approval of the Pater / materfamilias of the said familia. The choice of a gens is subject to the articles II.B.i. and II.B.ii. of the present lex.
Prospective citizens are authorised to petition the Censores if they wish to create a new Gens, thus introducing a new nomen in Nova Roma. If their claim is justified, historically valid and supported by adequate evidence, the censores may, exceptionally, consider such request and eventually decide to authorise the creation of a new gens.
I.A.3. Cognomen
The magistrates of Nova Roma understand the personal nature of cognomina and the fact that they reflect physical or behavioural characteristics. Therefore cognomina may be accepted even if they don't appear on the recommended list. The prospective citizen must be able to justify his / her choice on either historical or personal grounds and that must be subject to the expressed condition that the chosen cognomen be a Latin word. Please note the restriction applied to cognomina that are already attached to a family in a particular gens (see point II.B.i.a of the present lex). A list of recommended cognomina can be found in the Nova Roma web-pages for Roman names. This list will be updated by the Censores as and when new evidence comes to light.
Special Cognomina: this lex revokes article II.E of lex Cornelia et Maria de mutandis nominibus whereby special cognomina were known under the word "agnomina".
Honorary cognomina including, but not limited to, Maximus, Magnus, Augustus are conferred upon a citizen by special dispensation. They can be awarded by a vote of the Senate in recognition of service to Nova Roma. They are not available to be chosen at the application stage.
Geographical honorary cognomina that refer to a provincia or regio (e.g. Germanicus, Britannicus) of Nova Roma and Roma Antiqua are subject to the same limitations as they were customarily bestowed upon a general after a successful campaign. Rare exceptions can be made by the censores in the case of citizen born in the provincia covering the territory of his/her macronation. In that latter case, the geographical cognomen will not be seen as honorary and can be requested at the application stage.
Cognomina that refer to the name of a deity will not currently be accepted unless the prospective citizen specifically expresses a desire to honour a god or goddess that he / she already worships and contact the Censores to present his / her case prior to sending his / her application.
I.B. Name change
I.B.1. Introduction
The choice of a Roman name being a very personal and intimate matter, the Censores and their staff must do their utmost to guide and help prospective citizens to choose the right name on the first instance. As such, no name change should be allowed after the original application has been approved to the satisfaction of all parties involved. However, on exceptional circumstances, the Censores reserve the right to authorise such name change if the citizen in question can effectively argue his / her case and only if this change affects the praenomen, cognomen or agnomen. The ruling of the Censores is final.
In case of a nomen change (i.e. change of gens), the only procedure authorised is that of adoption. Adoption takes the forms of adrogatio or adoptio according to the status, Sui Iuris or Alieni Iuris, of the adopted party. The procedures of Adoption are defined by the lex Equitia familiaris and the effect on name are described below: the citizen wishing to change his / her nomen must seek approval from the new Pater / Materfamilias whose domus he / she wishes to be part of. Upon approval, this prospective citizen will take the praenomen, nomen and eventual cognomen of his / her new Paterfamilias / Materfamilias.
Recent experiences, however, where the Censorial Cohors had to deal with multiple adoptions of several members of the same gens into one familia has shown that in these cases the only distinction between members of that familia would have been to add yet another cognomen (primus, secundus, tertius etc.) to distinguish one civis from the other. The censorial office judged that this solution was not satisfactory as it cannot ensure that each civis would easily be identifiable nor that his / her own individuality would truly be reflected in their new name. The following articles, I.B.ii and I.B.iii, reflect those experiences and propose a way of dealing with adoptions that is consistent with traditional Roman nomenclature and the spirit of flexibility and practicality that were qualities of our forefathers.
I.B.2. Adoption involving two cives belonging to two different gentes
I.B.3. Adoption involving two cives belonging to the same gens
II. Approval procedures and names
II.A. Introduction
II.A.1. ((Joining gentes))
This lex applies the revocation by lex Labiena de gentibus of the right of former heads of Gentes (until now also known as Patres / Matresfamilias) to approve or reject the application of a prospective citizen to join a particular Gens.
II.A.2. ((Joining familiae))
This lex confirms the right of heads of Familiae known as Pater / Materfamilias to approve or reject the application of a prospective citizen to join a particular Familia.
II.B. Approval authority
II.B.1. Approval authority in a Familia and / or Domus
II.B.2. Approval authority in a Gens
III. Sources
Roman Nomenclature:
Diana Bowder "Who Was Who In the Roman World", Cornell University Press, 1980
John Boardman, Jasper Griffin, Oswyn Murray "The Oxford History of the Roman World", Oxford University Press, 2001
T. Robert S. Broughton "Magistrates of the Roman Republic", Vol. 1 and 2, American Philological Association/Scholars Press, 1986
Mika Kajava "Roman Female Praenomina" Institutum Romanum Findlandiae Vol. XIV, Rome 1994: Senatorial Women's Praenomina in the Republican and Imperial Periods ( p. 136)
O. Salomies, "Die romischen Vornamen" (Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum 82, 1987).
B. Salway, "What's In A Name? A Survey Of Roman Onomastic Practice From c.700 B.C. to A.D. 700"
http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-Republican-Roman-Consuls
http://www.ualberta.ca/~csmackay/Consuls.List.html
http://www.hostkingdom.net/consuls.html
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Learn more ...
CXI: Lex Moravia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum
The lex Moravia de suffragiis in comitiis plebis tributis et ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum, AUC a.d. XV Kal. Dec. MMDCCLVI (17 November 2756), as amended by the lex Arminia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum, AUC a. d. IV Non. IUN. MMDCCLVII (2 Jun 2757), Section V: Timing the Vote, on the election of Plebian officials, is hereby amended, under the Constitution Part III, Section C, as follows:
Subsections V.A, V.B, AND V.C revoked by the lex Arminia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum are replaced as follow:
A consecratio is a formal recognition by the Comitia Plebis Tributa of the election results of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis, and by its enactment the Comitia Plebis Tributa extends sanctitas, as defined under the lex Arminia Equita de sanctitate, AUC Id. Sex. MMDCCLVII (13 August 2757), to Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis.
This plebiscitum shall take effect immediately and apply to the regular annual elections of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis to be held in AUC 2759. Any Tribunus Plebis or Aediles Plebis who shall have been elected to begin office on AUC Kal. Ian. MMDCCLVIX (1 January 2759), and shall hereby have his or her term of office curtailed by this plebiscitum, shall be regarded as having served a full year in office, AUC Kal. Ian. MMDCCLVIX to prid. Kal. Ian. MMDCCLVX (1 January 2759 to 31 December 2759).
Learn more ...
CXII: Lex Vipsania de consecratione
We the Plebians of Nova Roma recognize and accept the results of the election of Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis held in the Comitia Plebis Tributa during the month of December 2758 A.U.C. as reported by the Office of the Custodes, and by this act of consecratio afford to the designati
the rights, responsibilities, and obligations to exercise on behalf of all Nova Romans, in our name, the Tribunicia Potestas as outlined in Nova Roma law and in accordance with the mos maiorum,
And afford to the designatae
the rights, responsibilities, and obligations to exercise on behalf of all Nova Romans, in our name, the duties of Aediles Plebis as outlined in Nova Roma law and in accordance with the mos maiorum.
This Lex lapsed with the end of the mandate of the elected magistrates, in a.d. IV Id. Dec MMDCCLIX (10 dec 2006)
Learn more ...
CXIII: Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda
Citizenship in Nova Roma may be voluntarily relinquished or involuntarily revoked as per the Constitution of Nova Roma, paragraph II.A.4, or may be temporarily suspended under the Lex Fabia de Censu, paragraph VI.
Further provision is made by this Lex Minucia Moravia de Civitate Eiuranda by which citizenship in Nova Roma may be involuntarily terminated at the discretion of the Censors when a Citizen fails to register in two consecutive censuses. Outlined in this lex are the procedures by which a Citizen may voluntarily relinquish his or her citizenship by a process of resignation from Nova Roma, guidelines for censorial termination of citizenship for non-compliance with the Lex Fabia de Censu, and procedures to be followed when a person returns into citizenship following suspension of citizenship or relinquishment of citizenship.
I. ((Supercedes))
The leges Cornelia et Maria de civitate eiuranda and Equitia de civitate eiuranda are hereby repealed.
II. Resignation of Citizenship
A: Citizenship from Nova Roma may be voluntarily relinquished by notification of the Censors. Submission to the Censors of an intention to resign citizenship should be made in writing with the intention clearly stated, and may be transmitted in writing via any available means.
B. In keeping with Constitutional clause II.A.5, a parent or guardian may voluntarily rescind Nova Roma citizenship of Impuberes (minors) as provided for above.
III. ((Forfeiture of Offices))
If citizenship is resigned, any and all public offices held by the Citizen are immediately vacated at the time that the Censors receive a resignation. No public offices, elected or appointed, shall carry over into a new citizenship should a resigning citizen later reestablish citizenship.
IV. ((Socius))
A Citizen whose citizenship is temporarily suspended under the Lex Fabia de Censu or by process of law is known as a Socius. A Citizen who voluntarily relinquishes citizenship by submitting a resignation from Nova Roma may also be treated as a Socius for the purposes of this lex. Under the lex Fabia de Censu, a Citizen becomes a Socius after failing to register with one census. Any Socius or former Citizen in a Socius status who fails to register with a census or who fails to otherwise reestablish citizenship may, at the discretion of the Censors, have his or her status terminated, and thus be removed from the censorial Album Civium.
B. A Socius or a former Citizen in a Socius status may request that he or she be removed from the Album Civium and thus all records of the former Citizen's or Socius' former membership in Nova Roma are to be deleted. The Censors must comply with such a request if no exceptions are provided for under the law.
V. ((Reapplication))
A former Citizen or Socius may reapply for citizenship to the Censors under prevailing legal procedures.
VI ((Reinstatement))
A. When a former Citizen applies for reinstatement of citizenship, a waiting period of ninety (90) days precedes reestablishment of citizenship. When citizenship is reestablished a Socius, or a former Citizen who was in a Socius status, shall have restored any titles, honors and/or effects of past public offices (including century points) that he or she may have held at the time that citizenship was either suspended or resigned. A former Citizen whose Socius status was legally terminated, and whose records were thus lawfully removed from the Album Civium, is not entitled to a restoration of any titles, honors and/or effects of past public offices (including century points).
B. Once citizenship is reestablished, a returning Citizen may apply to the Collegium Pontificum for reappointment to any religious offices that he or she may have previously held. Only the Collegium Pontificum, or an otherwise designated religious body, is authorized to reappoint a returning Citizen to a religious office.
C: Century points that are due to a returning Citizen for any and all public and/or religious offices that he or she may have previously held shall be restored at the time that citizenship is reestablished, provided that citizenship was reestablished while the former Citizen was in a Socius status, as per VI.A.
D. Senatorial status may be resumed by a returning Citizen at the discretion of the Censors collegially.
VII. ((Multiple Resignations))
If a Citizen resigns his or her citizenship, is subsequently reinstated, and resigns a second time, the Censors may bar this former Citizen from reinstatement as a Citizen of Nova Roma. An exception to IV.B is hereby made such that the Censors may retain records in addition to the Album Civium on any person who has been barred from citizenship in Nova Roma for any reason.
VIII. ((Returnee Rights))
A: All rights and privileges of citizenship are restored in full to a returning Citizen at the time his or her citizenship is reestablished. This lex does not in itself restrict a returning Citizen in any way from lawfully pursuing any entitlements or official positions (via election or appointment) for which he or she would again become eligible.
B. At the discretion of the Senate, the normal waiting period of ninety (90) days may be waived.
Section headers in double parentheses are unofficial and have been inserted for convenience.
Note from Praetor C. Aemilius Crassus: The present lex was amended on several points by the Lex Cornelia de civitate eiuranda
Learn more ...
CXIV: Lex Minucia eiuratione magistratum
Original text of lex as passed in comitia, maintained here for transparency and tracability:
This lex clarifies the legal definition of magisterial resignation, consequences of resignation, and those procedures legally necessary to validate and remedy magisterial vacancy due to a resignation of office, in accordance with the Constitution of Nova Roma, Section IV, on 'Magistrates', which states that an office becomes vacant when a magistrate resigns or dies while in office. The language of this lex is binding on resignation of magisterial offices elected in the in the Comitia Populi Tributa and in the Comitia Plebis Tributa.
I.A: An elected magistrate resigns from office by tendering his or her notification of a resignation to the presiding official (defined below) of the comitia in which the resigning magistrate was elected.
B: The Tribunes of the Plebs are the presiding officials of the Comitia Plebis Tributa. A resignation of an office that was elected in the Comitia Plebis Tributa may be tendered in writing directly to one or more Tribunes of the Plebs, or else is tendered to the Tribunes of the Plebs by posting a notice of resignation via the official Comitia Plebis Tributa list, or a list that is supported by Nova Roma as a Public Forum.
C: The Consuls and Praetors are the presiding officials of the Comitia Populi Tributa. A resignation of an office that was elected in the Comitia Populi Tributa may be tendered in writing directly to one or both Consuls or Praetors, or else is tendered by posting a notice of resignation on a list that is supported by Nova Roma as a public Forum.
II.A: A vacancy of office is legally established when an appropriate presiding official acknowledges in writing the receipt of a tendered resignation to the resigning magistrate. A vacancy may also be legally established when the Censors inform the presiding magistrates that a magistrate is unreachable after an absence of 45 or more days.
B: Within twenty-four (24) hours of receiving notification of a resignation, the presiding official of the respective comitia – any one of the Consuls or Praetors, or any one of the Tribunes of the Plebs, as the case may be, shall acknowledge receipt in writing to the resigning magistrate.
C. Consuls shall not accept a resignation from office of a magistrate elected in the Comitia Plebis Tributa.
D. Tribunes of the Plebs may only accept the resignation from office of a magistrate elected in the Comitia Populi Tributa as in II A and B when none of the Consuls or Praetors is available to accept the resignation on behalf of this comitia.
III: Elections shall be held within 45 days of the established vacancy for a suffect magistrate in the legally appropriate comitia, according to prevailing legal procedures governing elections of that comitia.
IV: This lex does not in itself restrict a former magistrate from standing for election in the Comitia Plebis Tributa or in the Comitia Populi Tributa to fill the vacancy caused by his or her resignation, and for which he or she is eligible to hold.
V: The presiding official of a comitia who lawfully acknowledges receipt of a resignation from office of any magistrate who was elected in either the Comitia Plebis Tributa or Comitia Populi Tributa, as outlined in this lex, shall be responsible for communicating this information to the Censors, the Magister Aranearius and to the citizenry via public fora within the following forty-eight (48) hours from the time that the resignation goes into effect.
Learn more ...
CXV: Lex Minucia de duobus legibus Arminis Equitiis abrogandis
Lex to Repeal Current Items of Legislation I don't have a proper Latin name for this measure yet, but comitia's approval of this item will officially repeal the following legislations:
Lex Arminia Equitia de Dignitate Curule http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2004-06-30-ii.html
Lex Arminia Equitia de Sanctitate http://www.novaroma.org/tabularium/leges/2004-08-13-ii.html
The last lines of both these leges (above) nullify their respective legal and binding forces. Further, there is no corresponding constitutional language that I can see to clarify their legal purpose. Although they are remarkable from an academic standpoint, the language of these legislations has caused issues of controversy, which might (at least theoretically) be avoided in future if we repeal them officially.
This Lex did not have lasting effect, and lapsed after approval.
Learn more ...
CXVI: Lex Arminia de consecratione magistratuum plebis
We, the Plebians of Nova Roma, recognize and accept the results of the election of the Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis held in the Comitia Plebis Tributa in 2759 a.u.c., as reported by the Custodes, and by the present consecratio, afford to candidati electi:
the rights, responsibilities, and obligations to exercise on behalf of all Nova Romans, and in the name of the Plebs, the tribunicia potestas as outlined in Nova Roma law and in accordance with the mos maiorum.
We also afford to candidatus electus Caius Curius Saturninus the rights, responsibilities, and obligations to exercise on behalf of all Nova Romans, and in the name of the Plebs, the duties of Aedilis Plebis as outlined in Nova Roma law and in accordance with the mos maiorum.
This Lex lapsed with the end of the mandate of the elected magistrates, in a.d. IV Id. Dec MMDCCLX (10 dec 2007)
Learn more ...
CXVII: Lex Curiata de consecratione magistratuum plebis
We, the Plebians of Nova Roma, recognize and accept the results of the election of the Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis held in the Comitia Plebis Tributa in 2759 a.u.c., as reported by the Custodes, and by the present consecratio, afford to candidatus electus Flavius Galerius Aurelianus the rights, responsibilities, and obligations to exercise on behalf of all Nova Romans, and in the name of the Plebs, the tribunicia potestas as outlined in Nova Roma law and in accordance with the mos maiorum.
This Lex lapsed with the end of the mandate of the elected magistrates, in a.d. IV Id. Dec MMDCCLX (10 dec 2007)
Learn more ...
CXVIII: Lex Curiata II de consecratione magistratuum plebis
We the Plebians of Nova Roma recognize and accept the results of the election of Tribunus Plebis held in the Comitia Plebis Tributa in 2760 A.U.C. as reported by the Office of the Custodes, and by this act of consecratio afford to the designatus:
the rights, responsibilities, and obligations to exercise on behalf of all Nova Romans, in our name, the Tribunicia Potestas as outlined in Nova Roma law and in accordance with the mos maiorum.
And afford to the designati:
the rights, responsibilities, and obligations to exercise on behalf of all Nova Romans, in our name, the duties of Aediles Plebiis as outlined in Nova Roma law and in accordance with the mos maiorum.
Learn more ...
CXIX: Lex Galeria de censu L. Arminio Ti. Galerio consulibus producendo
The time allotted to complete the Census 2760 A.U.C is hereby extended to pr. Kal. Ian.2760 (December 31, 2007).
Learn more ...
CXX: Lex Galeria de editore commentariorum
I. The editor commentariorum shall be appointed by a vote of the senate on the nomination of a consul.
II. The editor commentariorum shall serve for three years.
III A deputy editor commentariorum shall also be appointed by a vote of the senate on the nomination of a consul. The deputy will serve as the chief assistant to the editor commentariorum. If during the three year term a vacancy occurs the deputy editor commentariorum shall assume the duties for remainder of that term as editor commentariorum.
Learn more ...
CXXI: Lex Galeria de privatis rebus
I. The Lex Cornelia de privatis rebus is repealed.
II. The Lex Octavia de privatis rebus is repealed.
III. Confidential information consists of the following:
A. information given directly by a person for the purpose of applying for citizenship; and
B. information given directly by a person for the purpose of updating or correcting information referred to in III.A above; and
C. information obtained from the subscription list of the e-mail list that currently constitutes the Forum or main list of Nova Roma, other than information which is available to every member of that e-mail list; and
D. information obtained from the subscription lists from the publications of Nova Roma.
IV. Information is given directly when it is provided voluntarily by the person to whom it pertains.
V. Where confidential information is held in official records or by any magistrate, it shall be made available to any censor, consul, praetor, magister aranearius, or magistrate legally responsible for the handling of applications for citizenship, upon request by that person. It shall be made available to any provincial governor, upon request by that governor, if and only if it pertains to a person living in the province which he or she governs. It shall not be made available to any other person except as provided below.
VI. A censor may at his or her discretion give confidential information to a magistrate other than one entitled to received it under V above upon request by that magistrate.
VII. A magistrate who receives confidential information under V or VI above may at his or her discretion give that information to his or her lawfully appointed assistant.
VIII. A censor may at his or her discretion give confidential information on request to a municipal agent of law enforcement or other person entitled by municipal law to demand and be given the information. Where a censor receives such a request, he or she shall inform the person to whom the information pertains of the request, of all circumstances relevant to the request, and of the censor's actions in response to the request.
IX. Other than as set out above, no person shall give to any other person any confidential information about any third person without the permission of that third person.
X. Nothing in this lex shall be taken to prohibit any person from asking any other person for information about himself or herself. Nothing in this lex shall be taken to prohibit any person from giving information about himself to any other person.
Learn more ...
CXXII: Lex Livia de lege Arminia abroganda
Learn more ...
CXXIII: Lex Livia de lege Moravia abroganda
Learn more ...
CXXIV: Lex Curiatia Iulia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum
By this Lex Curiatia Iulia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum is amended the Lex Fabia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum 5. B which reads:
In the case of a magisterial election, voting shall be sequential.
1. A century from the first class shall be selected by lot by the diribitores to vote first. No century containing only one member shall be selected for this purpose. For the first 48 hours of the voting period only members of that century shall be permitted to vote.
2. Twenty-four (24) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the diribitores shall tally the votes of all those who have voted so far according to the method set out in A.1 above, and shall announce the result no later than 48 hours after the beginning of the voting period.
3. Forty-eight (48) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the rest of the centuries in the first class shall be permitted to vote; members of the century selected under B.1 above who have not yet voted shall still be permitted to vote.
4. Ninety-six (96) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the diribitores shall tally the votes of all those who have voted so far according to the method set out in A.1 above, and shall announce the results no later than 120 hours after the beginning of the voting period.
5. One hundred twenty (120) hours after the beginning of the voting period, everyone who is eligible to vote but has not yet done so shall be permitted to vote. All voting shall cease no less than 216 hours after the beginning of the voting period.
The Lex Fabia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum 5.B is hereby amended as follows:
5.B: In the case of magisterial elections, the voting period shall last no fewer than 192 hours (8 days), with all centuries casting their votes concurrently. Reports of the voting results shall be announced sequentially.
1. The Diribitores shall select by lot one century from among the first class centuries to serve as the Centuria Praerogativa. No century containing only one member shall be selected for this purpose.
2.Within forty-eight (48) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the Diribitores shall tally the votes of all those who have cast votes thus far in the Centuria Praerogativa, and shall announce those results no later than 48 hours after the beginning of the voting period.
3. Ninety-six (96) hours after the beginning of the voting period, the Diribitores shall tally the votes of all those who have voted thus far, and shall announce the results of only the first class centuries no later than 120 hours after the beginning of the voting period.
4. All voting shall cease after no less than 192 hours (8 days) have past and no more than 216 hours (9 days) have past after the beginning of the voting period. The Diribitores shall then tally all votes cast and within 48 hours later report the results solely to the presiding magistrate and to his or her colleague as per 3.F.
note of the praetura: Lex Curiata Iulia changes the previous proceedings. Now, every century may vote from the opening of the vote. The notion of prerogative century now just has consequences on first the tally and second the announce of the cast votes: first the prerogativa, second the first classes, third all the reminding ones.
Learn more ...
CXXV: Lex Curiatia Iulia de tributo virginum vestalium
The following new paragraph II.B is inserted in lex Apula de assiduis et capite censis:
" II.B: Those appointed as Vestal virgins by the Collegium Pontificum shall be exempt from paying the annual tax and shall retain their status as assidui so long as they remain Vestal virgins. No special conditions shall be placed on Vestal virgins with regard to their placement in centuries and tribes or upon their ability to run for or hold office."
Learn more ...
CXXVI: Lex Cornelia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum
Resolved, it is the purpose of this lex to establish ongoing, simple and easily understood procedures to summon the Comitia Centuriata. In the past 3 years Nova Roma has been unable to function the Comitias under the existing procedures and thusly required the Senate to pass Emergency Decrees (SCUs) to resolve this impasse. By promulgating this lex no further SCU will be needed to summon this Comitia (Comitia Centuriata).
Pursuant to Section III B of the Constitution of Nova Roma, empowers the Comitia to establish procedures and rules for which it is allowed to operate. All previous legislation previously passed is hereby rescinded and repealed.
I. Laws Repealed or Rescinded
Laws effectively repealed include but are not limited to: Lex Fabia de Ratione Comitorium Centuriatorum and the Lex Curiatia Iulia de ratione comitiorum centuriatorum.
II. Calling to Order the Comitia Centuriata
III. Voting Procedures
IV. Procedures for Counting Votes
V. The Breaking of Ties
The following are the only three methods to be utilized to determine the results of ties. The process to be used will be in numerical order – in other words no choosing. If a victor is not determined by the method #1 - then #2 will be used and then #3 until a winner shall be determined. This will be utilized for both ties in individual centuries and in the sum total of the Comitia.
Addendum: In the event that Nova Roma implements a Cista voting platform (internally controlled) and can establish a random tie breaking program that cannot be tampered with to manipulate the results, (Even the implication of tampering could damage the credibility of our electoral process and must be avoided to the extent of our ability to do so. Nothing must infringe on the integrity of the election.) Such a tie breaking program would need to be thoroughly tested and endorsed by the Senate of Nova Roma, prior to being used by the Comitia. Upon this requirement being satisfied the election officers may use a lot breaking device with the approval and consent of the Censors The Censors through the certification process must be confident that the integrity of the tie breaking procedure is both beyond the bounds of human manipulation and that the will of the People through the vote is maintained. The entire electoral process must be, and be seen to be, entirely credible and transparent. Once completed then the Certification process may progress as written in this Lex.
In addition, the presiding magistrate has the duty and responsibility to request a member of the College of Pontifices or appropriate Priest to conduct a ceremonia, at the start of a vote, to address the State’s need to utilize a method of tie resolution that does not utilize chance and a more direct form of divine intervention due to the corruption and tampering of men.
VI. Certification Process
The Censors have the responsibility and powers to investigate any verifiable concern regarding the vote, within the timeframe. If the censors need additional time, one or both censor’s may seek an extension of time from the presiding magistrate. The presiding magistrate has the discretion to approve an extension or not. The Censors certify the election by sending a notification to the presiding magistrate that they “Approve and sign off on the Comitia results.”
If the Censors fail to sign off on the certification process they are required to explain their rationale to the presiding magistrate. With this notification the presiding magistrate notifies the Senate. Within 48 hours, the presiding magistrate issues an emergency summons of the Senate for the sole purpose of addressing this issue and to promulgate a Senatus Consulta based on the Comitia situation. If the Senate decides to override the Censors decision the Censors can
If the Censors choose to refuse to sign, the Senate certifies the election in place of the Censors. If the Senate determines that the Censors issues are valid and side with the Censors the results of the Comitia are null and void. The Presiding magistrate notifies the People and closes the Comitia and the Comitia will need to be completely restarted.
If the Censors fail to respond within the 24 hour timeframe, the Censors are deemed to have consented and the Comitia results can then be posted by the presiding magistrate.
Learn more ...
CXXVII: Lex Cornelia de quaestoribus
Pursuant to Section IV.A.2.b and c of the constitution of Nova Roma and of IV.A.6 of the Constitution of Nova Roma
Introduction: In recent years Nova Roma has had ongoing vacancy issues specifically regarding the electoral officers, Diribitores and Custodes, Editor Commentariorum and Rogatores positions. This has an adverse affect on the people of Nova Roma being able to express their will because the Comitia's that represent the Peoples’ wishes have not been able to be summoned. This law intends to address the issue by giving expanding Consular authority to assign Quaestors to fill the vacant positions until those positions are filled by election or appointment.
A. The positions and offices under the scope of this lex are: Diribitores (also known as election officers) Rogatores. Custodes. Editor commentariorum
B: In the event of a magisterial or administrative vacancy on any of the positions mentioned in Section A The Consul may assign Quaestors to one of those vacant positions. These vacancies, most importantly, the election officers, are vital to the organization and must be filled even if it means that magistrates who are allowed the use of Quaestors go without.
C. Upon being assigned to an open office, a Quaestor will be listed as holding both the Quaestor position to which he or she was elected and as a Suffect from the position he or she was appointed to on the Nova Roma Magistrates page on the official website. Each Quaestor can only be assigned to one open position described in section A as Suffect at a time but may be assigned to more than one such suffect office in the course of a year provided only one such office is held at any time. Any Quaestor assigned to an open position described in A will earn the full century points for the Quaestor position and half of the Century points for holding a Suffect position he or she was appointed. If a Quaestor is assigned as a Suffect officer in those positions more than once in the course of a year, that Quaestor will receive full Century points for holding the office of Quaestor and half the Century points normally granted for the Suffect office with the highest Century point value that he or she held regardless of the length of time actually holding the office.
C. Election related issues: each Quaestor, upon accepting the position of a Diribitor or a Custos accepts the restrictions of not being able to run for office in the next calendar year. If the Quaestor wishes to be relieved of the position the Quaestor must petition the Consuls with at least 30 (thirty) days notice of the summons of the Comitia (Comitia Centuriata, Comitia Populi Tributa or the Comitia Plebis Tributa). The Consul has the discretion to accept or deny the petition with notification given in writing to the Quaestor within seven (7) days of the request.
D. Any changes on any of the positions listed in A will be considered to be reflected in this lex. If a position ceases to be an independent office or ceases to exist then no Consul would be able to assign a Quaestor to that position. In other words, this lex will be valid unless specifically repealed by future legislation.
Learn more ...
CXXVIII: Lex Cornelia de vigintisexviris
Introduction - This lex serves the purpose of refining Nova Roma's offices to better serve the interests of the State. In recent years an insufficient number of qualified candidates stood for election to these positions, leaving them vacant.. This lex addresses the need for a more effective and easier alternative for filling these positions; and to give the Senate more direct oversight especially concerning the filling of the electoral magistracies which conduct, count and oversee the elections of officers in Nova Roma.
This Lex supersedes and repeals all previous leges and Senatus Consulta in this jurisdictional area. This includes but is not limited to the following:
http://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Equitia_de_vigintisexviris_(Nova_Roma)
http://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Galeria_de_editore_commentariorum_(Nova_Roma)
http://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Apula_de_magistro_araneario_(Nova_Roma)
http://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Labiena_de_iure_edicendi_vigintisexvirorum_(Nova_Roma)
Effective immediately the positions that were covered under the Lex Equitia de Vigintisexviris are no longer independent offices that are elected by the Comitia Populi Tributa; nor are the offices listed in this lex to be classified as Vigintisexviri positions.
Effective Immediately the Office of the Rogator, whose responsibility was focused on registering qualified voters, issuing voter codes, and administering the routine citizenship application process reverts to the Censores office to be filled at the discretion of the Censors’. This position, if filled will have the same ranking and distinction as a scribe appointment with all the same rights, responsibilities and century point allocations therein. The independent office of Rogator is now extinct.
Effective immediately the offices of Custodes and Diribitors are combined.
available to be appointed by the Senate by proposal of the presiding magistrate. A minimum of two individuals must fill this position at all times.
in the voting processes in the Comitia Centuriata, Comitia Populi Tributa and Comitia Plebis Tributa – in compliance and in accord with the leges governing the vote count and ties breading procedures governing each Comitia .
year terms, or multiple years.
election process, they may not run for any elective office while they serve in office as diribitores.
Appointment of Diribitors: As Senatorial appointments the presiding magistrate (ie Consul, praetor or Tribune of the Plebs) may present individuals to the Senate for consideration. The Senate has the right and privilege to accept or reject candidates for the Diribitore Position(s).
In the event of an emergency*: An Emergency is described as having 20 days or less to an upcoming Comitia summons – the Presiding magistrate may issue an edicta appointing individual(s) pro-tempore to serve as a diribitore – for one election cycle only. To be specific it means only one summons of one Comita ONLY (Comitia Centuriata, Comitia Populi Tributa, and Comitia Plebis Tributa). No individual can be named Pro Tempore Diribitore for more than one time in a calendar year. However that individual may be considered by the Senate for a suffect appointment.
Editor commentariorum and *magister aranearius (webmaster) are the two remaining positions.
The editor commentariorum shall be responsible for the production, publication, and distribution of the official publications sponsored by the State. The editor commentariorum shall be appointed by a vote of the senate. The editor commentariorum shall be appointed for suffect (Partial term), full year terms or multiple years . The standard Senatorial appointment should be for a minimum of 2 years.
The magister aranearius shall be responsible for the design, maintenance, and any alteration of the official web site(s) sponsored by the State. The magister aranearius shall solicit input from the other magistrates and institutions of Nova Roma regarding content for the web site*. The Magister aranearius may be appointed for suffect (Partial term), full year term or multiple years. The standard Senatorial appointment should be for a minimum of 2 years.
The Century points for the positions of the Diribitore, Editor Commentariorum and Magister Aranearius shall receive the same number of points as the Office of Quaestor.
Learn more ...
CXXIX: Lex Cornelia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum
Resolved, it is the purpose of this lex to establish ongoing, simple and easily understood procedures to summon the Comitia Populi Tributa. In the past 3 years Nova Roma has been unable to effectively summon the Comitias under the existing procedures and thus the Senate was required to pass Emergency Decrees (SCUs) to resolve this impasse. By promulgating this lex no further SCU will be needed to summon this Comitia (Comitia Populi Tributa).
I. Laws Repealed or Rescinded
All previous laws relating to the Comitia Populi Tributa (hereinafter referred to as the Comitia) are hereby rescinded as they apply to the election of magistrates and the promulgation of legislation by the Comitia.
The Lex Fabia de ratione comitiorum populi tributorum is hereby repealed.
II. Calling to Order the Comitia Populi Tributa
III. Voting Procedures
IV. Procedures for Counting Votes
V. The Breaking of Ties
The following are the only three methods to be utilized to determine the results of ties. The process to be used will be in numerical order – in other words no choosing. If a victor is not determined by the method #1 - then #2 will be used and then #3 until a winner shall be determined. This will be utilized for both ties in individual tribes and in the sum total of the Comitia.
Addendum: In the event that Nova Roma implements a Cista voting platform (internally controlled) and can establish a random tie breaking program that cannot be tampered with to manipulate the results (even the implication of tampering could damage the credibility of our electoral process and must be avoided to the extent of our ability to do so. Nothing must infringe on the integrity of the election). Such a tie breaking program would need to be thoroughly tested and endorsed by the Senate of Nova Roma, prior to being used by the Comitia. Upon this requirement being satisfied the election officers may use a lot breaking device with the approval and consent of the Censors The Censors through the certification process must be confident that the integrity of the tie breaking procedure is both beyond the bounds of human manipulation and that the will of the People through the vote is maintained. The entire electoral process must be, and be seen to be, entirely credible and transparent. Once completed then the Certification process may progress as written in this Lex.
In addition, the presiding magistrate has the duty and responsibility to request a member of the College of Pontifices or appropriate Priest to conduct a ceremonia, at the start of a vote, to address the State’s need to utilize a method of tie resolution that does not utilize chance and a more direct form of divine intervention due to the corruption and tampering of men.
VI. Certification Process
The Censors have the responsibility and powers to investigate any verifiable concern regarding the vote, within the timeframe. If the censors need additional time, one or both censors may seek an extension of time from the presiding magistrate. The presiding magistrate has the discretion to approve an extension or not. The Censors certify the election by sending a notification to the presiding magistrate that they “Approve and sign off on the Comitia results.”
If the Censors fail to sign off on the certification process they are required to explain their rationale to the presiding magistrate. With this notification the presiding magistrate notifies the Senate. Within 48 hours, the presiding magistrate issues an emergency summons of the Senate for the sole purpose of addressing this issue and to promulgate a Senatus Consulta based on the Comitia situation. If the Senate decides to override the Censors decision the Censors can
If the Censors choose to refuse to sign, the Senate certifies the election in place of the Censors. If the Senate determines that the Censors issues are valid and agree with the Censors the results of the Comitia are null and void. The Presiding magistrate notifies the People and closes the Comitia and the Comitia will need to be completely restarted.
If the Censors fail to respond within the 24 hour timeframe, the Censors are deemed to have consented and the Comitia results can then be posted by the presiding magistrate.
Learn more ...
CXXX: Lex Pompeia de ratione comitiorum plebis tributorum
Resolved, in order to establish ongoing, simple and easily understood procedures to summon the Comitia Plebis Tributa and avoid the need for emergency decrees (Senatus consulta ultima - SCUs) by the Senate to effectively summon the Comitia Plebis Tributa, we, the Plebeian citizens of Nova Roma, enact the following:
I. Status of Previous Leges Governing the Comitia Plebis Tributa
All previous laws relating to the Comitia Plebis Tributa (hereinafter referred to as the Comitia) are hereby rescinded as they apply to the election of magistrates and the promulgation of legislation by the Comitia.
II. Calling to Order the Comitia Plebis Tributa
III. The Timing of the Vote
IV. Voting Procedures
V. Procedures for Counting Votes
VI. Breaking of Ties
The following are the only methods to be utilized to determine the results of ties. The process to be used will be exactly, and only, in the order shown - in other words no choosing. If a victor is not determined by Tie Breaker #1 then Tie Breaker #2 will be used, and if a clear winner is not determined by Tie Breaker #2 then Tie Breaker #3 will be used to determine a winner. If there is still no clear winner then Tie Breaker #4 will be used. The tie breaking method outlined here will be utilized to resolve ties within individual tribes as well as in the sum total of the Comitia.
VII. Certification of the Vote
Learn more ...
CXXXI: Lex Cornelia de lege Labiena abroganda
Repeal - Lex Labiena de custodia perpetua fori -
http://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Labiena_de_custodia_perpetua_fori_(Nova_Roma)
Learn more ...
CXXXII: Lex Cornelia de punctis censualibus
Introduction:
Nova Roma’s primary means of compensating its citizens for service and citizenship has been through the utilization of Census Points (hereinafter referred to as CPs). The accumulation of CPs must be carefully monitored to insure that all citizens receive neither more nor less than the appropriate credit for their service. There are also areas in Nova Roma life that have been ignored and hopefully this comprehensive law will address some of those areas.
In accordance with Section II. E. 2 of the Constitution of Nova Roma, the Lex Cornelia de Punctis Censualibus is hereby enacted.
I.
With the passage of this law all previous conflicting legislation is hereby repealed. This includes but is not limited to: Lex Vedia Centuriata (http://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Vedia_centuriata_(Nova_Roma) ) and the Lex Fabia Centuriata: http://novaroma.org/nr/Lex_Fabia_centuriata_(Nova_Roma)
II.
Points will be awarded for all relevant events in each citizen’s record based on the values established in this Lex. For elected positions, citizens are awarded points for each term served. For example, if one was Consul three times then that individual earns three times the CPs – reflecting each term served.
III.
It is the responsibility of each citizen to review their CPs details and ensure that all of their previous service is represented. The Censors, strive to be as accurate as they can be, but it is only with the active cooperation and involvement of citizens that we can ensure the records are as close to perfection as possible. Upon the enactment of this lex, all CPs accumulated so far will be totaled and carried over into the new census points as a direct conversion. There will be no conversion and/or recalculation of century points to census points.
A. Magistrates:
Censor: 30 CP
Consul: 30 CP
Praetor: 25 CP
Tribune of the Plebs: 25 CP
Curule Aedile: 20 CP
Plebian Aedile: 20 CP
Quaestor: 15 CP
Dictator: 30 CP
Interrex: 10 CP
Magistrates Appointed by the Senate (Diribitors, Magister Aranearius, Editor Commentariorum, etc): 7 CP
B. Apparitores: Citizens may hold more than one position in a magistrate’s staff but only get awarded points for one position within that staff. A citizen may not receive census points for more than three such simultaneously-held positions.
Apparitor: 5 pts
C. Provincial Positions: Citizens may hold more than one position within a province – but only get points awarded for one – the highest ranked position. If individuals are governor of more than 1 province they only get points awarded for one province as they are stake-holders for the Senate.
Governor 25 CP
Apparitor: 5 pts
Provincial Sacerdos/Priest: 5 CP
D. Sacerdotes: Citizens may hold more than one position listed in this subparagraph but only get points awarded for one – the highest ranked position. Citizens who serve Nova Roma in one of the positions listed below but also serve in a provincial sacerdos role may receive the points for Provincial Sacerdos/Priest as stated in subparagraph C above in addition to the points awarded for service in a position listed in this subparagraph.
Rex Sacrorum 20
Regina Sacrorum 20
Flamen Maior 20
Pontifex Maximus 20
Pontifex 20
Flamen Minor 15
Augur 15
Vestal 15
Other Sacerdos/Priest 5
For Provincial Sacerdotes see sub-paragraph C above.
E. Other Positions:
Senator: 20 CP
Pater Patriae: 10 CP (in addition to the CP awarded for Senator)
Princeps Senatus: 15 CP (in addition to the CP awarded for Senator – Consistent to the previously adopted Senatus Consulta)
The Senate shall have the authority to issue points for special appointed positions, as well as rewards for special services performed on behalf of the State. Such rewards must be announced at the time of the appointment, and may not be awarded retroactively.
F. Sodalitates (officially sanctioned sodalitates only): Citizens may hold more than one sodalitas position, but get points for the highest one only. The positions and titles of officials included in each rank are defined by each Head. A report must be filed to the Censores to determine the validity of issuing CPs ensuring that the charter approved by the Senate is being properly maintained and elections are held in timely manner. It is the responsibility of the Head of the Sodalitas to provide this information.
Head of a Sodalitas 10 CP
Person of High Authority: 6 CP
Person of Minor Authority: 3 CP
Member of Sodalitas: 1 CP
G. Orders, Citizenship and Candidates:
The Orders:
Patrician: 10 pts
Plebeian: 7 pts
Ordo Equester - 10 CP
Length of citizenship:
Less than 6 months: 5 CP
Between 6 and 12 months: 10 CP
Between 1 year and 5 years: 20 CP
Between 5 years and 10 years: 40 CP
Between 10 years and 20 years: 75 CP
The disbursement of points are not added together. If one has been a member of NR for 13 years they only get 75 CPs because of the bracket that they are in.
Unsuccessfully run for office: 2 CP (Maximum of 1 award per calendar year)
H. Public Events: In an effort to recognize the time, effort, costs of putting on public events the following is stipulated: A public event is one that is identified as a gathering of more than 4 citizens (minors not counted) for the purposes of facilitating an event in which Nova Roma plays an important part this includes but not limited to: Religious rituals occurring, discussion of Nova Roma events, Legionnaire reenactments, dining and camaraderie. After Action reports (hereinafter referred to as AAR) are required to be posted at the public fora as well as a copy is to be given to the Censors. In the AAR, there needs to be the following: The organizer of the event, participants, overview of the event. Some photographic evidence and/or video documentation is to be provided to ensure that those who participated are awarded the points. Each year a citizen may earn points in this category for no more than 3 events.
Organizer of the Event: 5 CP
Participant: 2 CP
I. Reenactors – Of Officially Sponsored Legions.
Liaison between Sponsored Legion and Nova Roma: 3 CPs
Member of Sponsored Legion: 1 CP
IV.
It is now also official policy in Nova Roma that we recognize the need to raise additional revenue. In order to accomplish this Nova Roma establishes the ability of citizens to purchase their way to increase the power of the Vote. Citizens who pay the established fee, which will be confirmed by the CFO of Nova Roma will be able to move up a class of centuries to the next class level. In other words, if a citizen is currently in a Class V level of centuries by paying the fee they will move to the 4th class. This is available to all the classes except for citizens already enrolled in the 1st and 2nd classes. This fee is a yearly recurring fee.
A. The fee for the remainder of the year for 2013 will be $10.00 US
B. The fee for the full year for 2014 will be: $30.00 US
C. The fee for every year after that will be set by the Senate via Senatus Consultum.
Learn more ...
CXXXIII: Lex Cornelia de cursu honorum
As a means of consolidating the laws regarding the eligibility of individuals to serve in magisterial positions (Section IV of the Constitution), this law seeks to make it easier for citizens to know the requirements to run and hold office as well as aid magistrates in cross checking the eligibility of candidates who wish to run for office.
This lex repeals the following:
I
1. To run for and assume the office of Censor one must meet all of these requirements:
2. To run for and assume the office of Consul one must meet all of these requirements:
3. To run for and assume the office of Praetor (NOT Provincial Praetor) one must meet all of these requirements:
3a. To be appointed Provincial Governor one must meet all of these requirements:
EXEMPTION: In the case of this position only, the senate may waive the previously held exemption if and only if no other candidate steps forward to serve as Governor/Provincial Praetor of a province.
4. To run for and assume the office of Curule Aedile one must meet all of these requirements:
5. To run for and assume the office of Quaestor one must meet all of these requirements:
6. To be appointed as an election official, minor magistrate, or Apparitor of Nova Roma as defined by IV.A.8 or IV.A.9 of the Constitution of Nova Roma one must meet all of these requirements *:
* Serving in the positions that fall under the umbrella that are classified under item 6 are generally described to be our entry level positions within Nova Roma and we encourage any and all citizens to being their process of learning about Nova Roma and volunteering their time in one of the many apparitore positions that are available both within one’s province and within the positions that serve Nova Roma in its entirety (consul, censor, praetor.).
II
Age Exemption Procedure
An age Exemption can be granted to a person by the approval of both Censors and receiving an age dispensation via Senatus Consultum from the Senate of Nova Roma via 2/3s approval of the Senate of Nova Roma
Citizens who wish to run for office must present the Consuls with their petition for exemption to the age restriction.
In the case of the annual December magisterial elections, such petitions must be presented to the Consuls no later than the 15th of October.
In the case of mid-year elections, such petitions must be presented to the Consuls as soon as possible, but the presentation of such petitions shall not be regarded as sufficient reason to postpone replacement elections more than thirty days as required by the Constitution, and the right of underage cives to run for office shall not override the Constitutional requirement to fill vacant magistracies in a timely manner.
The petition will include the following information: a. Full Roman name b. Length of Citizenship c. Prior experience within Nova Roma d. The office for which the applicant intends to run
The Consuls shall present the petition to the Senate for a vote in such manner as to allow due consideration of the petition.
III
There shall be no exemption for citizens who are not in the Assiduus/Assidua status or any other magisterial requirement unless directly specified in this lex.
Learn more ...
CXXXIV: Lex Cornelia de apparitoribus
Introduction:
In order to prevent abuse of the Century/Census Point (hereinafter referred to as CPs) system, to protect the electoral integrity of the Comitia Centuriata and promote the proper exercise of the voice of the People of Nova Roma, to insure that only an appropriate number of apparitores be appointed by magistrates, to discourage duplicative and inefficient bureaucracy, and to treat CPs as bona fide compensation for services rendered, this lex places reasonable limits on the number of apparitores, including scribae and accensi, that may be appointed.
DEFINITION: Apparitores (Attendants). Collectively, the apparitores shall not be considered magistrates but rather shall be appointed into various decuriae (corporations/cohors/Staffs) to fulfill those necessary functions as shall be assigned to them by law enacted by one of the comitia. They shall include lictores, lictores curiati, scribae and accensi. (Taken from the Constitution of Nova Roma IV.A.9)
Pursuant to Section IV. A. 9. Upon passage of this lex it is the policy of Nova Roma to impose limits on magistrates who employ apparitores, to keep the amount of apparitores consistent with the size of the organization.
I.
Apparitores perform important functions in Nova Roma. This lex recommends that all citizens, especially new citizens, gain necessary experience concerning the inner workings of Nova Roma. It is equally important that individuals who volunteer their time and effort in Nova Roma are best utilized for the organization; creating bureaucratic nepotism is highly discouraged.
II.
This lex limits the number of apparitores that magistrates may utilize in the scope of their duties:
a. Each Censor: May employ a total of 5 individuals who will earn CPs.
b. Each Consul: May employ a total of 5 individuals who will earn CPs.
c. Each Praetor/Governors: May employ a total of 5 individuals who will earn CPs.
d. Each Curule Aedile: May employ a total of 12 individuals who will earn CPs.
e. Each Plebian Aedile May employ a total of 4 individuals who will earn CPs.
f. Each Tribune of the Plebs: May employ a total of 2 individuals who will earn CPs
III.
It is the policy of Nova Roma that magistrates who are elected and are bound by their oath of office should do the preponderance of their work and not delegate all or most of their tasks to subordinates and assistants (who are not bound by the Oath of office).
IV.
If Magistrates choose to exceed the number of Apparitores in excess of section II of this lex those apparitories in excess will not receive payment for services in the form of CPs. This will be determined by Section V of this lex.
V.
Magistrates must disclose in the form of an appropriately published edict, the names of those apparitor who will receive CPs by June 1st. If the Magistrate is a suffectus magistrate that magistrate must disclose, in the form of an appropriately published edict the names of those apparitories who will receive CPs within 60 days of assuming office.
VI.
If a magistrate does not publish the edict no apparitor will receive CPs for that position. They will, for all intent and purposes have volunteered their time and effort for no payment. This is also applicable for those apparitores who continue service for a magistrate and do not receive CPs.
VII.
A Citizen may serve in as many apparitor positions to as many magistrates as he or she wishes; however, the citizen will receive CPs for service in no more than 3 cohortes (staff) during 1 (one) calendar year.
VIII.
When Nova Roma reaches an Assidui tax base of more than 300 Assidui citizens the presiding magistrate may petition the senate of Nova Roma to adjust the staff sizes of magistrates. The Senate may at that time raise the staff members of individual magistrates or the entire spectrum based on their discretion. However, the Senate must take into consideration the overall number of tax paying citizens as their primary factor.
IX.
If a Magistrate is serving without a colleague that magistrate is entitled to employ double the legal staff limit specified in Section II of this lex. However, if a suffectus magistrate is elected, appointed or assumes the position the Magistrate must reduce his staff within 30 days or publish an edict confirming which apparitores will be given compensation of CPs.
Learn more ...
CXXXV: Lex Cornelia de rebus ordinis equestris
Constitutional Change of the Ordo Equaestor Section of the Constitution Section II.C.2.
Ordo Equester (Equestrian Order) the Equestrian Order shall consist of high standing citizens who excel in their service to the Res Publica. Equestrians shall be enrolled into the Ordo Equester as specified by laws approved by the Comitia.
Learn more ...
CXXXVI: Lex Cornelia de Arminia de fovenda lingua Latina corrigenda
Note by Praetor C. Aemilius Crassus: With the approval of the present lex the Arminia de fovenda lingua latina reads as follows:
This law is intended to encourage classical studies and increase the usage of Latin among the citizens of Nova Roma, recognizing that the fostering of the Latin language is one of the most important and strategic concerns of Nova Roman government.
1. A citizen sufficiently skilled in the Latin language that he or she can correct existing texts in Latin [i.e., proofread them] and translate accurately from his or her native language into Latin who has also served the Res Publica in this capacity may petition the Senate for the honorary title of "Latinist."
2. The application of the citizen shall be sent to the Senate through the consules. The Senate will vote on the proposal and a simple majority shall be sufficient to approve the title.
3. The title of Latinist must be reviewed annually by the Senate, and will be valid from the time of approval until the end of the year. The tax release, however, will be valid only for the following year, even though it is renewed.
4. A Senatus consultum may specify other rules for the application of a Latinist.
5. The title of Latinist shall be considered a title granted by the Senate to citizens for their services to the Res Publica in the promotion of Latin studies.
Learn more ...
CXXXVII: Lex Pompeia de cursu honorum
Resolved, in order to establish the minimum eligibility requirements to serve in those offices specified in Section IV of the Nova Roma Constitution that are elected by the Comitia Plebis Tributa, we, the Plebeian citizens of Nova Roma, enact the following:
I. Tribunus Plebis
To run for and assume the office of Tribunus Plebis one must meet all of these eligibility requirements or a presiding magistrate for such an election must reject the candidacy:
II. Aedilis Plebis
To run for and assume the office of Aedilis Plebis one must meet all of these eligibility requirements or a presiding magistrate for such an election must reject the candidacy:
III. Plebeian status
If at any time during his or her candidacy for the office of Tribunus Plebis or Aedilis Plebis a candidate is adopted into a patrician family or is elevated to the patrician order the presiding magistrate of the Comitia Plebis Tributa must immediately terminate such candidacy. Similarly, if a Tribunus Plebis or Aedilis Plebis who is serving in office is adopted into a patrician family or is elevated to the patrician order during his or her term of office then he or she shall be required to step down immediately and the Censores shall ensure an appropriate entry is made in the citizen’s official record. Any other Tribunus Plebis serving in office at the time of such a resignation may call for suffectus candidates and summon the Comitia Plebis Tributa to conduct an election to fill the vacancy left by the departing tribune or aedile.
IV. Implementation
This law shall go into effect immediately upon approval by a simple majority of the tribes voting in the Comitia Plebis Tributa. However, any citizen holding one of the aforementioned positions at the time of the passage of this law or listed as an official candidate in a election for one of the aforementioned positions at the time this law goes into force shall be exempt from the eligibility requirements stated in paragraphs I and II for the remainder of his or her term. All candidates and all elected Tribuni Plebis and Aediles Plebis, regardless of when their candidacy or term of office started, must maintain plebeian status as stated in paragraph III as there shall be no relief, remedy, exemption or grandfathering for the provisions of paragraph III of this law.
Learn more ...
CXXXVIII: Lex Cornelia de classibus et ordine equestri
Introduction: The purpose of this lex is to bring Nova Roma closer to the ancients by implementing and bringing to life an important segment of the ancient Roman community, The Ordo Equester. This will spell out clearly, transparently the requirements and privliedges of being a member of this esteemed order. In creating this segment of society into Nova Roma it also requires some readjusting of the Comitia Centuriata in accomplishing this every aspect of each citizen’s alignment within the Comitia is transparently laid out from the Census points each citizen earns, to their Class membership and the actual evolution of centuries as Nova Roma’s tax base increases.
I. The lex Octavia altera de comitiis centuratis is hereby repealed.
II. The preconditions for admittance to the Ordo are:
a. That the person be an Assiduus classified citizen of Nova Roma
b. Admission to the Ordo Equester is voluntary and occurs only if the citizen accepts the honor.
c. That the citizen applying must have:
i. A total of at least 220 census points, in which case membership is permanent subject to the citizen maintaining a balance of census points that totals at least 220. Upon acceptance of the offer the citizen will be duly enrolled.
or
ii. Contributed during the year in which he/she applies the minimum amount set annually by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) for business contributions for Ordo membership by any citizen operating a business within Nova Roma, or legally utilising any assets of Nova Roma. Upon acceptance of the offer the citizen will be duly enrolled.
or
iii. Contributed during the year in which he/she applies the minimum amount set annually by the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) for donative contributions for Ordo membership. Membership is permanent and no further donative contribution shall be required for the citizen to maintain membership of the Ordo. Upon acceptance of the offer the citizen will be duly enrolled.
or
iv. Be chosen by one censor for outstanding service to Nova Roma. A Censor may only choose one citizen during his/her two year term as censor. Membership of the Ordo through this means shall not result in advance for the citizen in the centuries and/or classes, though advancement may occur by accruing more census points through the normal public service criteria. A Suffect Censor can not choose any citizen. Upon acceptance of the offer the citizen will be duly enrolled.
III. The requirements for continued membership in the Ordo Equester are:
a. For those citizens admitted under I.b.i permanent, but subject to the citizen retaining a balance of at least 220 census points. Should the citizen suffer a reduction in census points that results in his/her total being less than 220 census points, removal from the Ordo is deemed automatic, and the Censores shall upon such reduction reflect this change in the Album Civium and note the reason in the Censorial record for that citizen.
b. For those citizens admitted under I.b.ii renewed annually and subject to the citizen making the business contribution amount for the year of renewal. After ten years of uninterrupted and continuous payments of the business contributions required, membership shall become permanent and no further business contributions shall be required. A person operating a business within Nova Roma is not eligible to apply for membership of the ordo by virtue of donative contributions as at II.c below.
c. For those citizens admitted under I.b.iii renewed annually and subject to the citizen making the donative contribution amount for that year of renewal. After ten years of uninterrupted and continuous payments of the donative contributions required, membership shall become permanent and no further donative contributions shall be required.
d. For those citizens admitted under I.b.iv permanent, subject to that citizen not resigning or being banished and also subject to the citizen retaining a balance of at least 220 census points. Should the citizen suffer a reduction in census points that results in his/her total being less than 220 census points, removal from the Ordo is deemed automatic, and the Censores shall upon such reduction reflect this change in the Album Civium and note the reason in the Censorial record for that citizen.
IV. The process for admittance to the Ordo:
a. Is automatic for I.b.i and not requiring Censorial approval, collegiate or otherwise.
b. Is subject to the Censors acting in a collegiate manner to admit a citizen for I.b.ii to I.b.iv inclusive.
c. Does not require any public reason to be published to support the decision to admit a person.
d. Requires that the Censors set the amount of census points for the citizens initially admitted under I.b.ii to I.b.iii inclusive at 220 should they be less than 220.
V. The process for rejection of an application to be admitted to the Ordo does not require the Censors to publish a reason for rejection, nor for the censors to provide the person applying with the reasons for rejection. The Censors shall however inform a citizen whose application has been rejected of the fact of rejection, but there is no requirement placed upon the Censors to supply that citizen with the reasons for rejection.
VI. The number of centuries shall be determined based on the number of Assidui citizens in Nova Roma. The Comitia Centuriata will have 31 Centuries that will be divided into 5 classes. The addition of new centuries to the Comitia Centuriata will be structured to coincide to benchmarks of Assidui citizens.
a. 300 and fewer Assidui citizens will result in 31 Centuries
b. 301-600 Assidui citizens will result in 61 Centuries
c. 601 -1200 Assidui Citizens will result in 91 Centuries
d. 1201-1800 Assidui Citizens will result in 121 Centuries
e. 1801-2400 Assidui Citizens will result in 151 Centuries
f. 2401 and above Assidui Citizens will result in 193 Centuries.
VII. The Censores may no longer alter the makeup of the centuries by class. The Censores are tasked to ensure that each class is properly filled with the appropriate citizens in compliance to existing legislation. If there are centuries assigned to classes that do not have the citizens to fill those centuries then the Censores cannot fill those centuries.
a. The Number of Census points will determine what class citizens are allocated in the Comitia Centuriata.
i. If Citizens hold 220 or more Census Points and have accepted enrollment into the Ordo Equester they will be allocated to that Class and appropriate Century.
ii. If Citizens hold between 140-219 Census points OR have not accepted membership into the Ordo Equester they will be allocated to the First Class of Centuries.
iii. If Citizens census points fall within the 100 – 139 Census points they will be allocated to the Centuries within the Second class.
iv. If Citizens census points fall within the 50-99 Census points they will be allocated to the Centuries within the Third class.
v. If Citizens census points fall within the 35-49 Census points they will be allocated to the Centuries within the Fourth class.
vi. If Citizens census points fall within 17-34 Census points they will be allocated to the Centuries within the Fifth class.
vii. If Citizens census points do not meet the minimum threshold of 16 Census points they will be allocated to the Capite Censi Century.
VIII. The relative sizes of each class shall be set as follows:
a. Class I: 49% of the total number of Centuries
i. One single century in this class shall be composed of all those members of the Ordo Equester who have accepted membership into the Ordo Equester. This will be referred to as Century 1.
ii. The Century set aside for the members of the Ordo Equester will be expanded to 2 Centuries when Nova Roma reaches 91 Centuries as defined under section VI.C. These two centuries will be designated as Century 1 and Century 2.
iii. The Centuries set aside for members of the Ordo Equester will be expanded to 3 Centuries when Nova Roma achieves the full complement of 193 centuries as described under VI.f. These 3 centuries will be designated as Century 1, Century 2 and Century 3.
b. Class II: 10% of the total number of Centuries
c. Class III: 10% of the total number of Centuries
d. Class IV: 10% of the total number of Centuries
e. Class V: 15% of the total number of Centuries
i. One single century within class V is reserved for the Capite Censi Only.
f. Within each class, the number of citizens is to be spread as equitable as possible. With the exception of those individual centuries that have extra requirements (Section VIII,a,i and Section VIII,e,i). The Censors are instructed to ensure each class is properly and equitable represented.
IX. Upon enactment of this lex, the only lawful method of subsequently superseding, amending or repealing this lex must be by way of a vote in the Comitia Centuriata that must achieve an extraordinary majority of 2/3s or greater (67% or greater) of the total Centuries.
Learn more ...
CXXXIX: Lex Cornelia poenalis
Introduction: Nova Roma must have a method to administer and adjudicate conflicts between citizens. This has been an area of ongoing concern since Nova Roma was created. The most recent attempt, the Leges Salicia, have not been successful. There are multiple problems with the Leges Salicia. The recent unpleasantness with the trials that Nova Roma have gone through have proven beyond a doubt that Nova Roma needed to rethink how we balance the need for conflict resolution while taking steps to ensure the protection of the Organization. This law achieves that balance.
I. The lex Salicia iudiciaria and the lex Salicia poenalis are repealed.
II. Any attempt to introduce or change the current judicial system or administratively alter the procedures within and for Nova Roma, other than those processes outlined in this lex, shall be illegal.
III. The judicial system of Nova Roma shall be based solely on the Code of Conduct as defined in this lex.
IV. Only the praetors, consuls, censors and Senate shall enforce and administer the Code of Conduct.
V. The Code of Conduct shall be applicable and have legal force within:
a. All official fora under the control of the praetors
b. Those communication venues under the care, custody and control of the Senate
c. Those communication venues under the care, custody and control of the provincial governors.
d. Those communication venues under the care, custody and control of official Nova Roman sodalities, as defined by the Senate.
e. Those communication venues under the care, custody and control of the Collegium Pontificum or the Collegium Augurum as defined by the collegium concerned and such definition being ratified by the Senate.
f. Official Nova Roman in-person meetings, authorised and/or sponsored by a magistrate of Nova Roma, the Senate, the Collegium Pontificum, the Collegium Augurum or a provincial magistrate.
VI. The Code of Conduct shall be as follows:
a. A person who advocates or otherwise promotes or publicises a prohibited course of action in any area as defined at section V above, or commits an act in support of such a course of action, whether such act is successful in its execution or not, shall be deemed to have breached the Code of Conduct.
b. The following are courses of action that are, for the purposes of section II.B.4 of the Nova Roman Constitution, deemed to represent and imminent and clear danger to the Republic and are thus prohibited for the purposes of section VI.a above together with the relevant penalty schedule (as defined below) that shall apply :
i. The overthrow and/or replacement of a magistrate(s), official (elected or appointed) and/or Senate of Nova Roma by any method that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule I)
ii. Threats of violence, intimidation or harm to person(s) or threats to damage property (schedule I)
iii. The theft of, or destruction or damage to corporate assets (schedule I)
iv. The provision of data or information from any Nova Roman record or database to an unauthorised person or organization. Exceptions are for the purpose of complying with a legal demand by macronational authorities, and in order to protect and/or preserve the corporate status of Nova Roma Inc. (schedule I)
v. The dissolution of Nova Roma by any method that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule II)
vi. The removal of the religio publica as the official religion of Nova Roma by any method that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule II)
vii. The surrender or sabotage of the corporate status of Nova Roma Inc. by any method that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule II)
viii. Public displays of hatred towards any person, or group of persons, based on colour, race, religion, ethnic origin, gender or sexual orientation (schedule III)
ix. Extolling the benefits and/or values of an organization deemed by the Senate to be a competing organization (schedule III)
x. Resigning from any magistracy or office at a time critical to the security and/or well-being of Nova Roma, where such resignation would likely pose an imminent and clear danger to the continued survival, or orderly functioning of, Nova Roma, and where no other magistrate or official of equal or greater authority currently holds office, or where such other magistrate or official is unavailable (schedule IV)
xi. Engaging in a pattern of behaviour and communication during a comitia summons, with the intended result of disrupting and/or terminating any vote within that comitia that is illegal and/or unconstitutional (schedule IV)
xii. Engaging in a pattern of behaviour and communication that violates the Terms of Service (ToS) of any communication venue owned by a third party service or company, and which Nova Roma utilizes, thereby imperilling, impeding or preventing Nova Roma’s right to use that communication venue. (schedule IV)
c. Any citizen of Nova Roma may present a praetor with a complaint alleging a breach of the Code of Conduct. Upon receipt of such information the praetor must within 7 calendar days of such receipt review the evidence presented as well as any other evidence which the praetor subsequently discovers upon investigation of the allegation. If the praetor upon review of such evidence concludes there is no breach of the Code of Conduct no further action shall be taken. If the praetor considers that there is reasonable suspicion that a breach of the Code of Conduct has occurred, then:
i. The praetor must then contact the person at section VI.a and request an explanation for the alleged breach of the Code of Conduct and require an answer within 14 calendar days.
ii. Should no answer be received by the praetor within 14 calendar days then the person at section VI.a shall be automatically deemed to have breached the Code of Conduct.
iii. Should an answer be received within 14 calendar days the praetor shall review it and determine if:
1. A response can be made from the individual accused and/or by a representative on behalf of the accused.
2. There is no clear and convincing evidence of the accused having violated the Code of Conduct. If that is the case, no further action shall be taken.
3. There is evidence a breach has occurred but mitigating circumstances exist. If there is evidence of such then the praetor has the discretionary power to issue a warning and not impose a penalty, or should the praetor not wish to exercise that discretion a level (a) penalty under the relevant schedule shall be imposed. Should a person who has been warned previously commit further similar or greater, as defined by the praetor, breaches of the Code of Conduct then this discretionary power shall not be exercised and a level (c) penalty under the relevant schedule shall be imposed.
4. There is evidence a breach has occurred and there are no mitigating circumstances and no aggravating circumstances. If there is evidence of such, then the praetor shall impose a level (b) penalty under the relevant schedule.
5. There is evidence a breach has occurred and there are no mitigating circumstances and aggravating circumstances exist. If there is evidence of such, then the praetor shall impose a level (c) penalty under the relevant schedule.
6. If If there is a guilty decision on any item covered under section v.b.i – v.b.xiii, then the praetor shall transfer authority over the matter to the princeps senatus, who shall issue a call to convene the Senate into a formal meeting of the Senate in session, as defined by the SENATUS CONSULTUM DE RATIONE SENATUS MMDCCLXV. The princeps senatus shall present the Senate with such evidence and the matter shall be debated by the Senate. The princeps senatus shall present a draft senatus consultum to the Senate that asks it to decide whether the alleged breach has occurred and to approve the sentencing of the infraction according to the schedule listed in this lex.
a. The princeps senatus shall have the administrative discretion to judicially review the administrative process conducted by the Praetor, can conduct necessary discovery, and recommend alternative sentences. The only limitation is that the princeps senatus cannot impose any sentence in excess of the schedule listed in this lex.
7. In assessment of evidence, or mitigating circumstances or aggravating circumstances, the praetor shall determine those by use of his/her own judgement.
8. If any punishment is so warranted by any empowered magistrate or empowered individual covered in section iii before said punishment may be applied it must be reviewed by the Senate of Nova Roma. If the Senate of Nova Roma does not approve by consent of the voting members of the senate (simple majority of all senators present) then the punishment is voided and not applied. Only after the consent of the Senate may any punishment be applied.
iv. The following define Schedule I to Schedule IV penalties:
1. Schedule I (levels a, b and c)
a. Mitigation: Banishment from Nova Roma for 10 years to 19 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 5 years from the date of return.
b. No mitigation and no aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 20 years to 29 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 7 years from the date of return.
c. No mitigation and aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 30 years to 99 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: perpetual loss of the right to stand for any public office.
2. Schedule II (levels a, b and c)
a. Mitigation: Banishment from Nova Roma for 4 years to 5 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 1 year from the date of return.
b. No mitigation and no aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 6 years to 7 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 2 years from the date of return.
c. No mitigation and aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 8 years to 9 years. Upon any return of Nova Roman citizenship: loss of the right to stand for any public office for a further 4 years from the date of return.
3. Schedule III (levels a, b and c)
a. Mitigation: Banishment from Nova Roma for 1 year.
b. No mitigation, no aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 2 years.
c. Aggravating circumstances: Banishment from Nova Roma for 3 years.
4. Schedule IV (levels a, b and c)
a. Mitigation: Loss of membership from all areas at section V that the person at VI.a might legitimately be admitted to at the time of the imposition of the penalty and loss of voting rights and right to stand for any public office for, or be appointed to, any office or position in Nova Roma, for 6 months to 1 year
b. No mitigation, no aggravating circumstances: Loss of membership from all areas at section V that the person at VI.a might legitimately be admitted to at the time of the imposition of the penalty and loss of voting rights and right to stand for any public office for, or be appointed to, any office or position in Nova Roma, for 1 year to 5 years
c. Aggravating circumstances: : Loss of membership from all areas at section V that the person at VI.a might legitimately be admitted to at the time of the imposition of the penalty and loss of voting rights and right to stand for any public office for, or be appointed to, any office or position in Nova Roma for 5 year to 10 years
v. Where a range of years in the form of a penalty exists, the praetor shall, at his or her own discretion, choose the exact amount of years from within that range, excluding section VI.c.III.5 where the vote of the Senate imposes the penalty and level.
vi. The right of appeal upon imposition of a penalty under this lex shall be defined as the exercise of the right of provocatio, as per section II.B.5 of the Nova Roman Constitution.
vii. The mechanism for imposing the penalty shall be by means of a praetorial edict issued by the presiding praetor. The censors must upon publication of the praetorial edict record the details of the penalty in the Album civium entry for the person at VI.a.
d. The praetor shall use his/her own judgement in determining the facts of a matter, and/or evaluating evidence in respect of that matter, concerning an alleged breach of the Code of Conduct. This also applies to the Senate with regard to judicial review of any guilty verdict.
e. In cases where there is a difference between the decision of the Praetor and a decision reached by the Senate of Nova Roma the decision by the Senate of Nova Roma is the decision of final resort.
f. There shall be a limitation on the period of time for each breach during which the actions described in this lex can be utilized and after that time no action shall be taken, dated from the time and date offense or action. The limitations according to the associated schedule number for the breach concerned are:
i. Schedule I: 10 years
ii. Schedule II 5 years
iii. Schedule III: 3 years
iv. Schedule IV: 1 year
VII. Rights of all citizens under this lex.
a. Citizens have the right to know who their accuser is.
b. Citizens have a right to a defense and may seek representation. Citizens also have a right to know the accusations and evidence presented against them.
c. Any punishment determined by the praetor is suspended and shall not take effect until the Senate ratifies that punishment by vote.
VIII Upon enactment of this lex, the only lawful method of subsequently superseding, amending or repealing this lex must be by way of a vote in the Comitia Centuriata that must achieve an extraordinary majority of 2/3s or greater (67% or greater) of the total Centuries.
Learn more ...
CXL: Lex Cornelia de civitate eiuranda
I. For the purpose of section V of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda, the “prevailing legal procedures” shall be defined as those procedures contained within a Senatus consultum, which at the time of the enactment of this lex is the “Senatus consultum on the reapplication process for citizenship”, passed 2765 A.U.C. A senatus consultum issued after the enactment of this lex may amend, or enhance, the “prevailing legal procedures”.
II. Section II.A of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:
“Citizenship from Nova Roma may be voluntarily relinquished by either:
1. Notification of the Censors. Submission to the Censors by the citizen intending to resign of an intention to resign citizenship should be made in writing with the intention clearly stated, and may be transmitted in writing via any available means.
2. A statement of intent to resign citizenship made in writing by the citizen intending to resign in a public communications forum, list, board or venue, electronic or otherwise, whether that forum is owned or controlled by Nova Roma or not, to which the censors or another magistrate (as described in section IV.A or section IV.B of the Nova Roman Constitution) or a provincial governor of Nova Roma has access. Such intent may also be made by email to a magistrate or provincial governor. The magistrate or governor shall forward verbatim the text of the resignation and provide any electronic hyperlink to such a statement or a forwarded copy of the email concerned. The censors shall exercise collegiate judgment in whether to accept any such communication at section II.A.2 as intent to resign citizenship.”
III. Section IV.A of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:
“A Citizen whose citizenship is temporarily suspended under the Lex Fabia de Censu is known as an exsilius. A Citizen who voluntarily relinquishes citizenship by submitting a resignation from Nova Roma may also be treated as a exsilius for the purposes of this lex. Under the lex Fabia de Censu, a Citizen becomes a excensus after failing to register with one census. Any excensus or former Citizen in a excensus status who fails to register with a census or who fails to otherwise reestablish citizenship may, at the discretion of the Censors, have his or her status terminated, and thus be removed from the censorial Album Civium.”
IV. Section IV of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended by the insertion of a subsection C to read:
“A citizen subject to banishment imposed under the terms of any lex shall not be treated as exsilius and upon imposition of the banishment shall be treated as a former citizen, devoid of any and all legal rights within Nova Roma.”
V. Section VI.A of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:
“When a former Citizen applies for reinstatement of citizenship, a waiting period of ninety (90) days must precede the reestablishment of citizenship. A former Citizen whose citizenship was removed by the process of banishment is not entitled to a restoration of any titles, honors and/or effects of past public offices (including census points). In the case of any other Citizen who was exsilius or excensus the restoration of any titles, honors and/or effects of past public offices (excluding census points) shall be at the discretion of, the censors acting in a collegiate manner. The restoration of census points for a person who was exsilius or excensus shall be determined by the process in section XXXX of this lex.”
VI. Section VI.C of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:
“Any census points that are due under the terms of this lex to a returning Citizen must be restored at the time that citizenship is legally re-established by the censors.”
VII. Section VIII.A of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended to read:
“All rights and privileges of citizenship are restored to a Citizen at the time his or her citizenship is re-established, subject to any legal prohibitions, cancellations, or any other such restriction, that may exist at the time of re-establishment of citizenship.”
VIII. The Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda is amended by the insertion of a section IX. ((Census Point loss)) which shall have the following sub-sections:
“A. Voluntary resignations shall be classified as follows:
1. Personal: The reason provided, in the judgment of the censors acting collegiately, clearly relates to a situation of a non-Nova Roman nature
2. NR dispute: The reason provided, in the judgment of the censors acting collegiately, clearly relates to a situation where a conflict, conducted in public or private, has occurred over matters that relate to Nova Roman matters, between the Citizen resigning Citizenship and another Citizen(s), or a former Citizen(s) or another person(s)
3. No reason: No reason is provided in the judgment of the censors acting collegiately
4. No warning: The Citizen resigning, while holding office, whether elected or appointed, gave no prior notice of an intent to resign, thus preventing alternative solutions to resignation being discussed
5. 2nd resignation: The Citizen has resigned his/her citizenship twice.
6. 3rd plus resignations: The Citizen has resigned his/her citizenship three or more times.
B. A Citizen who has voluntarily resigned shall be classed as either “citizen” (not holding elected or appointed office at the time of resignation), “minor official” (holding an office at the time of resignation, whether that office was elected or by appointment, that was not censor, consul, praetor or provincial governor) or “major official” (held office at the time of resignation as censor, consul, praetor or provincial governor).
C. Upon restoration of Citizenship, except in cases where the returning Citizen is returning from a period of legal banishment that has now expired, the amount of Citizen Points (CP) that must be returned to the Citizen is based on the table below “at VIII.D”, Where the amount of loss is listed as a percentage, that percentage must be deducted from the CP held by the Citizen at the time of his/her resignation, or the fixed amount of actual CP that must be deducted. After calculation of a percentage loss, the result of CP if less than a whole number shall be rounded down. If after deduction of a fixed amount of CP this results in a negative number, that shall be recorded in the Citizen’s Album Civium. The censors shall administer the application of the CP deductions in the table below.
D. Census Point loss table
Notes:
1) 2nd resignation of a person deemed at the time of resignation does not require that he/she was also an official on 1st resignation. 2) Results of CP loss may place the resigned citizen in negative balance, which he/she will have to work off balance before CP can be earned. 3) Tax rates will be addressed through Senatus consultum (tax is the prerogative of the Senate) but persons who have resigned and returned will be required to pay the Nova Roman tax for the class they were in prior to CP loss.
4) CP loss will be calculated at the time of resignation, not upon returning, and amount of loss noted on citizen's Album page together with the class and century they were in at time of resignation.
5) The table is read left to right, so the censors shall first determine which applies; Personal, NR dispute or No reason. Then they shall determine if warning was not given and apply the enhanced penalties indicated, and finally evaluate if the citizen has resigned two, or three (or more) times and apply those penalty enhancers.
6) +20% means that this 20% is added to either, 30%, 60% or 80% depending on which applies to the Citizen.
7) 2x % loss means that the prior amount calculated is multiplied by a factor of two; 3x % loss means that the prior amount calculated is multiplied by a factor of three.
Note from Praetor C. Aemilius Crassus: The present lex changes several points of the Lex Minucia Moravia de civitate eiuranda
Learn more ...
CXLI: Lex Cornelia de constitutione corrigenda secunda
Lex Cornelia de constitutione corrigenda secunda (Nova Roma) Learn more ...
CXLII: Lex Cornelia Domitia de re publica constituenda
Preamble
Whereas the Senate and People of Nova Roma and the Republic of the Nova Roman People has been dragged into crisis and turmoil by Cn. Iulius Caesar and L. Cornelius Sulla Felix and their faction,
and whereas the faction that caused this chaos by a meditated coup and still controls the infrastructure of Nova Roma, refuses to return these assets of Nova Roma to the Nova Roman people,
and whereas the perpetrators of the coup, Cn. Iulius Caesar and L. Cornelius Sulla Felix instilled fear in the citizenry by the expulsion of the elected magistrates and the tribunes of the plebs for life, by the oppression of the citizens’ rights and free speech, by destroying the citizenship and Nova Roman identity of citizens who expressed disagreement with their tyrannical actions, and thus they made free speech dangerous, and honest public discussion in the official forum of Nova Roma controlled by the coup-makers impossible,
and whereas the perpetrators of the coup, who maintain control of the voting tools of Nova Roma, withhold the election of new magistrates, causing Nova Roma to be without official government,
we, the citizens of Nova Roma assembled for the purpose of saving Nova Roma from this crisis, do hereby resolve to restore Nova Roma to proper function under proper political process, and to organize our Roman community life until the res publica is restored to said function; to which end we do take affirmative and restorative action by proclaiming the following unofficial and non-corporate private citizens’ initiative in the form of a lex, to be enacted as temporary measures, not to be held as binding under the corporate constitution of Nova Roma or the regulations of the State of Maine:
I. The election of the tribuni militum consulari potestate
II. The role of the tribuni militum consulari potestate
The tribuni militum consulari potestate shall fill the role of the consules, in that they shall provide the citizenry with guidance in their Nova Roman community life, by serving as a center offering cohesion and coordination to the citizens, their activities and initiatives as long as the individuals in control of the infrastructure and assets of Nova Roma are not filling this role. The tribuni militum consulari potestate shall fill the role of the praetores and censores as well, likewise to their ancient Roman counterpart, inasmuch as the circumstances necessitate acting in the capacity of a censor or praetor. In addition, the Nova Roman tribuni militum consulari potestate shall fill the role of the four aediles as well, unless aediles are elected or other officers entrusted with the aedilician duties.
III. Term of office of the tribuni militum consulari potestate
IV. The election, assignment and function of quaestores
V. Other non-corporate magistrates and officers
VI. The non-corporate senate, comitia and priestly colleges
The status of all non-corporate senate, comitia and priestly colleges and their relation to Nova Roma, Inc. is the same as that of the consular tribunes as described under II.A..
VII. Legal force
This lex is enacted, operating, and to be interpreted under the authority of the non-corporate senatus consultum ultimum on the continued operation of the res publica during the crisis, and thus has all the force of a senatus consultum ultimum to override temporarily the existing laws of Nova Roma for the benefit of the recovering citizenry. Should any danger to the continued existence of the Free Nova Roma emerge the management of which is not covered by this lex or other laws, the committee of the liberatores are lawfully empowered to defend the freedom of the res publica.
VIII. Subsequent confirmation
This non-corporate lex shall not have any legal meaning or official status either under the laws of the State of Maine or within the context of Nova Roma, Inc. as a corporation chartered in the State of Maine, USA; however, it shall become an official lex of the Nova Roman Republic upon subsequent confirmation by the lawful, legal state and corporate authorities of Nova Roma after order is restored to the Republic. The non-corporate senate shall have the power to declare, by a senatus consultum ultimum, the recognition of the new corporate government as lawful and legal under the laws of the Republic, but such a declaration of recognition can only take force if the corporate government has already confirmed all non-corporate legal documents, offices, actions and decisions made until the day of the declaration of recognition. This subsequent confirmation by the corporate authorities is obligatory and it is a prerequisite, inasmuch as the validity of the recognition of the corporate government as lawful under the laws of the Republic depends on the corporate government’s full confirmation of all non-corporate legal documents, offices, actions and decisions without any exception. If such a declaration of recognition by a non-corporate senatus consultum ultimum is made, and if all non-corporate legal documents, offices, actions and decisions are confirmed by the corporate authorities, all non-corporate institutions and offices immediately merge with the corporate institutions, in a manner described by the same senatus consultum ultimum.
Learn more ...
CXLIII: Lex Aurelia de legionibus
Preamble
Whereas in the Declaration of Nova Roma, the New Roman People renounced, “eternally and without exception”, the use of force in the pursuit of the restoration of the Roman republic, in order to exist “as a lawful, peaceful and benign nation, in accord with the principles acknowledged and shared by the world community”, the Army of the New Roman People (Exercitus Populi Novi Romani) may only exist as a ceremonial honor guard and martial arts corps promoting the history of the Roman army and spreading Romanitas and the idea of Nova Roma in the modern world through educational activity, experimental archaeology and historical reenactment. For 20 years, the status of the military reenactment groups of Nova Roma wasn’t regulated by permanent legislation, however, as the expansion of our republic necessitates this, in the 20th Anniversary Year of Nova Roma, the Sacred Year of Concordia, as a tribute to our founding principles, the Nova Roman People enacts the following law:
I.
The entirety of all the military units of Nova Roma is the Exercitus (Reconstructivus/Ritualis) Populi Novi Romani Quiritium (the Reenactment Armed Forces of the New Roman People of the Quirites), and, as a consequence of their imperium, its ceremonial supreme commanders and commanders-in-chief are the consules of the year, its vice-supreme commanders are the praetores, the territorial commanders-in-chief are governors of the provinces, but other, specially appointed commanders may exist, as well.
II.:
The Exercitus Populi Novi Romani Quiritium is composed of independent, autonomous, self-governing reenactment units which all have their own rules of operation, determined by themselves. Their independence can be of varying degree according to their own decision about how much control they want to retain for themselves, but in the list of priority in the access to privileges within Nova Roma the principle must be observed that the more involved is the central management of Nova Roma in the management of the unit, the more support shall be given to the reenactment unit from the organization.
III.
The highest units of the Reenactment Armed Forces of Nova Roma are the autonomous, self-governing military units, three types of which can exist: the Autonomous Reenactment Legio, the Autonomous Reenactment Cohors, and the Autonomous Reenactment Exercitus, which is an independent and self-governing reenactment organization composed of more than one Legiones. Each Autonomous Reenactment Unit in Nova Roma is completely self-governing and operates according to their own rules and practices. The difference between the Autonomous Reenactment Legio and Cohors is in name only, and it is determined only by the reenactors’ intention of what type of ancient Roman unit they want to represent, therefore these all can be colloquially referred to in a simplified form as “legion (Legio, Cohors) or joint legions (Exercitus) of Nova Roma”, but in order to avoid confusion, all three categories will be referred to as “Automonous Reenactment Unit of Nova Roma” henceforward if all of them are indicated at the same time.
IV.
An Autonomous Reenactment Unit of Nova Roma can be established only by an official act of levy of a magistrate or governor with imperium. If a Roman military reenactment group wishes to be part of Nova Roma, or if a Nova Roman citizen or group of citizens wish to create a new reenactment group as part of Nova Roma, they shall obtain the consent of the provincial governor with imperium or any magistrate with imperium, who then shall issue an edict on the levy of the reenactment unit in question, specifying the unit as a Nova Roman military reenactment unit. A reenactment group can be declared as a Nova Roman unit only if it requires by rule that all of its soldiers (not including tirones) have to be Nova Roman citizens. The Chief Commanding Officer (CO, simply “commander” hereafter) of the Nova Roman reenactment unit shall be ceremonially appointed by a magistrate or governor with imperium, but the actual method of selecting the commander shall be done according to the internal rules of the unit. The appointment by the Nova Roman authorities is purely a formal and ceremonial action, and the magistrate or governor with imperium must appoint any citizen as commander whom the leadership of the unit requests.
V.
The internal structure of these autonomous units, whether they are composed of more divisions, regiments, battalions, companies or squads (legiones, cohortes, manipuli, centuriae, contubernia), is left to the internal decision of that reenactment unit. Nova Roma will keep direct contact only with the autonomous top unit (which encompasses all subdivisions and represents the totality of the reenactment organization), and the responsible contact person and representative for Nova Roma will be the Chief Commanding Officer of the Autonomous Reenactment Unit.
VI.
The Chief Commanding Officer of an autonomous reenactment unit of Nova Roma must hold the military rank of Tribunus, or the title of Praefectus Cohortis or Praefectus Legionis, which are not military ranks proper, but political military offices. If the commander’s military rank is not Tribunus, he can hold any other military rank (Tesserarius, Optio, Centurio etc…), but he must immediately be promoted to, and must concurrently hold, the political army rank of Praefectus as well. The rank of Praefectus is automatically granted by Nova Roma to a commander of any autonomous Nova Roman reenactment unit, but formally they shall receive their appointment from the governor of the province where the group resides or from the consuls or from other magistrates with imperium, and the appointing governor or magistrate shall be the immediate ceremonial superior of the appointed commander. This appointment is a requirement to the establishment or recognition of a new Nova Roman unit, and each autonomous unit leader is entitled to it. The duty of the autonomous unit commander is to serve as the representative of Nova Roma within the unit and for the public, and as liaison and coordinator between the leadership of Nova Roma and his unit.
VII.
A commander of an autonomous Legio, or a commander of an autonomous Exercitus, composed of more than one legions, shall wear the political rank of Legatus or Legatus Legionis. This rank is not granted automatically, however, but it is granted at the discretion of the Senate or of a governor or magistrate with imperium. The rank of Legatus is not permanent, it is not a military rank proper, but a political office within the military, and it expires after the term of office is over. In case it has expired, the commander can ask for a renewal of his appointment. If he doesn’t get immediately re-appointed, he can still continue as the actual commander of his reenactment group (but now as Praefectus or Tribunus) without any interruption.
VIII.
Besides fully Nova Roman reenactment units, Nova Roma accepts allied military reenactment units as its partner groups. If a Roman or any ancient Roman-era military reenactment group (Germanic, Gallic etc.) wishes to be an allied unit of Nova Roma, they shall obtain the consent of the provincial governor with imperium or any magistrate with imperium, who then shall issue an edict on the acceptance of the reenactment unit in question, specifying the unit as a military reenactment unit allied to Nova Roma. A reenactment group can be declared as an allied unit of Nova Roma only if it has at least one Nova Roman citizen among its soldiers who shall be the representative of Nova Roma within the unit and for the public, and as liaison and coordinator between the leadership of Nova Roma and his unit. There are no other requirements regarding the internal structure of an Allied Autonomous Reenactment Unit.
IX.
A Roman-era military reenactment organization representing any ancient Roman-era culture or ethnicity can apply for the status of recommended or sponsored military unit of Nova Roma with the title “friend of Nova Roma” (amicus populi Novi Romani). If a Roman or any ancient Roman-era military reenactment group (Germanic, Gallic etc.) wishes to be a friend of Nova Roma, they shall obtain the consent of the provincial governor with imperium or any magistrate with imperium, who then shall issue an edict on the acceptance of the reenactment unit in question, specifying the unit as a friend of Nova Roma. A reenactment group can be declared as a friend of Nova Roma only if it makes a reference to its friendship with Nova Roma on its main internet location (website or social media page). There are no other requirements regarding the internal structure of an Allied Autonomous Reenactment Unit. A unit that is a friend of Nova Roma shall have the right to have its own page on the Nova Roma website where it can introduce and promote itself, and shall have a limited number of promotional opportunities on the fora or social media pages and groups of Nova Roma.
X.
An Autonomous Reenactment Unit shall have the following privileges granted by Nova Roma:
X.A.
A Nova Roman military reenactment unit shall have unlimited use of the website and online communication channels of Nova Roma for advertisement, recruitment and announcements of any kind, restricted only by reasonable forum moderation in case of disruptive or uncooperative behavior.
X.B.
A Nova Roman military reenactment unit shall have unlimited priority access to expert counsel and assistance regarding research and questions about Roman culture, religion, history, archaeology, military, Latin language or any questions requiring professional assistance for a Roman legionary reenactment unit.
X.C.
A Nova Roman military reenactment unit shall have priority entitlement to financial or other type of support depending on the state of the treasury.
X.D.
A Nova Roman military reenactment unit shall have unlimited right to cooperation and networking with all other Nova Roman legions, allied units and groups that are friends of Nova Roma, with priority granted regarding invitations to public appearances and business opportunities offered by other Nova Roman units or by the central or provincial administrations of Nova Roma.
X.E.
All these privileges are granted for free to an Autonomous Reenactment Unit of Nova Roma: there is no membership fee, there is no requirement regarding activity and it is not mandatory to appear at Nova Roma events or to do certain things; the unit can operate entirely according to its internal organization. The only requirement regarding activity remains that the unit must recognize its programs, events as events of Nova Roma.
XI.
An Autonomous Reenactment Unit or any subdivision unit of an autonomous military reenactment organization of Nova Roma shall fulfill, and once fulfilled, it shall maintain, the following requirements before being conscripted as a Nova Roman legion or other unit type:
XI.A.
A Nova Roman military reenactment unit shall possess, use, respect and honor with salutation a flag of Nova Roma as its most sacred national flag publicly besides its own unit standards and flags.
XI.B.
A Nova Roman military reenactment unit shall respect and honor with salutation the magistrates and other state officers of Nova Roma, and shall recognize these magistrates as their own state magistrates, but this remains a ceremonial requirement and the magistrates of Nova Roma don’t have any right to give orders to an Autonomous Reenactment Unit unless it is agreed upon otherwise by the leadership of the unit.
XI.C.
A Nova Roman military reenactment unit shall recognize the rank of the officers of other Nova Roman legions as real and equal to its own ranks; this is a purely formal and ceremonial gesture, officers of another reenactment unit shall not have any actual commanding power within an autonomous reenactment unit unless with mutual agreement between the groups.
XI.D.
All programs and events of a Nova Roman reenactment unit shall count as programs and events of Nova Roma, Nova Roma shall have the right to use the events, programs, photos or promotional materials of the unit, and the unit can also advertise all other programs of Nova Roma as its own programs within the extended organization. A reenactment group of Nova Roma shall state this fact on its main internet location (website or social media page), and shall post a link to the Nova Roma website on its main internet location.
XI.E.
Reenactor soldiers of a military unit of Nova Roma shall swear an oath of loyalty to the Nova Roman Republic in which they pledge to promote Roman culture and traditions, Roman virtues and values through their educational activities as reenactors. Reenactor soldiers of Nova Roma must keep the safety of their members and the safety of their audience as their highest priority during their performances, must abstain from any form of real violence of harmful intention, must maintain a high ethical standard of civilized and polite behavior, benevolence and spirit of brotherhood toward all reenactors, must avoid uncivilized conflicts with other groups, or if a conflict emerges, they must not let such conflicts be noticeable to the public in any form.
XII.
An allied military reenactment unit of Nova Roma shall have the following privileges granted by Nova Roma:
XII.A.
An allied military reenactment unit of Nova Roma unit shall have the right to use of the website and the online communication channels of Nova Roma for advertisement, recruitment and announcements of any kind, restricted by the priority rights of the fully Nova Roman legions to these tools.
XII.B.
An allied military reenactment unit of Nova Roma shall have access to expert counsel and assistance regarding research and questions about Roman culture, religion, history, archaeology, military, Latin language or any questions requiring professional assistance for a Roman legionary reenactment unit. This right is restricted by the priority rights of the fully Nova Roman legions to these tools.
XII.C.
A Nova Roman military reenactment unit shall have right to cooperation and networking with all other Nova Roman legions, allied units and groups that are friends of Nova Roma.
XII.D.
All these privileges are granted for free to an allied unit of Nova Roma: there is no membership fee, there is no requirement regarding activity and it is not mandatory to appear at Nova Roma events or to do certain things; the unit can operate entirely according to its internal organization.
XIII.
An allied military reenactment unit of Nova Roma shall fulfill, and once fulfilled, it shall maintain, the following requirements before being recognized as an allied unit of Nova Roma:
XIII.A.
An allied military reenactment unit of Nova Roma shall respect and honor with salutation a flag of Nova Roma.
XIII.B.
An allied military reenactment unit of Nova Roma shall respect and honor with salutation the magistrates and other state officers of Nova Roma, but this remains a ceremonial requirement and the magistrates of Nova Roma don’t have any right to give orders to the allied unit unless it is agreed upon otherwise by the leadership of the unit.
XIII.C.
An allied military reenactment unit of Nova Roma shall recognize the rank of the officers of other Nova Roman legions as real and equal to its own ranks; this is a purely formal and ceremonial gesture, officers of another reenactment unit shall not have any actual commanding power within an allied autonomous reenactment unit unless with mutual agreement between the groups.
XIII.D.
An allied reenactment group of Nova Roma shall state the fact of alliance on its main internet location (website or social media page), and shall post a link to the Nova Roma website on its main internet location.
Learn more ...
CXLIV: Lex Aurelia de familiis gladiatoriis et ludis gladiatoriis
Preamble
Nova Roma is committed against any use of real violence with harmful intention, however, the ancient Roman martial arts of the gladiators encompasses, besides the negative aspects of violence, a historical value and a deeper meaning of noble ideas of fate, human virtues, honor, life and death, mythological motives and religious devotion. With the non-violent, playful, educational but serious reconstruction of the ancient Roman gladiatorial games, Nova Roma aims to invoke that nobler spirit and spiritual aspect in the martial arts of the gladiators, and strives to educate about their historical and cultural significance in order to promote the history of the Roman army and to spread Romanitas and the idea of Nova Roma in the modern world through educational activity, experimental archaeology and historical reenactment. For 20 years, the status of the gladiatorial groups of Nova Roma wasn’t regulated, however, as the expansion of our republic necessitates this, in the 20th Anniversary Year of Nova Roma, the Sacred Year of Concordia, as a tribute to our founding principles, the Nova Roman People enacts the following law:
I.
A gladiatorial reenactment group is officially termed as a familia gladiatoria or ludus gladiatorius; the designation is chosen at the discretion of the group, but the term “ludus” is recommended for those groups where education of children or training of gladiators is in the focus, while the term familia is recommended for a less school-like, veteran gladiatorial group where training is not in the focus but public performances fill most of the time of the group.
II.
Nova Roma recognizes its own gladiatorial groups and allied gladiatorial groups as an Autonomous Gladiatorial Reenactment Group of Nova Roma or as Allied Autonomous Gladiatorial Reenactment Groups. Each type works as an independent, autonomous, self-governing gladiatorial reenactment group with its own rules of operation, determined by the group. Their independence can be of varying degree according to their own decision about how much control they want to retain for themselves, but in the list of priority in the access to privileges within Nova Roma the principle must be observed that the more involved is the central management of Nova Roma in the management of the gladiatorial group, the more support shall be given to the reenactment group from the organization.
III.
An Autonomous Gladiatorial Reenactment Group of Nova Roma can be established only by registration at the aedilician office, and the aediles (either central Nova Roman aediles or municipal, township level aediles) will grant this status if the applicant group meets the requirements. If a gladiatorial group wishes to be part of Nova Roma, or if a Nova Roman citizen or group of citizens wish to create a new gladiatorial reenactment group as part of Nova Roma, they shall obtain the consent of the aediles, who then shall issue an edict on the recognition of the reenactment group in question, specifying the unit as a Nova Roman gladiatorial reenactment group. A gladiatorial group can be declared as a Nova Roman gladiatorial group only if its lanista is a Nova Roman citizen; the position of the lanista is selected and regulated by internal group rules. The gladiators of the group do not necessarily have to be Nova Roman citizens, but when a decision between groups about granting support, favor or privilege is made, the proportion of Nova Roman citizens in the group shall be taken into the weighing of the selection of the group to be favored.
IV.
An Allied Gladiatorial Group can be established by the same registration method as a fully Nova Roman gladiatorial group, and the aediles shall issue an edict on the recognition of the reenactment group in question, specifying the unit as an allied gladiatorial reenactment group of Nova Roma. A gladiatorial group can be declared as an allied gladiatorial group only if it has at least one Nova Roman citizen among its members who shall be the representative of Nova Roma within the group and for the public, and as liaison and coordinator between the leadership of Nova Roma and his group.
V.
An Autonomous Gladiatorial Reenactment Group of Nova Roma shall have the following privileges granted by Nova Roma:
V.A.
A Nova Roman gladiatorial reenactment group shall have unlimited use of the website and online communication channels of Nova Roma for advertisement, recruitment and announcements of any kind, restricted only by reasonable forum moderation in case of disruptive or uncooperative behavior.
V.B.
A Nova Roman gladiatorial reenactment group shall have unlimited priority access to expert counsel and assistance regarding research and questions about Roman culture, religion, history, archaeology, Latin language or any questions requiring professional assistance for a Roman gladiatorial reenactment group.
V.C.
A Nova Roman gladiatorial reenactment group shall have priority entitlement to financial or other type of support depending on the state of the treasury.
V.D.
A Nova Roman gladiatorial reenactment group shall have unlimited right to cooperation and networking with all other Nova Roman or allied gladiatorial groups, with priority granted regarding invitations to public appearances and business opportunities offered by other Nova Roman groups or by the central or provincial administrations of Nova Roma.
V.E.
All these privileges are granted for free to an Autonomous Gladiatorial Reenactment Group of Nova Roma: there is no membership fee, there is no requirement regarding activity and it is not mandatory to appear at Nova Roma events or to do certain things; the groups can operate entirely according to its internal organization. The only requirement regarding activity remains that the group must recognize its programs, events as events of Nova Roma.
VI.
An Autonomous Gladiatorial Reenactment Group of Nova Roma shall fulfill, and once fulfilled, it shall maintain, the following requirements before being registered as a Nova Roman gladiatorial group:
VI.A.
A Nova Roman gladiatorial reenactment group shall possess, use, respect and honor a flag of Nova Roma as its most sacred national flag publicly besides its own unit standards and flags.
VI.B.
A Nova Roman gladiatorial reenactment group shall respect and honor the magistrates and other state officers of Nova Roma, and shall recognize these magistrates as their own state magistrates, but this remains a ceremonial requirement and the magistrates of Nova Roma don’t have any right to give orders to an Autonomous Gladiatorial Reenactment Group unless it is agreed upon otherwise by the leadership of the group.
VI.C.
All programs and events of a Nova Roman gladiatorial group shall count as programs and events of Nova Roma, Nova Roma shall have the right to use the events, programs, photos or promotional materials of the group, and the group can also advertise all other programs of Nova Roma as its own programs within the extended organization. A reenactment group of Nova Roma shall state this fact on its main internet location (website or social media page), and shall post a link to the Nova Roma website on its main internet location.
VI.E.
It is ethical requirement from the gladiator reenactors of a gladiatorial group of Nova Roma that they shall promote Roman culture and traditions, Roman virtues and values through their educational activities as reenactors. Reenactor gladiators of Nova Roma must keep the safety of their members and the safety of their audience as their highest priority during their performances, must abstain from any form of real violence of harmful intention, must maintain a high ethical standard of civilized and polite behavior, benevolence and spirit of brotherhood toward all reenactors, must avoid uncivilized conflicts with other groups, or if a conflict emerges, they must not let such conflicts be noticeable to the public in any form.
VII.
An allied gladiatorial reenactment group of Nova Roma shall have the following privileges granted by Nova Roma:
VII.A.
An allied gladiatorial reenactment group of Nova Roma unit shall have the right to use of the website and the online communication channels of Nova Roma for advertisement, recruitment and announcements of any kind, restricted by the priority rights of the fully Nova Roman gladiatorial groups to these tools.
VII.B.
An allied gladiatorial reenactment group of Nova Roma shall have access to expert counsel and assistance regarding research and questions about Roman culture, religion, history, archaeology, military, Latin language or any questions requiring professional assistance for a Roman gladiatorial reenactment group. This right is restricted by the priority rights of the fully Nova Roman gladiatorial groups to these tools.
VII.C.
A Nova Roman gladiatorial reenactment group shall have right to cooperation and networking with all other Nova Roman or allied gladiatorial groups.
VII.D.
All these privileges are granted for free to an allied gladiatorial group of Nova Roma: there is no membership fee, there is no requirement regarding activity and it is not mandatory to appear at Nova Roma events or to do certain things; the group can operate entirely according to its internal organization.
VIII.
An allied gladiatorial reenactment group of Nova Roma shall fulfill, and once fulfilled, it shall maintain, the following requirements before being recognized as an allied group of Nova Roma:
VIII.A.
An allied gladiatorial reenactment group of Nova Roma shall respect and honor the flag of Nova Roma.
VIII.B.
An allied gladiatorial reenactment group of Nova Roma shall respect and honor the magistrates and other state officers of Nova Roma, but this remains a ceremonial requirement and the magistrates of Nova Roma don’t have any right to give orders to the allied group unless it is agreed upon otherwise by the leadership of the group.
VIII.C.
An allied gladiatorial group of Nova Roma shall state the fact of alliance on its main internet location (website or social media page), and shall post a link to the Nova Roma website on its main internet location.
Learn more ...